WO2000076392A1 - Thermometre clinique du type auriculaire - Google Patents
Thermometre clinique du type auriculaire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000076392A1 WO2000076392A1 PCT/JP2000/003781 JP0003781W WO0076392A1 WO 2000076392 A1 WO2000076392 A1 WO 2000076392A1 JP 0003781 W JP0003781 W JP 0003781W WO 0076392 A1 WO0076392 A1 WO 0076392A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- main body
- probe
- ear thermometer
- ear
- holding
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 210000000613 ear canal Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 73
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 77
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- NHUHCSRWZMLRLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfisoxazole Chemical compound CC1=NOC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1C NHUHCSRWZMLRLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005224 forefinger Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004932 little finger Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015541 sensory perception of touch Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/025—Interfacing a pyrometer to an external device or network; User interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
- G01J5/049—Casings for tympanic thermometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/07—Arrangements for adjusting the solid angle of collected radiation, e.g. adjusting or orienting field of view, tracking position or encoding angular position
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ear thermometer that measures eardrum temperature by detecting infrared radiation emitted from the eardrum.
- Ear-type thermometers have been proposed that measure the temperature of the eardrum by measuring the infrared radiation emitted from the eardrum in a non-contact manner using an infrared sensor.
- An ear thermometer generally has the following configuration. That is, the ear thermometer has a main body and a probe that protrudes outward from the main body and is inserted into an ear hole (external ear canal) when measuring eardrum temperature. Inside the main unit, an infrared sensor that detects infrared light that has entered the probe from the eardrum when the probe is inserted into the ear canal, and a microcomputer that calculates the eardrum temperature based on the detection result of the infrared sensor are mounted. The eardrum temperature calculated by the microcomputer is displayed on a display provided in the main body.
- the user When measuring the eardrum temperature, the user holds the main unit, inserts the probe into the ear canal of the subject, and then presses the measurement start switch. Then, the infrared ray sensor detects the infrared ray from the eardrum, and the microcomputer displays the eardrum temperature based on the detected infrared ray on the display. The user can recognize the body temperature of the subject by referring to the eardrum temperature displayed on the display.When measuring the eardrum temperature, the user holds the main body and connects the probe. The posture at the time of measurement is taken by entering the ear canal.
- the conventional ear thermometer has been devised so that the user can easily hold the main body.
- the ear thermometer disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,993,424 (hereinafter referred to as "Prior art 1”) has a gang grip provided on its body, and the user can use the gang grip. By gripping, the posture at the time of measurement can be easily taken.
- an ear thermometer disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-118303 hereinafter referred to as "Prior Art 2" has an ear-shaped body provided with an arc-shaped portion pressed against a human body. It is possible to hold the thermometer in a stable state.
- the infrared sensor In order to properly measure the eardrum temperature of the subject, it is necessary for the infrared sensor to appropriately detect infrared rays from the eardrum. For this reason, the infrared sensor is located on the center axis of the probe inside the main body, and faces the eardrum when the probe is inserted into the ear hole, and the infrared radiation radiated from the eardrum passes through the infrared sensor through the probe. To be reached.
- the above-mentioned conventional ear thermometer has the following problems.
- the probe cannot be moved in the direction that blocks the infrared light that should reach the infrared sensor, so that the probe is fixed to the main body so that the relative position to the infrared sensor is kept constant in an appropriate state.
- the opening of the ear canal and the eardrum are not arranged on the same straight line when the head is viewed from the side, and the eardrum is located, for example, on the occipital region (head) rather than the opening of the ear canal. On the back of the head) or on the face (front of the head). Also, for some people, the ear canal is curved rather than straight.
- the direction from the opening of the ear canal toward the eardrum (the direction in which the eardrum can be seen from the opening) and the way the ear canal bends from the opening to the eardrum vary from person to person. For this reason, depending on the subject, after inserting the probe into the ear canal, it may be necessary to change the direction in which the probe is inserted into the ear canal according to the position of the eardrum so that the infrared sensor faces the eardrum. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ear thermometer that can hold a main body in a manner corresponding to the position of the eardrum of a subject. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ear thermometer that can hold the body in a plurality of ways to change the direction in which the probe is inserted into the ear canal according to the position of the subject's eardrum. It is another object of the present invention to provide an ear thermometer that allows a user to recognize a plurality of types of holding methods of a main body prepared according to a direction in which a probe is inserted into an ear canal. Disclosure of the invention The present invention employs the following configurations in order to solve the above-described problems.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides a main body that is held by hand during measurement of eardrum temperature, is fixed to the main body in a state of protruding from the main body, and is inserted into the external auditory canal of the subject during measurement.
- a main body having a side where the probe protrudes from the main body and a side opposite to the main body, and a side opposite to a side where the probe protrudes from the main body is a reference including a central axis of the probe.
- the ear thermometer is characterized by having a curved surface having a substantially constant curvature in a direction perpendicular to the plane.
- the side opposite to the side where the probe protrudes from the main body can be constituted by, for example, a curved surface whose end surface is substantially arc-shaped when cut along a plane perpendicular to the reference plane.
- a main body which is held by hand during measurement of eardrum temperature, a probe which is fixed to the main body in a state protruding from the main body, and which is inserted into an ear canal of a subject at the time of measurement.
- the main body has an index for allowing a user to recognize a plurality of ways of holding the main body in accordance with a direction in which the probe is inserted into an external auditory canal of a subject.
- the user can recognize a plurality of ways of holding the main body.
- the user can change the direction in which the probe is inserted by holding the main body in any of a plurality of ways according to the index. This allows the probe to be inserted in an appropriate direction according to the position of the eardrum, so that the body temperature of the subject can be measured appropriately.
- the operator of the ear thermometer is referred to as “user”, and the person whose eardrum temperature is measured by the ear thermometer is referred to as “subject”.
- the main body further includes a switch for starting measurement of the eardrum temperature which is commonly used for the plurality of types of holding of the main body, and an index is provided on a surface of the switch. It may be configured as follows.
- the index may be arranged on a reference plane including the central axis of the probe. Further, the index may be arranged on both sides of the reference plane.
- the main body has a side where the probe protrudes from the main body and an opposite side thereof, and the opposite side of the side where the probe protrudes from the main body has a curvature in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane substantially. It may be configured to have a constant curved surface.
- the second aspect is a method in which the index is set to the plurality of types of holding of the main body, and the probe is inserted in a direction from the opening of the ear canal toward the back side of the subject.
- the first way of holding the main body, and the second way of holding the main body when the probe is inserted in the direction from the opening of the ear canal toward the subject's front side May be configured to allow the user to recognize this.
- the second aspect may be configured such that a user recognizes an arrangement position of a part of a hand, which is a reference of each manner of holding, with respect to the body, with respect to how to hold the plurality of types of the body.
- the part of the hand that is used as a reference for holding the main body is, for example, the palm of a finger or a mother and child ball, but it is particularly preferable to use the index finger.
- the indicator may be, for example, an affixed configuration, a printed configuration, a projection, or a depression. May be.
- each index in the second embodiment can be provided depending on how the main body is held.
- each index is It can also be configured to consist of a combination of a plurality of indices provided according to the direction.
- a main body which is held by hand during measurement of eardrum temperature, a probe which is fixed to the main body so as to protrude from the main body, and which is inserted into an ear canal of a subject at the time of measurement.
- An ear thermometer comprising: a plurality of measurement start switches provided corresponding to a plurality of ways of holding the main body in accordance with a direction in which the probe is inserted into an external auditory meatus of a subject.
- at least one of the plurality of switches may be arranged on a reference plane including a center axis of the probe, and the plurality of switches include a center axis of the probe.
- the main body has a side where the probe protrudes from the main body and an opposite side thereof.
- the opposite side of the side where the probe protrudes from the main body has a curved surface having a substantially constant curvature in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane. It may be composed of
- a main body which is held by hand when measuring eardrum temperature, a probe which is fixed to the main body so as to protrude from the main body, and which is inserted into an ear canal of a subject at the time of measurement. It has a shape that is commonly used for a plurality of ways of holding the main body in accordance with a direction in which the probe is inserted into an external auditory canal of a subject, and which allows a user to recognize the plurality of ways of holding the main body.
- An ear thermometer characterized by including a measurement start switch.
- the measurement start switch may be arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to a reference plane including the center axis of the probe.
- the main body has a side where the probe protrudes from the main body and an opposite side thereof, and the opposite side of the side where the probe protrudes from the main body has a substantially constant curvature in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane. It may be configured with a curved surface.
- a main body which is held by hand during measurement of eardrum temperature, a probe which is fixed to the main body so as to protrude from the main body, and which is inserted into an ear canal of a subject at the time of measurement.
- the main body uses a plurality of types of holding methods according to a direction in which the probe is inserted into an ear canal of a subject.
- An ear thermometer characterized by having an index surface for allowing a person to recognize.
- the index surface may be composed of a plurality of surfaces, and the plurality of surfaces may be arranged substantially plane-symmetrically with respect to a reference plane including the central axis of the probe. Further, the index surface is composed of a plurality of substantially planes, and the plurality of substantially planes are arranged along a direction orthogonal to the reference plane, and the adjacent substantially planes have an inner angle of 10 ° to 170 °. It may be configured to be connected in a state where it is formed.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a method of using the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of how to use the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of how to use the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiments 3 and 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiments 3 and 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a thermometer, FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a modification of the ear thermometer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the first 2 figure is a block diagram of the ear thermometer according to an embodiment 9 of the present invention
- the first FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the ear thermometer according to the embodiment 1 0 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 1 (a)
- FIG. 1 (c) is in accordance with the X-X line shown in FIG. 1 (a).
- FIG. 3 is an end view when the main body 1 is cut.
- an ear thermometer measures the body temperature of a subject by measuring the eardrum temperature of the subject. It has a probe 2, a measurement start switch 3 as a measurement start switch, and an indicator 4.
- the main body 1 has a longitudinal direction (direction of the reference plane F) and a short direction (a direction orthogonal to the reference plane F), and further has a front side (corresponding to the side opposite to the side where the probe protrudes). And a rear side (corresponding to the side where the probe protrudes), and is configured by joining the front side member 1a and the rear side member 1b.
- the main body 1 is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to a reference plane F including the central axis L 1 of the probe 2.
- the front-side member 1a is formed in a dome shape whose one end in the longitudinal direction is larger in curvature than the other end, and has a surface shape in the short direction of the main body 1 (a direction orthogonal to the reference plane F). ), A curved surface with a substantially arcuate end surface when cut at any part in the longitudinal direction (corresponding to a curved surface with a substantially constant curvature in the direction perpendicular to the reference plane) It has been.
- Fig. 1 (c) shows, for example, a case where the front side member 1a is cut along a plane containing X-X rays along the short direction (direction perpendicular to the reference plane F). An end face of the end face is illustrated, and the end face shape is a substantially arc shape.
- a circular first opening 1c is provided at one end of the front member 1a.
- the first opening lc has a ring-shaped outer edge 1d formed so as to fall into the inside of the front member 1a.
- a second opening 1e is provided in an intermediate portion of the front side member 1a.
- the probe 2 has both ends open and the base end is formed in the shape of a truncated cone having a diameter larger than that of the end, and the base end is fixed to the main body 1. It protrudes obliquely outward from one end of b. As a result, when the ear thermometer is viewed from the front, the proximal end of the probe 2 is 1 protrudes outward from one end in the longitudinal direction.
- the probe 2 may be formed integrally with the main body 1 or may be configured to be detachable.
- the switch 3 has a circular planar shape and is connected to the outside through the first opening 1c. It is exposed. An index 10 is formed on the surface of the switch 3 by embossing.
- the index 10 is arranged on the reference plane F, and the user can recognize the left side and the right side of the main body 1 by visually recognizing and touching the index 10. That is, the index 10 is provided to allow the user to recognize and execute a plurality of ways of holding the main body 1.
- the display 4 is fitted in a second opening 1e (not shown) of the front side member 1a, and a rectangular display surface constituted by an LCD (liquid crystal display) is exposed to the outside.
- a rectangular display surface constituted by an LCD (liquid crystal display) is exposed to the outside.
- thermopile 6 and a microcomputer 7 are provided inside the main body 1.
- the thermopile 6 has an infrared sensor and a temperature sensor (thermistor), and the infrared sensor is disposed on an extension of the center axis L 1 of the probe 2, whereby the inside of the probe 2 is The incident infrared rays reach the infrared sensor via the waveguide 5.
- the microcomputer 7 is electrically connected to the switch 3, the display 4, and the thermopile 6.
- thermometer ⁇ How to use ear thermometer>
- FIG. 2 to Fig. 4 are explanatory diagrams of how to use the ear thermometer shown in Fig. 1 (how to hold the ear thermometer).
- Figs. 2 to 4 show the use of the ear thermometer. The figure shows a case where the subject measures the body temperature of the subject. However, even when the user of the ear thermometer and the subject are the same, the method of use is the same.
- the user turns on the power switch (not shown) provided on the main body 1. I do. Then, the microcomputer 7 starts up and performs predetermined initial settings (battery check, measurement preparation processing, etc.). Thereafter, when the initial setting is completed, the user presses switch 3 to start measurement of eardrum temperature (body temperature) (measurement start standby state).
- the user holds the main body 1 with one end side (the side provided with the switch 3) of the main body 1 facing upward and the arrangement position of the index finger of the hand holding the main body 1 as a reference. That is, with the tip of the index finger pointing toward one end of the main body 1 and along the longitudinal direction, the position of the index finger with respect to the main body 1 is determined. Thereafter, the main body 1 is naturally moved from the front side in accordance with the position of the index finger. Hold the main unit 1 by grasping it.
- the opening of the subject's external auditory canal and the eardrum are aligned.
- the user touches the index finger (index 3) to the index 10 (switch 3) as shown in FIG. 2, and then the index finger is placed on an extension of the index 10 (reference plane F). Squeeze the main unit 1 from the front so that it is positioned. This is called the “first way of holding”.
- the user holds the main body 1 by the above-described first to third holding methods, and then inserts the tip of the probe 2 into the ear canal.
- the center axis L1 of the probe 2 is substantially perpendicular to the ventral surface of the index finger. It is in the state of doing.
- Probe 2 can be inserted into the ear canal.
- the center axis L 1 of the probe 2 is on the left side with respect to the ventral surface of the index finger. In a state of being inclined.
- the probe 2 is inclined toward the occipital region with respect to the opening edge of the ear canal (the direction in which the probe is inserted is the ear canal).
- the probe 2 can be inserted into the ear canal in a state in which the probe 2 faces the rear side of the subject from the opening of the probe.
- the center axis L 1 of the probe 2 is on the right side with respect to the ventral surface of the index finger. In a state of being inclined.
- the probe 2 is tilted toward the face with respect to the opening edge of the ear canal (the direction in which the probe is inserted is the ear canal).
- the probe 2 can be inserted into the ear canal in a state where the probe 2 faces the front of the subject from the opening of the probe.
- the probe 2 is inserted into the ear canal so that the infrared sensor faces the eardrum.
- the infrared ray radiated from the eardrum passes through the waveguide 5 in the probe 2 and passes through the infrared sensor of the thermopile 6. It will be in a state to reach Sa.
- a measurement start signal of eardrum temperature is input from switch 3 to microcomputer 7, and microcomputer 7 performs measurement (not shown). Start the measurement process after the start buzzer sounds.
- thermopile 6 When infrared rays from the eardrum hit the infrared sensor of the thermopile 6, the temperature of the infrared sensor rises.
- the microcomputer 7 inputs a measurement start signal to the thermopile 6.
- the measurement start signal is input to the thermopile 6, the infrared sensor inputs a signal proportional to the temperature rise value according to the amount of infrared light hitting itself to the microcomputer 7 during a predetermined measurement time.
- the temperature sensor of the thermopile 6 inputs a signal corresponding to the temperature of the infrared sensor itself to the microcomputer 7.
- the microcomputer 7 calculates the eardrum temperature of the subject based on the input signals from the infrared sensor and the temperature sensor, sounds a measurement end buzzer (not shown), and displays the calculation result on the display 4.
- the measurement processing ends.
- the user or the subject refers to the eardrum temperature (body temperature) displayed on the display 4, the user or the subject can recognize the body temperature of the subject.
- the subject is the first to measure the body temperature with the ear thermometer, the user changes the way of holding the main body 1 to the second way and the third way of holding, respectively. Take body temperature measurements.
- the user and the person to be measured compare the body temperature measurement results for the first to third holding methods, and determine the holding method with the highest measurement result as the appropriate holding method (posture at the time of appropriate measurement). ).
- the infrared ray from the eardrum was blocked by the wall of the ear canal or the probe 2 etc. because the insertion angle of the probe 2 to the ear canal was incorrect. This is because it is considered that the infrared rays that should reach the infrared sensor did not arrive.
- the user or the subject should hold the body 1 with the memorized holding style and operate the ear thermometer in accordance with the above method for future body temperature measurements. Then, the body temperature can be measured with an appropriate posture at the time of measurement, and an appropriate body temperature value can be obtained.
- a plurality of holding methods are prepared according to the direction in which the probe is inserted into the ear canal, and the user is made aware of the plurality of holding methods.
- Index 10 is provided for switch 3. Therefore, if the user recognizes the index 10 visually or tactilely, the user can recognize that the main body 1 is held in the first to third ways described above. Then, when holding the main body 1, using the index 10 as a clue and holding the main body 1 in accordance with the index 10, the above-described first to third holding styles can be easily executed.
- the first to third holding methods are common in that the main body 1 is held from the front side, and differ in that the holding direction is slightly different.
- the front side member 1a has a curved surface that is close to a cylindrical surface in the short direction, so even if the first holding method is changed to the second or third holding method, the tactile sensation is almost unchanged. Absent.
- the direction in which the main body 1 is squeezed from the front side is slightly changed, so that the holding method itself does not change. For this reason, the wrist, elbow, or shoulder angles when taking the posture during measurement are almost the same between the first to third holding positions.
- the tactile sensation with respect to the main body 1 in each of the first to third holding styles and the posture at the time of measurement hardly change between the holding styles, so that the first to third holding styles are almost the same.
- a feeling can be obtained. Therefore, the user can take a natural and stable posture at the time of measurement regardless of the first to third methods of holding the main body 1 depending on the position of the subject's eardrum. it can.
- the main body 1 is provided with the index 10, the first to third holding methods can be recognized and executed according to the index 10. For this reason, if it is necessary to change the insertion angle of the probe 2 with respect to the ear canal according to the position of the subject's eardrum, the direction of inserting the probe 2 into the ear canal can be changed by changing the holding method according to the index 10.
- the body 1 to change Can be easily performed. Therefore, the subject's body temperature can be properly measured.
- the probe 2 most suitable for the subject is inserted into the ear canal. You can find the direction in which the eardrum is seen (the angle at which the eardrum can be seen). If you remember how to hold the insertion angle that is most suitable for the subject using the index 10 as a clue, you can easily hold the body 1 using the index 10 as a clue in future measurements. Can be reproduced in
- the ring-shaped outer edge 1d is provided in the first opening 1c, but the outer edge 1d can be reliably reproduced.
- the part 1 d is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F, and the user can determine the position of the index finger by tracing the outer edge 1 d with a fingertip. Therefore, the outer edge 1d also has a function of an index.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 (b) is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 5 (a).
- Embodiment 2 has almost the same configuration as Embodiment 1 except that the shape of the index is different from that of Embodiment 1. Therefore, the description of the common points is omitted, and only the differences are described.
- the index 10 A in the second embodiment is a cross-shaped emboss arranged along the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the main body 1.
- the portion of the index 10A that is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main body 1 is arranged on the reference plane F.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the second embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the user touches the fingertip of the index finger to a portion provided along the longitudinal direction of the main body 1 of the indicator 10A, and sets the main body 1 as a reference.
- the first holding method described above can be performed. If the fingertip of the index finger is brought into contact with a part on the left side of the reference plane F provided along the direction as a reference and the main body 1 is squeezed, the above-described second holding method can be executed. Further, when the user touches the forefinger of his forefinger to a part on the right side of the reference plane F provided along the lateral direction of the main body and sets the reference, and squeezes the main body 1, the third Can be carried out.
- the left and right ends of the portion provided along the lateral direction of the main body 1 of the indicator 10A can be visually recognized. Recognition by tactile sense makes it possible to give a certain idea about the position of the index finger when performing the second or third holding method, so that the second and third holding methods can be easily performed. Can measure proper body temperature.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the ear thermometer according to Embodiment 3 has an oblong index 10 parallel to the index 10 on both sides of the index 10 shown in FIG. , 10 B 2 are formed by embossing at an equal distance from the index 10.
- the configuration of the third embodiment is almost the same as the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the third embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the user can execute the second holding method by holding the main body 1 by touching the fingertip of the index finger to the index 10 Bi and holding the main body 1.
- the third holding method can be executed.
- FIG. 6 (b) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the four circular indicators 10 C ⁇ to 10 C 4 are embossed on the surface of the switch 3 (at the convex portion). Is formed.
- Each indicator 1 0 d, 1 0 C 2 is formed on a reference plane F in the longitudinal direction of the main body 1, the indicator 1 0 C 3, 1 0 C 4 is substantially the reference plane F It is formed in a state of plane symmetry. Except for the above points, the configuration of the fourth embodiment is almost the same as the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the fourth embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the first Can be carried out when holding the main body 1, if the user touches at least one of the index 10Ci and the index 10C2 with the fingertip of the index finger as a reference and squeezes the main body 1, the first Can be carried out. Further, the user contacting the fingertip of the index finger to the index 1 0 C 3 as a reference, if put Ri grip the body 1, it is possible to perform a second holding method. Furthermore, the user can contacting the fingertip of the index finger as a reference to the indicators 1 0 C 4, if Kome grip the body 1, to perform a third method of holding the above.
- each of the indexes 10 Ci to 10 C 4 has a circular shape. However, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), each of the indexes 10 Ci to 10 C 4 has a vertex. May have a triangular shape arranged in the short direction and the longitudinal direction of the main body 1.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 (b) is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 7 (a).
- Embodiment 5 is different from Embodiment 5 in that a plurality of indices for allowing the user to recognize and execute a plurality of ways of holding the main body are provided not on the surface of the switch 3 but on the surface of the front side member la of the main body 1. And is different from Embodiments 1 to 4.
- a plurality of hemispherical (planar circular) indices 10Di to 10D4 are formed on the front side member 1a.
- Each index 1 O Di, 10 D 2 is arranged on the reference plane F near the first opening 1 c, and each index 10 D 3 , 10 D 4 is positioned with respect to the reference plane F. They are arranged almost plane-symmetrically. Except for the above points, the configuration of the fifth embodiment is almost the same as the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the fifth embodiment is almost the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
- each of the indices 10 Di to 10 D 4 has a hemispherical shape. However, similarly to the fourth embodiment, each of the indices 10 Di to 10 D 4 has a triangular planar shape. May be formed by embossing.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
- FIG. 8 (b) is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 8 (a).
- 9 (a) and 9 (b) are views showing a modified example of the ear thermometer shown in FIG.
- a plurality of indices 10 ⁇ to 10 E 3 are formed on the surface of the front side member 1 a of the main body 1.
- Each of the indexes 10Ei to 10E3 is formed by a band-shaped emboss.
- the index 10 Ei is formed on the reference plane F from the outer edge 1 d of the first opening 1 c toward the other end of the main body 1.
- each index 10 E 2 , 10 E 3 extends from the outer edge 1 d toward the other end so as to be along the index finger when the main body 1 is held in the second and third holding positions. It is formed substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F. Except for the above points, the configuration of the sixth embodiment is almost the same as the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the sixth embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the first holding method can be executed.
- the user can be arranged to index finger along the index 1 0 E 2, it executes a second holding method.
- people feed the user along the index 1 0 E 3 With your fingers in place, you can perform a third holding.
- the outer edge 1 d is connected to the other end of the main body 1. extends toward the side, cross over the reference plane F (where the dashed line portion shown in FIG. 9 (a) is actually not present) strip of indicator 1 0 F i, 1 0 F 2 is provided to It may be.
- each indicator 1 0 F i, 1 0 F 2 of the intermediate to decide how to hold so as to place the index finger, Ru can perform first holding method. Moreover, by determining the ⁇ Tsu position of the index finger Te to index 1 0 F 2 existing on one side of the main body 1 than the display unit 4 may perform a second holding method. Further, by determining the position of the index finger according to the index 10 F 1 located at one end of the main body 1 with respect to the display 4, the third holding method can be executed.
- FIG. 9 (b)
- the front-side member 1a is provided substantially in the middle of the longitudinal direction, near the outer edge in the short-side direction thereof, and has a circular index 1 that is arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the reference plane F.
- a configuration having 0 G i and 10 G 2 may be employed.
- the first holding method can be executed by arranging the index finger on the longitudinal center line (reference plane F) of the front-side member 1a.
- the second holding method can be executed.
- the third holding method can be executed.
- FIGS. 8 (a), (b) and 9 (a) The indices 10 ⁇ ⁇ to 10 E 3 , 10 F, and 10 F 2 shown in the above may be replaced by a dotted line instead of a band.
- the shape of the indicator can be any shape, pattern, color, or combination of these, as long as the user can recognize multiple ways of holding. For example, you can paint the body and switches according to how you hold them It can be used as an indicator.
- the index is configured by emboss (convex portion).
- the index as the convex portion may be integrally formed with the main body 1 and attached after the main body 1 is formed. It may be something.
- the indicator may be a concave portion formed on the surface of the main body or the switch, may be printed or drawn on the surface of the main body or the switch, or may be a seal attached to the surface of the main body or the switch. There may be.
- any of the above-described methods if a step that can be recognized by tracing the boundary between the main body or the switch and the index with a finger is formed, it is possible to visually or tactually recognize a plurality of ways of holding. However, if the index is flush with the surface of the main body or switch, recognition of multiple ways of holding will be performed only by visual observation.
- the index may be configured to include a combination of a plurality of indexes for each of the first to third holding styles.
- a combination of a plurality of indices indicating the positions of the index finger, thumb, and ring finger, respectively, may be provided for each of the first to third holding styles.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention
- FIG. 10 (b) is a left side of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 10 (a).
- FIG. 10 (c) is a front view showing a modified example of the ear thermometer shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and (b).
- the main body 1 is provided with a plurality of measurement start switches for allowing the user to recognize and execute a plurality of ways of holding the main body 1.
- a plurality of planar triangular switches 3 ⁇ 3 A 3 are provided on one end of the front side member 1 a in the longitudinal direction. It is provided so as to protrude from the surface of 1a.
- the switch 3Ai is provided on the reference plane F with one of its vertices directed toward one longitudinal end of the front member 1a.
- Each sweep rate pitch 3 A 2, 3 A s is a front side one of the vertices
- the member 1a is provided substantially in plane symmetry with respect to the reference plane F in a state in which the member 1a extends in a laterally extending direction (a direction orthogonal to the reference plane F).
- each sweep rate pitch 3 ⁇ ⁇ 3 A 3 is provided in substantially the same position as the indicator 1 0 D i ⁇ 1 0 D 3 in the embodiment 5. Except for the above points, the configuration of the seventh embodiment is almost the same as the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the first to third holding methods are executed by substantially the same method as that of the fifth embodiment.
- a switch is provided at the position of the index, that is, a switch is provided according to how to hold the main body, so the user moves his index finger to press the switch. No need.
- the seventh embodiment it is not necessary to provide an index as in the first to sixth embodiments. Therefore, when the ear thermometer according to the first to sixth embodiments is manufactured, the index is manufactured separately from the main body switch. Compared with the case, the number of parts of the ear thermometer can be reduced or the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.
- each of the switches 3A! To 3A3 has a plane triangular shape, but FIG. 10 (c) as shown, it may be configured each Suitsuchi 3 ⁇ ⁇ 3 a 3 in plan circular (hemispherical). Further, a switch 3A4 corresponding to the first holding method may be provided on the reference plane F.
- FIG. 11 (a) is a front view showing a part of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention
- FIGS. 11 (b) to (e) show FIG. 11 (a).
- FIG. 7 is a front view showing a modified example of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. Embodiment 7 is different from Embodiments 1 to 7 in that a measurement start switch commonly used for the first to third holding methods has a function of an index of holding method.
- a switch 3B having a planar shape of an isosceles triangle is provided at one longitudinal end of the front member 1a.
- the switch 3B has a front side member 1a in which the apex facing the base of the isosceles triangle is arranged on the reference plane F and is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F. Projecting from.
- the user performs the first to third holding methods according to the planar shape (each vertex of the isosceles triangle) of the switch 3B. That is, when performing the first holding method, the user determines the arrangement position of the index finger according to the vertex on the reference plane F.
- the user determines the position of the index finger according to the left vertex of the reference plane F.
- the user determines the position of the index finger according to the right vertex of the reference plane F.
- the ear thermometer according to the embodiments 1 to 6 similarly to the embodiment 7, there is no need to provide an index, and therefore, when the ear thermometer according to the embodiments 1 to 6 is manufactured, the index is manufactured separately from the main body switch. In comparison, the number of components of the ear thermometer can be reduced, or the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.
- the shape of the switch may be any shape that is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F.
- FIG. Can be executed in substantially the same manner as in Embodiment 8 shown in FIG.
- the planar shape may be a star shape or a pentagonal shape.
- the star shape is shown in Fig. 11 (b) as having four acute angles (vertices), but the number of acute angles does not matter.
- a switch whose shape is substantially symmetrical with respect to the reference plane F is, for example, a switch 3E shown in FIG. 11 (d) in which the switch has a heart-shaped or boomerang-shaped planar shape.
- the planar shape of the switch may be a rectangle whose longitudinal direction is the shorter direction of the front member 1a.
- a convex portion or a concave portion may be provided at the center of the switch so that the center of the switch can be identified.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (b) is an end view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 12 (a) cut along the line A--A.
- FIG. 12 (c) is Fig. 12 is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in Fig. 12 (a).
- a surface (index surface) for allowing a user to recognize a plurality of ways of holding the main body is formed on the main body. Different from 8. Since the ninth embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment, the description of the common configuration will be omitted, and only the different configuration will be described.
- the main body 11 of the ear thermometer has a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction, and has a width from one end side to the other end side in the longitudinal direction. It is narrow.
- a surface for providing the probe 2 is formed, and the probe 2 is fixed to this surface.
- the center axis L1 of the probe 2 is included in the reference plane F as in the first embodiment, and the main body 11 is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F.
- the main body 11 On the front side of the main body 11, there are a plurality of substantially flat surfaces arranged along the short direction of the main body 11 and connected so that adjacent surfaces form an inner angle of 10 ° to 170 °. Is formed. That is, the index surfaces 12 and 13 which are substantially flat and symmetric with respect to the reference plane F are formed.
- the index surface 12 and the index surface 13 are connected along the short direction of the main body 11 in a state of forming an inner angle of 120 °.
- Each of the index surfaces 12 and 13 forms one surface (a surface having no ridge line) from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the main body 11.
- an opening is provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the main body 11, exposed from the opening to the outer surface, and arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to the reference plane F.
- a switch 3 for starting the measurement is provided.
- the surface shape on the back side of the main body 11 is substantially arc-shaped as shown in FIG. 12 (b).
- the part marked with A-A line is when the main body 11 is held This is a part where an arbitrary part of the part from the tip of the finger (for example, the index finger) for pressing the switch 3 to the second joint is considered to be arranged.
- the ear thermometer according to the ninth embodiment has the first to third holding methods described above, as in the first embodiment. That is, when the user performs the first holding, the index finger which is the reference for holding the main body 11 is pressed with the index surface 1 2 and the index surface 1 in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed. Arrange along the boundary line (ridge line) with 13 (see the index finger f 1 shown by the broken line in Fig. 12 (b)), and then follow the index finger position to prevent unnaturalness and instability. Then, determine the position of the other fingers and palm, and squeeze the main body 11. That is, the main body 11 is naturally squeezed according to the arrangement position of the index finger.
- the user when performing the second holding, the user places the index finger on the index surface 12 in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed (see the broken line in FIG. 12 (b)). Refer to the index finger f2 shown), and then squeeze the main body 11 naturally.
- the user when performing the third holding, the user places the index finger on the index surface 13 in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed (see the broken line in FIG. 12 (b)). Refer to the index finger f 3 shown), and then squeeze the main body 11 naturally.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the ninth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the main body 11 is determined from the respective index surfaces 12 and 13 and their boundary lines. It is possible to recognize that there are first to third holding methods, and it is possible to easily execute the first to third holding methods in accordance with each of the index surfaces 12 and 13 and their boundaries.
- the probe 2 can be inserted at an insertion angle (direction) most suitable for the subject, and an appropriate body temperature can be measured.
- an insertion angle direction
- the part of the hand (here, the index finger) serving as a reference for holding is used.
- the index plane itself may be used, or a boundary between the index planes may be used as a guide.
- the rear side of the main body 11 is constituted by a plane orthogonal to the reference plane F, and the ear thermometer shown in FIG.
- the end face When cut along the line A, the end face may be configured as an isosceles triangle or the like.
- FIG. 13 (a) is a front view of an ear thermometer according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention
- FIG. 13 (b) is an ear thermometer shown in FIG. 13 (a).
- FIG. 13 (c) is a left side view of the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 13 (a).
- the tenth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the ninth embodiment. Therefore, the description of the common configuration will be omitted, and only the different configuration will be described.
- the main body 11 is arranged continuously along the short side of the main body 11 and substantially symmetric with respect to the reference plane F, as shown in FIGS.
- a substantially flat index surface 15 to 17 is formed.
- the index plane 15 is orthogonal to the reference plane F, and each index plane 16 and 17 has an inner angle of 150 °.
- an opening is provided on the front side of the main body 11 on the index surface 15 at one end in the longitudinal direction of the main body 11, and is exposed to the outside from this opening and is substantially symmetric with respect to the reference plane F.
- the arranged switch 3 for starting the measurement is provided.
- the surface shape on the back side of the main body 11 is substantially arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 13 (b).
- the part where the BB line is drawn is from the tip of the finger (for example, the index finger) for pushing the switch 3 when the main body 11 is held. It is a site where any of the sites up to the second joint is considered to be located.
- the ear thermometer according to Embodiment 1 is similar to Embodiment 9 in that Is possible.
- the user places the index finger along the center line (reference plane F) in the longitudinal direction of the index surface 15 (reference plane F) in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed. 13 Refer to the index finger f 1 shown by the broken line in Fig. 13 (b)), and then squeeze the main body 11 naturally according to the position of the index finger.
- the user when performing the second holding, the user places the index finger on the index surface 16 in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed (see the broken line in FIG. 13 (b)). Refer to the index finger f 2 shown), and then squeeze the main body 11 naturally.
- the user when performing the third holding method, the user places the index finger on the index surface 17 in a state where the switch 3 can be pressed (see the broken line in FIG. 13 (b)). Refer to the index finger f 3 shown), and then squeeze the main body 11 naturally.
- the method of using the ear thermometer according to the tenth embodiment is the same as that of the ninth embodiment.
- the first to third holding methods can be recognized from each of the index surfaces 15 to 17, and the first to third holding methods can be described according to the respective index surfaces 15 to 17. It can be easily implemented.
- the rear side of the main body 14 is constituted by a plane which is substantially plane-symmetric with respect to the reference plane F, and the ear thermometer shown in FIG. 13 (a) is used.
- the end face When cut along the B-B line, the end face may be configured as a pentagon. That is, in the ear thermometer according to the ninth embodiment and the tenth embodiment, the cut end face of the main body 11 or the main body 14 in the lateral direction may be formed in a polygonal shape.
- thermometer that can be held in the first to third three ways has been described.
- the index finger is given as an example of the hand part as a reference for holding the main body of the ear thermometer, but the finger for pressing the switch for starting the measurement is used. If is a finger other than the index finger (for example, the middle finger), the way of holding may be determined based on the middle finger. Also, the standard hand The part that is in contact with and supports the body when holding the body, such as the thumb, middle finger, ring finger, little finger, palm (particularly the mother and child ball), the base of the index finger or middle finger, etc. Is also good.
- the main body can be applied to measure the eardrum temperature and can change the direction of the probe with respect to the ear canal according to the position of the eardrum of the subject.
- the ear thermometer measures the infrared ray radiated from the eardrum in a non-contact manner with the infrared sensor and easily measures the eardrum temperature regardless of the position of the eardrum of the subject. Becomes possible.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2004-7010246A KR100533202B1 (ko) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | 귓속형 체온계 |
EP00935632A EP1190668A4 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | EAR-TYPE CLINICAL THERMOMETER |
US10/009,595 US7063458B1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | Ear type clinical thermometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11/165915 | 1999-06-11 | ||
JP16591599A JP3675230B2 (ja) | 1999-06-11 | 1999-06-11 | 耳式体温計 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000076392A1 true WO2000076392A1 (fr) | 2000-12-21 |
Family
ID=15821438
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/003781 WO2000076392A1 (fr) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-09 | Thermometre clinique du type auriculaire |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7063458B1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1454583A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3675230B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100533202B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1219489C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000076392A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000350703A (ja) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-19 | Omron Corp | 耳式体温計 |
JP2005224617A (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2005-08-25 | Omron Healthcare Co Ltd | 耳式体温計 |
Families Citing this family (8)
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US20060120432A1 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2006-06-08 | Loren Lantz | Tympanic thermometer with ejection mechanism |
US7507025B2 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2009-03-24 | Wayne R Lumpkin | Infrared thermometer with an axially actuated temperature sensor |
US7507019B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-03-24 | Covidien Ag | Thermometer calibration |
US7549792B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2009-06-23 | Covidien Ag | Electronic thermometer with selectable modes |
JP2012070919A (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-12 | Terumo Corp | 耳式体温計 |
CN109990907B (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2024-05-14 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | 一种目标体的红外参数测定装置及测定方法 |
CN109916535B (zh) * | 2019-03-12 | 2021-05-18 | 于晓宇 | 牲畜耳膜温度测量装置 |
USD927331S1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-08-10 | Chiat Koo Lim | Infrared ear thermometer |
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- 2000-06-09 CN CNB00810171XA patent/CN1219489C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-09 KR KR10-2004-7010246A patent/KR100533202B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-09 EP EP04013519A patent/EP1454583A3/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-09 CN CNA2005100920688A patent/CN1724090A/zh active Pending
- 2000-06-09 EP EP00935632A patent/EP1190668A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-09 KR KR10-2001-7015943A patent/KR100509392B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-09 US US10/009,595 patent/US7063458B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO1994020023A1 (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-15 | Thermoscan Inc. | Optical system for an infrared thermometer |
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JP2005224617A (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2005-08-25 | Omron Healthcare Co Ltd | 耳式体温計 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3675230B2 (ja) | 2005-07-27 |
KR20020019075A (ko) | 2002-03-09 |
KR100509392B1 (ko) | 2005-08-23 |
KR20040069349A (ko) | 2004-08-05 |
US7063458B1 (en) | 2006-06-20 |
CN1360481A (zh) | 2002-07-24 |
EP1454583A2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
KR100533202B1 (ko) | 2005-12-05 |
EP1190668A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
EP1190668A4 (en) | 2003-02-05 |
JP2000350703A (ja) | 2000-12-19 |
EP1454583A3 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
CN1724090A (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
CN1219489C (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
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