WO2001039661A1 - Synchronizer for fundus camera - Google Patents
Synchronizer for fundus camera Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001039661A1 WO2001039661A1 PCT/US2000/032554 US0032554W WO0139661A1 WO 2001039661 A1 WO2001039661 A1 WO 2001039661A1 US 0032554 W US0032554 W US 0032554W WO 0139661 A1 WO0139661 A1 WO 0139661A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- camera
- flash
- shutter
- flash unit
- power supply
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cameras for the diagnosis of retinal disease, and, in particular to a system for synchronizing the flash unit of a monocular retina camera with a digital camera+ system.
- the ability to graphically view a patient's retinal area under varying conditions is extremely beneficial in the clinical diagnosis of various disorders.
- One type of such camera, the fundus camera is a three-axis camera providing photographic recording of a diversity of recognized fundus presentation modes.
- the system also provides for black and white digital image recording, editing and archiving. Using highly corrected optical systems, brilliant imaging and high resolution is provided at the base of the retina suitable for clinical diagnosis.
- Most current cameras are also able to provide documentation of findings through photographic equipment, electronic image sensors and other options.
- Fundus cameras are provided with a main black and white camera unit mounted at the bottom camera port.
- the clinician may use the main camera to compile a series of images for later diagnosis and documentation, and such activity is a mainstay feature of such units .
- the main camera is operated from a joystick used to universally position the optics relative to the patient by depressing an actuator button at the top thereof.
- the fundus camera optics and shutter system are activated for a predetermined time interval.
- the flash unit is activated to properly expose the film. If a signal is not received in such time interval, the fundus shutter system closes preventing image capture.
- the fundus camera is provided with a second camera port for the mounting and operation of a mechanical color camera.
- the operator can interface the color camera with the fundus camera through a connector harness for actuating the color camera from the joystick button.
- the system is effective in obtaining color exposures for subsequent development, printing and review. This can result is a significant time interval between examination and review of the color photographs.
- the digital camera appears to incorporate a circuit board that requires a warmup interval before the shutter activation system on the digital camera can be operated. In ordinary usage, this is accommodated at an intermediate shutter button position wherein the circuit board is enabled, the shutter conditioned for release and the focusing system activated. In the fundus camera, the joystick button effectively bypasses the intermediate position. Accordingly, the signal to the flash unit is subject to two preconditions; the circuit warmup time and the mechanical shutter transit time. These two intervals exceed the aforementioned time interval for the fundus flash unit and the fundus shutter system closes before image capture.
- the mechanical shutter actuation button has two distinct, sequential positions to capture the images. In the first, partially depressed position, the main circuits are powered, the shutter is released for actuation, and the self- focusing mechanism initiated. In the second, fully depressed position, the shutter is released.
- the flash circuitry includes a delay to initiate the flash at the fully open shutter condition. For most applications, quality digitized images may be captured and archived.
- the joystick release button is a two-position switch that bypasses the aforementioned three-position sequential button on the camera body.
- the apparent circuitry of the camera does not synchronize the flash with the shutter, generally capturing an image in the partially opened shutter condition. This appears to result from an inherent circuitry warmup time required prior to the shutter opening sequence.
- Manual actuation with the internal switch, fast or slow provides sufficient staging time to allow the circuitry to operate in synchronization whereas the fundus camera sequence results in a time lag at the shutter unacceptably affecting the resultant image.
- the problem of not resetting the flash unit persists .
- the flash units used in fundus cameras typically require full discharge and voltage interruption to allow the power supply to reset for the next exposure.
- the circuitry the details of which are not publicly available, employed in such electronic digital cameras appear to provide a sufficient residual voltage preventing the flash unit from resetting.
- the operator would have to toggle the power supply at the main switch for recycling the flash unit. Understandably, such manipulation is undesirable and laborious inasmuch as a typical examination entails a substantial number of images for capture. Notwithstanding the foregoing problems, the desire and need at the clinician level to secure high quality digital color images on the fundus camera persists.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an interface between a fimdus camera and a digital color camera flash control that will effect resetting of the fundus camera flash unit after each exposure.
- a further object is to provide synchronization between shutter opening on a digital color camera and the flash unit of a fundus camera.
- a synchronizer in accordance with the invention wherein a mechanical switching interface is provided between an electronic digital color camera and a fundus camera for appropriately coordinating the complete opening of the color and fundus camera shutters with the energization of the fimdus camera flash unit, and for fully disconnecting the flash unit at the completion of an image capture sequence thereby enabling resetting of the flash unit.
- the synchronizer comprises a pair of control circuits, each of which includes a mechanical relay. In a first circuit, at startup, the main circuitry and the focusing unit are continuously operated, and the shutter lock mechanism released. This configuration eliminates the system warmup time lag, provides continuous focusing, and conditions the shutter system for opening.
- the lamp unit is conditioned for operation. Accordingly, upon depressing the fundus camera switch, the shutter release mechanism is actuated, the shutter openings for both cameras coordinated within the fundus prescribed interval corresponding to the fully open shutter positions, the flash unit is actuated, and thereafter the shutter mechanism is reset. Upon release of the fundus camera switch the circuit to the flash unit is mechanically interrupted allowing automatic resetting thereof.
- the use of the relays in both circuits nullifies the influence of the relay switching times insuring that the built in predetermined camera delay time remains matched at time of flash. The foregoing is achieved without revision of the digital camera or the fimdus camera, through simple and readily available components, to achieve thereby the stated objectives.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a flash and photograph synchronizer for a fundus camera having an actuator, a resettable flash unit accommodating a flash sequence in a flash interval after actuation of the actuator and requiring power interruption thereto for resetting, and a digital camera system including an auxiliary power supply and a shutter system having a mechanical shutter movable to a fully open position in the mechanical transit time consistent with the flash interval for capturing an image at the digital camera system, the synchronizer comprising a power supply means, a first circuit means including a first mechanical switching means for operatively connecting the auxiliary power supply with the shutter system upon operation of the actuator moving the mechanical shutter to a fully open position, and a second circuit means including a second mechanical switching means connected between the power supply means and the flash unit for actuating the flash unit upon operation of the actuator to initiate the flash sequence during the flash interval, the second mechanical switching means effecting power interruption to the flash unit subsequent to the operation of the actuator thereby permitting the resetting thereof.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a synchronizer for a fundus camera for coordinating an auxihary digital camera to record an image in timed sequence with a fundus camera actuator and a flash unit coupled to the fimdus camera, the digital camera including a power supply connected to a circuit board coupled with a shutter system; comprising a first means for normally enabling the circuit board, and a second means responsive to operation of the fimdus camera actuator for conditioning the shutter system at a fully open position and energizing the flash unit, subsequent to operation of the fundus camera actuator interrupting power to the flash unit.
- a further object of the invention is a method for synchronizing image capture between a digital camera and a flash unit operatively coupled to a fimdus camera wherein the digital camera includes a circuit board coupled to a power supply and a shutter system, the shutter system is movable from a shutter activation position to a fully open position for capturing the image, and the flash unit includes means for energizing the flash unit and preventing subsequent energizing thereof in the absence of cessation of power thereto comprising the steps of:
- a camera system comprising a flash unit including a main power supply operatively coupled to the fundus camera, the flash unit including control means for providing illumination in response to a signal received within a predetermined time interval and precluding subsequent illumination until cessation of power to the control means; an electronic digital camera operatively coupled to the camera port, the digital camera including an auxiliary power supply coupled to a circuit board and to a shutter system, the shutter system movable responsive to operation of the actuator switch from a first position to a fully open position in a mechanical transit time less than the predetermined time interval, the digital camera providing an output signal after the mechanical transit time; a synchronizer including a switchable power supply and a first circuit means and a second circuit means, the first circuit means connected to the power supply, the circuit board and the shutter means for normally powering the circuit board the first circuit means including a switching device having a
- a synchronizer for coordinating a fundus camera flash unit with a digital color camera wherein the flash unit requires an enabling flash signal within a predetermined time interval after actuation and the color camera includes circuitry requiring a warmup time after actuation and a shutter transit time less than the predetermined time interval after the warmup time to transmit the flash signal, the warmup time and the shutter transit time exceeding the predetermined time interval, the synchronizer comprising a switchable power supply means normally operatively connected to the flash unit and the circuitry of the digital color camera thereby normally powering the circuitry and elininating the warmup time such that the flash signal is received at the flash unit within the predetermined time interval.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fundus camera carrying a digital camera interfaced with a synchronizer in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the synchronizer interfaced with the fundus camera and the digital camera
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the digital camera control system
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the fundus camera flash control system
- Figure 5 is a block diagram of the synchronizer operation.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a fundus camera (FC) 10, also known as a monocular retina camera, having a first camera 12 optically coupled thereto at a main camera port at the rear thereof, and a second camera 14, an electronic digital color camera (DCC), optically coupled thereto at an auxiliary camera port at the top thereof.
- the fundus camera 10 also includes a flash unit 16 coupled thereto for providing flash iUumination in coordination with the cameras for capturing and recording patient information during an examination.
- a synchronizer 18 is interfaced between the fundus camera 10 and the digital color camera 14 by wiring harness 21.
- the fundus camera may be selected from a plurality of commercially available models.
- a suitable fundus camera is available from Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH of Jena Germany as model FF 450.
- the digital color camera may be selected from commercially available models.
- a suitable digital color camera is available from Eastman Kodak Company as an adjunct to the Professional Digital Camera System, in particular a modified Nikon F3 camera body.
- Both the fundus camera 10 and the digital camera 14 incorporate proprietary, non-publicly available circuitry for performing certain functions in accomplishing the objectives of the invention. The following description will accordingly proceed with reference to the synchronizer interface with such functions, it being understood that those skilled in the art be able to determine the necessary specifics for integrating the selected camera.
- the fundus camera 10 is a monocular retina camera for routine clinical and diagnostic usage.
- the fundus camera 10 is fixedly mounted on an instrument table 20 having a motorized height adjustment, not shown.
- the main camera 12 may comprises a Nikon F3-HP type.
- the fundus camera 10 is universally coupled with an instrument base 22 including a 3D joystick 23 for universally positioning the camera optics with respect to a patient presenting for examination at a vertically adjustable head rest 24 including a vertically adjustable chin rest 26 and a forehead rest 28.
- Fixation lights 30 mounted on flexible necks 32 are used conventionally in the diagnosis and examination.
- the joystick 23 includes a camera button 34 on the top thereof for initiating a camera exposure session.
- a control console 36 operates in conjunction with the camera to control various functions ancillary to the present invention.
- the fundus camera is also provided various mechanical controls for focusing, tilting and otherwise allowing the clinician to observe readily and accurately the desired retinal areas of the patient.
- the digital camera 14 is mounted on the top optical port of the camera and may be selected for operation by controls, not shown.
- the synchronizer 18 comprises a housing 50 mounted on the table 20 or other suitable location having an connector cable 51 coupled with the camera port 52 on the fundus camera and cables 54, 56 connected to the main camera port and the flash port.
- the camera 14 is operatively connected to a digital storage unit by a supplied connector cable, not shown.
- the internal circuitry for the fimdus camera is power by a power supply resident in the flash unit 16.
- the fundus camera is operable for clinical and diagnostic purposes in a manner well known by those in the art.
- an illustrative digital color camera for the purposes of the present invention is an unmodified Nikon F3 camera fitted with a Kodak camera back and camera winder connected to a free standing digital storage unit by an interconnect cable.
- the digital camera includes a control system including a main circuit board, a focusing system, a shutter system, and a flash system. Images are normally captured by a manual two-position button. In the first partially depressed position, the control system is enabled thereby enabling the circuit board, the focusing system, and the shutter system to a shutter activation position. Sequentially thereafter, in the second fully depressed position, the shutter system releases the shutter blades and, at the fully open position, sends a signal to the associated flash system.
- the shutter system In the fundus camera flash system, the shutter system is enabled and the optics and shutter opened for a preset interval awaiting an actuation flash signal. This interval is consistent with the mechanical transit time of the digital camera shutter.
- the shutter button In normal usage, the shutter button is depressed in stages by the operator in a well known manner. Sufficient time is thus presented for the main circuit to warmup and for the control system to condition fully and the focusing system to align accurately with the photographic subject. Subsequent full depression of the button will thus establish the proper time interval between full shutter opening and flash unit energization. Normally, even if the operator depresses the button in a single motion sufficient staging time is effected for appropriately coordinating shutter and flash functions. However, the one stage actuation of the fundus camera button does not provide sufficient warmup time, resulting in a flash signal exceeding the fundus camera shutter opening interval thereby precluding image capture.
- the fundus camera 100 is operatively connected to the flash unit 102 by connector cable 104.
- the flash unit 102 is connected to external power supply 106 by cable 108 and to the flash strobe light 110 resident inside the fimdus camera 100 by cable 112.
- the fundus camera imaging is effected by the joystick switch or button 34.
- the digital camera 120 is connected to digital storage unit 122 by cable
- the synchronizer 130 is coupled to the fimdus camera by inlet cable 132, to the flash system of the digital camera 120 by outlet cable 134 and to the camera control system by outlet cable 136. More particularly and as shown in the schematic diagram of Figure 2, the synchronizer 18 comprises a pair of switching circuits 150, 152 for overriding existing internal controls, and operating and coordinating the shutter opening and flash sequencing between the fimdus camera and the digital camera.
- the first switching circuit 152 is coupled to flash connector 154 mounted on the digital camera and to the auxiliary connector 156 for the auxihary camera port 52 on the fundus camera.
- the second switching circuit 150 is coupled to the main camera connector 158 on the digital camera and the connector 156 on the auxiliary camera port on the fundus camera.
- the synchronizer 18 comprises a main switch 162 connected by lead 164 to a direct current power supply 166 and the auxiliary port connector 156 on the fundus camera.
- the power supply 166 is connected in parallel to the coils 172, 174 of normally open relays 176, 178 respectively.
- the coils 172, 174 are connected to ground at the fundus camera by lead 180 at the port connector 156.
- the normally open contacts 182 of the relay 178 are connected by lead 184 to the flash system port connector 154 on the digital camera.
- closure of the joystick button 34 on the fundus camera will activate the relay 178 closing contacts 182 completing the circuit to the digital camera flash system via lead 188 between the connector 154 and port connector 156.
- Leads 184 and 188, and port connector 156 comprise the outlet cable 56.
- the contacts 190 of relay 176 are connected by leads 192, 193 to the shutter port connector 158 on the digital camera.
- Lead 193 includes branch leads 193 a and 193b at the connector 194.
- the leads 192, 193 and connector 158 comprise outlet cable 54 ( Figure 3).
- the leads 180, 184, 164 and 188 and the connector 158 comprise the outlet cable 51 from the synchronizer housing 50.
- Timing means 189 may be incorporated, as in line 193, to deactivate the above functions after a predetermined time.
- leads 193 a and 193b are connected to the storage unit power supply 201 , the main circuit board 202, the focus system 203 and shutter system 204. Consequently, as described below, the circuit board, the focusing system and first stage are continuously powered.
- Lead 192 is connected with the shutter system 204 such that contact closure activates the mechanical release of the shutter and sends an enabling signal 206 to the digital camera flash system at the fully open position, to the plug connector 154 and lines 188, 184 in switching circuit 152.
- the flash system of the fundus camera to the extent known appears to incorporate a shutter system for conditioning the optics and opening the shutter to receive within a preset time interval after actuation of the joystick button 34 such that the flash is in proper sequence with the fully open shutter position.
- the flash signal Upon closure of contacts 190, the flash signal will be transmitted to the auxiliary port 52 a predetermined time thereafter.
- the flash system of the digital camera includes circuitry presenting a residual voltage to the flash unit of the fundus camera through details not present known, sufficient to prevent the resetting of the fundus camera flash unit. Accordingly, the opening of the contacts 182 mechanically interrupts power to the flash unit permitting the resetting thereof.
- Lead 192 of shutter connector 158 is connected to the power supply 201 of the digital storage unit.
- Lead 193a appears to be connected to the circuit board 202 and the system 203. Accordingly the latter systems operate continuously until timed out by timer 189 in the synchronizer 18. When the contacts 190 are closed the second shutter is released for timed coordination with the flash unit.
- the dual relays in the separate circuits have the effect of balancing the switching times associated with the individual relay, thereby retaining the predetermined time intervals between shutter opening and flash provided by the camera manufacturers. Further, by locating the contacts in an independently powered circuit, the existing camera functions operate on design voltage.
- lead 193b is connected to pin 10, lead 193 a to pin 4 and lead 192 to pin 7.
- the fundus camera connector 156 interfaces with the auxiliary port 52 and is connected with the joystick button 34 through internal leads 220 and 222.
- the internal leads 224 and 226 are connected with the flash unit 16.
- leads 180, 224 are connected to pin 2
- leads 164, 226 to pin 5
- leads 222, 184 to pin 8 leads 220, 188 to pin 4.
- the circuit board and focusing system are powered.
- the clinician desires to capture a digital color image
- the appropriate mode is selected on the fundus camera controls.
- the desired image area is selected and the joystick button 34 is depressed.
- the relays 178, 176 are energized closing the contacts 182, 190.
- the shutter mechanism is actuated to initiate opening of the shutter blades.
- the flash system circuit is completed to fire the flash unit in the fundus camera in proper sequence with full shutter opening of both cameras thereby capturing a synchronized image for filing in the storage system.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001541397A JP4643880B2 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
KR1020027006994A KR100749020B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
AU18079/01A AU1807901A (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
EP00980875A EP1263314A4 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
MXPA02005454A MXPA02005454A (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera. |
US10/162,429 US6983106B2 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-03 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/456,033 US6215957B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 1999-12-03 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
US09/456,033 | 1999-12-03 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/162,429 Continuation-In-Part US6983106B2 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-03 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001039661A1 true WO2001039661A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
Family
ID=23811175
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/032554 WO2001039661A1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-11-30 | Synchronizer for fundus camera |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6215957B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1263314A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4643880B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100749020B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100374073C (en) |
AU (2) | AU1807901A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2326923C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02005454A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001039661A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6361167B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-03-26 | Massie Research Laboratories, Inc. | Digital eye camera |
US6685317B2 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2004-02-03 | Massie Research Laboratories, Inc. | Digital eye camera |
US20030174279A1 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2003-09-18 | Koji Kobayashi | To be tested eye photographing device |
GB2425186B (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-01-17 | Litechnica Ltd | Flash generation and synchronisation for slit lamp microscope |
CN101972136A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-02-16 | 上海新眼光光电技术有限公司 | Retina digital imaging adapter |
WO2016018541A1 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-02-04 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Real-time video extensometer |
CN104776484A (en) * | 2015-04-19 | 2015-07-15 | 陈佳乐 | Household solar uniform heat supply device |
CN105769117B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-08-29 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of eyeground optics whole audience Micro flow contrast imaging device and method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6158864A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-12-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for phototaking the image of an eye comprising systems for converting an image signal from an image pickup element into animated-picture-display and digital-image signals |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04238333A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1992-08-26 | Topcon Corp | Photographing device |
JPH04261638A (en) * | 1991-02-16 | 1992-09-17 | Topcon Corp | Ophthalmologic photographing recording apparatus |
JP2555693Y2 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1997-11-26 | 株式会社ニコン | Ophthalmic equipment |
DE4122752A1 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-21 | Dornier Gmbh | Video imaging of eye to determine line of sight - using infrared flashes during open period of electronic shutter in CCD video camera |
US5608472A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1997-03-04 | Research Development Foundation | Eye imaging system |
US5504542A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-04-02 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Stereoscopic retinal camera having judging mechanism of alignment condition |
JPH10211171A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-08-11 | Nikon Corp | Ophthalmologic image recording system |
-
1999
- 1999-12-03 US US09/456,033 patent/US6215957B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-28 CA CA002326923A patent/CA2326923C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-30 KR KR1020027006994A patent/KR100749020B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-30 WO PCT/US2000/032554 patent/WO2001039661A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-11-30 JP JP2001541397A patent/JP4643880B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-30 AU AU18079/01A patent/AU1807901A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-30 MX MXPA02005454A patent/MXPA02005454A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-30 CN CNB008197776A patent/CN100374073C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-30 EP EP00980875A patent/EP1263314A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-01 EP EP00250415A patent/EP1108389A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-04 AU AU72009/00A patent/AU780544B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6158864A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-12-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for phototaking the image of an eye comprising systems for converting an image signal from an image pickup element into animated-picture-display and digital-image signals |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2326923C (en) | 2009-03-17 |
EP1263314A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
US6215957B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
CA2326923A1 (en) | 2001-06-03 |
JP4643880B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
KR20030019301A (en) | 2003-03-06 |
MXPA02005454A (en) | 2004-06-21 |
JP2003527163A (en) | 2003-09-16 |
CN100374073C (en) | 2008-03-12 |
EP1108389A2 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
AU780544B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
EP1108389A3 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
EP1263314A4 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
KR100749020B1 (en) | 2007-08-13 |
AU1807901A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
AU7200900A (en) | 2002-06-20 |
CN1454068A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
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