WO2001020785A1 - An integrated vco switch - Google Patents
An integrated vco switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001020785A1 WO2001020785A1 PCT/SE2000/001728 SE0001728W WO0120785A1 WO 2001020785 A1 WO2001020785 A1 WO 2001020785A1 SE 0001728 W SE0001728 W SE 0001728W WO 0120785 A1 WO0120785 A1 WO 0120785A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vco
- switch
- integrated
- frequency
- integrated vco
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
- H03B5/1215—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J5/00—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner
- H03J5/24—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection
- H03J5/242—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection used exclusively for band selection
- H03J5/244—Discontinuous tuning; Selecting predetermined frequencies; Selecting frequency bands with or without continuous tuning in one or more of the bands, e.g. push-button tuning, turret tuner with a number of separate pretuned tuning circuits or separate tuning elements selectively brought into circuit, e.g. for waveband selection or for television channel selection used exclusively for band selection using electronic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to automatic control of frequency or phase and to synchronisation
- H03L2207/06—Phase locked loops with a controlled oscillator having at least two frequency control terminals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an integrated VCO, preferably in a radio ASIC.
- a stable frequency In a radio ASIC there is a need for a stable frequency to move information up and down in frequency.
- This stable frequency is normally generated by locking an unstable VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) to a very stable reference fre- quency, e.g. 13MHz, using a PLL (Phase Locked Loop)-circuit.
- VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
- PLL Phase Locked Loop
- the other input II of the phase detector 150 strives for having the same frequency.
- the VCO must run at a frequency of 72 multiplied by 13MHZ equals 936MHz, since the divider divides the signal from the VCO by a factor 72.
- the output signal III of the VCO is a very stable 936 MHz-signal, which could be used for the GSM-band.
- the integration of the VCO on the ASIC will cover a major part of the ASIC area, and since the area cost is the main part of the total ASIC cost it is important to minimise it. It should be realised that up to now the inductor in the resonator circuit of the VCO has always been implemented outside the ASIC-circuit since it was not possible to make sufficiently good inductors on the chip. Thus, the invention deals with a new inventive area, i.e. how to implement the whole VCO including the inductor of the resonator inside the ASIC-circuit.
- a problem when integrating a VCO on an ASIC is that there are no external components, which could be used to trim the frequency of the VCO. Therefore, the VCO tuning range has to be large enough to cover all component spread and temperature variations.
- the phase noise of the VCO in- creases, which implies bad noise performance of the VCO.
- Another problem is that if a large band is to be covered, it may be necessary to use two separate VCO:s, which of course will consume a lot of space on the radio ASIC.
- the object of the present invention is to solve these problems.
- the above object is achieved by means of an integrated VCO, preferably in a radio ASIC, wherein a switch is arranged for switching the frequency of the VCO between arbitrary frequency bands to be able to perform frequency band switching and/or frequency tuning.
- the present invention uses only one VCO for both bands saving lots of valuable space on the ASIC.
- band switch for the VCO is software controlled implying that no manual trimming is required.
- the trimming is carried out by the mobile phone itself.
- the switch of the invention points out the importance of having a slow diode, i.e. a diode with a large transit time. This is achieved with a collector-base junction in a bipolar process as is claimed in claim 8.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the switch for the VCO is disclosed in claim 10 and 11, wherein the switch is on when the diodes are forward biased and off when the diodes are reverse biased acting as varicaps.
- the switch for the VCO could be controlled by means of a logic circuit via a wireless communication link, e.g. Bluetooth.
- the switch is integrated with the VCO.
- Fig. 1 illustrates the VCO-function in a PLL
- Fig. 2 discloses a schematic view of the switching function of the present invention
- Fig. 3 illustrates an implementation of the VCO in the present invention
- Fig 4 is a preferred implementation of the switch in the present invention.
- Fig. 2 discloses in general terms the switching function in the resonator 100 of the integrated VCO.
- the coils 10, 20 are coupled in parallel with the capacitor 30, the varicaps 40, 50 and the switching means 60, 70, 80, 90.
- the switching means 60, 70 is closed the capacitors 80, 90 are connected to the resonator implying a higher capacitance in the resonator, which in turn results in a lower frequency.
- the switching means is open, the capacitors 80, 90 are disconnected from the resonator implying a lower capacitance in the resonator, which results in a higher frequency.
- the switching means in the present invention is used for moving the frequency from one arbitrary frequency band to another arbitrary frequency band.
- the switching means in the VCO moves the frequency between the DCS-band ( 1800- 1900 MHz) and the PCS-band (1900- 2000 MHz).
- the switching means is also used for trimming the centre frequency of the VCO. This means that if the VCO frequency is slightly deviating from the centre frequency, the switching means 60, 70, 80, 90 trims the VCO frequency back to the centre frequency.
- the switching means 60, 70, 80, 90 of the VCO integrated in a radio ASIC is externally software controlled from a logic circuit via a data bus.
- both the radio ASIC and the logic circuit are arranged on the same PCB (printed circuit board) in a mobile telephone.
- the ASIC and the logic circuit could be arranged in an arbitrary electrical machine such as for example a computer.
- the ASIC could also be controlled from a separate electrical device via a wire based or wireless communication link.
- An external device could for example use the communication protocol Bluetooth to control the switching means for performing band switching or fine tuning of the VCO in the ASIC.
- the centre frequency of the VCO could be switched, the tuning range of the same VCO could be reduced. This would improve the noise performance of the VCO and the VCO would be able to cover multiple frequency bands.
- the ideal situation is to switch in a capacitor 80, 90 into the resonator using a switch 60, 70, the impedance of which varies between zero and infinity. It is important that the ratio between on- and off- impedance is large in order not to reduce the tuning range of the VCO and not to reduce the Q-value of the resonator.
- the Q-value is defined as quotient between the reactive power and the inserted power of the resonator.
- FIG. 3 discloses an integrated VCO 130 according to the present inven- tion.
- the VCO comprises a differential stage 140 (active part) and a resonator 120.
- the resonator contains inductors 1 10, coupling ca- pacitors 210, 240, resistors 170 and varicaps 220, 230.
- a varicap is defined as a voltage controlled capacitance.
- Figure 4 discloses an implementation of the switch of the invention corresponding to the switching means 60, 70, 80, 90 in figure 2.
- a slow diode 60, 70 is used as a switch component as can be seen in figure 4.
- Using a slow diode means that it has a large transit time. Such a diode is normally present in a bipolar process in the collector-base junction.
- the diodes 60, 70 are forward biased and the capacitance of the diodes is proportional to the current through the diodes and the transit time of the diodes. In order to get a large capacitance, the product of the current and the transit time has to be large. To reduce the current consumption of the switch 60, 70, 80, 90 it is important to have a large transit time of the diodes.
- the series resistance of the diodes has to be low in order not to reduce the Q-value of the resonator. A large diode area gives a low series resistance.
- the diodes 60, 70 of are reverse biased and the diodes act as varicaps.
- the capacitance of the varicaps is proportional to the area and this has to be small in order to make the capacitance of the varicaps much smaller than the coupling capacitance.
- the two area requirements give a trade-off when selecting diode size.
- the switch 180, 60, 70, 80, 90 in figure 4 discloses an implementation of the switching function for the VCO 130 in a radio ASIC, which has been successfully tested in the laboratory.
- the switch 180 integrated in the radio ASIC comprises a control part 190 (differential stage) and a switching part 200.
- the band switch is represented by the coupling capacitors 80, 90 and the diodes 60, 70, which are externally controlled by a logic circuit via Bsel and Bsel_bar, respec- tively.
- Bsel Bsel_bar determine the switching of the centre frequency of the VCO in figure 3.
- a logic circuit (base-band ASIC, not shown) arranged outside the radio ASIC controls the switch 180, 60, 70, 80, 90 by applying a specific predetermined voltage on these nodes.
- the switch in the ASIC or integrated in the VCO is software controlled from said logic circuit via a data bus.
- the nodes Out and Out_bar, respectively of the switch in figure 4 are connected to the nodes Out and Out bar of the VCO in figure 3.
- a predetermined capacitance 80, 90 will be switched in or out, via nodes Out and Out bar, in parallel with the resonator 120 of the VCO 130 chang- ing the frequency band of the VCO.
- the VCO is integrated in a radio ASIC arranged in a mobile terminal.
- the switch 180, 60, 70, 80, 90 in the ASIC is electri- cally controlled by a base band ASIC through a bus between the two ASIC:s.
- the frequency band switch 180, 60, 70, 80, 90 mentioned above is most useful in an integrated VCO.
- This switch is preferably dimensioned to switch the frequency bands between DCS and PCS. It is of course possible to have several different switches for tuning and switching the frequencies between other bands than PCS or DCS.
- switches 180, 60, 70, 80, 90 are very small and the IC-process is unchanged, which implies that the excess costs are very small.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00963207A EP1216507A1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-07 | An integrated vco switch |
JP2001524243A JP2003509942A (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-07 | Integrated VCO switch |
AU74655/00A AU7465500A (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-07 | An integrated vco switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9903271A SE519489C2 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 1999-09-13 | VCO switch |
SE9903271-6 | 1999-09-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001020785A1 true WO2001020785A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
Family
ID=20416976
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2000/001728 WO2001020785A1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-07 | An integrated vco switch |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1216507A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003509942A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1199354C (en) |
AU (1) | AU7465500A (en) |
MY (1) | MY122738A (en) |
SE (1) | SE519489C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001020785A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1598936A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-23 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Japan, Inc. | Variable capacitance circuit having on/off switch for variable capacitance function, and voltage controlled oscillator using the variable capacitance circuit |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8253506B2 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-08-28 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Wideband temperature compensated resonator and wideband VCO |
US9673755B1 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-06-06 | Cognitive Systems Corp. | Controlling a switched capacitor bank in a voltage controlled oscillator for wireless sensor devices |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4259744A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1981-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Signal generator |
US4523157A (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1985-06-11 | Nippon Kogaku K. K. | PLL out-of-capture range detection and lock acquisition circuit |
EP0519892A2 (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | A multi-loop controlled VCO |
EP0660517A2 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-06-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Voltage controlled oscillator (VC0) with symmetrical output and logic gate for use in same |
EP0806837A2 (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 1997-11-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Semiconductor integrated circuit operable as a phase-locked loop |
WO1998051014A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-12 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Dual band phase locked loop using independent charge pumps |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07202638A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Voltage controlled oscillator |
-
1999
- 1999-09-13 SE SE9903271A patent/SE519489C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-08-23 MY MYPI20003872 patent/MY122738A/en unknown
- 2000-09-07 JP JP2001524243A patent/JP2003509942A/en active Pending
- 2000-09-07 WO PCT/SE2000/001728 patent/WO2001020785A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-09-07 EP EP00963207A patent/EP1216507A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-07 CN CNB008128405A patent/CN1199354C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-07 AU AU74655/00A patent/AU7465500A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4259744A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1981-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Signal generator |
US4523157A (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1985-06-11 | Nippon Kogaku K. K. | PLL out-of-capture range detection and lock acquisition circuit |
EP0519892A2 (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | A multi-loop controlled VCO |
EP0660517A2 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-06-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Voltage controlled oscillator (VC0) with symmetrical output and logic gate for use in same |
EP0806837A2 (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 1997-11-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Semiconductor integrated circuit operable as a phase-locked loop |
WO1998051014A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-12 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Dual band phase locked loop using independent charge pumps |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1598936A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-23 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Japan, Inc. | Variable capacitance circuit having on/off switch for variable capacitance function, and voltage controlled oscillator using the variable capacitance circuit |
US7279994B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2007-10-09 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Japan, Inc. | Variable capacitance circuit having on/off switch for variable capacitance function, and voltage controlled oscillator using the variable capacitance circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9903271D0 (en) | 1999-09-13 |
SE519489C2 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
SE9903271L (en) | 2001-03-14 |
JP2003509942A (en) | 2003-03-11 |
MY122738A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
CN1373931A (en) | 2002-10-09 |
AU7465500A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
EP1216507A1 (en) | 2002-06-26 |
CN1199354C (en) | 2005-04-27 |
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