WO2001024570A1 - Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based termination points - Google Patents

Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based termination points Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001024570A1
WO2001024570A1 PCT/EP1999/007210 EP9907210W WO0124570A1 WO 2001024570 A1 WO2001024570 A1 WO 2001024570A1 EP 9907210 W EP9907210 W EP 9907210W WO 0124570 A1 WO0124570 A1 WO 0124570A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
atm
aal
different
telecommunication network
termination points
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/007210
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Brundert
Faustino Cuadrado Capitan
Juan Ignacio Solana De Quesada
Original Assignee
Nokia Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Corporation filed Critical Nokia Corporation
Priority to EP99948893A priority Critical patent/EP1236374B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1999/007210 priority patent/WO2001024570A1/en
Priority to AU61978/99A priority patent/AU6197899A/en
Priority to DE69941989T priority patent/DE69941989D1/en
Priority to US10/070,969 priority patent/US7522612B1/en
Publication of WO2001024570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001024570A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
    • H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
    • H04L2012/5603—Access techniques
    • H04L2012/5604—Medium of transmission, e.g. fibre, cable, radio
    • H04L2012/5607—Radio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
    • H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
    • H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
    • H04L2012/5652—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
    • H04L2012/5653—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly using the ATM adaptation layer [AAL]
    • H04L2012/5656—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly using the ATM adaptation layer [AAL] using the AAL2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
    • H04L2012/5672—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling

Definitions

  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • the principal structure of a telecommunication network using the W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) protocol is known from practical knowledge.
  • the structure and function of networks of that kind is known from ITU-T Recommendation 1.362.2.
  • Networks of this kind play on important role m the so called mecanicTh ⁇ rd Generation* telecommunication networks.
  • AAL-2 ATM Adaptation Layer
  • a cell, especially a cell covering an area with dense traffic can be divided into a number of sectors. Each of the sectors contains its own termination point for the AAL over ATM data.
  • a call ID call ID
  • CID call ID
  • the multiplexing/mapping of the different calls into one single ATM virtual connection at the respective termination point is governed by a control unit.
  • the control unit comprises a control unit timer (CU timer) which supervises the mapping of the calls into the ATM cell which has a given length (53 bits, were 48 bits are reserved for the payload) .
  • CU timer control unit timer
  • Each ATM cell is filled with the data coming from different calls within a given sector until the ATM cell is full or the allowed CU timer limit is achieved which means that the given CU time is expired.
  • the reason for the timer is to guarantee a maximum delay m the process of filling up the ATM cells m case if there are not enough data from the calls to be transmitted. This means, if the CU timer time expires, when the ATM cell is not yet filled, the ATM cell is transmitted only partially filled which results m a reduced efficiency.
  • a small value of the CU timer has the advantage that only small delay m the process of filling up the ATM cells is achieved but, that the probability of generating only partially filled cells is increased.
  • the CU timer is set to a larger value, the probability of generating only partially filled cells is reduced but this does not guarantee the required maximum delay time. In an extrapolation, if the time delay of the CU timer would be infinite, the probability of filling all cells is 100 percent, which would result in the best efficiency of the ATM network.
  • the ATM switching unit comprising a multiplexing unit for multiplexing AAL-2 connections of the different termination points TP into one single ATM virtual connection to be processed by the ATM switch.
  • this object is achieved by a method for operating a network mentioned above by the parallel incoming ALL-2 connections of different termination points of one base station being multiplexed into one single ATM cell virtual connection before being processed by the ATM switch.
  • the incoming parallel data streams from the physically distributed termination points at the AAL-2 layer are multiplexed at a centralized location which leads to a very high efficiency because now - also for non-infinite delay times - the ATM virtual connections are processed with a very high occupancy rate.
  • the different sectors of the base station are still able to generate AAL-2 cells and transfer them to the multiplexing unit by using the standard UTOPIA interface.
  • the CU time for mapping the AAL cells can be selected small so that low delay is guaranteed.
  • the probability for partially filled cells is still large and a number of CID values used by the different BS sectors can still be small.
  • the number of CIDs used in the single ATM virtual connection is now significantly larger because the data stream combines all calls coming from different sectors of the base station. This means that the scatteredummy information* which was contained m the AAL cells at the UTOPIA interface before the multiplexing operation is removed by which the efficiency of the whole system is remarkably enhanced.
  • a preferred embodiment of the system is characterized m that both the AAL-2 stream coming from the individual radio sectors and the multiplexed AAL-2 stream have independent CU-timers. Due to the independent CU-timers a bound in the delay across the AAL-2 layer entities is guaranteed.
  • a further improvement of the described system may forsee that the CU timer used m the AAL-2 multiplexing unit has a larger value than the CU time of the parallel data streams before the multiplexing unit. By this, the probability of occupancy of the ATM cells is further increased which means that the efficiency of the bandwidth usage is further increased.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail of Fig. 1 directed to the data processing between the base station and the radio network controller RNC
  • Fig. 3 shows a modification of the ATM switch unit of
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the functional principles of the present invention by means of a cell diagram
  • Fig. 5 shows the protocol stack for the multiplexing unit according to the present invention.
  • a conventional telecommunication network different base stations BS are comprised each of which defining a cell (depicted by a circle) .
  • the base stations are communicating with a central radio network controller RNC via a broadband data connection using an I UB interface.
  • RNC central radio network controller
  • the identification and information of a call of a given mobile station MS is received via the antenna of a given base station, processed through a receiver m which the data are digitalized and transmitted to a termination point. From the termination point the data are transmitted to the Radio Network Controller RNC via the AAL-2 over ATM standard technology.
  • each cell is divided in different sectors, where as each sector has its own termination point.
  • the division of a cell in a variety of sections is preferred for those cells which have a lot of traffic.
  • the data processing for a base station with a variety of sectors is shown m Fig. 2.
  • the calls received m the different sectors are digitalized and processed by separate units each of which having separate termination points. It is clear that the termination points are usually physically distributed, i.e. that they are located in different areas. Their distance may vary between a few centimetres up to hundreds of meters.
  • Each of the data streams leaving the termination points of the different sectors of one base station are processed in parallel and are sent to an ATM switch AXU where they are processed to the I UB interface communicating with the central radio network controller RNC.
  • the data traffic between the different termination points and the ATM switch uses a known so-called procurUTOPIA* interface .
  • Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a network according to the present invention.
  • This embodiment refers to a participatedTh ⁇ rd Generation* Telecommunication Network. Generally, it corresponds to the system as described related with Fig. 2.
  • a multiplexing unit AAM CPS MUX is comprised. In this unit the different cells coming from different base station sectors are combined into the same virtual channel of an ATM cell arriving at the ATM switch.
  • the calls received m sector 1 of a given base station are named e.g. CID-1 and CID-2 and are mapped in the AAL- 2 over ATM cell coming from the termination point of sector 1. It is shown that because of the fixed length of an ATM cell some space is left free maneuverDUMMY* which means that an only partially filled cell is transmitted from sector 1. Accordingly, from sector 2 only one call-ID (CID-3) is transmitted which means that even more of the ATM cell is transmitted unfilled. The same refers to the calls coming from sector 3 as also shown m Fig. 4. After the multiplexing process in unit AAM CPS MUX, ATM cells are transmitted which are completely filled because the space available m a given cell is filled with the remaining payload originating from another cell coming from a different radio sector.
  • the first cell coming from sector 1 is filled up with the data coming from sector 2 (CID-3) until the first cell is filled and the rest of the information of CID-3 is mapped into the second ATM cell after which the rest of this second cell is filled with the traffic coming from sector 3. Therefore, the number of CID ' s used m a single ATM VCC is now significantly larger because it combines calls coming from different base stations sectors. Moreover, the dummy information contained before in the AAL-2 cells at the UTOPIA interface between the BS sectors and the multiplexing unit is removed.
  • Fig. 5 shows the corresponding protocol stack for the multiplexing unit according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 the first three layers (PHY, ATM, CPS, AAL-2 Muxing) of the multiplexing unit are shown. These three layers are used by all instances of the upper layers, which are provided for each incoming data line individually.
  • the upper layers comprise the CPS AAL-2 layer and the SSC AAL-2 layer as well as radio interface protocol layers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol comprising a variety of base stations (BS) communicating with each other via a central Radio Network Controller (RNC) by an ATM based data connection via an IUB interface, whereby at least one of the base stations (BS) is comprising a variety of radio sectors (1, 2, 3, ...n) with physically distributed AAL-2 based termination points (TP), each termination point having an AAL-2 over ATM structure where different call IDs are mapped into respective ATM virtual connections (ATM/VC) under the control of a control unit timer (CU-timer) having a determined delay time, all AAL cell streams being sent parallel to each other to an ATM switching unit (AXU) via a UTOPIA interface. In order to increase the efficiency of the system without a reduction of the maximum allowed delay, the ATM switching unit comprises a multiplexing unit (AAM CPS MUX) for multiplexing AAL-2 connections of the different termination points (TP) into one single ATM virtual connection to be processed by the ATM switch.

Description

TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK USING THE W-CDMA PROTOCOL WITH AAL-2 BASED TERMINATION POINTS
The present invention concerns telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol comprising a variety of base stations communicating with each other via a central Radio Network Controller by an ATM based data connection via an IUB interface whereby at least one of the base stations is comprising a variety of radio sectors with physically distributed AAL-2 based termination points, each termination point having a AAL-2 over ATM structure where different call ID's are mapped into ATM virtual connections under the control of a control unit timer with a given delay time, all AAL cell streams being sent parallel to each other to an ATM switching unit via an UTOPIA interface.
Moreover, the invention concerns an ATM (= Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switch for a telecommunication network mentioned above as well as a method for processing data within a telecommunication network mentioned above.
The principal structure of a telecommunication network using the W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) protocol is known from practical knowledge. The structure and function of networks of that kind is known from ITU-T Recommendation 1.362.2. Networks of this kind play on important role m the so called „Thιrd Generation* telecommunication networks. These kinds of networks use the AAL-2 (= ATM Adaptation Layer) over ATM standards as the protocols for broadband transmission. There are usually a variety of different base stations within the W-CDMA network each of which defining a cell. A cell, especially a cell covering an area with dense traffic can be divided into a number of sectors. Each of the sectors contains its own termination point for the AAL over ATM data. To each call m a given sector of a base station a call identification (call ID, CID) is allocated and a number of calls within a given sector is mapped into a single ATM virtual connection under use of the call ID.
The multiplexing/mapping of the different calls into one single ATM virtual connection at the respective termination point is governed by a control unit. The control unit comprises a control unit timer (CU timer) which supervises the mapping of the calls into the ATM cell which has a given length (53 bits, were 48 bits are reserved for the payload) . Each ATM cell is filled with the data coming from different calls within a given sector until the ATM cell is full or the allowed CU timer limit is achieved which means that the given CU time is expired. The reason for the timer is to guarantee a maximum delay m the process of filling up the ATM cells m case if there are not enough data from the calls to be transmitted. This means, if the CU timer time expires, when the ATM cell is not yet filled, the ATM cell is transmitted only partially filled which results m a reduced efficiency.
This means, that a small value of the CU timer has the advantage that only small delay m the process of filling up the ATM cells is achieved but, that the probability of generating only partially filled cells is increased. On the other hand, if the CU timer is set to a larger value, the probability of generating only partially filled cells is reduced but this does not guarantee the required maximum delay time. In an extrapolation, if the time delay of the CU timer would be infinite, the probability of filling all cells is 100 percent, which would result in the best efficiency of the ATM network.
An other problem raising is that the amount of simultaneous calls that a single sector of a base station has to handle may not be enough to make the usage of the ATM bandwidth effective enough. Theoretical valuations have shown that the use of AAL-2 over ATM technology is only efficient if the number of CIDs m a single ATM virtual connection is at least 50.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to increase the efficiency of the telecommunication network without a drop of the required maximum delay time.
This object is achieved m a system mentioned above by the ATM switching unit comprising a multiplexing unit for multiplexing AAL-2 connections of the different termination points TP into one single ATM virtual connection to be processed by the ATM switch.
Accordingly, this object is achieved by a method for operating a network mentioned above by the parallel incoming ALL-2 connections of different termination points of one base station being multiplexed into one single ATM cell virtual connection before being processed by the ATM switch.
It is the central idea of the present invention to propose a system and a method to increase the bandwidth usage efficiency by combining the parallel data traffic coming from different sectors of one base station before it is processed by the ATM switch. The incoming parallel data streams from the physically distributed termination points at the AAL-2 layer are multiplexed at a centralized location which leads to a very high efficiency because now - also for non-infinite delay times - the ATM virtual connections are processed with a very high occupancy rate. Nevertheless, the different sectors of the base station are still able to generate AAL-2 cells and transfer them to the multiplexing unit by using the standard UTOPIA interface. For all parallel data paths parts before the multiplexer, the CU time for mapping the AAL cells can be selected small so that low delay is guaranteed. Accordingly, at this part of the network the probability for partially filled cells is still large and a number of CID values used by the different BS sectors can still be small. After the multiplexing step, however, the number of CIDs used in the single ATM virtual connection is now significantly larger because the data stream combines all calls coming from different sectors of the base station. This means that the „dummy information* which was contained m the AAL cells at the UTOPIA interface before the multiplexing operation is removed by which the efficiency of the whole system is remarkably enhanced.
A preferred embodiment of the system is characterized m that both the AAL-2 stream coming from the individual radio sectors and the multiplexed AAL-2 stream have independent CU-timers. Due to the independent CU-timers a bound in the delay across the AAL-2 layer entities is guaranteed. A further improvement of the described system may forsee that the CU timer used m the AAL-2 multiplexing unit has a larger value than the CU time of the parallel data streams before the multiplexing unit. By this, the probability of occupancy of the ATM cells is further increased which means that the efficiency of the bandwidth usage is further increased.
Further advantages are related to the subclaims.
It is emphasized that because of the fact that the system mentioned above is based on variable bit rated data processing, the bandwidth of each channel corresponding to a respective termination point of the base station may vary notwithstanding the fact that the system is still capable of processing the data as described above.
The invention is now illustrated by means of an embodiment as depicted in the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a general set up of a telecommunication network according to the prior art
Fig. 2 shows a detail of Fig. 1 directed to the data processing between the base station and the radio network controller RNC
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the ATM switch unit of
Fig. 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 4 illustrates the functional principles of the present invention by means of a cell diagram and
Fig. 5 shows the protocol stack for the multiplexing unit according to the present invention.
As can be seen from Fig. 1, m a conventional telecommunication network different base stations BS are comprised each of which defining a cell (depicted by a circle) . The base stations are communicating with a central radio network controller RNC via a broadband data connection using an IUB interface. Within a given cell, the identification and information of a call of a given mobile station MS is received via the antenna of a given base station, processed through a receiver m which the data are digitalized and transmitted to a termination point. From the termination point the data are transmitted to the Radio Network Controller RNC via the AAL-2 over ATM standard technology.
As also shown m Fig. 1, each cell is divided in different sectors, where as each sector has its own termination point. The division of a cell in a variety of sections is preferred for those cells which have a lot of traffic.
The data processing for a base station with a variety of sectors is shown m Fig. 2.
The calls received m the different sectors are digitalized and processed by separate units each of which having separate termination points. It is clear that the termination points are usually physically distributed, i.e. that they are located in different areas. Their distance may vary between a few centimetres up to hundreds of meters. Each of the data streams leaving the termination points of the different sectors of one base station are processed in parallel and are sent to an ATM switch AXU where they are processed to the IUB interface communicating with the central radio network controller RNC. The data traffic between the different termination points and the ATM switch uses a known so-called „UTOPIA* interface .
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a network according to the present invention. This embodiment refers to a „Thιrd Generation* Telecommunication Network. Generally, it corresponds to the system as described related with Fig. 2. In contrast to that, however, between each of the parallel outgoing data lines coming from the different termination points of the base station on one hand and the ATM switch AXU on the other hand, a multiplexing unit AAM CPS MUX is comprised. In this unit the different cells coming from different base station sectors are combined into the same virtual channel of an ATM cell arriving at the ATM switch.
This process is shown m Fig. 4.
The calls received m sector 1 of a given base station are named e.g. CID-1 and CID-2 and are mapped in the AAL- 2 over ATM cell coming from the termination point of sector 1. It is shown that because of the fixed length of an ATM cell some space is left free „DUMMY* which means that an only partially filled cell is transmitted from sector 1. Accordingly, from sector 2 only one call-ID (CID-3) is transmitted which means that even more of the ATM cell is transmitted unfilled. The same refers to the calls coming from sector 3 as also shown m Fig. 4. After the multiplexing process in unit AAM CPS MUX, ATM cells are transmitted which are completely filled because the space available m a given cell is filled with the remaining payload originating from another cell coming from a different radio sector. For example as shown in fig. 4, the first cell coming from sector 1 is filled up with the data coming from sector 2 (CID-3) until the first cell is filled and the rest of the information of CID-3 is mapped into the second ATM cell after which the rest of this second cell is filled with the traffic coming from sector 3. Therefore, the number of CID's used m a single ATM VCC is now significantly larger because it combines calls coming from different base stations sectors. Moreover, the dummy information contained before in the AAL-2 cells at the UTOPIA interface between the BS sectors and the multiplexing unit is removed.
Even if the time delay used for the coding of the AAL cells within the base station sectors is kept small m order to allow a low maximum delay, the occupancy rate of the ATM cell processed to the ATM switch, e.g. after multiplexing, is very high. By this the efficiency of the bandwidth usage of the system is significantly increased.
Fig. 5 shows the corresponding protocol stack for the multiplexing unit according to the present invention.
In the lower part of Fig. 5 the first three layers (PHY, ATM, CPS, AAL-2 Muxing) of the multiplexing unit are shown. These three layers are used by all instances of the upper layers, which are provided for each incoming data line individually.
The upper layers comprise the CPS AAL-2 layer and the SSC AAL-2 layer as well as radio interface protocol layers.

Claims

1. Telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol comprising a variety of base stations (BS) communicating with each other via a central Radio Network Controller
(RNC) by an ATM based data connection via an IUB interface, whereby at least one of the base stations (BS) is comprising a variety of radio sectors (l,2,3,...n) with physically distributed AAL-2 based termination points (TP) , each termination point having a AAL-2 over ATM structure where different call ID's are mapped into respective ATM virtual connections (ATM/VC) under the control of a control unit timer (CU-timer) having a determined delay time, all AAL cell streams being sent parallel to each other to an ATM switching unit (AXU) via an UTOPIA interface, characterized in, that the ATM switching unit comprises a multiplexing unit (AAM CPS MUX) for multiplexing AAL-2 connections of the different termination points (TP) into one single ATM virtual connection to be processed by the ATM switch.
2. Telecommunication network according to claim 1, characterized in, that both the AAL-2 stream coming from the individual radio sectors and the multiplexed AAL-2 stream have independent CU-timers.
3. Telecommunication network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in, that each of the channels of the sectors have different bandwidths.
4. Telecommunication network according to one of the proceedings claims, characterized in, that the multiplexing unit (AAM CPS MUX) has a switchable bypass line.
5. Telecommunication network according to claim 4, characterized in, that the multiplexing unit (AAM CPS MUX) is of plug-m type.
6. ATM switch for a telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol comprising a variety of base stations
(BS) communicating with each other via a central Radio Network Controller (RNC) by an ATM based data connection via an IUB interface whereby at least one of the base stations (BS) is comprising a variety of radio sectors (l,2,3,...n) with physically distributed AAL-2 based termination points, each termination point having a AAL-2 over ATM structure where different call ID's are mapped into ATM virtual connections (ATM/VC) under the control of a control unit timer (CU-timer) having a determined delay time, all AAL cell streams being sent parallel to each other to an ATM switching unit (AXU) via an UTOPIA interface, characterized in, that the ATM switching unit comprises a multiplexing unit (AAM CPS MUX) for multiplexing AAL-2 connections of the different termination points TP into one single ATM virtual connection to be processed by the ATM switch.
7. Method for data processing in a telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol, the network consisting of a variety of basis stations communicating with a central radio network controller via an IϋΕ interface in which the data connection between the base stations and the RNC controller uses ATM based broadband data traffic, whereby at least one of the base stations generates AAL over ATM data streams corresponding to the termination points of different radio sectors within one cell (base station), the different call ID's within the same sector being mapped into AAL-2 over ATM streams with a given delay time under control of a control unit timer, and whereby all ATM cell streams of the different sectors of one base unit are sent in parallel to an ATM switching unit via an UTOPIA interface, characterized in, that parallel incoming AAL-2 connections of the different termination points of one base station are multiplexed into one single ATM cell virtual connection before being processed by the ATM switch.
PCT/EP1999/007210 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based termination points WO2001024570A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99948893A EP1236374B1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based termination points
PCT/EP1999/007210 WO2001024570A1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based termination points
AU61978/99A AU6197899A (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Telecommunication network using the w-cdma protocol with aal-2 based terminationpoints
DE69941989T DE69941989D1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK USED THE W-CDMA PROTOCOL WITH AAL-2 BASED NETWORK COMBINATION UNITS
US10/070,969 US7522612B1 (en) 1999-09-29 1999-09-29 Telecommunication network using the W-CDMA protocol with AAL-2 based termination points

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