WO2001040814A1 - Time domain reflectometer display method - Google Patents
Time domain reflectometer display method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001040814A1 WO2001040814A1 PCT/US2000/033084 US0033084W WO0140814A1 WO 2001040814 A1 WO2001040814 A1 WO 2001040814A1 US 0033084 W US0033084 W US 0033084W WO 0140814 A1 WO0140814 A1 WO 0140814A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- employing
- signal processing
- reflection waves
- time domain
- display
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/04—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant in circuits having distributed constants, e.g. having very long conductors or involving high frequencies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0821—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning rooms and test sites therefor, e.g. anechoic chambers, open field sites or TEM cells
- G01R29/0828—TEM-cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to time domain reflectometers and, more particularly, to a method of minimizing signal errors and anomalies.
- a Time Domain Reflectometer can be used to analyze a cable for anomalies or changes in cable impedance in order to locate such anomalies.
- a typical TDR transmits a pulse of electrical energy onto cables that include two conductors separated by a dielectric material. When the pulse encounters a change in the impedance of the cable, part of the pulse's energy is reflected back toward the TDR. The amplitude and polarity of this reflection is proportional to the change in impedance.
- Such reflections are usually displayed in graphical form on the screen of a typical TDR whereby a technician can interpret the results and locate specific cable anomalies.
- a technician's ability to interpret a displayed waveform has been limited because of a TDR's inability to provide high quality information.
- Information correlating to the portion of cable located closest to the TDR is of higher quality than that portion of the cable remotely located from the TDR. This is because the reflection signal degrades as the length increases. As a result, a waveform decreases in accuracy as the distance between that portion of the cable being measured and the TDR increases.
- One such solution is to locate the TDR at both ends of the cable being analyzed. This is undesirable because the technician would have to manually compare the two waveforms and make a calculation to determine the location of objects of interest, such as the location and determination of anomalies.
- Another solution is to connect a signal wire to each end of the cable and simultaneously measure the refection wave.
- the TDR would then be able to process the two signals to better pinpoint anomalies. This is undesirable because a great length of test leads are necessary to measure two ends of a long portion of cable simultaneously with a single TDR. Additional problems arise when a standard three- phase power cable is analyzed and only one phase at a time can be recorded. This results in potential human comparison errors when deciphers splice and fault locations. In multiple conductor cables, this problem is even more evident.
- VOP signal's velocity of propagation
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for improving the quality and accuracy of information collected by propagating a signal along a length of cable in order to pinpoint specific anomalies along the length of cable.
- This embodiment improves quality and accuracy by displaying multiple waves simultaneously and combining several steps of signal processing to raw data collected by a TDR.
- the signal processing steps include: signal data collection, wave reversal, wave shifting, multi-wave display, segmented velocity of propagation, multi cursor, and wet cable calculator.
- a technician can record, modify, and display several waveforms corresponding to specific cables from either end of specific cables and process the information collected and recorded at a later time. Specifically, a technician can take a set of two recorded waveforms that are collected from the same cable and compare the waveforms to determine the location of anomalies. If the two waveforms are recorded from opposite ends of the cable, then wave reversal can be used to process the waveforms in order to produce a more accurate representation of the location of anomalies along the cable.
- wave shifting can be used to process the waveforms in order to produce a more accurate representation of the location of anomalies along the cable.
- multiple waveforms can be displayed simultaneously.
- a technician can easily pinpoint the location of particular anomalies, such as three phase faults or severed cables, by analyzing several waveforms simultaneously.
- the accuracy of locating anomalies can be improved if the technician is aware of segments of differing mediums along the length of cable.
- the TDR can compensate for a change in VOP which would affect the accuracy of the anomaly's actual location.
- a typical TDR will measure the time interval between two cursors that can be manually or automatically positioned. Because of this limitation of two cursors, several segments had to be analyzed separately.
- the various embodiments of the present invention are capable of employing several cursors simultaneously to analyze the entire length of cable with several different mediums, and subsequently each with a differing VOP.
- a method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium capable of performing actions generally consistent with the foregoing data acquisition and signal processing for determining the location of anomalies along a cable is presented in further detail below.
- FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a general-purpose computer system for implementing one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of a prior art Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR);
- FIGURE 3 is a flowchart of an overall program architecture for a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR;
- FIGURE 4 is a flowchart of a wave reversal subroutine in a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 5 is a flowchart of a wave shifting subroutine in a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 6 is a flowchart of a multi-wave display subroutine in a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 7 is a flowchart of a segmented velocity of propagation subroutine in a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 7A is a flowchart of a calculation for total length of water affecting the impedance of a cable formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 8 is a flowchart of a multi-cursor/flagging subroutine in a method of displaying waves collected by a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 9 is an exemplary wave form displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 10 is an exemplary reversed wave form displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 11 is an exemplary combination of a wave form and its reversed trace displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 12 is an exemplary wave form showing corrosion displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 13 is an exemplary comparison multi-wave form displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 14 is an exemplary three phase wave form displayed on a TDR formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 15 is an exemplary set of wave forms displayed on a TDR with segmented VOP compensation formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 16 is an exemplary set of wave forms displayed on a TDR with segmented VOP compensation formed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Time Domain Reflectometers transmit a pulse of electrical energy onto cables that includes two conductors separated by a dielectric material.
- the electrical pulse encounters change in the cable that causes the impedance to change, part of the pulse's energy is reflected back toward the TDR.
- the proportionality of the impedance change can be determined.
- the location of the impedance change can also be determined.
- Typical anomalies that will cause an impedance change include a change in the cable medium, splices, faults, partial discharges, and damage to the cable.
- the TDR Time Domain Reflectometers
- Display method source programs execute on a computer, preferably a general- purpose computer configured with basic input/output functions for a handheld device.
- FIGURE 1 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which current embodiments of the invention may be implemented.
- program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- an exemplary system for implementing the embodiments of the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a conventional personal computer 120.
- the personal computer 120 includes a processing unit 121, a system memory 122, and a system bus 123 that couples various system components including the system memory 122 to the processing unit 121.
- the system bus 123 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
- the system memory 122 includes read only memory (ROM) 124, random access memory (RAM) 125, and a basic input/output system (BIOS) 126, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the personal computer 120.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- BIOS basic input/output system
- the personal computer 120 further includes a hard disk drive 127 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 128 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 129, and an optical disk drive 130 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 131, such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
- the hard disk drive 127, magnetic disk drive 128, and optical disk drive 130 are connected to the system bus 123 by a hard disk drive interface 132, a magnetic disk drive interface 133, and an optical drive interface 134, respectively.
- the drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the personal computer 120.
- a number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk 129, optical disk 131, ROM 124 or RAM 125, including an operating system 135, one or more application programs 136, and program data 138.
- a technician may enter commands and information into the personal computer 120 through input devices such as a keyboard 140 and pointing device 142.
- Other input devices may include a microphone, joystick, keypad, touch screen, scanner, or the like.
- serial port interface 146 is often connected to the processing unit 121 through a serial port interface 146 that is coupled to the system bus 123, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB).
- a monitor 147 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 123 via an interface, such as a video adapter 148.
- One or more speakers 157 are also connected to the system bus 123 via an interface, such as an audio adapter 156.
- personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as printers.
- FIGURE 2 depicts a well known and typical handheld TDR.
- the computing unit as described previously is housed in a compartment 210. Depicted within the compartment 210 is the processing unit 121, the display 147, a keypad or touch screen interface 140, system Memory 122, a pulse generator 211, and a pulse sensor 212.
- a pulse is generated at the pulse generator 21 1 and propagated down the cable 213.
- the pulse sensor 212 is then able to detect any reflection which occurs due to a change in impedance on the cable 213.
- the program receives pulse information from the pulse sensor 212 and assimilates the information to be displayed in a graphical representation on the display 147.
- the technician of the TDR is able to interpret information from the graphical representation of the anomalies detected on the cable 213.
- One embodiment of the current invention is a method of recording, processing and displaying the information collected by the TDR. Information previously collected and stored on a computer may also be processed and displayed.
- FIGURE 3 depicts the overall program architecture of the program. When the program is implemented, a technician selects a wave to be added to the display in Step 310. By selecting a wave to be displayed, the data corresponding to the wave is loaded into the program. Loaded wave files can be modified by one of a number of methods described below.
- Loading a wave is done by using a browsing subroutine which allows the technician to select files from memory or the current live trace. If multiple waves have been loaded, the last wave to be modified (or recently loaded) is the active wave. Only the active wave can be modified individually. To modify a different wave, the technician must select the different wave as active.
- Step 315 the technician is prompted to select whether or not to implement the method of wave reversal in Step 315. If wave reversal is selected, then the wave reversal subroutine is implemented which is depicted in FIGURE 4 and discussed later. If the technician selects no wave reversal, then the wave file is loaded to an initial display screen, Step 320. The technician is then asked if the technician wishes to select another wave to be loaded. The technician may repeat Steps 310-320 if another wave is desired, but if not, the program proceeds to an active wave display screen Step 325. The technician then selects one of the loaded waves to be the active one, step 325.
- the technician may modify individual wave attributes, Step 330 which will only affect the active wave or may modify global wave attributes, Step 335 which will affect all loaded waves.
- Individual wave attribute modification include, wave shifting, depicted in FIGURE 5 or multi-cursor flagging, depicted in FIGURE 8.
- Global wave attribute modifications include panning zooming and segmented velocity of propagation, depicted in FIGURE 7. Additionally, the technician may enable a wet cable calculation on any cable or portion thereof. After, each modification is implemented, all loaded waves are displayed on the display 147 in Step 340. This multi-wave display method is interspersed within the overall flow of FIGURE 3 and is presented in greater detail in FIGURE 8. Each attribute modification method is discussed in greater detail below.
- FIGURE 4 is a flowchart of the subroutine for wave reversal. If a technician chooses wave reversal in Step 315, then this subroutine is implemented. As stated above, the wave reversal method is implemented when a particular wave is being loaded. A separate browser window is opened on the display in Step 410 that will allow a technician to select a particular wave file in Step 415. The technician may then choose to implement wave reversal in Step 420. When wave reversal is chosen, a file utility will be opened that renders the normal data in a transposed fashion.
- the first wave is a recorded trace or a live trace and depicted as a wave propagating from end A to end B as shown in FIGURE 9.
- End A represents the location of the TDR and end B represents the other end of the conductor.
- a second wave, which is the reversed wave is a recorded trace or a live trace and depicted from end B to end A as shown in FIGURE 10.
- end A and B can be transposed, where end B represents the location of the TDR and end A represents the other end of the conductor.
- both traces are displayed at the same time vertically adjacent and with the either the first or the second trace live, but not both. Both may also be from memory, however.
- the second trace will be displayed reversed left to right so that ends A and B of both traces correlate. This is shown in FIGURE 11.
- the echoes do not match up vertically and it easily deciphered as merely an echo, whereas other anomalies occur in the same location.
- FIGURE 9 are representative anomalies that a TDR will locate and display.
- Corrosion 910, a splice 920, and an echo 930 are shown on this particular trace. Corrosion reflections and sometimes splice reflections can also be confused with echoes.
- FIGURE 5 is a flowchart of the subroutine for wave shifting.
- Wave shifting will move an active wave horizontally, as represented on the display, relative to other waves, such that cable end reflections or anomalies can be correlated. This is shown generally is FIGURE 13.
- Wave shifting is necessary to aid in utilizing the previous function (wave reversal). Without wave shifting, the second trace, which is a reversed view of the same cable, the time coordinate would not correlate to the first, thus making any comparison moot. With both, it is possible to see when a reflection changes its apparent position if viewed from the other end. This will make echoes 1310 more obvious as they will not correlate to any reflection on a companion trace.
- Step 510 a technician selects a particular wave to be shifted.
- Step 520 the technician selects starting point for the wave shift.
- Step 530 the program computes the time coordinate for the start of the wave shift. After these technician inputs are entered, the program edits the wave with starting point and time coordinate parameters. After computation, the new wave is displayed once again in Step 540.
- FIGURE 6 is a flowchart of the multi-wave display function of the present invention.
- a single channel TDR typically can display two waves from memory or one from memory and the other live (frequently updated with current data from the cable that the TDR is currently connected to). In one embodiment of the present invention, more than two waves can be displayed at the same time using a single channel TDR.
- Multi-wave display will allow more than two (usually three and sometimes six) traces to be displayed simultaneously in any combination of a single live trace while the rest are from stored files. This will facilitate understanding and recognition of cable problems in multi-phase cable systems.
- FIGURE 14 This concept is exemplified in FIGURE 14, whereby three cables of a three-phase system are shown vertically correlated for easy comparison. When used with wave reversal, up to six waves may be displayed simultaneously.
- the traces can be displayed vertically adjacent to aid visualization of differences or could be merged using datapoint addition, averaging, or subtraction, to form an composite trace to aid visualization of anomalies common to all.
- individual waves are loaded into the display program in Step 610.
- individual wave attributes can be modified in Step 620 (wave reversal, wave shifting) in addition to technician selections of whether the wave is to be visible in Step 630 and what distance of vertical separation is to be set between displayed waves (vertical offset value) in Step 640.
- These steps roughly correlate to the steps of wave reversal 315, individual attribute modification 330, and global wave attribute modification 335.
- FIGURE 7 is a flowchart of the segmented velocity of propagation subroutine of the program.
- Segmented Velocity of Propagation will allow the trace(s) to be subdivided into segments with independent VOP settings.
- a VOP setting is a determination of the rate at which a pulse will travel along a cable and is governed by the physical attributes of the conductor. These VOP numbers are well known in the art for all typical conductor materials. This VOP setting can compensate and correct for sections of the cable having different speeds of pulse propagation. These different speeds can come from different types of cables being spliced together, or from the effects of other post manufacture differences such as water or filling compounds in telecommunication cables.
- FIGURE 15 illustrates how a particular length of cable can be misrepresented in this fashion.
- the VOP between splice 1, referred to by the number 1510, and splice 2, referred to by the number 1520 is slower than the rest of the cable, the reflections 1530 and 1540 will appear in the wrong location.
- the VOP of the three segments 1610, 1620, and 1630 that make up the cable are set independently. This will adjust the horizontal scale of the display to compensate for the different speeds and consequently splice 1 1640 will correlate correctly to its reflection 1660 as will splice 2 1650 correlate correctly to its reflection 1670.
- a technician opens a dialog box in Step 710.
- the technician chooses a "from flag” location in Step 720, a "to flag” location in Step 730 and a VOP value for the particular segment in Step 740. After these attributes are selected, the technician closes the dialog box and the value in the set in Step 740 replaces the default VOP variable "D" in Step 750. At this point, if the new value of "global interval" is not "D", the program will determine the new VOP of the segment containing the pertinent data point in Step 760 and modify the X interval displayed between the pertinent data points rendered in distance in Step 770. Once the new wave files have been modified and once the technician enters any new zoom and scroll options in Step 780, all new waves are displayed in Step 790 on the display 140.
- a segment may be analyzed to determine the length of wet cable that is present.
- telecommunication cables When some telecommunication cables are installed, they contain air between the conductors of the pairs. Over time, this space can become filled with water, which degrades the quality of the cable.
- the water In conventional use of a TDR, the water can be seen as a negative reflection and placing cursors at both ends of the reflection can approximate the length of the wet section.
- water may not fill a long contiguous section that is easily identified. It can be separated into many wet spots from a few inches long to hundreds of feet.
- a TDR can be used to automatically calculate the total length of a cable that contains water using the following equation:
- VOPw speed of pulse in wet cable
- VOPd Speed of pulse in dry cable
- VOP w and VOP d are properties that can be predicted or measured for a given cable type. As seen best by referring to FIGURE 7A, these values are entered by the technician in Steps 792 and 793 respectively.
- a technician uses the wet cable function, known data from a cable information chart is determined and the technician inputs theses values into the TDR previous to calculation.
- the TDR would have this data stored in a file from which the technician would choose a cable type.
- Dt is measured with the TDR by placing cursors at the reflections from the beginning and end of the cable, Step 794.
- the operator would input the true length of the cable (L) Step 795 after measuring with a wheel. With this information the
- FIGURE 8 is a flowchart of the method for adding, removing or adjusting flags and/or cursors to an active wave.
- a traditional TDR measures the time interval between two cursors that can be manually or automatically positioned on the displayed trace.
- a cursor is an indication of a point on a trace which the technician seeks to identify for the purposes of gaining information about that particular location.
- the cursor can be manually positioned at any point along a trace using an input device such as a mouse.
- the TDR can calculate the length between two cursors.
- the ability to position more than two cursors on the trace would facilitate the segmented VOP and multi-trace functions above. Any number of cursors could be created and individually positioned on a specified trace.
- the time interval between selected cursors would then be multiplied by that segment's VOP to derive and display each segment's length.
- One embodiment of this invention would take the form of a single active cursor and many flags.
- the active cursor can be maneuvered along the X coordinate axis and will represent points corresponding to its X coordinate for all loaded waves.
- a flag can be placed on a particular loaded wave.
- Each flag would be represented by a tick mark on one particular wave of a multi-wave display. If that wave is shifted relative to the other waves, the flag would remain associated with the X coordinate of that single wave.
- the active cursor would not shift with a single wave. It is only associated with the X coordinate of the global display and would shift positions as the global zoom and scroll are adjusted.
- Flags can be added by a technician by selecting an active wave in Step 810. The technician then positions the cursor where a flag is to be added, removed or modified in Step 820. The technician can then add, remove or modify a flag in Step 830, the culmination of which is an edit of the flag field for the active wave with a new X coordinate for each flag added, removed or modified in Step 840. As flags are added, removed or modified, they are displayed as tick marks on their respective waves in Step 850, on the display 147.
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Locating Faults (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT00982473T ATE279734T1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | DISPLAY METHOD OF TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER MEASUREMENTS |
AU19501/01A AU1950101A (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Time domain reflectometer display method |
CA2393405A CA2393405C (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Time domain reflectometer display method |
DE60014970T DE60014970T2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | DISPLAY METHOD OF TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER MEASUREMENTS |
EP00982473A EP1244921B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Time domain reflectometer display method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16922999P | 1999-12-06 | 1999-12-06 | |
US60/169,229 | 1999-12-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001040814A1 true WO2001040814A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2000/033084 WO2001040814A1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Time domain reflectometer display method |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6646451B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP1361449B1 (en) |
AT (3) | ATE489639T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1950101A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2393405C (en) |
DE (3) | DE60028260T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2268236T3 (en) |
TW (1) | TW507081B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001040814A1 (en) |
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EP0649029A2 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1995-04-19 | Kyokuto Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. | Surge discriminating and locating system |
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- 2000-12-06 AU AU19501/01A patent/AU1950101A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-06 AT AT06007876T patent/ATE489639T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60028260T patent/DE60028260T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60014970T patent/DE60014970T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 DE DE60045295T patent/DE60045295D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 ES ES03017346T patent/ES2268236T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 AT AT03017346T patent/ATE327516T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 EP EP03017346A patent/EP1361449B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 WO PCT/US2000/033084 patent/WO2001040814A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-06 CA CA2393405A patent/CA2393405C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-06 EP EP06007876A patent/EP1679521B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 EP EP00982473A patent/EP1244921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-06 AT AT00982473T patent/ATE279734T1/en active
- 2000-12-06 US US09/732,448 patent/US6646451B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-22 TW TW089126005A patent/TW507081B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP0649029A2 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1995-04-19 | Kyokuto Boeki Kaisha, Ltd. | Surge discriminating and locating system |
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RU2676053C1 (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-12-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Method for detecting the defect of electric cable |
Also Published As
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EP1679521A3 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
ATE327516T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1679521B1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
ES2268236T3 (en) | 2007-03-16 |
EP1361449A3 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
EP1361449A2 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1361449B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
DE60014970T2 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
EP1679521A2 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
TW507081B (en) | 2002-10-21 |
EP1244921A1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
US20020067171A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
CA2393405A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
US6646451B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
ATE279734T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
AU1950101A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
DE60014970D1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
DE60028260T2 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
DE60028260D1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
DE60045295D1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP1244921B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
CA2393405C (en) | 2012-07-17 |
ATE489639T1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
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