WO2001012758A1 - Production plant for natural gas hydrate - Google Patents
Production plant for natural gas hydrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001012758A1 WO2001012758A1 PCT/AU2000/000973 AU0000973W WO0112758A1 WO 2001012758 A1 WO2001012758 A1 WO 2001012758A1 AU 0000973 W AU0000973 W AU 0000973W WO 0112758 A1 WO0112758 A1 WO 0112758A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- water
- production plant
- flow path
- plant according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/243—Tubular reactors spirally, concentrically or zigzag wound
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
- B01F25/4331—Mixers with bended, curved, coiled, wounded mixing tubes or comprising elements for bending the flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00105—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids part or all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00177—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pH
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a production plant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a production plant for the production of natural gas hydrates.
- Natural gas hydrates are a stable solid comprising water and natural gas, and have been known to scientists for some years as a curiosity. More recently, natural gas hydrates have become known as a nuisance if not a serious concern in the transportation and storage of liquefied natural gas, particularly in cold climates. This has been due to the tendency of hydrates to form in pipelines thereby blocking the flow of liquefied natural gas through the pipelines.
- Natural gas hydrates are formed as a result of the combination of water and gas at relatively moderate temperatures and pressures, with the resulting solid having the outward characteristics of ice, being either white or grey in colour and cold to the touch. At ambient temperatures and pressures natural gas hydrates break down releasing natural gas.
- natural gas hydrates can have a variety of diverse applications, including as a means for enabling the convenient transport and storage of natural gas. It is one object of the present invention to provide a production plant for the convenient manufacture of natural gas hydrates.
- the present invention resides in a natural gas hydrate production plant comprising a natural gas inlet, a water inlet, a flow path and an outlet, the natural gas inlet delivering pressurised natural gas to the flow path and the water inlet delivering pressurised water to the flow path, wherein the flow path is convoluted such that passage of the pressurised natural gas and water through the flow path mixes the water and natural gas before the water natural gas mixture is expelled through the outlet, and the temperature of the water and natural gas reduced, to produce natural gas hydrate.
- the flow path comprises a plurality of first portions alternating with a plurality of second portions, the second portions being located at a lower level than the first portions.
- the present invention resides in a natural gas hydrate production plant comprising a natural gas inlet, a water inlet, a flow path and an outlet, the natural gas inlet delivering pressurised natural gas to the flow path and the water inlet delivering pressurised water to the flow path, wherein the flow path comprises a plurality of first portions alternating with a plurality of second portions, the second portions being located at a lower level than the first portions such that passage of the pressurised natural gas and water through the flow path mixes the water natural and gas before the water natural gas mixture is expelled through the outlet, and the temperature of the water and natural gas reduced, to produce natural gas hydrate.
- the water and natural gas mixture is equilibrated or substantially equilibrated before being expelled through the outlet.
- the flow path is particularly effective at mixing the water and natural gas, as the water, being more dense than the natural gas, tends to reside longer in the lower portions of the flow path whilst the lighter natural gas is forced therethrough.
- the flow path is of a swirling configuration. More specifically, the flow path may be of a spiral configuration. In a highly specific form of the invention, the flow path is provided in the form of a horizontal helical spiral.
- the flow path is of a substantially sinusoidal configuration.
- the flow path is adapted to provide a turbulent flow.
- the turbulent flow is such that the dominant velocity component is in the azimuthal direction.
- the flow path is provided with internal means to impart a spiralling motion to the water and natural gas flowing therethrough.
- the flow path is internally rifled.
- the flow path is provided in the form of a length of wide-bore piping.
- the residence time of the natural gas and water in the flow path is at least one minute.
- a mixing apparatus may be provided immediately upstream of the flow path to produce an intimate admixture of water and natural gas.
- a corrugated mixer is provided immediately upstream from the convoluted flow path.
- the outlet is adapted to mediate a rapid pressure reduction of the water and natural gas as it is expelled therethrough.
- the outlet mediates a reduction in pressure from at least 70 bar to near atmospheric pressure.
- the outlet mediates a reduction in pressure from in excess of about 140 bar to near atmospheric pressure.
- the outlet mediates a decrease in pressure from about 145 bar to near atmospheric pressure.
- the outlet is provided in the form of a Joule-Thompson nozzle.
- the outlet is heated to reduce the possibility of blockage.
- the outlet finely divides the water and natural gas as it is expelled therethrough.
- the outlet atomises the water and natural gas as it is expelled therethrough.
- the production plant still further comprises an additive introduction assembly for the introduction of additives beneficial to the formation of natural gas hydrates to the process stream.
- the production plant further comprises a capture vessel to receive the output from the outlet.
- the capture vessel is maintained at a reduced temperature.
- the capture vessel comprises a collection means for collecting hydrate.
- the collecting means is, formed from a screening medium adapted to retain solid material whilst allowing fluid material to pass therethrough.
- the invention also resides in a method of forming natural gas hydrates, the method comprising the steps of:- introducing water and natural gas into a flow path at elevated pressure wherein the flow path comprises a plurality of first portions alternating with a plurality of second portions, the second portions being located at a lower level than the first portions such that passage of the pressurised natural gas and water through the flow path mixes the water and natural gas; and
- passage of the natural gas and water through the flow path causes the mixture of such to equilibrate or substantially equilibrate.
- the outlet is adapted to mediate a rapid pressure reduction, thereby reducing the temperature of the natural gas water mixture.
- the gas and water are mixed at pressures exceeding approximately 70 bar.
- the gas and water are mixed at pressures exceeding approximately 140 bar.
- the gas and water are mixed at a pressure approximating 145 bar.
- the outlet mediates a decrease in pressure to approximately near atmospheric pressure.
- the method of the present invention may comprise the additional step of introducing one or more additives to the flow path and mixing the natural gas, the water and the or each additive.
- the mixture is caused to substantially equilibrate or equilibrate.
- the pressure differential across the Joule-Thompson nozzle may decrease, particularly when the Joule-Thompson nozzle is in communication with a closed capture vessel. Accordingly, where the method of the present invention is employed by way of a production plant incorporating a heated Joule- Thompson nozzle, the method of the present invention may comprise the additional step of:
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a plant according to the first embodiment.
- Figure 2 is a representation of an extended, convoluted flow path according to the embodiments.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a natural gas hydrate production plant 10 according to the embodiment, for producing natural gas hydrates according to the method of the embodiment.
- the production plant 10 comprises an inlet 1 1 incorporating an in-line gas filter in the form of an activated carbon filter 12, a regulator 13 and a liquid knock out vessel 14.
- a supply of natural gas is introduced through the liquid knockout vessel 14 and the activated carbon filter 12, thereby removing liquid and non- liquid impurities therefrom.
- the pressure of the natural gas is increased to about 145 bar by way of a gas pressurising means in the form of a compressor 16.
- a gas pressurising means in the form of a compressor 16.
- the gas is then passed through a cooling coil 18.
- a by-pass valve 20 allows gas to be passed directly to the cooling coil 18, and a ventilation valve 22 allows gas to be ventilated directly from the cooling coil 18 to the environment.
- a high-pressure gas storage vessel 24 is located immediately downstream from the cooling coil 18.
- the production plant 10 further comprises a water inlet, incorporating a joining tee 26, and a liquid pressure booster in the form of a pump 28.
- the joining tee 26 is adapted to deliver water downstream from the cooling coil 18, and immediately downstream from the high pressure gas storage vessel 24.
- the pump 28 is in communication with a water supply 30 and, in cooperation with the joining tee 26, ensures that water is introduced downstream from the cooling coil 18 at elevated pressure.
- an additive inlet 32 In controlled communication with the water supply 30, upstream from the liquid pressure booster 28, is an additive inlet 32 in communication with an additive source 33.
- the additive inlet 32 and the additive source introduce additives beneficial to the production of natural gas hydrates, such as those described in our co-pending application entitled "Natural Gas Hydrate And Method For Producing Same" to the water supply to create an additive-water mixture.
- a water monitoring system 34 is further provided and is capable of measuring water salinity and water pH, and is used to monitor the production plant 10 of the embodiment.
- the additive-water mixture is introduced to the cooled, compressed natural gas downstream from the high pressure gas storage vessel 24, and immediately upstream from a mixing apparatus in the form of a corrugated mixer 36.
- the water-additive-gas stream flows to a flow path in the form of a length of wide bore piping 38, where the water-additive-gas stream is substantially equilibrated.
- the wide bore piping 38 is of a substantially sinusoidal configuration, having high portions 38a, and low portions 38b.
- the wide bore piping 38 is particularly effective at mixing the water and natural gas as the water, being more dense than the liquefied gas, tends to reside longer in the low portions 38b whilst the lighter gas component is forced therethrough.
- the wide bore piping 38 slows the flow of the water-additive-gas stream, increasing residence times allowing more effective mixing.
- the wide bore piping 38 is of a length and diameter to provide a residence time of approximately one minute.
- the substantially equilibrated gas-additive-water mixture at a pressure of approximately 145 bar is then forced through an outlet adapted to atomise and to mediate a reduction in the pressure of the gas-additive-water mixture to near atmospheric pressure, in the form of a heated Joule-Thompson nozzle 40.
- the rapid pressure reduction causes rapid cooling, and the production of natural gas hydrate.
- the production plant 10 further comprises a capture vessel 42 in communication with the Joule-Thompson nozzle 40, the capture vessel 42 being maintained at a temperature of approximately -6°C by way of a refrigeration unit 44, whilst the Joule-Thompson nozzle 40 is initially maintained at a temperature of approximately 65°C.
- the capture vessel 42 in turn comprises a separation means for separating hydrate from unreacted gas in the form of an intermediate vessel 46 of mesh, adapted to retain solid material whilst allowing fluid to pass therethrough.
- the capture vessel is further provided with an automated over pressure relief valve 48, and a manual pressure adjustment valve 49.
- any unreacted natural gas resumes a gaseous state, and is readily separated from unreacted water.
- the unreacted water may be sampled by way of the water monitoring means 34.
- the production plant 10 further comprises a gas monitoring means in the form of a gas chromatograph 50 and a sampling means 52.
- the unreacted gas may be sampled, from the capture vessel 42 by way of the sampling means 52, and analysed by the gas chromatograph 50.
- the unreacted gas is recycled to the liquid knockout vessel 14, by way of a gas return line 54.
- the gas return line 54 is provided with a manual pressure adjustment means 56.
- the high-pressure gas storage vessel 24 is intended to assist in restoring the production plant 10 to operating pressure.
- the high-pressure gas storage vessel 24 stores gas pressurised by the compressor 16. Once the production plant 10 is resealed after depressurisation, the contents of the high- pressure gas storage vessel 24 may be released to assist in the re-pressurisation of the plant 10, considerably reducing down-time.
- a production plant (not shown).
- the production plant of the second embodiment is similar to the production plant 10.
- the capture vessel of the production plant of the second embodiment is adapted to maintain a substantially constant pressure.
- a production plant (not shown).
- the production plant of the third embodiment is similar to the production plant 10 and the production plant of the second embodiment.
- the capture vessel of the production plant of the third embodiment is adapted to maintain a pressure that varies periodically between an upper level and a lower level.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00951117A EP1409618A4 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2000-08-15 | Production plant for natural gas hydrate |
AU64171/00A AU777346B2 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2000-08-15 | Production plant for natural gas hydrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPQ2283A AUPQ228399A0 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 1999-08-17 | Production plant |
AUPQ2283 | 1999-08-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001012758A1 true WO2001012758A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
Family
ID=3816458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2000/000973 WO2001012758A1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2000-08-15 | Production plant for natural gas hydrate |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1409618A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AUPQ228399A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001012758A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7152431B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2006-12-26 | Shell Oil Company | Removing contaminants from natural gas |
CN112250036A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 常州大学 | Continuous preparation device and preparation method of hydrogen hydrate |
CN112844275A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-05-28 | 东北石油大学 | Reaction kettle for preparing layered multistage hydrate slurry and preparation method |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3514274A (en) * | 1965-02-18 | 1970-05-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Transportation of natural gas as a hydrate |
WO1993001153A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1993-01-21 | Jon Steinar Gudmundsson | Method for production of gas hydrates for transportation and storage |
GB2309227A (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-23 | British Gas Plc | Gas hydrate production |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5741758A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1998-04-21 | Bj Services Company, U.S.A. | Method for controlling gas hydrates in fluid mixtures |
-
1999
- 1999-08-17 AU AUPQ2283A patent/AUPQ228399A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-08-15 WO PCT/AU2000/000973 patent/WO2001012758A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-15 EP EP00951117A patent/EP1409618A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3514274A (en) * | 1965-02-18 | 1970-05-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Transportation of natural gas as a hydrate |
WO1993001153A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1993-01-21 | Jon Steinar Gudmundsson | Method for production of gas hydrates for transportation and storage |
GB2309227A (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-23 | British Gas Plc | Gas hydrate production |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1409618A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7152431B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2006-12-26 | Shell Oil Company | Removing contaminants from natural gas |
CN112250036A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 常州大学 | Continuous preparation device and preparation method of hydrogen hydrate |
CN112250036B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-04-11 | 常州大学 | Continuous preparation device and preparation method of hydrogen hydrate |
CN112844275A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-05-28 | 东北石油大学 | Reaction kettle for preparing layered multistage hydrate slurry and preparation method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1409618A4 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
AUPQ228399A0 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
EP1409618A1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
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