PIPE AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR ITS PREPARATION
Field of the Invention
This invention is pipe, element of a device, which is applicable in medicine, particularly in the microsurgery, for diagnostics and therapy, anatomical research as well as for monitoring and influence of conditions of objects in limited and hard accessible spaces.
Background of the Invention
There are various types of catheters, sondes and other means for penetration in various natural cavities of live organisms. The main element in these devices is a pipe of various flexibility which with torsion and sliding is inserted and directed between the walls of the natural cavity to a definite place (1,2,3,4 and 5). In most cases these processes are painful and traumatic. That is why new devices are invented continuously to bring the undesired effects to their minimum.
There are appliances where the pipes are made of flexible and elastic material along all their length. These devices are used relatively easy in channels and cavities of simple configuration. Their use is difficult for complicated configurations due to their entire flexibility and impossibility to reach a sufficient moment of torsion. This disadvantage is removed to a great extent by inserting in especially made in the pipe's wall metal mandrens which can be pulled out (1) when necessary or via changing in turns elastic and hard sections along the length of the pipe (2).
There are pipes in devices which are made of material which is hard out of the live organism and when the temperature becomes similar to the one in the organism, the materials becomes elastic (2).
There are pipes in devices where their individual parts or other elements, p. es. endings, are made of material which memorises the form - metals (3), (4) or polymers (2).
Disadvantages of these pipes which are flexible, hard or combined or programmed to pass from elastic into hard condition are that they are all inserted by sliding in the natural cavities and directed by torsion and can only decrease, but not eliminate the pain or the traumatic effect.
Technical Character of the Invention
The task of this invention is to create a pipe and composite material for its made whose individual parts will be able to pass from hard into elastic condition and vice versa due to energy impact and in this way it can turn to itself and make a duplicate channel in the relevant cavity.
The pipe is made of three-layer material consisting of main layer of temperature range for high elasticity 35°C - 55°C, medium layer (reinforcing and energy-transducing) and adhesion layer.
The first /main/ layer consists of polymer composition based on vinyl resin or other polar polymer, modified high molecular organic compounds, stabilisers, sliding substances and polar plasticizers.
This mixture can be extruded to thin wall wares (pipes) whose wall thickness varies from 250 microns to 500 microns having range of high elasticity 35°C - 55°C. Within this interval of high elastic condition the pipes can turn to themselves memorising the previous forms and sizes.
The second (reinforcing) layer consists of spirally situated over the first layer metal strings and set opposite to them textile strings so that they can form reinforcing net forming points of contact at the very place of their intersection. The main task of the metal strings is to bring electrical impulse to each local section of the pipe along all its length so that it can be converted in high elastic
condition. The textile strings are for strengthening the thin- wall pipe and isolate the metal strings from each other. They can be made of synthetic or artificial fibres or technical silks.
The third (adhesion) layer provides fixing of the reinforcing (second) layer to the internal one as well as its isolating from external environment except for the contact points. It is featured with its elasticity and allows the acceptance of the elastic deformation at the pipe's turning to itself as well as the sliding of the metal strings within the volume of this layer without causing its distruction. The latter requirement was imposed because of the various coefficient of linear expansion of the metals and the polymers. The adhesion layer must have good adhesion to the main layer and the textile fibres and can be based on polyuretanes, vinyl plastisols or raw rubber latexes.
The pipe is made according to the well known technical methods including extrusion of thin-wall pipe of the polymer mixture, smearing with adhesion liquid layer till reaching definite thickness, putting the reinforcing layer and jellying of the adhesion layer.
Description of Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the construction of pipe 1 made of three-layer composite material.
Fig. 2 shows the mechanism of making the duplicate channel in the cavities.
Description of Preferred Embodiments
The composite material which makes the pipe 1 (Fig.l) consists of main layer 2 of polymer composition, containing polyvinylchloride (suspension or masspolymer) with K-value from 54 to 68 -100 weight units; stabiliser from the groups of organo-tin_mercaptides or calcium-zinc soaps - from 0.5 to 5 weight
4 units; modifiers which improve the hit-resistance and processability of the composition from the groups of methylmetacrylate butadiene-styrene co-polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene co-polymers, ethyl-vinyl acetate co-polymers and others - from 0.5 to 15 weight units ; external and internal or combined lubricants from the group of montanic acids /CH3.(CH2)27.COOH/ or other fatty acids, parafines, stearines /C3H5θ3(OC.CπH35)3 /, polyethylene waxes - from 0.2 to 5 weight units and plasticisers permitted for use in medicine from the groups of phthalates, sebacinates, adipinates and citrates - from 12 to 35 weight units;
The second layer of the composite material is formed by a spirally located over the main layer metal fibres 3 and set opposite to them textile fibres 4 so that they form reinforcing net and at the place of intersection they form contact points 6. The textile fibres are made of technical silks based on artificial or synthetic materials like acetate cellulose, polyesters, polyamides etc.
The third layer 5 of the composite material is based on elastic polyurethane or vinyl plastisols or raw rubber latexes.
The examples shown below explain better the content of the polymer composition for building up the main layer and determining the property of controllable temperature transition of the pipe from hard into high elastic condition.
Example 1
Component Quantity, weight units
1. PVC S - 58, M-58 100
2. Octyltin mercaptide 1.4
3. Methylmetacrylate butadiene styrene copolymer 4
4. Modifier based on acrylic copolymer 1.2
5. Copolymer of methylmetacrylate with styrene 0.8
6. External lubricant 0.4
7. Internal lubricant 0.8
8. Dioctyl phthalate 25
Example 2
Component Quantity, weight units
1. PVC S - 60, M-60 100
2. Octyltin mercaptide 1.6
3. Methylmetacrylate butadiene styrene co-polymer 3
4. Modifier based on acrylic co-polymer 1.2
5. Co-polymer of methylmetacrylate with sterol 0.8
6. External lubricant 0.4
7. Internal lubricant 0.8
8. Dioctyl phthalate 30
Example 3
Component Quantity, weight units
1. PVC S - 54, M-54 100
2. Octyltin mercaptide 1.5
3. Methylmetacrylate butadiene styrene co-polymer 5
4. Modifier based on acrylic co-polymer 1.2
5. Co-polymer of methylmetacrylate with styrene 0.8
6. External lubricant 0.4
7. Internal lubricant 0.8
8. Dioctyl phthalate 20
9. Dioctyl sebacinate 5
The pipe 1, according to this invention, is targetted for in-building in a device which can bring it to condition of high elasticity, direct it by the track of the cavity investigated and turn it to itself.
The front of the pipe caught to the device, as it is shown on Fig.2, is directed into the cavity, a small section of the pipe is brought to condition of high elasticity and this section turns to itself. Afterwards the energy impulse is stopped and this section becomes hard. This process is repeated many times with directing by track into the natural cavity till creating an artificial channel of hard wall. This channel ends up to the place of the object investigated. In this way we avoid the friction between the made artificial channel and the walls of the cavity in the live organism as the movement forward takes its course on the account of the self -turning from inside to outside pipe. We can transport in the artificial channel the means of monitoring and impact over object in the cavity with no contact with its walls. After finishing the manipulations the pipe is pulled out according to the way described, turning from outside to inside. Due to the availability of memory for form and size, the pipe's reverse turning and pulling out does not create traumas.