WO2000023653A1 - Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000023653A1
WO2000023653A1 PCT/FI1999/000865 FI9900865W WO0023653A1 WO 2000023653 A1 WO2000023653 A1 WO 2000023653A1 FI 9900865 W FI9900865 W FI 9900865W WO 0023653 A1 WO0023653 A1 WO 0023653A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete slab
sheet
slab
metal profile
dowel plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1999/000865
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jorma Kinnunen
Kari Tuominen
Kimmo Varvikko
Juha Pulkkanen
Original Assignee
Teräspeikko Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI982269A external-priority patent/FI982269A0/en
Application filed by Teräspeikko Oy filed Critical Teräspeikko Oy
Priority to DE69913977T priority Critical patent/DE69913977T2/en
Priority to PL347369A priority patent/PL204665B1/en
Priority to AT99952664T priority patent/ATE257196T1/en
Priority to DE19983667T priority patent/DE19983667T1/en
Priority to AU64784/99A priority patent/AU6478499A/en
Priority to EP99952664A priority patent/EP1123443B1/en
Priority to DK99952664T priority patent/DK1123443T3/en
Publication of WO2000023653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000023653A1/en
Priority to NO20011881A priority patent/NO316179B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/02—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints
    • E01C11/04—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints for cement concrete paving
    • E01C11/14—Dowel assembly ; Design or construction of reinforcements in the area of joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ground slab field which comprises at least a first concrete slab and a second concrete slab, in which method at least a first casting mould and, beside it, a second casting mould is formed, which casting moulds have four sides, of which at least the side which is between the casting moulds is made of a sheet-metal profile, and which casting moulds have a floor made of earth or the like; concrete is poured into the casting moulds to produce the first concrete slab in the first casting mould and the second concrete slab in the second casting mould.
  • the invention also relates to a ground slab field comprising at least a first concrete slab and a second concrete slab, and the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile between the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab.
  • the invention relates to ground slab fields, especially ground slab floors. Because a ground slab field shrinks when drying, the concrete slabs of a ground slab field move in relation to each other. For instance, temperature variations also cause relative movement of concrete slabs.
  • Ground slabs are cast on a bed of sand (bearing sand) which allows the concrete slabs to move in relation to the bed. Casting is done at the construction site using moulds which are placed on the bed. The moulds are usually placed on supports made on the bed so that the concrete slab settles at the correct height.
  • expansion joints allow said relative movement of the concrete slabs.
  • These expansion joints allow the lengthening, shortening and twisting of the slab.
  • the slab is usually completely cut.
  • the relative movement of the concrete slabs must be controlled. This means that the concrete slabs must not rise vertically, i.e. height-wise, in relation to each other at the expansion joint.
  • the concrete slabs must, however, be allowed to move horizontally in relation to each other.
  • these expansion joints utilise various dowel structures which aim at stopping the concrete slabs from moving incorrectly in relation to each other. The structure must be made such that the expansion joint is able to transfer a transverse movement.
  • a ground slab must also be separated by an expansion joint from all load-bearing structures and the like, such as walls, columns, machine bases, floor ducts and floor drains.
  • a floor has expansion joints between the concrete slabs in longitudinal and transverse direction. According to recommendations, the longitudinal expansion joints are usually approximately 1.5 to 2 times longer than the transverse expansion joints.
  • a sheet pile joint has a sheet pile made of wood or metal. Wooden sheet piles must be dismantled, but a steel sheet pile can either be dismantled or left in the concrete slab. Both joints have the common characteristic that when the floor shrinks, the sheet pile opens and also enables a small vertical movement, and that slab reinforcements often need to be used to prevent the sheet pile from giving. For its part, such a concrete slab reinforcement causes the edge of the concrete slab to rise up when shrinking.
  • a sheet pile joint must not be used in hard-tyre truck traffic.
  • the mould In a mortise bolt joint, the mould has conventionally been of wood. Steel armature is often used at the top part of the joint to protect the joint.
  • the bolts are installed in holes drilled in the wood and, on the other side, a plastic tube enabling the shrink movement is installed on top of the bolt.
  • This joint type has many problems. Dismantling the mould means breaking it, so reuse is not possible. It is also quite difficult to ensure that the bolts stay straight. The edge of the joint usually frays during dismantling and the mould cannot be dismantled on the following day.
  • a third alternative for making a mortise bolt joint is to first cast the slab and then to saw, at the correct location, a joint equalling a depth of 0.3 x slab height in the concrete to guide the crack into the correct location, and then to putty the joint.
  • a joint of this kind is difficult to extend until the wall, and the sawing is, as a working phase, difficult and expensive.
  • the joint also needs to be sawn, because if it is sawn too early, the edges will be damaged and if it is sawn too late, cracks may form randomly.
  • Prior art also includes the diamond dowel. It comprises mould- installed plastic parts, which are left in the cast, and when reinforcing the second side, square plates are installed into these recesses allowing a bidirectional movement. The mould work is the same as described above.
  • the method of the invention is characterized in that in it, a sheet- metal profile is used, the first side of which has at least one dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment fastened to it, and the second side of which sheet-metal profile has at least one anchoring means fastened to it, the sheet-metal profile is placed between a first casting mould and a second casting mould in such a manner that the at least one dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment on the first side of the sheet-metal profile is substantially horizontal in the first casting mould and that the at least one anchoring means on the second side of the sheet-metal profile is in the second casting mould, said at least one anchoring means is at least partly cast into the second concrete slab in such a manner that the anchoring means anchors the sheet-metal profile stationary into the second concrete slab, and the first dowel plate is at least partly cast into the first concrete slab in such a manner that the first dowel plate can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab so that the first concrete
  • the ground slab field of the invention is characterized in that at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate shaped substantially like a half- circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile, that at least one anchoring means is fastened to the second side of the sheet- metal profile, that the anchoring means is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab so that the anchoring means anchors the sheet-metal profile stationary to the second concrete slab, and that the first dowel plate is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab so that the first dowel plate can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab so that the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab together with the sheet-metal profile anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
  • At least one substantially horizontal dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile.
  • At least one anchoring means is correspondingly fastened to the second side of the sheet-metal profile.
  • the first dowel plate is sunk into the first concrete slab. Since in the solution of the invention, the purpose is to fasten the sheet-metal profile to the second concrete slab, the at least one anchoring means fastened to the sheet-metal profile is sunk into the second concrete slab.
  • the anchoring means on the second side of the sheet-metal profile fasten the sheet-metal profile better to the second concrete slab than the dowel plate fastens the sheet-metal profile to the first concrete slab. Due to the relative movement of the concrete slabs, the sheet-metai profile will thus remain fastened to the second concrete slab. The sheet-metal profile will unfasten from the first concrete slab, and the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab together with the sheet-metal profile fastened to it can move in relation to each other. Because the first dowel plate is fastened to the sheet-metal profile, which is fastened by the anchoring means to the second concrete slab, the movement of the first and the second concrete slab becomes controlled.
  • the first dowel plate is substantially horizontal.
  • the horizontal first dowel plate allows a horizontal movement and since the first dowel plate is shaped like a segment or half-circle, it allows horizontal movement without load peaks, because such a substantially segment- or half- circle-shaped dowel plate does not have corners to which the first concrete slab may catch on.
  • the solution of the invention provides the advantage that it can be used in ground slab fields in both longitudinal and transverse joints.
  • the solution of the invention allows the concrete slab to move both along the joint and at a right-angle against the joint.
  • the first dowel plate is preferably shaped like a half-circle or a segment, because these shapes do not cause load peaks, like shapes with corners do.
  • the solution of the invention facilitates casting, because there is one entity comprising a sheet-metal profile with at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate fastened to its first side and at least one anchoring means fastened to its second side, which entity is installed in place and fastened to its base (footing) without separate form work, pin installation or boring.
  • the mould also need not be dismantled after casting.
  • the method of the invention makes a faster phasing possible for casting work, because the adjacent concrete slab can be cast immediately after the previous one or even at the same time.
  • the operation of the joint can be calculated according to calculation instructions.
  • the dowel plates and anchoring plates stay straight and securely in place and their operation is ensured, because they are fastened to the sheet-metal profile which is left in the structure.
  • the method of the invention reduces subsequent work, because the sheet-metal profile used has anchoring means fastened to one side of the profile and dowel plates on the other side of the profile and the sheet-metal profile is left in the ground slab field, i.e. not removed from it.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view illustrating a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs
  • Figure 3 shows a side view illustrating a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs from above
  • Figure 5 shows a second concrete slab.
  • the figures show a ground slab field of the invention, which comprises at least a first concrete slab 1 and a second concrete slab 2.
  • the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile 3 between the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2.
  • the length of the sheet-metal profile depends on the length of the joint, and the height of the sheet-metal profile depends on the height of the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2.
  • the ground slab field can be a concrete floor, for instance.
  • At least one substantially horizontal dowel plate 5 shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile 3.
  • the first dowel plate 5 is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab 1
  • the anchoring means 6 is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab 2.
  • the purpose of the solution of the invention is that the anchoring means 6 anchors the sheet-metal profile 3 stationary into the second concrete slab 2 and the first dowel plate 5 is substantially horizontal in the first concrete slab 1 , in which case the first dowel plate 5 can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab 1.
  • the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 together with the sheet-metal profile fastened stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
  • the first concrete slab 1 is detached from the second concrete slab 2 at the sheet-metal profile 3 so that the sheet-metal profile 3 remains fastened to the second concrete slab 2.
  • the first dowel plate 5 and the anchoring means 6 are preferably fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 without a joint. This means that the first dowel plate 5 and/or the anchoring means 6 is formed of a fixed part of the sheet-metal profile 3. The first dowel plate 5 and the anchoring means 6 are preferably fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 by welding.
  • the anchoring means is preferably made of a second dowel plate 6.
  • the second dowel plate 6 is preferably shaped so that it at least partly differs from the horizontal, as shown in Figures 1 to 3. This helps the second dowel plate 6 to anchor better to the second concrete slab 2.
  • the second dowel plate 6 comprises anchoring means (not shown in the figures) adapted to anchor the second dowel plate 6 to the second concrete slab 2.
  • the second dowel plate 6 can also at least partly differ from the horizontal and comprise anchoring means.
  • the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 are preferably fastened to each other.
  • the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 are most preferably fastened to each other jointlessly, which in this case means that they are made of an originally uniform part.
  • the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 preferably form together a substantially circular structure.
  • first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 are preferably in the first concrete slab 1 and approximately 2/3 of the structure made up by the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 in the second concrete slab 2.
  • the structure made up by the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 is preferably fastened to an opening (not shown in the figures) extending through the sheet-metal profile 3.
  • the first dowel plate 5 preferably comprises a bearing element 7 to improve the movement between the first dowel plate 5 and the first concrete slab 1.
  • the bearing element 7 is preferably a plastic part which at least partly surrounds the first dowel plate 5.
  • the sheet-metal profile 3 is preferably L-shaped in cross-profile and located so that the horizontal part of the L-shaped profile is below the second concrete slab 2, i.e. on the same side as the anchoring means.
  • Figure 1 shows a solution in which only the second concrete slab 2 comprises an additional reinforcement 8.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a structure in which both the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 comprise an additional reinforcement 8. At least the additional reinforcement 8 in the first concrete slab 1 is preferably fastened with a fastening means (not shown in the figures), which unfastens as a result of the relative movement of the first concrete slab 1 and the sheet-metal profile 3.
  • Said fastening means can be a double-sided adhesive tape, for instance.
  • the additional reinforcement 8 in the first concrete slab 1 is fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 with a plug weld so that a hole (not shown in the figures) is bored into the additional reinforcement 8 for the weld.
  • Such holes and corresponding welds are made at every 400 to 800 mm, preferably at approximately every 600 mm.
  • the additional reinforcement 8 in the second concrete slab 2 is also fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 with a plug weld, but these welds are placed centrally with respect to the earlier ones and the distance between the welds in the halves is 200 to 400 mm, preferably approximately 300 mm.
  • the rigidity of the sheet-metal profile 3 between the plug welds is so small that the sheet-metal profile 3 gives and change of shape is possible.
  • the additional reinforcement 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with aluminium parts, such as aluminium pop rivets (not shown in the figures), having a considerably smaller strength than steel, and the rivets are left slightly loose. When the ground slab field shrinks, aluminium or the like, being weaker, gives and the joint can operate.
  • the additional reinforcements 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with conventional pop rivets which have an O ring underneath.
  • the additional reinforcements 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with elastic rubber nuts or the like (not shown in the figures).
  • the rubber/plastic item is fastened to a hole (not shown in the figures) drilled through the sheet-metal profile.
  • the additional reinforcement 8 is also anchored to the concrete slabs 1 , 2 with fixing lugs 9 fastened to the additional reinforcement 8.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a ground slab field.
  • At least a first casting mould and, beside it, at least a second casting mould (not shown in the figures) is formed, which have four sides (not shown in the figures), of which at least the side which is between the first and the second casting mould is made of a sheet-metal profile, and which casting moulds also have a floor (not shown in the figures) made of earth (not shown in the figures) or the like, and concrete is poured into the casting moulds.
  • the other casting mould sides can be made in other ways. For instance, if the other sides of the casting mould are against a wall, casting mould sides which create a gap (not shown in figures) between the wall and the concrete slab can be used. The gap between the wall and the concrete slab is achieved using profiles (not shown in the figures), for instance, which are removed from between the wall and the concrete slab leaving an empty space.
  • the method of the invention uses a sheet-metal profile 3 with at least one half-circle- or segment-shaped dowel plate 5 fastened to its first side and at least one anchoring means 6 fastened to its second side.
  • the sheet-metal profile 3 is placed between the first casting mould and the second casting mould so that the at least one substantially half-circle- or segment-shaped dowel plate 5 on the first side of the sheet-metal profile 3 is substantially horizontal in the first casting mould and so that the at least one anchoring means 6 on the second side of the sheet-metal profile 3 is in the second casting mould.
  • the concrete is poured into the first casting mould and the second casting mould to produce a first concrete slab in the first casting mould and a second concrete slab in the second casting mould.
  • said at least one anchoring means 6 is cast at least partly into the second concrete slab 2 so that the anchoring means 6 anchors the sheet-metal profile 3 stationary to the second concrete slab 2.
  • the first dowel plate 5 is correspondingly cast at least partly into the first concrete slab 1 so that the first dowel plate 5 can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab 1 so that the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 together with the sheet-metal profile 3 anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field comprising at least a first concrete slab and a second concrete slab (1 and 2). The first concrete slab and the second concrete slab are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile (3) between them. At least one substantially horizontal dowel plate (5) shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile. At least one anchoring means (6) is fastened to the second side of the sheet-metal profile (3). The anchoring means (6) is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab (2) so that the anchoring means (6) anchors the sheet-metal profile (3) stationary to the second concrete slab (2). The first dowel plate (5) is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab (1) so that the first dowel plate (5) can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab (1) so that the first concrete slab (1) and the second concrete slab (2) together with the sheet-metal profile (3) anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.

Description

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A GROUND SLAB FIELD AND A GROUND SLAB FIELD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a ground slab field which comprises at least a first concrete slab and a second concrete slab, in which method at least a first casting mould and, beside it, a second casting mould is formed, which casting moulds have four sides, of which at least the side which is between the casting moulds is made of a sheet-metal profile, and which casting moulds have a floor made of earth or the like; concrete is poured into the casting moulds to produce the first concrete slab in the first casting mould and the second concrete slab in the second casting mould.
The invention also relates to a ground slab field comprising at least a first concrete slab and a second concrete slab, and the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile between the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab.
The invention relates to ground slab fields, especially ground slab floors. Because a ground slab field shrinks when drying, the concrete slabs of a ground slab field move in relation to each other. For instance, temperature variations also cause relative movement of concrete slabs.
Ground slabs are cast on a bed of sand (bearing sand) which allows the concrete slabs to move in relation to the bed. Casting is done at the construction site using moulds which are placed on the bed. The moulds are usually placed on supports made on the bed so that the concrete slab settles at the correct height.
It is important that the ground slab floor is equipped with expansion joints which allow said relative movement of the concrete slabs. These expansion joints allow the lengthening, shortening and twisting of the slab. In expansion joints, the slab is usually completely cut. The relative movement of the concrete slabs must be controlled. This means that the concrete slabs must not rise vertically, i.e. height-wise, in relation to each other at the expansion joint. The concrete slabs must, however, be allowed to move horizontally in relation to each other. For this reason, these expansion joints utilise various dowel structures which aim at stopping the concrete slabs from moving incorrectly in relation to each other. The structure must be made such that the expansion joint is able to transfer a transverse movement.
A ground slab must also be separated by an expansion joint from all load-bearing structures and the like, such as walls, columns, machine bases, floor ducts and floor drains. A floor has expansion joints between the concrete slabs in longitudinal and transverse direction. According to recommendations, the longitudinal expansion joints are usually approximately 1.5 to 2 times longer than the transverse expansion joints.
Earlier, a sheet pile has been used in the longitudinal joints of a slab field and a mortise bolt in the transverse joints.
A sheet pile joint has a sheet pile made of wood or metal. Wooden sheet piles must be dismantled, but a steel sheet pile can either be dismantled or left in the concrete slab. Both joints have the common characteristic that when the floor shrinks, the sheet pile opens and also enables a small vertical movement, and that slab reinforcements often need to be used to prevent the sheet pile from giving. For its part, such a concrete slab reinforcement causes the edge of the concrete slab to rise up when shrinking. A sheet pile joint must not be used in hard-tyre truck traffic.
In a mortise bolt joint, the mould has conventionally been of wood. Steel armature is often used at the top part of the joint to protect the joint. The bolts are installed in holes drilled in the wood and, on the other side, a plastic tube enabling the shrink movement is installed on top of the bolt. Such a joint works when the slab shrinks in the direction of the bolts, but when the slab also shrinks in width, there is no room for movement. This joint type has many problems. Dismantling the mould means breaking it, so reuse is not possible. It is also quite difficult to ensure that the bolts stay straight. The edge of the joint usually frays during dismantling and the mould cannot be dismantled on the following day.
A third alternative for making a mortise bolt joint is to first cast the slab and then to saw, at the correct location, a joint equalling a depth of 0.3 x slab height in the concrete to guide the crack into the correct location, and then to putty the joint. A joint of this kind is difficult to extend until the wall, and the sawing is, as a working phase, difficult and expensive. When the concrete has hardened for approximately 8 to 24 hours, the joint also needs to be sawn, because if it is sawn too early, the edges will be damaged and if it is sawn too late, cracks may form randomly. Prior art also includes the diamond dowel. It comprises mould- installed plastic parts, which are left in the cast, and when reinforcing the second side, square plates are installed into these recesses allowing a bidirectional movement. The mould work is the same as described above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is thus an object of the invention to develop a method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field solving the above- mentioned problems.
The method of the invention is characterized in that in it, a sheet- metal profile is used, the first side of which has at least one dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment fastened to it, and the second side of which sheet-metal profile has at least one anchoring means fastened to it, the sheet-metal profile is placed between a first casting mould and a second casting mould in such a manner that the at least one dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment on the first side of the sheet-metal profile is substantially horizontal in the first casting mould and that the at least one anchoring means on the second side of the sheet-metal profile is in the second casting mould, said at least one anchoring means is at least partly cast into the second concrete slab in such a manner that the anchoring means anchors the sheet-metal profile stationary into the second concrete slab, and the first dowel plate is at least partly cast into the first concrete slab in such a manner that the first dowel plate can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab so that the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab together with the sheet-metal profile anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
The ground slab field of the invention is characterized in that at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate shaped substantially like a half- circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile, that at least one anchoring means is fastened to the second side of the sheet- metal profile, that the anchoring means is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab so that the anchoring means anchors the sheet-metal profile stationary to the second concrete slab, and that the first dowel plate is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab so that the first dowel plate can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab so that the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab together with the sheet-metal profile anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
The preferred embodiments of the ground slab field of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims 3 to 10. In the solution of the invention, at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile. At least one anchoring means is correspondingly fastened to the second side of the sheet-metal profile. The first dowel plate is sunk into the first concrete slab. Since in the solution of the invention, the purpose is to fasten the sheet-metal profile to the second concrete slab, the at least one anchoring means fastened to the sheet-metal profile is sunk into the second concrete slab. The anchoring means on the second side of the sheet-metal profile fasten the sheet-metal profile better to the second concrete slab than the dowel plate fastens the sheet-metal profile to the first concrete slab. Due to the relative movement of the concrete slabs, the sheet-metai profile will thus remain fastened to the second concrete slab. The sheet-metal profile will unfasten from the first concrete slab, and the first concrete slab and the second concrete slab together with the sheet-metal profile fastened to it can move in relation to each other. Because the first dowel plate is fastened to the sheet-metal profile, which is fastened by the anchoring means to the second concrete slab, the movement of the first and the second concrete slab becomes controlled. Because the concrete slabs must not move vertically in relation to each other, the first dowel plate is substantially horizontal. However, the horizontal first dowel plate allows a horizontal movement and since the first dowel plate is shaped like a segment or half-circle, it allows horizontal movement without load peaks, because such a substantially segment- or half- circle-shaped dowel plate does not have corners to which the first concrete slab may catch on. The solution of the invention provides the advantage that it can be used in ground slab fields in both longitudinal and transverse joints.
The solution of the invention allows the concrete slab to move both along the joint and at a right-angle against the joint.
The first dowel plate is preferably shaped like a half-circle or a segment, because these shapes do not cause load peaks, like shapes with corners do. The solution of the invention facilitates casting, because there is one entity comprising a sheet-metal profile with at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate fastened to its first side and at least one anchoring means fastened to its second side, which entity is installed in place and fastened to its base (footing) without separate form work, pin installation or boring.
In the solution of the invention, the mould also need not be dismantled after casting.
The method of the invention makes a faster phasing possible for casting work, because the adjacent concrete slab can be cast immediately after the previous one or even at the same time.
In addition, in the solution of the invention, the operation of the joint can be calculated according to calculation instructions.
In the method of the invention, the dowel plates and anchoring plates stay straight and securely in place and their operation is ensured, because they are fastened to the sheet-metal profile which is left in the structure.
In the solution of the invention, no slab reinforcements are needed in the joint, because the edge of the concrete slab does not rise when the concrete slab shrinks and because there are structures fastened to both sides of the sheet-metal profile of the concrete slabs to prevent this.
The method of the invention reduces subsequent work, because the sheet-metal profile used has anchoring means fastened to one side of the profile and dowel plates on the other side of the profile and the sheet-metal profile is left in the ground slab field, i.e. not removed from it.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail in connection with preferred embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings in which Figure 1 shows a side view illustrating a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs,
Figure 2 shows a side view illustrating a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs,
Figure 3 shows a side view illustrating a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs, Figure 4 shows a cross-profile of a joint between two concrete slabs from above, and
Figure 5 shows a second concrete slab.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The figures show a ground slab field of the invention, which comprises at least a first concrete slab 1 and a second concrete slab 2. The first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile 3 between the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2. The length of the sheet-metal profile depends on the length of the joint, and the height of the sheet-metal profile depends on the height of the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2.
There is preferably also a putty joint 4 between the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2. The ground slab field can be a concrete floor, for instance.
In the ground slab field of the invention, at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate 5 shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile 3.
At least one anchoring means 6, which is adapted to anchor the sheet-metal 3 stationary into the second concrete slab 2, is fastened to the second side of the sheet-metal profile 3.
The first dowel plate 5 is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab 1 , and the anchoring means 6 is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab 2. The purpose of the solution of the invention is that the anchoring means 6 anchors the sheet-metal profile 3 stationary into the second concrete slab 2 and the first dowel plate 5 is substantially horizontal in the first concrete slab 1 , in which case the first dowel plate 5 can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab 1. For this reason, the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 together with the sheet-metal profile fastened stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other. The first concrete slab 1 is detached from the second concrete slab 2 at the sheet-metal profile 3 so that the sheet-metal profile 3 remains fastened to the second concrete slab 2. The first dowel plate 5 and the anchoring means 6 are preferably fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 without a joint. This means that the first dowel plate 5 and/or the anchoring means 6 is formed of a fixed part of the sheet-metal profile 3. The first dowel plate 5 and the anchoring means 6 are preferably fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 by welding.
The anchoring means is preferably made of a second dowel plate 6.
The second dowel plate 6 is preferably shaped so that it at least partly differs from the horizontal, as shown in Figures 1 to 3. This helps the second dowel plate 6 to anchor better to the second concrete slab 2.
Alternatively, the second dowel plate 6 comprises anchoring means (not shown in the figures) adapted to anchor the second dowel plate 6 to the second concrete slab 2.
The second dowel plate 6 can also at least partly differ from the horizontal and comprise anchoring means.
The first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 are preferably fastened to each other.
The first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 are most preferably fastened to each other jointlessly, which in this case means that they are made of an originally uniform part.
The first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 preferably form together a substantially circular structure.
Approximately 1/3 of the structure made up by the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 is preferably in the first concrete slab 1 and approximately 2/3 of the structure made up by the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 in the second concrete slab 2.
The structure made up by the first dowel plate 5 and the second dowel plate 6 is preferably fastened to an opening (not shown in the figures) extending through the sheet-metal profile 3. The first dowel plate 5 preferably comprises a bearing element 7 to improve the movement between the first dowel plate 5 and the first concrete slab 1.
The bearing element 7 is preferably a plastic part which at least partly surrounds the first dowel plate 5. The sheet-metal profile 3 is preferably L-shaped in cross-profile and located so that the horizontal part of the L-shaped profile is below the second concrete slab 2, i.e. on the same side as the anchoring means.
Figure 1 shows a solution in which only the second concrete slab 2 comprises an additional reinforcement 8.
Figures 2 and 3 show a structure in which both the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 comprise an additional reinforcement 8. At least the additional reinforcement 8 in the first concrete slab 1 is preferably fastened with a fastening means (not shown in the figures), which unfastens as a result of the relative movement of the first concrete slab 1 and the sheet-metal profile 3. Said fastening means can be a double-sided adhesive tape, for instance.
Alternatively, the additional reinforcement 8 in the first concrete slab 1 is fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 with a plug weld so that a hole (not shown in the figures) is bored into the additional reinforcement 8 for the weld. Such holes and corresponding welds are made at every 400 to 800 mm, preferably at approximately every 600 mm. The additional reinforcement 8 in the second concrete slab 2 is also fastened to the sheet-metal profile 3 with a plug weld, but these welds are placed centrally with respect to the earlier ones and the distance between the welds in the halves is 200 to 400 mm, preferably approximately 300 mm. When the ground slab field shrinks, the rigidity of the sheet-metal profile 3 between the plug welds is so small that the sheet-metal profile 3 gives and change of shape is possible.
Alternatively, the additional reinforcement 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with aluminium parts, such as aluminium pop rivets (not shown in the figures), having a considerably smaller strength than steel, and the rivets are left slightly loose. When the ground slab field shrinks, aluminium or the like, being weaker, gives and the joint can operate. Alternatively, the additional reinforcements 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with conventional pop rivets which have an O ring underneath.
Alternatively, the additional reinforcements 8 and the sheet-metal profile 3 are fastened to each other with elastic rubber nuts or the like (not shown in the figures). The rubber/plastic item is fastened to a hole (not shown in the figures) drilled through the sheet-metal profile. When the ground slab field shrinks, the rubber yields and the floor can change shape. A combination of the above fastening methods is also possible. In the structures illustrated in the figures, the additional reinforcement 8 is also anchored to the concrete slabs 1 , 2 with fixing lugs 9 fastened to the additional reinforcement 8. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a ground slab field.
In the method, at least a first casting mould and, beside it, at least a second casting mould (not shown in the figures) is formed, which have four sides (not shown in the figures), of which at least the side which is between the first and the second casting mould is made of a sheet-metal profile, and which casting moulds also have a floor (not shown in the figures) made of earth (not shown in the figures) or the like, and concrete is poured into the casting moulds.
The other casting mould sides can be made in other ways. For instance, if the other sides of the casting mould are against a wall, casting mould sides which create a gap (not shown in figures) between the wall and the concrete slab can be used. The gap between the wall and the concrete slab is achieved using profiles (not shown in the figures), for instance, which are removed from between the wall and the concrete slab leaving an empty space.
The method of the invention uses a sheet-metal profile 3 with at least one half-circle- or segment-shaped dowel plate 5 fastened to its first side and at least one anchoring means 6 fastened to its second side.
The sheet-metal profile 3 is placed between the first casting mould and the second casting mould so that the at least one substantially half-circle- or segment-shaped dowel plate 5 on the first side of the sheet-metal profile 3 is substantially horizontal in the first casting mould and so that the at least one anchoring means 6 on the second side of the sheet-metal profile 3 is in the second casting mould. After this, the concrete is poured into the first casting mould and the second casting mould to produce a first concrete slab in the first casting mould and a second concrete slab in the second casting mould.
In the method of the invention, said at least one anchoring means 6 is cast at least partly into the second concrete slab 2 so that the anchoring means 6 anchors the sheet-metal profile 3 stationary to the second concrete slab 2. The first dowel plate 5 is correspondingly cast at least partly into the first concrete slab 1 so that the first dowel plate 5 can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab 1 so that the first concrete slab 1 and the second concrete slab 2 together with the sheet-metal profile 3 anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that while technology progresses, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in many ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not restricted to the examples described above, but can vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a ground slab field which comprises at least a first concrete slab (1) and a second concrete slab (2), in which method at least a first casting mould and, beside it, a second casting mould is formed, which casting moulds have four sides, of which at least the side which is between the casting moulds is made of a sheet-metal profile (3), and which casting moulds have a floor made of earth or the like, concrete is poured into the casting moulds, and the first concrete slab (1 ) is produced in the first casting mould and the second concrete slab (2) in the second casting mould, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that in the method a sheet-metal profile (3) is used, the first side of which has at least one dowel plate (5) shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment fastened to it, and the second side of which sheet-metal profile (3) has at least one anchoring means (6) fastened to it, the sheet-metal profile (3) is placed between a first casting mould and a second casting mould in such a manner that the at least one dowel plate (5) shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment on the first side of the sheet-metal profile (3) is substantially horizontal in the first casting mould and that the at least one anchoring means (6) on the second side of the sheet- metal profile (3) is in the second casting mould, said at least one anchoring means (6) is at least partly cast into the second concrete slab (2) in such a manner that the anchoring means (6) anchors the sheet-metai profile (3) stationary into the second concrete slab (2), and the first dowel plate (5) is at least partly cast into the first concrete slab (1) in such a manner that the first dowel plate (5) can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab (1) so that the first concrete slab (1 ) and the second concrete slab (2) together with the sheet-metal profile (3) anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
2. A ground slab field comprising at least a first concrete slab (1 ) and a second concrete slab (2), and the first concrete slab (1) and the second concrete slab (2) are located substantially level side by side with a sheet-metal profile (3) between the first concrete slab (1) and the second concrete slab (2), characterized in that at least one substantially horizontal dowel plate (5) shaped substantially like a half-circle or a segment is fastened to the first side of the sheet-metal profile (3), at least one anchoring means (6) is fastened to the second side of the sheet-metal profile (3), the anchoring means (6) is at least partly sunk into the second concrete slab (2) so that the anchoring means (6) anchors the sheet-metal profile (3) stationary to the second concrete slab (2), and the first dowel plate (5) is at least partly sunk into the first concrete slab (1) so that the first dowel plate (5) can only move substantially horizontally in the first concrete slab (1) so that the first concrete slab (1) and the second concrete slab (2) together with the sheet-metal profile (3) anchored stationary to it can only move substantially horizontally in relation to each other.
3. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the anchoring means (6) is formed of a second dowel plate (6).
4. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the second dowel plate (6) is shaped so that it at least partly differs from the horizontal.
5. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the first dowel plate (5) and the second dowel plate (6) are fastened to each other.
6. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the first dowel plate (5) and the second dowel plate (6) form together a substantially circular structure.
7. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the structure formed by the first dowel plate (5) and the second dowel plate (6) is fastened to a hole extending through the sheet-metal profile (3).
8. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the first dowel plate (5) comprises a bearing element (7) to improve the movement between the first dowel plate (5) and the first concrete slab (1 ).
9. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the bearing element (7) is a plastic part which at least partly surrounds the first dowel plate (5).
10. A ground slab field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the sheet-metal profile (3) is L-shaped in cross-profile and located so that the horizontal part of the L-shaped profile is in the bottom area of the second concrete slab 2.
PCT/FI1999/000865 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field WO2000023653A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69913977T DE69913977T2 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PANEL BOTTOM AND A PANEL BOTTOM
PL347369A PL204665B1 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field
AT99952664T ATE257196T1 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 METHOD OF MAKING A SLAB FLOOR AND A SLATE FLOOR
DE19983667T DE19983667T1 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method of making a base plate field and a base plate field
AU64784/99A AU6478499A (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field
EP99952664A EP1123443B1 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field
DK99952664T DK1123443T3 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Process for producing a terrain plate field and a terrain plate field
NO20011881A NO316179B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2001-04-11 Process for making a cover portion and such cover portion

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI982269 1998-10-20
FI982269A FI982269A0 (en) 1998-10-20 1998-10-20 Process for the production of fields of soil-reinforced concrete slabs and fields of soil-reinforced concrete slabs
FI982675A FI110631B (en) 1998-10-20 1998-12-10 Process for the preparation of a field of ground-fixed concrete slabs and fields of ground-fixed concrete slabs
FI982675 1998-12-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000023653A1 true WO2000023653A1 (en) 2000-04-27

Family

ID=26160658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1999/000865 WO2000023653A1 (en) 1998-10-20 1999-10-19 Method for manufacturing a ground slab field and a ground slab field

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1123443B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE257196T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6478499A (en)
DE (2) DE19983667T1 (en)
DK (1) DK1123443T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2212643T3 (en)
FI (1) FI110631B (en)
NO (1) NO316179B1 (en)
PL (1) PL204665B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000023653A1 (en)

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FR2812891A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-15 Freyssinet Int Stup Connector for paving slabs subjected to heavy loads, e.g. in car parks, comprises two sockets, each with recess which are fitted into edges of slabs with recesses facing each other, circular key being fitted into recesses to connect slabs
FR2848581A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-18 G S E Concrete slabs load transfer permitting system, has assembly plates to permit transfer of vertical loads and to allow free movement along x-axis and y-axis of concrete slabs, and wire mesh with fold for framing slab sides
US6926463B2 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-08-09 Lee A. Shaw Disk plate concrete dowel system
BE1016147A3 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-04-04 Coredis S A Concrete slab metallic joint, has female part, placed in slab, with longitudinal flat bar and mortises that cooperate with tenons of male part, placed in another slab, having continuous flat bar, where bars form upper arris between slabs
WO2005111332A3 (en) * 2004-05-14 2006-04-20 David Peter Samson A load plate and method of casting adjacent slabs of concrete
WO2006123176A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Seamus Michael Devlin Financial transaction controlled system
US7314333B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-01-01 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
US7338230B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-03-04 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
EP1985759A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2008-10-29 Permaban Limited Concrete Floor Slab
WO2009092858A1 (en) * 2008-01-21 2009-07-30 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
US7604432B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2009-10-20 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
WO2010004294A3 (en) * 2008-07-10 2010-12-16 Permaban Limited Screed rail apparatus
US8539726B2 (en) 2008-01-21 2013-09-24 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
WO2014111712A1 (en) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Shaun Spurrell Apparatus for forming a joint
EP2245228A4 (en) * 2008-01-21 2015-03-04 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
US9340969B1 (en) 2014-11-13 2016-05-17 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Crush zone dowel tube
US9617694B2 (en) 2014-01-15 2017-04-11 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel system
US10858825B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-12-08 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel placement system and method of making the same
US11578491B2 (en) 2020-02-07 2023-02-14 Shaw Craftsmen Concrete, Llc Topping slab installation methodology
US11623380B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2023-04-11 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel placement system and method of making the same

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FI116154B (en) 2001-02-05 2005-09-30 Vaelisuomen Imubetoni Oy Concrete tile expansion joint system
US20070134063A1 (en) 2005-12-14 2007-06-14 Shaw And Sons, Inc. Dowel device with closed end speed cover
GB2475289A (en) 2009-11-12 2011-05-18 Peikko Group Oy Apparatus for adjusting the height of a floor joint system
GB2476055B (en) 2009-12-08 2016-04-20 Peikko Group Oy Frangible connector for clamping two plates together

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US2500262A (en) * 1945-05-04 1950-03-14 William J Parrott Load transfer device
US4657430A (en) * 1983-01-24 1987-04-14 Marionneaux John L Roadway and roadway expansion joint
EP0119652A2 (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-09-26 Heinz Witschi Connection and stress repartition element for concrete parts
US5674028A (en) * 1995-07-28 1997-10-07 Norin; Kenton Neal Doweled construction joint and method of forming same

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2812891A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-15 Freyssinet Int Stup Connector for paving slabs subjected to heavy loads, e.g. in car parks, comprises two sockets, each with recess which are fitted into edges of slabs with recesses facing each other, circular key being fitted into recesses to connect slabs
EP1985759A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2008-10-29 Permaban Limited Concrete Floor Slab
FR2848581A1 (en) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-18 G S E Concrete slabs load transfer permitting system, has assembly plates to permit transfer of vertical loads and to allow free movement along x-axis and y-axis of concrete slabs, and wire mesh with fold for framing slab sides
WO2004065694A1 (en) 2002-12-17 2004-08-05 Gse System for transferring loads between cast-in-place slabs
US7604432B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2009-10-20 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
US6926463B2 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-08-09 Lee A. Shaw Disk plate concrete dowel system
US7314333B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-01-01 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
US7338230B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-03-04 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Plate concrete dowel system
US7381008B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-06-03 Shaw Lee A Disk plate concrete dowel system
WO2005111332A3 (en) * 2004-05-14 2006-04-20 David Peter Samson A load plate and method of casting adjacent slabs of concrete
BE1016147A3 (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-04-04 Coredis S A Concrete slab metallic joint, has female part, placed in slab, with longitudinal flat bar and mortises that cooperate with tenons of male part, placed in another slab, having continuous flat bar, where bars form upper arris between slabs
WO2006123176A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Seamus Michael Devlin Financial transaction controlled system
EP2245228A4 (en) * 2008-01-21 2015-03-04 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
US8516761B2 (en) 2008-01-21 2013-08-27 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
US8539726B2 (en) 2008-01-21 2013-09-24 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
WO2009092858A1 (en) * 2008-01-21 2009-07-30 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
EP2245227A4 (en) * 2008-01-21 2015-03-04 Peikko Group Oy Expansion joint system of concrete slab arrangement
WO2010004294A3 (en) * 2008-07-10 2010-12-16 Permaban Limited Screed rail apparatus
AU2014206674B2 (en) * 2013-01-18 2017-05-18 Leviat Limited Apparatus for forming a joint
WO2014111712A1 (en) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Shaun Spurrell Apparatus for forming a joint
US9617694B2 (en) 2014-01-15 2017-04-11 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel system
US9951481B2 (en) 2014-01-15 2018-04-24 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel system
US9546456B2 (en) 2014-11-13 2017-01-17 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Crush zone dowel tube
US9340969B1 (en) 2014-11-13 2016-05-17 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Crush zone dowel tube
US10858825B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-12-08 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel placement system and method of making the same
US11623380B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2023-04-11 Shaw & Sons, Inc. Concrete dowel placement system and method of making the same
US11578491B2 (en) 2020-02-07 2023-02-14 Shaw Craftsmen Concrete, Llc Topping slab installation methodology

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69913977D1 (en) 2004-02-05
DE19983667T1 (en) 2001-11-22
DK1123443T3 (en) 2004-05-03
PL204665B1 (en) 2010-01-29
NO316179B1 (en) 2003-12-22
ATE257196T1 (en) 2004-01-15
DE69913977T2 (en) 2004-12-09
EP1123443B1 (en) 2004-01-02
NO20011881D0 (en) 2001-04-11
AU6478499A (en) 2000-05-08
FI982675A (en) 2000-04-21
FI982675A0 (en) 1998-12-10
NO20011881L (en) 2001-04-11
EP1123443A1 (en) 2001-08-16
ES2212643T3 (en) 2004-07-16
PL347369A1 (en) 2002-04-08
FI110631B (en) 2003-02-28

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