WO2001005038A1 - Procede de generation de contenu de distribution, procede et appareil pour distribution de contenu, et procede de transcodage - Google Patents
Procede de generation de contenu de distribution, procede et appareil pour distribution de contenu, et procede de transcodage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001005038A1 WO2001005038A1 PCT/JP2000/004644 JP0004644W WO0105038A1 WO 2001005038 A1 WO2001005038 A1 WO 2001005038A1 JP 0004644 W JP0004644 W JP 0004644W WO 0105038 A1 WO0105038 A1 WO 0105038A1
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- Prior art keywords
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/80—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
- G06F16/84—Mapping; Conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
- H04L65/611—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/04—Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
- H04N21/2353—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors specifically adapted to content descriptors, e.g. coding, compressing or processing of metadata
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/854—Content authoring
- H04N21/8543—Content authoring using a description language, e.g. Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding Expert Group [MHEG], eXtensible Markup Language [XML]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1101—Session protocols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distribution content generation method, a content distribution method and apparatus, and a code conversion method.
- the present invention relates to digital data distribution technology such as satellite digital broadcasting, multimedia and content communication, and more particularly to a technology for distributing digital data composed of computer language instructions.
- the present invention relates to a digital data distribution technology for distributing digital data in a markup language (eg, XML (extensible Markup Language)) using arbitrarily definable tags. It relates to digital data distribution that improves the transmission efficiency of distribution content composed of text data such as scripts and the execution efficiency on the receiving side.
- a markup language eg, XML (extensible Markup Language)
- XML extensible Markup Language
- Digitization of data is being rapidly promoted in the broadcasting technology field.
- Digital signals have better stability and higher data compression ratios than analog signals.
- digital signals can secure more channels than analog signals in a certain band regardless of cable, terrestrial wave, or satellite wave.
- each information of document, voice, and video is completely different, but by digitizing the broadcast data, it can be transmitted without being separated.
- EPG Electronic Program Guide
- VTR Video Transmission Control Protocol
- digital format data that includes functions such as recording reservations to VTRs is highly compatible with information devices other than television, such as general-purpose computer systems.
- a satellite broadcast tuner card is attached to a general-purpose computer system, the received EPG data is analyzed in the computer, the program guide is displayed in a window on the computer display, and program switching and Recording reservations can be realized by mouse / power operation.
- the interactivity of the broadcast program can be enhanced.
- the satellite TV transmitter / receiver ie, the viewer
- the computer's display By transmitting the answer together with the video and audio data, the satellite TV transmitter / receiver (ie, the viewer) can use the computer's display.
- An answer menu and buttons are provided for the user, and the answer can be made in response to an answer operation by a mouse, a pointing device such as a cursor, or a device.
- home television receivers can be expected not only to handle video content but also to leap as information control towers.
- a television receiver can be an Internet terminal or an e-commerce terminal.
- ARIB Radio Telecommunications Industry Association
- Digital satellite data broadcasting in addition to the video and audio data (AV data) that make up the main body of a satellite broadcast program, the digital transmission data accompanying the broadcast program is also included.
- AV data video and audio data
- the digital transmission data accompanying the broadcast program is also included.
- Transport and stream configured by multiplexing an AV data compressed by a predetermined compression method such as MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) 2 and a digital transmission data. (Described later) in the form of broadcast waves.
- the broadcast program information included in the digital transmission data is the aforementioned EPG (Electric Program Guide: electronic program information).
- the broadcast program information can include information specific to the broadcast program itself, such as the title and date of the broadcast program itself, and program casting.
- the type and data structure of the broadcast included in the broadcast program information are systematized to some extent according to the services provided by the program itself. For example, information on menus and ingredients in a cooking program, the status of votes that are updated from time to time in an election breaking news program, personal performances and team rankings for each player's batting and pitching in professional baseball broadcasting.
- Broadcast program information is displayed on the digital satellite data broadcast receiving system (hereinafter simply referred to as “receiving system”) using a partial area of the display screen that displays and outputs the broadcast program itself.
- This receiving system usually consists of a receiver (set, top box: STB) that receives, selects, and decodes broadcast waves, and a television that displays and outputs, and is installed in ordinary households. You.
- distributed content As digital transmission data (hereinafter referred to as “distribution content”) will be described with reference to FIG.
- the distributed content integrates various mono-media such as still images, moving images, and audio, and various types of mono-media data.
- Display / output control program that handles broadcast program information (Hereinafter also referred to as “multimedia coding application”).
- Display and output control programs can incorporate reference (link) information for each mono-media data.
- MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group
- MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group
- MHEG is a description language that defines data attributes, displays multimedia contents on a TV, and allows viewers to extract desired information in video-on-demand (VOD) and digital TV broadcasting. Such applications are assumed. In some cases, such as Japanese CS digital broadcasting (SKYPerfecTV), MHE G-5 is already used.
- VOD video-on-demand
- MHE G-5 is already used.
- MHEG has a fixed coding space and lacks expandability. In other words, since the coding must be described using only a uniquely defined coding space, even if one function (such as API (Application Catching Interface)) is changed, considerable modification work is required. Cost. In addition, MHEG has low general recognition, and the content described in MHEG is not widely distributed. In this sense, affinity with general-purpose computers is relatively low.
- API Application Catching Interface
- ARIB (described above) is studying standardization work for overnight broadcasting based on XML (eX tended Markup Language).
- XML is more advantageous than MHEG because it has a high degree of freedom because the tag definition is arbitrary, that is, there is no restriction on how to describe the attributes, and it has a high affinity with general-purpose computers and the Internet. It is listed as.
- XML is a policy as a description language for the next-generation Internet. It is also being decided.
- XML is used in the standard language of digital satellite broadcasting
- digital broadcasting data can be exchanged between a wide variety of information devices such as computers, televisions, and telephones.
- HTML which specializes in layout specification, because the attributes of tags can be arbitrarily defined. For this reason, use in various fields including e-commerce is also rapidly progressing.
- each tag data delimited by the tag can be expressed as data that has a meaning other than a mere display purpose. Furthermore, by defining the structure of the tag, it is possible to structure and describe the XML document or the data in the document.
- ARIB is promoting the standardization of digital satellite data broadcasting based on XML. More specifically, work is being done on “Basic XML” and “Advanced XML”, which is an extension of Basic XML.
- Basic XML specifies that a presentation format for expressing an XML instance on a display is described using tags.
- the rule that defines the description method of attribute information is a rule called DTD (Document Type Definition).
- DTD Document Type Definition
- the attribute information defined by the tag is fixed, and no DTD is required.
- the DTD can be defined arbitrarily.For example, the DTD can be uniquely defined for each industry. You.
- the tag attribute information referred to here includes, for example, information necessary for each device to understand the meaning of the content and process each other when connected between heterogeneous devices such as a television receiver and a computer. included.
- the XML instance itself may not contain style information about the representation.
- the expression method of the XML instance is described by a “style sheet” which is a document file different from the DTD.
- a style sheet is, for example, a document file that converts an XML instance to a format that can be displayed and output on a display-screen (or a print output format for printing).
- Style sheets for XML instances are in particular in the language of “XSL (extensible Stylesheet Language)”, in the language of “CSS (Cascade Stylesheet)”, or a derivative standard of “XSLT (XSL Transformation)”. "Language.
- the same DTD content can be expressed in a completely different format by changing the font and its size and color.
- the style sheet is sent as a separate file from the DTD.
- a language called a script different from XML or XSL in the XML instance or style sheet The operation can also be defined by Such a script is described in a script language such as JavaScript, ECMAScript,] script, etc.
- a script language such as JavaScript, ECMAScript,] script, etc.
- standards such as XML and XSL specify that the script is basically described in ECMAScript ("" ECMAScript is a scripting language standardized by the European Computer Industry Association (ECMA) Delivery content consisting of XML documents includes, for example, DTD documents and style sheets in addition to XML documents.
- the XML document may not include the DTD document, or the style sheet may be sent at a different timing from the distribution of the XML document.
- the description language of the distribution content is not necessarily limited to XML, and may be in other markup language formats such as SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) or HTML.
- SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
- HTML HyperText Markup Language
- the URI Uniform Resource Identifier
- the broadcast data is called the mono-media position information in the module.
- the receiving system side which may be embedded in the XML document itself, parses the received XML instance using a parser called an XML parser.
- the XML parser analyzes the structure of the DTD document and the XML instance and outputs a document object.
- This document object is a structured document in which a tree structure is formed according to the tags in the original XML document.
- the display function of the receiving system determines the layout on the screen, etc., and enables display output on the display.
- data content such as an XML document or a script is converted from an original text format to a binary (binary representation) format. It is also conceivable to transmit the data after compressing it overnight.
- TC PZ IP Transmission Control Protocol
- the Internet has a history of using text-based content distribution to create an environment that does not depend on the type of terminal or software.
- the problem here is the size of text-de-night as the distribution content. This is because the load on the transmission line increases in proportion to the data size, and the transmission efficiency decreases.
- a large-capacity buffer / memory must be prepared to receive a large amount of data, which leads to an increase in cost.
- the time required for loading the memory becomes longer, and the execution efficiency is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent data distribution technique capable of improving the transmission efficiency of content distribution composed of text data.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a first aspect of the present invention is a method of generating distribution content,
- the distribution content generation method further includes a method of distributing the post-replacement distribution content. May be temporarily stored.
- system reserved words as the less redundant character strings may be excluded. If the system reserved words are extracted and replaced with other characters or character strings, the original meaning of the script, that is, the change of the operation content specified by the script, is changed. Because it would be unacceptable.
- the distribution content generation method further includes a step of extracting a sentence composed of a character or a character string that is not involved in a process executed on the distribution content receiving side, and a step of deleting the extracted sentence.
- a sentence composed of characters or character strings that are not involved in the processing described here corresponds to, for example, a comment sentence delimited by a predetermined delimiter.
- the distribution content generation method further includes a step of integrating the appearance frequency in the script for each of the characters or character strings extracted in the step of extracting the highly redundant characters or character strings.
- the character or character string with a higher appearance frequency may be replaced with a character or character string with a shorter number of characters. . The higher the frequency of appearance, the shorter characters or character strings are represented, and the more effective the data compression becomes.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a content distribution method or apparatus for distributing content composed of a plurality of data modules, the content distribution method or device comprising a plurality of characters or character strings, and a content described in a script language format. Evening ⁇ A step or means for searching inside the module to extract highly redundant characters or character strings;
- a content distribution method or apparatus comprising: a step or means of storing a data module after replacement; and a step or means of distributing the stored data module.
- the highly redundant characters or character strings mentioned here correspond to, for example, function names and variable names.
- the step or means for replacing the highly redundant character or character string with a less redundant character or character string may exclude the use of a system reserved word as the less redundant character string. This is because extracting system reserved words and replacing them with other characters or character strings involves changes in the original meaning of the original script, that is, changes in the operation contents specified by the script, which is unacceptable.
- the content distribution method or apparatus further comprises: a step or means for extracting a sentence composed of characters or character strings that are not involved in processing executed on the distribution content receiving side; It may include a step or means for deleting the sentence.
- a sentence composed of characters or character strings that are not involved in the processing here corresponds to a comment sentence delimited by a predetermined delimiter.
- the content distribution method or apparatus further comprises a script for each of the characters or character strings extracted in the step of extracting the highly redundant characters or character strings. Including steps or means for integrating the frequency of appearance of
- the step or means for replacing the highly redundant character or character string with a less redundant character or character string may be such that a character or character string with a higher frequency of occurrence is replaced with a character or character string with a shorter number of characters. .
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method for converting a source code composed of a plurality of characters or character strings having a meaning related to computer processing
- the character string with high redundancy here corresponds to, for example, a function name or a variable name.
- the system reserved word as a less redundant character string may be used. You may be made to exclude use of. Extracting system reserved words and replacing them with other characters or character strings would involve changes in the original meaning of the original script, that is, the contents of the operation specified by the script, which is unacceptable. is there.
- the code conversion method further comprises: a step of extracting a sentence consisting of a character or a character string not involved in the execution of the code in the source code; A step for deleting a sentence may be included.
- a sentence composed of characters or character strings that are not involved in the execution of the code here corresponds to a comment sentence separated by a predetermined delimiter.
- the code conversion method further comprises: a frequency of appearance in a script for each of the characters or character strings extracted in the step of extracting the highly redundant characters or character strings.
- the step or means for replacing the highly redundant character or character string with a less redundant character or character string may be such that a character or character string with a higher frequency of occurrence is replaced with a character or character string with a shorter number of characters. .
- the present invention provides digital satellite data broadcasting with broadcast programs.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to digital transmission data to be transmitted, in particular, data files described in a text format among the transmission data.
- the module that composes digital transmission data integrates various types of mono-media data such as still images, moving images, and audio with each type of mono-media data.
- it is treated as a multimedia and consists of a display and output control program (hereinafter, also referred to as “multimedia coding application”) that defines the state of the broadcast program information.
- One of the files in this module which is composed of text format data, is a display / output control program whose content is a markup description language (XML or S GML, HTML, etc.).
- the other text format data included in the module is a script that specifies the operation of the media data such as voice, still image, and moving image.
- Scripts can be described in a scripting language such as JavaScript ECMAScr ipt, JScr ipt (standards such as XML and XSL specify that they are basically described in ECMAScr ipt).
- the display / output control program itself described in the XML format or the like specifies the information to be displayed or printed out on the screen itself, and any change in the text / data content means the meaning of the data itself (that is, specified by the program). Is unacceptable because of the change in the behavior.
- the present invention has been made in view of the redundancy included in the script described in the text format.
- the present invention reduces the data size of a script by replacing function names and variable names, which consist of relatively long strings in the script, with shorter strings (for example, one alphabetic character). Is what you do. It also reduces the data size by deleting comment statements in the script.
- the names of functions and variables in the script are named by the creator of the script for convenience in order to maintain the readability of each function and variable, and are relatively long enough to have human-understandable meaning. Consists of a string.
- the comment statement is embedded in the source code to note the function of each part in the script (for example, a routine statement), but does not contribute to the realization of the script function itself.
- Function names, variable names, and comment statements consisting of these long strings have meaning up to debugging, but need not have human-readable meaning after debugging.
- one-way content distribution such as satellite data broadcasting
- replacing function or variable names in a script with other short strings or removing comments makes it harder for people to interpret the meaning of the source code. I can hardly say.
- the transmission data size can be reduced, and transmission efficiency can be improved during distribution.
- the receiving station since the receiving station has a reduced receiving data size, it is only necessary to prepare a relatively small-capacity receiving memory, which leads to cost reduction.
- the character string lengths of function names and variable names in the script are minimized, the size of the function table and the variable table allocated to the memory by the interface executing the script can be reduced. This results in less overhead when calling functions and variables. In other words, the script execution efficiency is improved, and the memory capacity can be reduced to reduce the cost of the receiver. Receiver users (ie, viewers) can expect faster system response due to improved execution efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a satellite digital broadcasting system 100 provided for carrying out the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of the broadcasting station 1, that is, a transmission system.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a hardware configuration of a receiving system 10—A in the receiving station 10 (that is, a general home), and more specifically, an STB (Set Top ').
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a receiving system 10-A implemented in a form called a “box”.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a hardware configuration of a receiving system 10-B according to another example. More specifically, a general-purpose computer-system includes a tuner card for satellite digital broadcasting.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of a receiving system 10-B implemented in a form in which the receiving system is provided.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the hierarchical structure of various software programs executed in the digital broadcast data receiving system 10.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a state where broadcast content is transferred from broadcast station 1 to receiving station 10 via broadcast satellite 5.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of broadcast content propagated as a broadcast wave.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of a module constituting digital transmission data.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing routine for converting a script.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram comparing the source code of the script before and after executing the conversion processing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a separately defined script replacement processing routine (step S30).
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing another example of the processing routine for converting the scribing.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of distribution content as a digital transmission data.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a satellite digital broadcasting system 100 used for carrying out the present invention.
- the satellite digital broadcasting system 1000 is composed of a broadcasting station (Broadcast Server) 1 that provides a broadcasting service, a broadcasting satellite (Satellite) 5 that relays broadcasting data, and broadcasting from a broadcasting satellite 5. It consists of a receiving station (Receiver / Decoder) 10 that receives data.
- Broadcasting station 1 is one or more on the ground, and broadcasting satellites 5 are scattered far above the earth.
- the receiving stations 10 correspond to ordinary homes and the like, and are actually innumerable on the ground.
- Data distribution via the broadcasting station 1 and the broadcasting satellite 5, that is, broadcasting is one-way communication.
- the data is transmitted overnight at a transmission rate of 10 to 50 Mbps.
- the broadcast station 1 multiplexes and distributes the AV data constituting the broadcast program main body and the digital transmission data including the program information accompanying the broadcast program.
- AV data is usually transmitted after being compressed in MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) 2 format.
- Digital transmission data includes various types of mono-media such as text, still images, moving images, and audio, as well as the “multimedia coding application” which is a program that controls the display and output of these mono-media data.
- the module consisting of is stored as a data cal cell.
- the multimedia coding application is described in the XML (extensible Markup Language) language format and includes a DTD document that defines the format of the document and a scroll sheet described in a language format such as XSL (however, DTD documents and / or style sheets may not be included in the distribution content).
- each module contains a script that specifies the operation of audio, still images, and moving images.
- a wide area network such as the Internet is connected between each receiving station 10 and broadcasting station 1.
- the Internet 7 can be used as an uplink from the receiving station 10 to the broadcasting station 1.
- the Internet 7 it is possible to provide a partial on-demand broadcast service using Internet7.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the configuration of the broadcasting station 1, that is, the transmission system.
- the transmission system 1 includes a production unit 100, a transmission unit 200, and a transmission unit 300.
- a production unit 100 for producing signals
- a transmission unit 200 for transmitting signals
- a transmission unit 300 for transmitting signals
- each part will be described.
- the production unit 100 corresponds to a site where the content of a broadcast program is produced.
- the production unit 100 produces an XML document that describes the contents of the broadcast, a script that specifies the operation of the XML document, and information such as the AV data that is the main body of the broadcast program. It is stored in a single-capacity mass storage device 102 and 103.
- the XML document and the script correspond to the resources of each module that makes up the digital transmission data (see later and FIGS. 7 and 8). These digital transmission data are subjected to editing processing such as coding dabda on the editing system 101.
- the editing system 101 may be a general-purpose computer system called a workstation or a personal computer.
- the XML document is a markup language using arbitrarily definable tags (described above), and may be accompanied by a DTD document that defines the document type.
- the XML document in this case is the data body for output at the receiving station 10.
- a script defines the operation of an XML document and is a text file written in a script language such as JavaScript, ECMAScript, or JScript. (Standards such as XML and XSL basically use ECMAScript. Stipulated to be described in).
- the digital transmission data may include multimedia contents such as audio data and still image data in addition to the XML document and the script.
- These distribution contents produced and stored in the production unit 100 are transferred to the transmission unit 200 via, for example, a LAN (Local Area Network) installed in the broadcast station 1.
- LAN Local Area Network
- the sending data is bucketed by each of the content transmitting system 201, the baseband control system 102, and the AV encoder 203, and is passed to the transmitting unit 300.
- the AV encoder 203 encodes and compresses the AV data, which is the main body of the broadcast program, using a compression method such as MPEG2.
- the content data is encoded in the multimedia encoding section 310 and passed to the content transmission section 302.
- the combining unit 304 combines the output data of the content transmission system 302 and the output data of the AV data transmission system 303.
- modulation section 305 performs RF modulation on the combined signal, and transmits the resultant signal to receiving station 10 via an RF transmission path.
- the RF signal is first transmitted from a transmission antenna installed at the broadcasting station 1 to the broadcasting satellite 5, and then received by the receiving antenna of the receiving station 10 via the broadcasting satellite 5. .
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a hardware configuration of an example 10 — A of a digital satellite broadcasting reception system installed in the receiving station 10.
- the receiving system 10 — A is, for example, STB (set 'top box' S) is widely used in ordinary households.
- the CPU 11 as the main 'controller interconnects with each hardware component via the bus 50 to perform overall control over each component. It has become.
- each part will be described.
- a broadcast wave received by an antenna (not shown) is supplied to a tuner 51.
- the broadcast wave follows a prescribed format and includes, for example, program guide information (EPG: Electric Program Guide).
- EPG Electric Program Guide
- the broadcast wave may be a cable broadcast wave or a terrestrial wave in addition to the above-mentioned broadcast waves, and is not particularly limited.
- the tuner 51 tunes a radio wave of a predetermined channel, that is, selects a channel in accordance with an instruction from the CPU 11, and outputs received data to the subsequent demodulator 52.
- the demodulator 52 demodulates the digitally modulated received data.
- the configuration of the tuner 11 can be changed or expanded as appropriate according to whether the transmitted broadcast wave is analog or digital.
- Demodulated digital data is MPEG2 compressed AV data and digital data. This is a “transport stream” composed of multiplexed transmission data.
- the former AV data is video and audio information that constitutes the broadcast program itself.
- the latter digital transmission data is data that accompanies the broadcast program itself, and includes, for example, an EPG (Electric Program Guide).
- EPG Electronic Program Guide
- the TS decoder 53 interprets this transport stream MPEG2 Separates the compressed AV data and digital transmission data, sends the former to the AV decoder 54, and sends the latter to the CPU 11 via the bus 50.
- the TS decoder 53 may have a memory for storing work data .53 A in its own mouth.
- the AV decoder 54 When the AV decoder 54 receives the real-time AV data compressed by the MPEG2 system from the TS decoder 53, the AV decoder 54 separates the compressed video data and the compressed audio data. For video data, the original video signal is played back after MPEG 2 decompression processing, and for audio data, it is decoded by PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) decoding and then combined with additional sound to play back the audio signal. And The AV decoder 54 may have its own local memory 54 A for storing work data. The reproduced video signal is displayed on the display 61 via the multiplexer 55B, and the reproduced audio signal is output on the speaker 62 via the multiplexer 55A.
- PCM Pulse Code Modulation
- the user interface control unit 56 is a module that processes input operations from the user, and includes, for example, an operation button Z switch (not shown) for direct manual operation by the user and an infrared (IR) interface.
- the remote controller has a function to accept remote operation from the remote controller. It may also include a display panel for displaying the current settings and a LED indicator (not shown).
- One of the operation buttons of the user interface control unit 56 or the operation button of the remote controller 66 is a display output from the SC display controller 57 (that is, a program based on digital transmission data). Enable / disable the output of information etc.) It is assigned to the button for operating the disable.
- the CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1 1 is a receiving system 1 0— W
- the main controller that controls the entire operation.
- the CPU 11 can process digital transmission data transferred via the bus 50.
- the digital transmission data is described in an XML (extensible Markup Language) language format (described later), and the CPU 11 uses processing software (XML parsing browsing (display output or print output)) for this XML document. (See below) can be performed on the platform provided by the Operating System ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ S).
- the RAM (Random Access Memory) 12 is a writable volatile memory used to load the execution program code of the CPU 11 and write working data of the execution program.
- ROM (Read Only Memory) 13 is a read-only memory that permanently stores the self-diagnosis and initialization programs that are executed when the receiving system 10-A is powered on, and a microcode for hardware operation. Memory.
- the serial input / output (SIO) controller 14 is a peripheral controller for serial data exchange with external devices in the receiving system 10A.
- a high-speed modem 63 (for example, a transfer rate of 56 Kbps) for modulating and demodulating transmission data on an analog telephone line is externally connected to a serial port provided by the SIO controller 14.
- the receiving system 10—A is connected to the Internet network 7 as a wide area network by connecting a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) to a predetermined access point (not shown) by the high-speed modem 63. Connected.
- the IEEE1394 interface 15 is a serial high-speed interface capable of transmitting and receiving data of several lOMBps.
- the IEEE 1394 port is connected to an external device that supports IEEE 1394. It can be connected in a chain or in a straight line. Examples of IEEE 1394 compatible devices include a video camera 64 and a scanner (not shown).
- the hard disk drive (HDD) 17 is an external storage device for storing program data and the like in a file format of a predetermined format, and usually has a relatively large capacity of about several GB. Have.
- the HDD 17 is connected to a bus 50 via a hard disk interface 18.
- the card interface 18 is a device for realizing a bus protocol between the force type device 65 loaded in the card slot 19 and the bus 50.
- An example of the card-type device 65 is a credit card-sized PC card configured in a cartridge type.
- the PC card conforms to the specification "PCC a r d Sta d a n d a d" jointly formulated by the PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Association) and JEIDA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association).
- PC card is a memory card comprising a non-volatile, erasable and rewritable memory-chip, such as an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (E-PROM).
- E-PROM electrically erasable and programmable ROM
- the receiving system 10-A is configured to be relatively small and inexpensive, it may be difficult in design to mount a large-capacity and large-capacity HDD 17. In such a case, it is presumed that it is preferable to apply a removable and highly portable memory card to the system 10-A.
- the removable memory 65 is not limited to the form factor of the PC card, and may be a so-called “memory stick” (trademark).
- the display controller 57 is used for broadcasting program information based on digital transmission data. / This is a dedicated controller for controlling the display output of information.
- the CPU 11 controls the tuning operation of the tuner 51 according to a user input command via the user interface control unit 56, and displays program information. Control and the like are performed. That is, the CPU 11 processes the digital broadcast data transferred from the TS decoder 53, converts the data into display data, and supplies it to the display controller 57. The display controller 57 generates an image signal of program information based on the display data and supplies the image signal to the multiplexer 55B. The CPU 11 also processes audio data included in the digital broadcast data and supplies the processed audio data to the multiplexer 55A via the bus 50.
- the multiplexers 55 A and 55 B respectively convert the display data and the audio data supplied from the CPU 11 with the video data and audio data as the broadcast program main body output from the AV decoder 54. It is multiplexed and externally output to each of the display 61 and the speaker 62. The processing of digital broadcast data will be described later in detail.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a hardware configuration of a digital broadcast data receiving system 10-B according to another example.
- the receiving system 10 -B according to this example is implemented, for example, in a form in which a general-purpose computer “system 30” is equipped with a digital “tuner” card 40 for satellite digital broadcasting.
- the digital tuner card 40 includes a tuner 51, a demodulator 52, a TS decoder 53, an AV decoder 54, RAMs 53A and 54A, and multiplexers 55A and 55B. Be composed.
- the hardware blocks having the same reference numbers as those shown in FIG. 3 have substantially the same configuration and function.
- This tuner for digital satellite broadcasting ⁇ The card 40 is connected to the system bus (PCI bus) 31 in the computer system 30 via a bus interface (PCI interface) 58 (shown).
- PCI bus system bus
- PCI interface bus interface
- a broadcast wave received from an antenna is selected by a tuner 51 and demodulated by a demodulator 52.
- the TS decoder 53 interprets the transport stream and separates it into MPEG-2 compressed AV data and digital data.
- the AV data is supplied to the AV decoder 54, processed as described above, and output to the display 61, the speaker 62, and the like.
- the digital transmission data is transferred to the computer system 30 via the PCI interface 58 and processed by the CPU 11 inside the system (described later).
- the general-purpose computer system 30 includes a printed wiring board (not shown) on which main circuit components such as a CPU 11 (described later) are mounted.
- the board is also called a "mother board”.
- the aforementioned tuner card 40 is provided, for example, in the form of an “adapter card”, and is mounted on a bus slot (not shown) provided on a motherboard.
- the tuner's card 40 is not an adapter 'card, but a PC card that conforms to the specifications of the PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International 1 Association) ZJEI DA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association). It is also provided in the system configuration of the computer system 30 by inserting it into the PC card slot 19 (described later).
- PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International 1 Association
- ZJEI DA Japanese Electronic Industry Development Association
- the CPU 11 is a main controller that controls the operation of the entire computer 30.
- the CPU 11 in this example is a platform provided by the operating system (OS).
- OS operating system
- the processor bus which is directly connected to the external pins of CPU 11, is interconnected to the system ⁇ bus 31 via bus bridge 20.
- the bus bridge 20 includes a data buffer for absorbing a speed difference between the processor bus and the system bus 31, a memory for the RAM 12, a memory for controlling access to the RAM 12, It has a configuration that includes a controller.
- the RAM (Random Access Memory) 12 is a writable volatile memory used for loading the execution program code of the CPU 11 and writing working data of the execution program. It usually consists of multiple DRAM (dynamic RAM) chips.
- the system bus 31 is a common signal transmission path including an address bus, a data bus, a controller, a bus, and the like.
- various peripherals conforming to the PC interface specifications are interconnected.
- An example of the peripheral device is the digital satellite broadcast tuner card 40 described above.
- Each peripheral device on the bus 31 is assigned a unique I ⁇ address (or memory address), and the CPU 11 (more strictly, the program executed by the CPU 11) By specifying the IZ address (or memory or address), the transfer of the data I command to the desired peripheral device can be realized.
- ROM (Read Only Memory) 13 is a self-diagnostic program (POST) that runs when the computer system 30 is powered on, This is a read-only memory that permanently stores the basic input / output system (BIOS) for hardware operation.
- the ROM 13 may be composed of, for example, an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM) capable of performing an electrical erasing and rewriting operation.
- EEPROM electrically erasable and programmable ROM
- the serial input / output (S10) controller 14 is a peripheral controller for performing serial data exchange with an external device of the computer system 30.
- a high-speed modem 63 (for example, a transfer rate of 56 Kbps) for modulating and demodulating transmission data on an analog telephone line is externally connected to a serial port provided by the SI @ controller 14.
- PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
- the computer's system 30 ie, the receiving system 10-B
- the Internet Connected to.
- IEEEE1394 interface 15 is a serial high-speed interface capable of transmitting and receiving data of about several OMBps.
- the IEEE1394 port can be connected to an external device compatible with IEEE1394 with a daisy-chain connection or a clear connection.
- the IEEE1394 compatible devices include, for example, a video camera 64 and a scanner (not shown).
- the hard disk drive (HDD) 17 is an external storage device for storing program data and the like in a file format of a predetermined format, and usually has a relatively large capacity of about several GB.
- the HDD 17 is connected to the system bus 33 via the hard disk interface 16.
- the keyboard Z mouse 'controller (KMC) 21 is a dedicated controller for processing user input from the keyboard 22 and the mouse 23.
- the KMC 21 issues an interrupt request to the CPU 11 in response to detecting a scan code input from the keyboard 22 or a coordinate instruction input from the mouse 23.
- the input operation to the receiving system 10 -B such as channel selection, can be performed via the keyboard 22 and the mouse 23. .
- One of the function keys of the keyboard 22 or one of the menu buttons arranged on the display 61 is used to display the output from the video controller 24 (ie, the digital output). Validation of display output of program information etc. based on transmission data) Z Assigned to the button to operate invalidation.
- the force interface 18 is a device for realizing a bus protocol between the bus 50 and the card type device 65 loaded in the card slot 19.
- An example of the card-type device 65 is a credit card-sized PC card constructed in a force cartridge type.
- the PC card conforms to the specification "PCC a r d S t a n d a r d" jointly developed by the P CMC I A (Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Association) and the JE I DA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association).
- PC card is a memory card composed of a non-volatile, erasable and rewritable memory-chip such as an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM).
- EEPROM electrically erasable and programmable ROM
- the removable memory 65 is not limited to the form factor of a PC card, and may be a so-called “memory stick” (trademark).
- the video controller 24 is a dedicated controller for controlling the screen display in accordance with the drawing command from the CPU 11, and has a frame memory (VRAM) 25 for temporarily storing drawing information.
- VRAM frame memory
- the video controller 24 must have a drawing capability equal to or higher than VGA (Video Graphics Array) (for example, SVGA (Super video Graphics Array) or XGA (extended Graphics Array; ) Is preferable.
- VGA Video Graphics Array
- SVGA Super video Graphics Array
- XGA Extended Graphics Array
- the CPU 11 controls the tuning operation of the tuner 11 according to a user input command via the keyboard 22 and the mouse 23 and displays program information. Performs control. That is, the CPU 11 processes the digital broadcasting data supplied from the TS decoder 53, converts the data into display data, and supplies the converted data to the video controller 24. The video controller 24 generates an image signal of program information based on the display data and supplies the image signal to the multiplexer 55B. The CPU 11 also processes the audio data included in the digital broadcast data and supplies the processed audio data to the multiplexer 55A via the bus 50.
- the multiplexers 55 A and 55 B respectively convert the display data and audio data supplied from the CPU 11 into video data and audio data as a broadcast program main body output from the AV decoder 54. And externally output to each of the display 61 and the speaker 62.
- the processing for digital broadcasting will be explained in detail later.
- many electric circuits and the like other than those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are required. However, since these are well known to those skilled in the art and do not constitute the gist of the present invention, they are omitted in this specification. Also, please note that only some of the connections between each hardware block in the figure are shown in order to avoid complicating the drawings.
- the receiving system 10 is a portable type such as FD (Floppy Disc: trademark), CD-R ⁇ M, MO (Magneto-0pti cal disc). It may be equipped with an external storage device such as a floppy disk drive (CDD), a CD-ROM drive, or an MO drive that can be loaded and loaded with a storage medium.
- FD Compact Disc: trademark
- CD-R ⁇ M Compact Disc
- MO Magnetic-0pti cal disc
- an external storage device such as a floppy disk drive (CDD), a CD-ROM drive, or an MO drive that can be loaded and loaded with a storage medium.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a hierarchical configuration between various software programs executed in the digital broadcast data receiving system 10.
- the functions of the software of each layer are described below.
- the hardware control layer at the bottom layer has the purpose of absorbing differences in hardware with respect to higher-level software such as the operating system ( ⁇ S), and performs direct input / output operations and hardware Executes the process corresponding to the interrupt.
- ⁇ S operating system
- the hardware control layer is a digital satellite in the form of, for example, a BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) permanently stored in ROM 13 or a “device driver” installed in HDD 17. Provided to the broadcast receiving system 10.
- BIOS Basic Input / Output System
- the operating system is basic software for comprehensively managing the hardware and software in the satellite broadcast receiving system 10.
- ⁇ S manages the recording of files on the HDD 17 “File Manager” and manages the memory space
- Subsystems such as the memory manager, the resource manager that manages the allocation of system resources, the scheduler that manages task execution, and the window system that controls the display of windows on the display. Contains.
- a system or service is a collection of functions for a higher-level program such as an application to call (call) each function to the OS.
- An API Application Programming Interface
- run-time library or dynamic link ⁇ Library is equivalent to this.
- the XML application is a program for controlling the display and output of the overnight broadcast, and is an XML document described in XML, a tagging language that can be arbitrarily defined.
- Each XML document may be accompanied by a style sheet such as a DTD document for defining the document type and an XSL document that defines the display format (or a CSS or XSLT that is a derivative of XSL).
- the XML parser is a software program that parses an XML document using a DTD document, and passes the parsed document object to an XSL processor.
- This document object is a structured document in which a tree structure is formed according to the tags in the original XML document.
- FIG. 6 a processing procedure for receiving broadcast data in the satellite data receiving system 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
- FIG. 6
- a broadcast wave is transmitted from the broadcast station 1 to the broadcast satellite 5 and transferred from the satellite 5 to the receiving station 10.
- the content of this transmitted broadcast wave is It consists of video and audio data (AV data) that make up the main body of the program, and digital transmission data attached to the main body of the broadcast program.
- AV data video and audio data
- Fig. 7 schematically shows the structure of broadcast content propagated as broadcast waves.
- broadcast content is multiplexed with AV data compressed by a predetermined compression method such as MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) 2 and digital transmission data as a “transport-stream”.
- MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group
- transport-stream The transport stream is classified in the transport layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference modal).
- OSI Open Systems Interconnection
- the TS decoder 53 interprets the transport stream and separates the stream into an AV data portion and a digital transmission data portion.
- the AV data part is processed by the AV decoder 54, and the digital transmission data part is processed by the CPU 11.
- the digital transmission data part is composed of a plurality of modules.
- Each module contains EPG, advertisement information, and other various information attached to the broadcast program itself.
- the digital transmission data portion is converted into a digital image data (rotating horse-type data), and each module appears repeatedly during the broadcast of the program itself (as a result, the receiving system as a viewer).
- the module can be obtained at an arbitrary timing during the program broadcasting period, and the cache memory can be omitted.
- an automatic start flag for synchronizing with the display output time of the module can be embedded in the AV data that has been compressed by MPEG2.
- Fig. 8 schematically shows the module's data structure.
- one module consists of a control program (multimedia coding application) that regulates the display and output of data broadcasting, a script that regulates operation, audio, text data, and still images. It consists of multiple resource elements, such as video, monomedia such as video, and data. Each monomedia 'data is an object that forms part of the data broadcast, and is handled by multimedia coding applications in an integrated manner.
- Each resource element constituting the module is an independent file having a predetermined format.
- the audio data is described in an audio-only file format such as, for example, AIFF, WAV, and AAC, and the still image is described in an image-specific file format such as JPEG PNG, GIF.
- the first resource / location information describes the position information of each resource element in the module.
- the “Multimedia Coding Application” is a program that controls the display and output of EPG, advertising information, and other data broadcasts attached to the broadcast program itself, and is described in XML (extensible Markup Language) format.
- XML extensible Markup Language
- XML application the language is not necessarily limited to the XML language, and may be described in another markup language format such as SGML or HTML.
- An XML document may include a DTD document that defines the document type. Further, since the XML document does not include style information for specifying the actual expression format, a style sheet may be attached.
- a style sheet is a data file that specifies the actual presentation format of an XML document as output content (and may also include other multimedia content such as audio and still images).
- the scroll sheet is described in an XSL (extensible Stylesheet Language) format for converting the XML document into a format for display output on the display 61 (or a print output format to a printer (not shown)).
- Document file In addition to the style sheet, a script that specifies the operation of multimedia content composed of various types of monomedia data such as audio, text, still images, and moving images may be distributed. It is described in script languages such as lavaScript, ECMAScript, Jscript, etc. However, in standards such as XML and XSL, it is basically stipulated to be described in ECMAScript.)
- contents described in a standard XML language are transmitted in a form that includes an XML document and a style sheet unless the style sheet used is limited. Is done.
- the digital transmission data portion of the broadcast content includes the transmission of only the XML document itself, in addition to the content including the output content (XML document) and the style sheet (XSL document or CSS document). It is also assumed that only XSL documents are transmitted.
- XSL documents are distributed / distributed by means other than broadcasting, such as file download via networks such as the Internet, FD, CD-ROM, MII, Memory Stick (trademark), etc. It can be supplied and carried on a portable storage medium.
- the receiving system 10 separates and stores the supplied XML document and XSL document (or CSS document or the like).
- the HDD 17 (or the memory card 65) that stores these supplied document files stores only XML documents (however, DTD documents may be included).
- Section 80 and a style sheet storage section 90 that stores and manages only XSL documents as style sheets Is provided.
- each module constituting the digital data transmission device includes two files composed of text format data. .
- One of them is a data file for output, and its contents are described in a markup description language (XML, HTML, etc.) in which attributes are defined by tags.
- the other text format data included in the module is a script that specifies the operation of each person's media data such as audio, still images, and moving images.
- This script is described in a script language such as, for example, JavaScript, ECMAScript,] Script (standards such as XML and XSL specify that the script is basically described in ECMAScript).
- the script is a description of the processing procedure to be executed by the software in a text format. Usually, a series of processing combining an operation procedure that can be controlled by an end user on an application or a computer is performed. Used for automation.
- the output data itself described in the XML format or the like specifies the information itself to be displayed on the screen or printed out, and it is difficult to change the contents of the text data.
- the names of functions, variables, and comments contained in the script source code contain redundancy and are fatal in terms of transmission efficiency.
- the script creator manually writes the names of functions and variables. It is named for convenience such as readability (or according to personal preference), and has nothing to do with the operational functions defined by the script itself. In other words, these function names and variable names are interchangeable with other character strings while maintaining the operation function of the script itself.
- the comment text has nothing to do with the execution of the script and can even be omitted.
- the present invention has been made in view of the redundancy included in the script described in such a text format. In short, the present invention reduces the data size of scripts by replacing relatively long strings of function and variable names that exist in the script with shorter strings (for example, one alphabetic character). Is what you do. It also reduces the data size by deleting comment statements in the script.
- Fig. 9 shows the processing routine for converting a script file in text format in the form of a flowchart.
- This script / file conversion processing routine is executed, for example, by the program creator in the broadcasting station 1 (more specifically, on the editing system 101 of the production unit 100 (see FIG. 2)). Is performed after digital transmission data creation is completed.
- each step of this flowchart will be described.
- step S10 a character string with low redundancy (hereinafter, referred to as "applicable character") to be replaced with a character string with high redundancy, and a variable i are set to initial values.
- one alphabetic character is used in ascending order as an applicable character.
- the applicable character starts at A and reaches Z, the number of characters is increased by 1 in the ascending order, such as A A, AB, AC,..., Z Z, A A A,.
- the ECMAS cript also has a rule that reserved words start with a lowercase letter. Therefore, the script to be processed is ECMAS If it is described in the crit format, matching with the reserved words of ECMAS cript can be easily eliminated by specifying that the applicable characters start with an uppercase letter. Therefore, in this case, it is not necessary to determine whether the applicable character matches a reserved word of the script (step S23 in FIG. 12: described later).
- step S12 the script to be processed is scanned, a character string with high redundancy is extracted, and the character string is listed.
- the character string with high redundancy here is, for example, a function name or a variable name. These are more verbose as a result of using meaningful words to enhance human readability during coding and debugging.
- function names and variable names can be extracted from a script according to the following rules. That is,
- the first element of the list (that is, the original function name or variable name) is extracted (step S14), and an application character is applied to this element to obtain a new function name or variable name.
- the correspondence with the applicable character is stored in the correspondence table (step S16).
- the created correspondence table is as shown in [Table 1] described later.
- step S18 it is determined whether or not the applicable character has reached a character string consisting of Zn, that is, only Z (however, the number n of character strings is represented by a power of n).
- step S 20 If the result of the decision block is negative, proceed to step S 20, and update the applicable character to the next character string in the ascending order of the alphabet . If the judgment result is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S22, and the applicable character is increased by one according to the ascending order of the alphabet (for example, if the applicable character is Z, the character is updated to AA and ZZ is used. Update to AAA if you can).
- step S24 i is incremented by 1 and the process proceeds to the next element in the list.
- step S26 it is determined whether or not unprocessed elements remain in the list. If an unprocessed entry remains, the process returns to step S14, and the same processing as described above is repeatedly executed for the next element.
- the process proceeds to the subsequent script replacement processing routine (S30).
- the script size is reduced by replacing redundant character strings such as function names and variable names in the original script with application characters having low redundancy. Then, the entire processing routine ends.
- step S30 The script replacement process of step S30 is a separately defined processing routine, and FIG. 11 shows the processing procedure in the form of a flowchart.
- step S31 one entry is extracted from the correspondence table (refer to [Table 1]).
- step S32 the entry is extracted from the original script. Take out one sentence.
- the sentence here refers to the character string in the section from a blank to the next blank or the next line feed position, and does not include a blank.
- step S33 it is determined whether the variable name or the function name specified by the entry exists in the sentence. If the determination result is negative, the next step S34 is skipped. If the determination result is positive, the variable name or function name is replaced with the corresponding applicable character in step S3.
- step S35 it is determined whether or not the sentence is a comment sentence. P00 / 046 Separate. If the script is in the ECMAS cript format, the comment sentence is a character string after the delimiter 7 / "to the next line feed position. If the determination result is positive, the process proceeds to step S36, where the comment sentence is changed. Remove from the script.
- step S37 acquisition of the next sentence is attempted, and in step S38, it is determined whether or not the last sentence has been reached. If a sentence still remains, the process returns to step S32, and the same processing as described above is repeatedly executed for the next sentence.
- step S39 it is determined whether or not the last entry in the correspondence table has been reached. If any entries remain, the process returns to step S31, and the same processing as described above is repeatedly executed for the correspondence defined by the next entry. If all the correspondences have been processed, the entire processing routine ends.
- This script conversion process is preferably executed when the script is created in the production unit 100, and the converted script is preferably stored in the large-capacity storage device 102 as a resource.
- the module size of the resource changes, so it may be necessary to rebuild the module. Therefore, it is better to perform the conversion process when creating the script. (For example, if one module is divided into two or more modules and stored before conversion due to the restrictions on the module length, the conversion processing must fit into a single module length.
- FIG. 10 compares the source code of the script before and after executing the conversion process shown in FIG.
- this script is EC MAS cript (ECA / IA S cript is a scribing language standardized by the European Computer Industry Association) and is an excerpt of a part of a program, not a complete program Please understand the point.
- the string immediately following the reserved word "function” (eg, "buildArray”) is the function name, and is replaced by a shorter string.
- the assigned string on the left-hand side corresponds to the variable name, and is similarly replaced by a shorter string.
- the variables defined in the script have been described, the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a variable as a manipulator for manipulating the attributes of encoded display data in a document such as XML or HTML can be similarly replaced with a short character string.
- the character string up to the end of the line starting with delimiter 1-7 is a comment sentence.
- variable and function names in the original source code are replaced with single alphabetic characters and comment statements are removed. Also, as can be seen in the figure, the amount of code is greatly reduced and the transmission efficiency is greatly improved.
- the script execution system can handle the script in the same way without regard to whether or not the size reduction processing has been performed. It is preferable that the character string length of the function name and the variable name in the script be minimized from the viewpoint of the execution efficiency in the receiving system 10. because
- the size of function tables and variable tables allocated to memory by the interpreter executing the script can be reduced. As a result, overhead when calling a function or a variable is reduced.
- the script conversion processing routine shown in Fig. 9 the function size and variable name that were redundant because of readability were converted into a short character string without redundancy, that is, the applicable character, and the size of the script was changed. Can be suitably compressed.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a scribing conversion routine different from that shown in FIG. 9 in the form of a flowchart.
- this flowchart the point of this data compression efficiency is shown. I have taken into account. That is, a step S13 for re-sorting the elements in the list was inserted between step S12 and step S14. That is, in this step S13, each element in the list is re-sorted in descending order of appearance frequency in the script.
- a character or a character string having a higher appearance frequency is replaced with a character or a character string having a shorter number of characters, and the effect of data compression is enhanced.
- step S 23 it is further determined whether or not the updated applicable character is a system reserved word (step S 23). If there is, it returns to step S18 and excludes it from the target of character string conversion. If converted to a reserved word, the original meaning of the original script, that is, the action specified by the script, This is because it is unacceptable because it is changed.
- Function names and variable names in the script are named by the script creator for the sake of convenience in order to maintain the readability of each function name and variable name, and are relatively long with human-understandable meaning. Consists of a character string. In addition, the comment sentence does not contribute to the realization of the function itself, because it is embedded in the source code to note the function of each part in the script (for example, routine statement).
- Function names, variable names, and comment statements consisting of these long strings have meaning up to debugging, but need not have human-readable meaning after debugging.
- one-way content distribution such as satellite broadcasting
- the function code or variable name in the script is replaced with another short string, or the comment statement is deleted, and the source code loses human readability, there is almost no adverse effect. is there.
- transmission data size can be reduced, and transmission efficiency is improved during distribution.
- the present invention When the present invention is applied to the distribution of digital data such as digital satellite broadcasting, the amount of data of a style sheet described in a text format can be reduced without changing the processing content. As a result, the broadcasting station that is the content distributor can improve the transmission efficiency of the distribution content while maintaining the conventional style sheet creation work. Also, on the receiving station side, since the size of the received data decreases, it is only necessary to prepare a relatively small-capacity receiving memory, which leads to cost reduction.
- the broadcasting station that distributes the script does not change the meaning and content of the script before and after conversion, the receiving side can drive the script using existing interpretation software. In other words, no extra software development is required.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US09/786,878 US7308508B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2000-07-12 | Distribution contents forming method, contents distributing method and apparatus, and code converting method |
EP00946267A EP1115207A4 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2000-07-12 | DISTRIBUTION CONTENT GENERATION METHOD, CONTENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD AND APPARATUS, AND TRANSCODING METHOD |
US11/903,924 US7653752B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-09-25 | Distribution contents forming method, contents distributing method and apparatus, and code converting method |
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JP19848399A JP4776050B2 (ja) | 1999-07-13 | 1999-07-13 | 配信コンテンツ生成方法、コンテンツ配信方法および装置、並びに、コード変換方法 |
JP11/198483 | 1999-07-13 |
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US09/786,878 A-371-Of-International US7308508B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2000-07-12 | Distribution contents forming method, contents distributing method and apparatus, and code converting method |
US11/903,924 Continuation US7653752B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-09-25 | Distribution contents forming method, contents distributing method and apparatus, and code converting method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001005038A1 true WO2001005038A1 (fr) | 2001-01-18 |
Family
ID=16391874
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PCT/JP2000/004644 WO2001005038A1 (fr) | 1999-07-13 | 2000-07-12 | Procede de generation de contenu de distribution, procede et appareil pour distribution de contenu, et procede de transcodage |
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US (2) | US7308508B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1115207A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4776050B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1321362A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001005038A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7308508B1 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
CN1321362A (zh) | 2001-11-07 |
EP1115207A4 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
JP4776050B2 (ja) | 2011-09-21 |
US7653752B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
US20080028101A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
JP2001028585A (ja) | 2001-01-30 |
EP1115207A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
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