WO2000047723A2 - Human diacylglycerol kinase beta (hdagk beta) proteins and nucleotide sequences encoding the same - Google Patents
Human diacylglycerol kinase beta (hdagk beta) proteins and nucleotide sequences encoding the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000047723A2 WO2000047723A2 PCT/GB1999/004421 GB9904421W WO0047723A2 WO 2000047723 A2 WO2000047723 A2 WO 2000047723A2 GB 9904421 W GB9904421 W GB 9904421W WO 0047723 A2 WO0047723 A2 WO 0047723A2
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to human diacylglycerol kinase proteins (hDAGK) and particularly to human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇ (hDAGK ⁇ ) protein, and to related nucleotide sequences, expression vectors, cell lines, antibodies, screening methods, compounds, methods of production and methods of treatment, as well as other related aspects.
- hDAGK human diacylglycerol kinase proteins
- hDAGK ⁇ human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇
- DAGKs Diacylglycerol kinases
- PCK DAG-dependent protein kinase C activation
- Type I DAGKs contains four conserved regions, the N-terminal region (C1 ), two sets of EF-hand motifs (C2), two cysteine-rich zinc finger like structures (C3) and the C- terminal region (C4).
- Type II isoenzymes contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus.
- Type III contains only the zinc finger (C3) and the catalytic region (C4).
- Type IV contains four ankyrin repeats near the carboxyl terminus.
- Type V contains three instead of two zinc finger structures, a proline-rich region and a PH domain with an overlapping Ras-associating (RA) domain. All share two domains, the C2 and the C3 (2).
- a 90 kDa DAGK ⁇ (3) belonging to type I was found by screening a rat brain cDNA library using fragments of rat a DAGK cDNA under low stringency conditions. The cDNA clone obtained was completely sequenced.
- the rat DAGK ⁇ cDNA has an open reading frame of 5927 nucleotides and encodes for a protein of 801 amino acids with a predicted relative molecular mass of 90,000. Analysis of the amino acid sequence identified 2 EF-hand motifs (aa 152-180 and 197-225), of two cysteine-rich zinc-finger-like sequences (aa 257-292 and 319-356), and putative ATP-binding sites (aa 266-294 and 533-560).
- DAGK isoforms (2) which include DAGK ⁇ , DAGK ⁇ , DAGK ⁇ and DAGK ⁇ .
- DAGK ⁇ central nervous system
- a particular distribution restricted to specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) was described for the DAGK ⁇ form, originally identified in the rat (90Da DAGK ⁇ ).
- the rat beta form is predominantly localised in neurons of the caudate-putamen, the accubens nucleus and the olfactory tubercle.
- Such brain regions are among the main CNS dopaminergic, serotonergic, acetylchoiinergic and glutamatergic terminal fields (4).
- Lithium is known as one of the most effective therapies for bipolar disorders.
- lithium modulates the phosphoinositide signal transduction system (6) by inhibiting the phosphatase that liberates inositol from inositol phosphate (IP), and by modifying the activity of the phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent signalling pathways, including the levels of the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) that activates protein kinase C (PKC).
- IP inositol phosphate
- PLC phospholipase C
- DAG second messenger diacylglycerol
- DAGKs and particularly the human ortholog of rat 90kDa DAGK ⁇ (hDAGK ⁇ ) and variants thereof will provide targets for the development of novel mood stabilising agents and therapeutic agents for treatment of other disorders.
- the human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇ (hDAGK ⁇ ) has the amino acid sequence set out in Seq ID No 1 or Seq ID No 4.
- the hDAGK ⁇ protein having the amino acid sequence set out in Seq ID No 4 is referred to as SV- hDAGK ⁇ protein.
- a nucleotide sequence encoding a human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇ (hDAGK ⁇ ) protein or a variant thereof, or a nucleotide sequence that is complementary thereto.
- the polynucleotide comprises the sequence set out in Seq ID No 3 or Seq ID No 6.
- the hDAGK ⁇ protein having the polinucletide sequence set out in Seq ID No 6 is referred to as SV-hDAGK ⁇ protein.
- an expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence as referred to above which is capable of expressing a hDAGK ⁇ protein.
- a stable cell line comprising an expression vector as referred to above.
- the cell line is a modified HEK293T, CHO, HeLa, Sf9 or COS cell line.
- an antibody specific for a hDAGK ⁇ protein is provided.
- a method for identification of a compound that exhibits DAGK modulating activity comprising contacting a DAGK protein with a test compound and detecting modulation of enzyme activity or detecting enzyme inactivity.
- the DAGK is hDAGK ⁇ or a variant thereof .
- a compound which modulates hDAGK activity identifiable by the method referred to above.
- Preferred compounds according to the present invention are those that modulate hDAGK ⁇ activity or a variant thereof.
- a compound that modulates hDAGK activity Preferred compounds according to the present invention are those that modulate hDAGK ⁇ activity or a variant thereof.
- a method of treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that is responsive to modulation of hDAGK activity in a human patient which comprises administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound as referred to above.
- the hDAGK is hDAGK ⁇ or a variant thereof .
- the disorder is a mood disorder, epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, migraine, drug dependence, stroke, Alzheimer's dementia or Parkinson's disease.
- a method of treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that is responsive to modulation of hDAGK activity in a human patient which comprises administering to said patient an effective amount of a modulator of hDAGK activity.
- the hDAGK is hDAGK ⁇ or a variant thereof .
- the disorder is a mood disorder, epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, migraine, drug dependence, stroke, Alzheimer's dementia or Parkinson's disease.
- a compound as referred to above in a method of formulating a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that is responsive to modulation of hDAGK activity in a human patient.
- the hDAGK is hDAGK ⁇ or a variant thereof .
- the disorder is a mood disorder, epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, migraine, drug dependence, stroke, Alzheimer's dementia or Parkinson's disease.
- a modulator of hDAGK activity in a method of formulating a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that is responsive to modulation of hDAGK activity in a human patient.
- the hDAGK is hDAGK ⁇ or a variant thereof .
- the disorder is a mood disorder, epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, migraine, drug dependence, stroke, Alzheimer's dementia or Parkinson's disease.
- a method of producing a hDAGK ⁇ protein or a variant thereof comprising introducing into an appropriate cell line a suitable vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding for a hDAGK ⁇ protein or a variant thereof, under conditions suitable for obtaining expression of the hDAGK ⁇ protein or variant.
- Seq ID No 3 shows the complete nucleotide sequence of the human DAGK ⁇ .
- Seq ID No 5 shows the complete nucleotide sequence of the SV-hDAGK ⁇ .
- Seq ID No 1 shows the nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequence of the human DAGK ⁇ sequence.
- Seq ID No 4 shows the nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequence of the SV-hDAGK ⁇ .
- Seq ID No 7 shows pairwise alignment of hDAGK ⁇ and SV- hDAGK ⁇ full-length amino acids sequences with rat homologue.
- Figure 1 shows a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) of human adult and human foetal brain (polyA+RNA).
- Figure 2 shows the position of the alternatively spliced exons that generate a family of hDAGK ⁇ transcripts.
- the alternatively spliced exons are illustrated as white boxes.
- the dashed box identifies the SV- hDAGK ⁇ transcripts.
- Panel A hDAGK ⁇ transcripts generated through alternative splicing.
- Panel B SV-hDAGK ⁇ transcripts generated through alternative splicing.
- Figure 3 shows RT-PCR analysis of the expression of hDAGK ⁇ and SV- hDAGK ⁇ in human tissue cDNAs. PCR reactions were carried out separately for each primer pair (hDAGK ⁇ , SV-hDAGK ⁇ and ⁇ -actin control) on the indicated tissue cDNAs, and reactions corresponding to the same tissue template were loaded in the same well.
- Figure 4 shows RT-PCR analysis of hDAGK ⁇ and SV- hDAGK ⁇ expression in normal and Alzheimer cerebellum, ⁇ -actin was used as a control of RNA levels in the samples.
- the present invention relates to human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇ (hDAGK ⁇ ) protein, sequence information for which is provided in Seq ID No 1 or Seq ID No 4.
- hDAGK ⁇ human diacylglycerol kinase ⁇
- isolated is intended to convey that the protein is not in its native state, insofar as it has been purified at least to some extent or has been synthetically produced, for example by recombinant methods.
- isolated therefore includes the possibility of the protein being in combination with other biological or non-biological material, such as cells, suspensions of cells or cell fragments, proteins, peptides, organic or inorganic solvents, or other materials where appropriate, but excludes the situation where the protein is in a state as found in nature.
- Routine methods can be employed to purify and/or synthesise the proteins according to the invention. Such methods are well understood by persons skilled in the art, and include techniques such as those disclosed in Sambrook et al. (7), the disclosure of which is included herein in its entirety by way of reference.
- variants By the term “variant” what is meant throughout the specification and claims is that other peptides or proteins which retain the same essential character of the diacylglycerol kinase for which sequence information is provided, are also intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
- other peptides or proteins with greater than about 80%, preferably at least 90% and particularly preferably at least 95% homology with the sequences provided are considered as variants of the enzymes.
- variants may include the deletion, modification or addition of single amino acids or groups of amino acids within the protein sequence, as long as the peptide maintains the biological functionality of a hDAGK ⁇ .
- the rat DAGK ⁇ protein is of course excluded from the definition of "variant”.
- Seq ID No 1 reveals a 3926 bp (base pair) open reading frame which encodes an 804 amino acid protein . This deduced protein sequence is -95 % identical to the rat DAGK ⁇ and shares many of its characteristics and all the domains.
- the invention also includes nucleotide sequences identified as Seq ID No 1 or Seq ID No 4 that encode for hDAGK ⁇ protein or variants thereof as well as nucleotide sequences that are complementary thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence is a DNA sequence and most preferably, a cDNA sequence.
- Such nucleotides can be isolated or synthesised according to methods well know in Sambrook et al. (7), the disclosure of which is included herein in its entirety by way of reference.
- the present invention also includes expression vectors that comprise nucleotide sequences encoding for the hDAGK ⁇ protein or variants thereof.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to an expression vector comprising nucleotide sequences encoding for hDAGK ⁇ protein or variants thereof.
- Such expression vectors are routinely constructed in the art of molecular biology and may for example involve the use of plasmid DNA and appropriate initiators, promoters, enhancers and other elements, such as for example polyadenylation signals which may be necessary, and which are positioned in the correct orientation, in order to allow for protein expression. Suitable vectors would be apparent to persons skilled in the art.
- we refer to (7) we refer to (7), the disclosure of which is included herein in its entirety.
- the invention also includes cell lines that have been modified to express the novel protein and variants thereof.
- Such cell lines include transient, or preferably stable higher eukaryotic cell lines, such as mammalian cells or insect cells, lower eukaryotic cells, such as yeast or prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells.
- Particular examples of cells that have been modified by insertion of vectors encoding for the proteins according to the invention include the mammalian HEK293T, CHO, HeL-a, Sf9 and COS cells.
- the protein and variants thereof of the invention can be transiently expressed in a cell line, such as for example in a baculovirus expression or in an E.coli system.
- a cell line such as for example in a baculovirus expression or in an E.coli system.
- Such systems which are adapted to express the proteins according to the invention, are also included within the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to antibodies (either polyclonal or preferably monoclonal antibodies) which have been raised by standard techniques and are specific for the protein or variants thereof according to the invention.
- antibodies could for example, be useful in purification, isolation or screening involving immuno- precipitation techniques and may be used as tools to further elucidate protein function, or indeed as therapeutic agents in their own right.
- Antibodies may also be raised against specific epitopes of the proteins according to the invention.
- hDAGK proteins in screening methods designed to identify compounds which act as enzyme iigands and which may be useful as modulators of enzymatic activity.
- screening methods will involve contacting the hDAGK protein concerned, which may be any known or as yet unrecognised hDAGK protein or variant thereof, preferably hDAGK ⁇ , with a test compound and then detecting modulation of the enzymatic activity, or indeed detecting enzyme inactivity, which results.
- the present invention also includes within its scope those compounds, which are identified as possessing useful hDAGK modulation activity. Such activity can be determined by the screening methods referred to above.
- the screening methods comprehended by the invention are generally well known to those skilled in the art. An example of such an approach is provided in the experimental section of this specification.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of compounds which have been identified by screening techniques referred to above, or other compounds found to exhibit hDAGK modulating activity, in the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders that are responsive to modulation of a hDAGK activity, particularly hDAGK ⁇ activity, in a human patient.
- modulation what is meant is that there will be either agonism or antagonism of the enzymatic activity, which results from ligand binding of the compound at the catalytic or regulatory sites of the hDAGK protein.
- CNS central nervous system
- the compounds which will be identified using the screening techniques according to the invention will have utility for treatment and/or prophylaxis of disorders such as mood disorders, epilepsy, anxiety, schizophrenia, drug dependence, neurodegenerative disorders.
- disorders such as mood disorders, epilepsy, anxiety, schizophrenia, drug dependence, neurodegenerative disorders.
- disorders which may be treated or prevented by administration of compounds identified in the screening techniques according to the present invention are unipolar and bipolar depression, stroke, Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease, smoking cessation, and ethanol, nicotine, cocaine and heroine abuse. It is to be understood, however, that the mention of such disorders is by way of example only, and is not intended to be limiting on the scope of the invention.
- the compounds which are identified according to the screening methods outlined above may be formulated with standard pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients, as is routine in the pharmaceutical art, and as is fully described in Remmington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Eastern Pennsylvania, 17th Ed, 1985; the disclosure of which is included herein in its entirety by way of reference.
- the compounds may be administered via enteral or parenteral routes such as via oral, buccal, anal, pulmonary, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, topical or other appropriate administration routes.
- a compound of the invention required for use in treatment will vary with the nature of the condition being treated, the route of administration and the age, sex, weight and general condition of the patient, and will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician. In general, however, doses employed for adult human treatment will typically be in the range of between about 2mg to about 800mg per day.
- GenBank public (GenBank) and private (Incyte) databases resulted in some ESTs annotated as specific for bipolar diseases.
- a first comparison against dbEST (8) using the Blastn (9) alignment program revealed that most of the bipolar specific ESTs do not correspond to any sequence of known function and no other overlapping ESTs can be found to create contigs and enlarge the sequences. Therefore, in a preliminary analysis only those presenting enough information to proceed with an in silico work were considered, in particular those ESTs that showed 100% identity with a genomic sequence.
- the genomic sequence identified for the EST-S4 (GenBank ace. n. AF019352) is an unannotated 172-Kb length sequence (GenBank ace. n. AC005039) consisting of 2 contigs, for which the order is not known, interrupted by an N bases gap.
- the EST-S4 belongs to a novel human gene orthologue to the rat DAGK ⁇ gene
- the Blastx alignment program was used to compare the 4Kb genomic region surrounding the EST-S4 region with the amino acid sequences of
- Xpound (12) and GRAIL (14) exon prediction tools were used to locate the potential coding regions within AC005039. Three exons (a, b and c) were found to be consistent with the same ORF and to correspond to exons 22, 23 and 24 of the rat DAGK ⁇ gene. The region was 32 Kb wide and contained the EST-S4 sequence.
- GATTATACTTTGCAAGCACACC were used to obtain 2 RT-PCR products of 647 bp and of 151 bp respectively from foetal brain polyA+ RNA (Clontech) ( Figure 1 , panel B).
- the PCR conditions included an initial hot-start at 94°C for 2 minutes, followed by 35 cycles at 94°C for 1 minute, 56°C (DAGKIAAfor/DAGKIAArev) or 58°C (5hDAGKfor/5hDAGKrev) for 1 minute, 72°C for 1 minute and terminated by 7 minutes at 72°C.
- the resulting PCR amplicons were separated on a 2% agarose gel and used for radioactive hybridisation.
- the library inserts were first subcloned in pBluescript KS vector (Stratagene, LaJolla, CA). After transformation, colonies were screened by hybridisation with the previously described probes. Positive colonies were subjected to direct sequencing (17) using the T3 and T7 primers. The DNA sequences obtained were assembled using the GCG package, translated and aligned with the rat DAGK ⁇ gene using CLUSTAL (18). Two positive clones were isolated using a human DAGK ⁇ -specific probe covering sequences from position 1524 to position 2360 and their sequence covered by sequencing on both DNA strands. The clones contained the last three exons and part of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the hDAGK ⁇ sequence.
- UTR 3' untranslated region
- hDAGK ⁇ gene was established by radioactive hybridisation on multi-Tissue northern blots (Clontech) according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
- the probes were obtained by RT- PCR amplification of different portions of the coding region of hDAGK ⁇ including the 3' splice variant specific probe.
- the GCG package (Wisconsin Package Version 9.0, Genetics Computer Group (GCG), Madison, Wisconsin) was used to align the human genomic sequence surrounding the EST-S4 with the rat 90 kDa DAGK ⁇ mRNA.
- the EST-S4 is located in the 30 Kb intron between exons b and c. It overlaps with the AC005039 genomic sequence 91 bp downstream the last amino acid of exon b.
- the genomic sequence contains two in frame stop codons and a possible polyadenylation signal is present on the EST sequence.
- RT-PCR reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- AGCTAAATCATTGCCAAGGG that span exon b and EST-S4 was performed.
- the PCR conditions included an initial hot-start at 94°C for 5 minutes, followed by 35 cycles at 94°C for 1 minute, 56°C for 1 minute and 72°C for 1 minute and terminated by 5 minutes at 72°C.
- the resulting PCR amplicon was separated on a 2% agarose gel and shown to be of 246bp.
- the transcript was successfully amplified in both human adult and foetal brain polyA ⁇ RNA (Clontech) RT-PCR reactions. As a control the human genomic DNA was also amplified, yielding a fragment of the same length.
- the results indicate that the EST-S4 might correspond to the 3'- UTR of a new splice variant ( Figure 1 , panel A).
- the shortest form of hDAGK ⁇ protein encoded by the splice variant transcripts is herein designated as SV-hDAGK ⁇ .
- CCAGTGAGCAGAGTGACGAGGACTCGAGCTCAAGC(T) 17 as a primer for first strand cDNA synthesis.
- the resulting cDNA was employed as a template for two nested rounds of PCR employing anchor-specific and gene-specific primers (first round RACE: CCAGTGAGCAGAGTGACG and TCAGAGCCACTACATTTAGGT; second round RACE: GAGGACTCGAGCTCAAGC and AGGTTGTAGACATTATATACC).
- PCR conditions for both rounds were: 94°C for 3 minutes (hot start); 25 cycles of (94°C for 30", 56°C for 30" , 72°C for 30") followed by a 72°C for 10' step.
- Double-pass sequencing confirmed the identity of the two products as two alternatively spliced transcripts bearing the 3' end of the human DAGK ⁇ splice variant coding sequence (with two predicted in-frame translational stop codons at position 2320 and 2365) and ca. 100bp or ca. 650bp (owing to two alternatively used polyadenylation signals) of 3' untranslated sequence (UTR).
- hDAGK ⁇ splice variant transcripts run out of the penultimate coding exon into the last intron of the DAGK ⁇ locus, terminating at two alternatively used polyadenylation signals.
- the predicted protein encoded by the splice variant transcripts (Seq ID No 4) lacks the last 30 amino acids present in the longest (direct human orthologue of the rat DAGK ⁇ ) variant.
- First round PCR conditions were as follows: 94°C for 3 minutes (hot start); 35 cycles of (94°C for 30", 55°C for 30", 72°C for 5') followed by a 72°C for 20' step.
- Second round PCR was carried out on a 1 ⁇ l aliquot of a 1 :10 dilution of first round PCR using the same conditions as for first round PCR, except that cycling was for 25 cycles.
- Primers were as detailed in Table 1.
- PCR-amplified products (ca. 2.4kb) were cloned into appropriate plasmid cloning vectors and subjected to double pass sequence analysis.
- This exercise confirmed the cDNA sequence predicted by the in silico analysis and extended it by revealing the presence of three alternatively spliced exons within hDAGK ⁇ and SV- hDAGK ⁇ transcripts and derived cDNAs (Fig. 5).
- RNA for a variety of human tissues was obtained from a commercial source (Clontech, CA). This material was converted to cDNA and a set of PCR primers capable of selectively amplifying either the hDAGK ⁇ or the SV isoform were employed in an RT-PCR study. A set of ⁇ -actin specific primers were employed to control the efficacy of the RT-PCR process. Table 1 provides the details of the primers.
- PCR conditions were: 94°C for 3 minutes (hot start); 40 cycles of (94°C for 30", 56°C for 30" , 72°C for 30") followed by a 72°C for 10' step.
- the results indicate that both hDAGK ⁇ and SV-hDAGK ⁇ are coordinately expressed in all tissues of neuronal origin (brain regions and spinal cord). Non-neuronal tissues (with the exception of the uterus) do not express significant levels of hDAGK ⁇ transcripts.
- A PCR primers employed for the amplification of full length hDAGK ⁇ cDNAs. The initiation (start) codon is underlined.
- B PCR primers for the analysis of expression of h DAGK ⁇ and SV-hDAGK ⁇ isoforms. Sizes of expected products are indicated.
- hDAGK ⁇ transcripts in normal and pathological conditions of relevance to the present patent was initiated by analyzing hDAGK ⁇ expression by RT-PCR in cDNA from the cerebellum of normal individuals and Alzheimer cerebellum. An initial analysis was carried out using a set of hDAGK ⁇ specific and SV-hDAGK ⁇ specific primers and PCR conditions as detailed in the above section. The results (Fig. 4) indicate that expression of hDAGK ⁇ is lost in Alzheimer cerebellum, while expression of SV-hDAGK ⁇ is unchanged.
- hDAGK activity especially hDAGK ⁇
- a cellular homogenate containing the hDAGK polypeptide is incubated with substrates (like DAG and ATP) in the absence or the presence of a chemical entity or crude natural extract that might modulate hDAGK activity (primary screening).
- substrates like DAG and ATP
- the activity of the hDAGK polypeptide or a purified preparation of hDAGK polypeptide in the reaction mixture can be quantified by measuring the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the DAG substrate employing radio-labelled ATP as substrate (20).
- the labelled product (phosphatidic acid) is extracted into acidified organic solvents and quantitated by scintillation counting.
- the phosphatidic acid product can also be separated from the mixture by TLC methods and the corresponding radioactive bands can be quantified by using a phosphoimager system.
- Fluorescence or chemiluminescence-tagged DAG can also be used as the substrate for hDAGK.
- the PA product will become labelled with the selected probe and can be separated from the substrate donor molecule by TLC and quantified via densitometric analysis of fluorescent or chemoluminescent spots.
- This application also relates to a method of identifying a compound or a composition that can activate or inhibit the activity of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention, which comprises (i) adding a test compound to a cell line whose hDAGK gene has been inactivated by introducing a reporter gene, e.g., the beta-gaiactosidase from E.coli origin (lacZ); (ii) determining if transcription of the reporter gene occurs by measuring the level of activation of lacZ gene using the chromogenic substrate X-gal using high-throughput colorimetric measurements.
- lacZ beta-gaiactosidase from E.coli origin
- the compounds or compositions which are able to inhibit or activate the promoter for the hDAGK ⁇ DNA will alter the expression of the reporter gene. Compounds identified in this way are then tested in vivo to assess their ability to modulate the level of the expression of hDAGK, especially hDAGK ⁇ , in mice CNS.
- CLUSTAL a package for performing multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. Gene 73, 237-244.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU18812/00A AU1881200A (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Novel proteins |
JP2000598623A JP2002540765A (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Novel protein |
US09/913,301 US6593121B1 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Human diacylglycerol kinase β (HDAGKβ) protein and nucleotide sequences encoding the same |
EP99962455A EP1153133A2 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Human diacylglycerol kinase beta (hdagk beta) proteins and nucleotide sequences encoding the same |
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US09/913,301 A-371-Of-International US6593121B1 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Human diacylglycerol kinase β (HDAGKβ) protein and nucleotide sequences encoding the same |
US10/408,693 Continuation US20030186305A1 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 2003-04-07 | Novel proteins |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000047723A2 true WO2000047723A2 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
WO2000047723A3 WO2000047723A3 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
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PCT/GB1999/004421 WO2000047723A2 (en) | 1999-02-15 | 1999-12-23 | Human diacylglycerol kinase beta (hdagk beta) proteins and nucleotide sequences encoding the same |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6593121B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1153133A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002540765A (en) |
AU (1) | AU1881200A (en) |
GB (1) | GB9903430D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000047723A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002079459A2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Nsgene A/S | Means for inhibiting proteolytical processing of parkin |
WO2003004695A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-16 | Biovitrum Ab | Methods for identifying agents that modulate diacylglycerol kinase delta (dgk&) alktivity |
KR20040028205A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-03 | 대한민국 (경북대학교총장) | Methods for high level transcription from Bacillus subtilis using physiological stimuli |
GB2442365B (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2010-01-20 | John Marcell Davis | Methods of determining compounds useful in the treatment of bipolar disorders |
EP2570496A3 (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2013-03-27 | Suregene Llc | Genetic markers of mental illness |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009136444A1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | カルナバイオサイエンス株式会社 | Method of screening preventive or remedy for type i dipolar disorder |
-
1999
- 1999-02-15 GB GBGB9903430.8A patent/GB9903430D0/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-23 AU AU18812/00A patent/AU1881200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-23 WO PCT/GB1999/004421 patent/WO2000047723A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-23 EP EP99962455A patent/EP1153133A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-23 JP JP2000598623A patent/JP2002540765A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-23 US US09/913,301 patent/US6593121B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-07 US US10/408,693 patent/US20030186305A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (8)
Title |
---|
FUJIKAWA, K. ET AL.: "Isolation and characterization of the human diacylglycerol kinase gene" THE BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 294, no. 2, 1 September 1993 (1993-09-01), pages 443-449, XP000917460 * |
GODDAT, J. ET AL.: "Derivatives of Di-O-octanoylglycerol and Mono-O-octylglycerol as modulators of protein kinase C and diacylglycerol kinase activities" LIPIDS, vol. 27, no. 5, May 1992 (1992-05), pages 331-338, XP000942325 * |
GOTO, K. AND KONDO, H.: "Molecular cloning and expression of a 90-kDa diacylglycerol kinase that predominantly localizes in neurons" PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.USA, vol. 90, no. 16, 15 August 1993 (1993-08-15), pages 7598-7602, XP000919356 cited in the application * |
HOUSSA, B. ET AL.: "Cloning of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase (DGK theta) containing three cysteine-rich domains, a proline-rich region, and a pleckstrin homology domain with an overlapping ras-associating domain" THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 272, no. 16, 18 April 1997 (1997-04-18), pages 10422-10428, XP000919358 * |
NAGASE, T. ET AL.: "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro" DNA RESEARCH, vol. 5, 1998, pages 277-286, XP002926060 & EMBL DATABASE; EMHUM1:AB018261; ACCESSION-NO.: AB018261, 17 November 1998 (1998-11-17), * |
NOBE, K. ET AL.: "Activation of diacylglycerol kinase by carbachol in guinea pig taenia coli" BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 48, no. 11, November 1994 (1994-11), pages 2005-2014, XP000942327 * |
NOBE, K. ET AL.: "Alternations of diacylglycerolkinase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats" CELLULAR SIGNALLING, vol. 10, no. 7, July 1998 (1998-07), pages 465-471, XP000942326 * |
SAKANE, F. AND KANOH, H. : "Molecules in focus: Diacylglycerol kinase" INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 10, October 1997 (1997-10), pages 1139-1143, XP000917466 cited in the application * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002079459A2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Nsgene A/S | Means for inhibiting proteolytical processing of parkin |
WO2002079459A3 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2003-03-06 | Nsgene As | Means for inhibiting proteolytical processing of parkin |
WO2003004695A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-16 | Biovitrum Ab | Methods for identifying agents that modulate diacylglycerol kinase delta (dgk&) alktivity |
KR20040028205A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-03 | 대한민국 (경북대학교총장) | Methods for high level transcription from Bacillus subtilis using physiological stimuli |
GB2442365B (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2010-01-20 | John Marcell Davis | Methods of determining compounds useful in the treatment of bipolar disorders |
EP2570496A3 (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2013-03-27 | Suregene Llc | Genetic markers of mental illness |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000047723A3 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
GB9903430D0 (en) | 1999-04-07 |
US20030186305A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
AU1881200A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
EP1153133A2 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
JP2002540765A (en) | 2002-12-03 |
US6593121B1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
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