WO2000021950A1 - 2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindole derivatives useful as modulators of dopamine d3 receptors (antipsychotic agents) - Google Patents

2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindole derivatives useful as modulators of dopamine d3 receptors (antipsychotic agents) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000021950A1
WO2000021950A1 PCT/EP1999/007762 EP9907762W WO0021950A1 WO 2000021950 A1 WO2000021950 A1 WO 2000021950A1 EP 9907762 W EP9907762 W EP 9907762W WO 0021950 A1 WO0021950 A1 WO 0021950A1
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formula
compound
group
dihydro
isoindole
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French (fr)
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Christopher Norbert Johnson
Geoffrey Stemp
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SmithKline Beecham Ltd
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SmithKline Beecham Ltd
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Priority to AU10380/00A priority Critical patent/AU1038000A/en
Priority to AT99953832T priority patent/ATE312830T1/en
Priority to EP99953832A priority patent/EP1119562B1/en
Priority to HK02100619.9A priority patent/HK1040393A1/en
Priority to JP2000575856A priority patent/JP2002527432A/en
Priority to US09/806,894 priority patent/US6521638B1/en
Priority to DE69928951T priority patent/DE69928951D1/en
Publication of WO2000021950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000021950A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole derivatives, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, as modulators of dopamine D3 receptors, in particular as antipsychotic agents.
  • Rl, R ⁇ and R 3 are each inter alia hydrogen;
  • X is inter alia (CtlNJrnNR ⁇ CO; m is 2-4; and
  • Ar ⁇ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring.
  • the compounds are said to be useful as antiarrhythmic agents.
  • R is OR 3 , NR 4 R 5 , or N(OR 4 )R 5 , R 4 and R 5 are inter alia hydrogen, lower alkyl, aroyl or heteroaroyl; m is zero, 1 or 2; R s hydrogen, aryl or various heteroaryl groups; n is zero or 1-4; and R ⁇ is:
  • the compounds are said to be dopaminergic agents useful as antipsychotics, antihypertensives and also of use in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia-related conditions and several central nervous system disorders.
  • WO 95/10513 describes benzothiophene derivatives and related compounds as estrogen agonists.
  • WO 97/43262 and WO 98/06699 describe tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor.
  • R! represents a substituent selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethyl, Ci_4alkyl, C ⁇ _4alkoxy, arylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, C ⁇ _4alkylthio, C ⁇ _4alkoxyC ⁇ _4alkyl, C3-.6cycloalkylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, C j ⁇ alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyloxy, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonamido, Ci ⁇ alkylamid
  • alkyl, or arylC ⁇ _4alkanoyl group a group R 3 OCO(C ⁇ 2 )p, R 3 CON(R 4 )(CH 2 ) p , R R 4 NCO(CH 2 ) p or R 3 R 4 NSO 2 (CH 2 ) p where each of R 3 and R 4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C _4alkyl group or R 3 R 4 forms part of a C3.
  • ⁇ azacyloalkane or C3_6(2-oxo)azacycloalkane ring and p represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4; or a group Ar -Z, wherein Ar 3 represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring and Z represents a bond, O, S , or CH 2 ;
  • R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a Cj ⁇ alkyl group; q is 1 or 2;
  • A represents a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d):
  • Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system; Arl and Ar ⁇ each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; and
  • Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH 2 -, or -(CH 2 ) m ⁇ l(CH 2 ) n -, wherein ⁇ l represents O, S, SO 2 , or CO and m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1 ; providing that when A represents a group of formula (a), any substituent present in Ar ortho to the carboxamide moiety is necessarily a hydrogen or a methoxy group; r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4; V represents a bond, O or S; and salts thereof.
  • alkyl group or moiety may be straight or branched.
  • Alkyl groups which may be employed include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n- butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and any branched isomers thereof such as isopropyl, t-butyl, sec- butyl, and the like.
  • R! represents an arylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoC 1.4 alkyl, arylcarboxamidoC ⁇ _4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCi ⁇ alkyl, or arylCi_4alkanoyl group
  • the aryl moiety may be selected from an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.
  • an aryl moiety may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, Cj ⁇ alkyl, Ci ⁇ alkylamino, C ⁇ _4dialkylamino, Cj ⁇ alkylamido, C ⁇ _ 4alkanoyl, or R ⁇ R ⁇ NCO where each of R ⁇ and R" independently represents a hydrogen atom or C ⁇ _4alkyl group.
  • a halogen atom present in the compounds of formula (I) may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring as defined for any of the groups Ar, Ar*, Ar ⁇ or Ar 3 may contain from 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S. When the ring contains 2-4 heteroatoms, one is preferably selected from O, N and S and the remaining heteroatoms are preferably N.
  • Examples of 5 and 6- membered heterocyclic groups include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl and pyrazolyl.
  • bicyclic, for example bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic, ring systems for Ar include naphthyl, indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolo[l,5- ajpyrimidyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridyl, pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, 1,2- dihydro-2-oxo-quinolinyl, 3,4-dihydro-2-oxo-4H-benzoxazinyl, l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3 ⁇ - indoly
  • the rings Ar, Ar*, or Ar ⁇ may each independently be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C ⁇ _4alkyl, C ⁇ _4alkoxy, C ⁇ _4alkylenedioxy, C ⁇ _4alkanoyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ _ 4 alkylsulfmyl, Cj- ⁇ alkylthio, R 7 SO 2 N(R 8 )-, R 7 R 8 NSO 2 -, R 7 R 8 N-, R 7 R 8 NCO-, or R 7 CON(R 8 )- group wherein each of R 7 and R 8 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Ci .4 alkyl group, or R 7 R 8 together form a C3.6 alkylene chain.
  • substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a
  • Ar and Ar ⁇ may be optionally substituted by one or more 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic rings, as defined above, optionally substituted by a C ⁇ -, 2 alkyl or R 7 R 8 N- group; wherein R 7 and R 8 are as defined above.
  • the salts of formula (I) should be physiologically acceptable. Suitable physiologically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include for example acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids eg. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids eg. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Other non-physiologically acceptable salts eg. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of formula (I) and are included within the scope of this invention. Also included within the scope of the invention are solvates and hydrates of compounds of formula (I).
  • Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
  • the compounds of formula (I) can exist in the form of cis- and trans- isomers with respect to the configuration at the cyclohexyl ring.
  • A represents a group (c) the compounds may also exist as geometric isomers around the double bond.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including mixtures.
  • the compounds of the invention are in the trans configuration with respect to the cyclohexyl ring.
  • trans geometry of the double bond is preferred.
  • R! represents a substituent selected from: a halogen atom, methyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethoxy group.
  • q is 1.
  • R ⁇ is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the group A is preferably a group of formula (a), (b) or (c).
  • Ar include optionally substituted indolyl, pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl or pyrrolopyridyl.
  • preferred examples are optionally substituted phenyl groups.
  • the rings Ar, Ar*, or Ar ⁇ are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, cyano, methoxy, methylenedioxy, acetyl, acetylamino, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonyloxy, methylaminosulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, or methylaminocarbonyl group.
  • substituted heteroaromatic ring systems included in compounds of formula (I) may exist in one or more tautomeric forms.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all such tautomeric forms, including mixtures.
  • Particular compounds according to the invention include those specifically exemplified and named hereinafter. These compounds may be in the form of their free base or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, particularly the monohydrochloride or monomesylate salts.
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing compounds of formula (I) which process comprises :
  • A is as hereinbefore defined and X is a halogen atom or the residue of an activated ester;
  • R ⁇ and A are as hereinbefore defined and one R* a represents a group W wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, or W is a group M selected from a boron derivative e.g. a boronic acid function B(OH) 2 or a metal function such as trialkylstannyl e.g. SnBu3, zinc halide or magnesium halide, and when q is 2 the other R a is R!
  • a boron derivative e.g. a boronic acid function B(OH) 2 or a metal function such as trialkylstannyl e.g. SnBu3, zinc halide or magnesium halide
  • R ⁇ and A are as hereinbefore defined and one R ⁇ 0 represents a group ZH and when q is 2 the other R ⁇ b represents R*; with a reagent serving to introduce the group Ar 3 ;
  • Rl, R2, AJI , W and q are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound Ar ⁇ -W*, wherein W ⁇ is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M, or Wl is a group M when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group.
  • Process (a) may be effected using conventional methods for the formation of an amide bond.
  • X is the residue of an activated ester this may be formed with e.g. a carbodiimide such as l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent such as dichloromethane.
  • Reaction of a compound of formula (IV) with Ar 3 W ⁇ , according to process (c) or a compound of formula (VI) with Ar ⁇ -W ⁇ according to process (e) may be effected in the presence of a transition metal eg palladium catalyst such as bis- triphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride or tetr ⁇ fcw-triphenylphosphinepalladium (0).
  • a transition metal eg palladium catalyst
  • M represents a boronic acid function such as B(OH) 2
  • the reaction may be carried out under basic conditions, for example using aqueous sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as dioxane.
  • M is trialkylstannyl
  • the reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent, such as xylene or dioxane optionally in the presence of LiCl.
  • M is a zinc or magnesium halide
  • the reaction may be effected in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofiiran.
  • the substituent W is preferably a halogen atom such as bromine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy; and w s preferably a goup M, such as trialkylstannyl or B(OH) 2 .
  • the reagent serving to introduce the group Ar 3 is preferably a compound of formula Ar -Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom.
  • the reaction may be effected in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as dimethylformamide .
  • Interconversion reactions according to process (f) may be effected using methods well known in the art.
  • a compound of formula (VII) may itself be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (Vffl):
  • Suitable reducing agents which may be employed include sodium borohydride, cyanoborohydride or triacetoxyborohydride under acidic conditions, or catalytic hydrogenation.
  • the reaction may conveniently be effected in a solvent such as ethanol or dichloroethane.
  • the individual cis- and trans- isomers of a compound of formula (II) may be prepared starting from cis- or trans- 4-amino-cyclohexaneacetic acid (T.P. Johnson, et al., J. Med. Chem., 1997, (20), 279-290) followed by functional group interchange and/or protection using methods well known in the art, to give the individual cis- or trans- isomers of a compound of formula (X):
  • R ⁇ is as hereinbefore defined
  • P is a protecting group, for example trifluoroacetyl or tert-butoxycarbonyl.
  • Compounds of formula (IV), (V) or (VI) may be prepared by processes analogous to (a), (b), (c) and (d) described above.
  • Compounds Ar ⁇ W ⁇ , Ar 3 W and Ar 3 Hal are commercially available or may be prepared by standard methods.
  • Compounds of formula (V ⁇ i) are known in the literature or may be prepared by known methods.
  • the compound of formula (IX) is likewise known in the literature.
  • Compounds of formula (I) have been found to exhibit affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and are expected to be useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions. Compounds of formula (I) have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D3 than for D 2 receptors.
  • antipsychotic agents neuropeptides
  • eps extrapyramidal side effects
  • Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore those which have higher affinity for dopamine D3 than dopamine D 2 receptors (such affinity can be measured using standard methodology for example using cloned dopamine receptors). Said compounds may advantageously be used as selective modulators of D3 receptors.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are of potential use as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders, psychotic depression, mania, paranoid and delusional disorders. Furthermore, they could have utility as adjunct therapy in Parkinsons Disease, particularly with compounds such as L- DOPA and possibly dopaminergic agonists, to reduce the side effects experienced with these treatments on long term use (eg see Schwartz et al., Brain Res. Reviews, 1998, 26, 236-242). From the localisation of D3 receptors, it could also be envisaged that the compounds could also have utility for the treatment of substance abuse where it has been suggested that D3 receptors are involved (eg see Levant, 1997, Pharmacol. Rev., 49, 231- 252) .
  • Examples of such substance abuse include alcohol, cocaine and nicotine abuse.
  • Other conditions which may be treated by the compounds include dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias; depression; anxiety, cognitive impairment including memory disorders such as Alzheimers disease, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders e.g. IBS.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia.
  • a preferred use for D3 antagonists according to the present invention is in the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia.
  • the compounds of the present invention are usually administered as a standard pharmaceutical composition.
  • the present invention therefore provides in a further aspect pharmaceutical compositions comprising a novel compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a physiologically acceptable carrier.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be administered by any convenient method, for example by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their physiologically acceptable salts which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, for example syrups, suspensions or emulsions, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
  • a liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or physiologically acceptable salt in a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • the formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring or colouring agent.
  • a composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) include magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
  • a composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures.
  • pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
  • Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the compound or physiologically acceptable salt in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
  • compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders.
  • Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a physiologically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device.
  • the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted.
  • the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser
  • a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as a fluoro- chlorohydrocarbon.
  • the aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
  • compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
  • Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
  • compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
  • the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
  • Each dosage unit for oral administration contains preferably from 1 to 250 mg (and for parenteral administration contains preferably from 0.1 to 25 mg) of a compound of the formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base.
  • the physiologically acceptable compounds of the invention will normally be administered in a daily dosage regimen (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral dose of between 1 mg and 500 mg, preferably between 10 mg and 400 mg,e.g. between 10 and 250 mg or an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular dose of between 0.1 mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0.1 mg and 50 mg, e.g. between 1 and 25 mg of the compound of the formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base, the compound being administered 1 to 4 times per day.
  • the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more.
  • the ability of the compounds to bind selectively to human D3 dopamine receptors can be demonstrated by measuring their binding to cloned receptors.
  • the inhibition constants (Kj) of test compounds for displacement of [1 ⁇ 1] iodosulpride binding to human D3 dopamine receptors expressed in CHO cells were determined as follows. The cell lines were shown to be free from bacterial, fungal and mycoplasmal contaminants, and stocks of each were stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cultures were grown as monolayers or in suspension in standard cell culture media. Cells were recovered by scraping (from monolayers) or by centrifugation (from suspension cultures), and were washed two or three times by suspension in phosphate buffered saline followed by collection by centrifugation. Cell pellets were stored frozen at -40°C. Crude cell membranes were prepared by homogenisation followed by high-speed centrifugation, and characterisation of cloned receptors achieved by radioligand binding.
  • the membrane pellet was resuspended in ice-cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), using an Ultra-Turrax, and recentrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 15 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C. The membranes were washed two more times with ice-cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C). The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), and the protein content determined using bovine serum albumin as a standard (Bradford, M. M. (1976) Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254).
  • the functional activity of compounds at human D2 and human D3 receptors may be determined using a Cytosensor Microphysiometer (McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912)
  • McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912 a Cytosensor Microphysiometer
  • cells hD2_CHO or hD3_CHO
  • FCS foetal calf serum
  • cups were loaded into the sensor chambers of the Cytosensor Microphysiometer (Molecular Devices) and the chambers perfused with running medium (bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl) at a flow rate of 100 ul min. Each pump cycle lasted 90s. The pump was on for the first 60s and the acidification rate determined between 68 and 88s, using the Cytosoft programme. Test compounds were diluted in running medium. In experiments to determine agonist activity, cells were exposed (4.5 min for hD2, 7.5 min for hD3) to increasing concentrations of putative agonist at half hour intervals. Seven concentrations of the putative agonist were used.
  • running medium bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl
  • Peak acidification rate to each putative agonist concentration was determined and concentration-response curves fitted using Robofit [Tilford, N.S., Bowen, W.P. & Baxter, G.S. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995) in press].
  • cells were treated at 30 min intervals with five pulses of a submaximal concentration of quinpirole (100 nM for hD2 cells, 30 nM for hD3 cells), before exposure to the lowest concentration of putative antagonist. At the end of the next 30 min interval, cells were pulsed again with quinpirole (in the continued presence of the antagonist) before exposure to the next highest antagonist concentration. In all, five concentrations of antagonist were used in each experiment. Peak acidification rate to each agonist concentration was determined and concentration-inhibition curves fitted using Robofit.
  • Buffer Suitable buffers include citrate, phosphate, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid.
  • Solvent Typically water but may also include cyclodextrins (1-100 mg) and co- solvents such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and alcohol.
  • cyclodextrins may also include cyclodextrins
  • Diluent e.g. Microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, starch
  • Binder e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropymethylcellulose Disintegrant : e.g. Sodium starch glycollate, crospovidone
  • Lubricant e.g. Magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate.
  • Suspending agent e.g. Xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose
  • Diluent e.g. sorbitol solution, typically water
  • Preservative e.g. sodium benzoate
  • Buffer e.g. citrate
  • Co-solvent e.g. alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, cyclodextrin

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Abstract

0ompounds of formula (I), wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C¿1-4? alkyl group; q is 1 or 2; A represents a group of formula (a), (b), (c) or (d), wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system; Ar?1 and Ar2¿ each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; and Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH¿2?-, or -(CH2)mY?1(CH¿2)n-, wherein Y1 represents O, S, SO¿2? or CO and m and n each represent zero or (I) such that the sum of m + n is zero or 1; providing that when A represents a group of formula (a), any substituent present in Ar ortho to the carboxamide moiety is necessarily a hydrogen or methoxy group; r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4; V represents a bond, O or S; and salts thereof.Compounds of formula (I) and their salts have affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and thus potential in the treatment of conditions wherein modulation of the D3 receptor is beneficial, e.g. as antipsychotic agents.

Description

2,3-DIHYDRO-lH-ISOINDOLE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF DOPAMINE D3 RECEPTORS (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS)
The present invention relates to novel 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole derivatives, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, as modulators of dopamine D3 receptors, in particular as antipsychotic agents.
US Patent No. 5,294,621 describes tetrahydropyridine derivatives of the formula:
wherein
Figure imgf000003_0001
is an optionally substituted thienyl or optionally substituted phenyl ring; Rl, R^ and R3 are each inter alia hydrogen; X is inter alia (CtlNJrnNR^CO; m is 2-4; and Ar^ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring. The compounds are said to be useful as antiarrhythmic agents.
EPA 431,580 describes compounds of formula
Figure imgf000003_0002
wherein R is OR3, NR4R5, or N(OR4)R5, R4 and R5 are inter alia hydrogen, lower alkyl, aroyl or heteroaroyl; m is zero, 1 or 2; R s hydrogen, aryl or various heteroaryl groups; n is zero or 1-4; and R^ is:
Figure imgf000003_0003
The compounds are said to be dopaminergic agents useful as antipsychotics, antihypertensives and also of use in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia-related conditions and several central nervous system disorders. WO 95/10513 describes benzothiophene derivatives and related compounds as estrogen agonists.
WO 97/43262 and WO 98/06699 describe tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor.
We have now found a class of 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole derivatives which have affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and thus potential in the treatment of conditions wherein modulation of the D3 receptor is beneficial, eg as antipsychotic agents.
In a first aspect the present invention provides compounds of formula (I) :
Figure imgf000004_0001
Formula (I) wherein:
R! represents a substituent selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethyl, Ci_4alkyl, Cι _4alkoxy, arylCι_4alkoxy, Cι_4alkylthio, Cι_4alkoxyCι _4alkyl, C3-.6cycloalkylCι _4alkoxy,
Figure imgf000004_0002
Cj^alkylsulfonyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonyloxy, Cι _4alkylsulfonylCι_4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCι _4alkyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonamido, Ci^alkylamido, Cι _4alkylsulfonamidoCι_4alkyl, Ci.4alkylamidoCi .4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoCi ^alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCι_4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCi. alkyl, or arylCι _4alkanoyl group; a group R3OCO(CΗ2)p, R3CON(R4)(CH2)p, R R4NCO(CH2)p or R3R4NSO2(CH2)p where each of R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C _4alkyl group or R3R4 forms part of a C3.. βazacyloalkane or C3_6(2-oxo)azacycloalkane ring and p represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4; or a group Ar -Z, wherein Ar3 represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring and Z represents a bond, O, S , or CH2;
R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a Cj^alkyl group; q is 1 or 2;
A represents a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d):
— Ar Ar1— Y— Ar2 (CH2)r— V— (CH2)sAr
(a) (b) (c) (d) wherein
Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system; Arl and Ar^ each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; and
Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH2-, or -(CH2)mγl(CH2)n-, wherein γl represents O, S, SO2, or CO and m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1 ; providing that when A represents a group of formula (a), any substituent present in Ar ortho to the carboxamide moiety is necessarily a hydrogen or a methoxy group; r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4; V represents a bond, O or S; and salts thereof.
In the compounds of formula (I) above an alkyl group or moiety may be straight or branched. Alkyl groups which may be employed include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n- butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and any branched isomers thereof such as isopropyl, t-butyl, sec- butyl, and the like.
When R! represents an arylCι _4alkoxy, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCι _4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoC 1.4 alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCι_4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCi^alkyl, or arylCi_4alkanoyl group, the aryl moiety may be selected from an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring. In the group R^ an aryl moiety may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, Cj^alkyl, Ci ^alkylamino, Cι_4dialkylamino, Cj^alkylamido, Cι _ 4alkanoyl, or R^R^NCO where each of R^ and R" independently represents a hydrogen atom or Cι _4alkyl group. A halogen atom present in the compounds of formula (I) may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
When q is 2, the substituents R* may be the same or different.
An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring, as defined for any of the groups Ar, Ar*, Ar^ or Ar3 may contain from 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S. When the ring contains 2-4 heteroatoms, one is preferably selected from O, N and S and the remaining heteroatoms are preferably N. Examples of 5 and 6- membered heterocyclic groups include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl and pyrazolyl. Examples of bicyclic, for example bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic, ring systems for Ar include naphthyl, indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolo[l,5- ajpyrimidyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridyl, pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, 1,2- dihydro-2-oxo-quinolinyl, 3,4-dihydro-2-oxo-4H-benzoxazinyl, l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3Η- indolyl.
The rings Ar, Ar*, or Ar^ may each independently be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C\ _4alkyl, Cι _4alkoxy, Cι_4alkylenedioxy, Cι _4alkanoyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonyl, Cι_4alkylsulfmyl, Cj- ^alkylthio, R7SO2N(R8)-, R7R8NSO2-, R7R8N-, R7R8NCO-, or R7CON(R8)- group wherein each of R7 and R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Ci .4 alkyl group, or R7R8 together form a C3.6 alkylene chain. Alternatively, Ar and Ar^ may be optionally substituted by one or more 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic rings, as defined above, optionally substituted by a Cι-,2 alkyl or R7R8N- group; wherein R7 and R8 are as defined above.
In the rings Ar and Ar^ substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring. It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of formula (I) should be physiologically acceptable. Suitable physiologically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include for example acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids eg. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids eg. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Other non-physiologically acceptable salts eg. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of formula (I) and are included within the scope of this invention. Also included within the scope of the invention are solvates and hydrates of compounds of formula (I).
Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid. The present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
The compounds of formula (I) can exist in the form of cis- and trans- isomers with respect to the configuration at the cyclohexyl ring. When A represents a group (c) the compounds may also exist as geometric isomers around the double bond. The present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including mixtures. Preferably the compounds of the invention are in the trans configuration with respect to the cyclohexyl ring. For compounds of formula (I) where A represents a group (c), trans geometry of the double bond is preferred.
In compounds of formula (I), it is preferred that R! represents a substituent selected from: a halogen atom, methyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethoxy group. Preferably q is 1. R^ is preferably a hydrogen atom.
The group A is preferably a group of formula (a), (b) or (c). With regard to (a), preferred examples of Ar include optionally substituted indolyl, pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl or pyrrolopyridyl. With regard to (c), preferred examples are optionally substituted phenyl groups.
It is also preferred that the rings Ar, Ar*, or Ar^ are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, cyano, methoxy, methylenedioxy, acetyl, acetylamino, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonyloxy, methylaminosulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, or methylaminocarbonyl group.
Certain of the substituted heteroaromatic ring systems included in compounds of formula (I) may exist in one or more tautomeric forms. The present invention includes within its scope all such tautomeric forms, including mixtures. Particular compounds according to the invention include those specifically exemplified and named hereinafter. These compounds may be in the form of their free base or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, particularly the monohydrochloride or monomesylate salts.
The present invention also provides a process for preparing compounds of formula (I) which process comprises :
(a) reacting a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000007_0001
Formula (II)
wherein Rl, R^ and q are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of formula (DI):
A-COX
Formula (III)
wherein A is as hereinbefore defined and X is a halogen atom or the residue of an activated ester;
(b) to prepare a compound of formula (I) by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound A-Br, or A-I, or A-OSO2CF3 in the presence of carbon monoxide and a catalyst such as trαns-bw-triphenylphosphinepalladium(π)bromide;
(c) to prepare a compound of formula (I) wherein R is Ar3-Z and Z is a bond, reacting a compound of formula (IV):
Figure imgf000007_0002
Formula (IV)
wherein R^ and A are as hereinbefore defined and one R*a represents a group W wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, or W is a group M selected from a boron derivative e.g. a boronic acid function B(OH)2 or a metal function such as trialkylstannyl e.g. SnBu3, zinc halide or magnesium halide, and when q is 2 the other R a is R! ; with a compound Ar -Wl , wherein W^ is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M or Wl is a group M when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group; (d) to prepare a compound of formula (I) wherein R^ is Ar3-Z and Z is O or S, reacting a compound of formula (V):
Figure imgf000008_0001
Formula (V)
wherein R^ and A are as hereinbefore defined and one R^0 represents a group ZH and when q is 2 the other R^b represents R*; with a reagent serving to introduce the group Ar3;
(e) to prepare a compound of formula (I) where Y is a bond, reaction of a compound of formula (VI):
Figure imgf000008_0002
Formula (VI)
wherein Rl, R2, AJI , W and q are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound Ar^-W*, wherein W^ is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M, or Wl is a group M when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group.
(f) interconversion of one compound of formula (I) to a different compound of formula (I) e.g. (i) alkylation of a compound (I) wherein R^ represents hydrogen, (ii) conversion of one R^ from alkoxy (e.g.methoxy) to hydroxy, or (iii) conversion of Rl from hydroxy to sulfonyloxy, eg alkylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy; (iv) conversion of a compound wherein Y represents S to a compound wherein Y is SO2 or (v) conversion of Y from CO to CH2;
(g) separation of cis- and trans- isomers of compounds of formula (I) by conventional methods, e.g. chromatography or crystallisation; and optionally thereafter forming a salt of formula (I).
Process (a) may be effected using conventional methods for the formation of an amide bond. When X is the residue of an activated ester this may be formed with e.g. a carbodiimide such as l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. The reaction may be carried out in a solvent such as dichloromethane.
Reaction of a compound of formula (IV) with Ar3W^, according to process (c) or a compound of formula (VI) with Ar^-W^ according to process (e) may be effected in the presence of a transition metal eg palladium catalyst such as bis- triphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride or tetrøfcw-triphenylphosphinepalladium (0). When M represents a boronic acid function such as B(OH)2the reaction may be carried out under basic conditions, for example using aqueous sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as dioxane. When M is trialkylstannyl the reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent, such as xylene or dioxane optionally in the presence of LiCl. When M is a zinc or magnesium halide the reaction may be effected in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofiiran. The substituent W is preferably a halogen atom such as bromine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy; and w s preferably a goup M, such as trialkylstannyl or B(OH)2.
In process (d) the reagent serving to introduce the group Ar3 is preferably a compound of formula Ar -Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom. The reaction may be effected in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as dimethylformamide .
Interconversion reactions according to process (f) may be effected using methods well known in the art.
Compounds of formula (II) may be prepared by conversion of a compound of formula (VII), wherein R and q are as hereinbefore defined,
Figure imgf000009_0001
Formula (VII)
into a corresponding ketone, followed by reductive amination. This may be effected by methods well known in the art for (i) conversion of a ketal to a ketone in the presence of aqueous acid; followed by (ii) reductive amination of the ketone with R^NH2 or ammonium acetate in the presence of a reducing agent. Suitable reducing agents which may be employed include sodium borohydride, cyanoborohydride or triacetoxyborohydride under acidic conditions, or catalytic hydrogenation. The reaction may conveniently be effected in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol or dichloroethane. A compound of formula (VII) may itself be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (Vffl):
Figure imgf000009_0002
Formula (VIII)
wherein R and q are as hereinbefore defined; with a compound of formula (DC):
Figure imgf000010_0001
Formula (IX)
in the presence of a reducing agent. Suitable reducing agents which may be employed include sodium borohydride, cyanoborohydride or triacetoxyborohydride under acidic conditions, or catalytic hydrogenation. The reaction may conveniently be effected in a solvent such as ethanol or dichloroethane.
The individual cis- and trans- isomers of a compound of formula (II) may be prepared starting from cis- or trans- 4-amino-cyclohexaneacetic acid (T.P. Johnson, et al., J. Med. Chem., 1997, (20), 279-290) followed by functional group interchange and/or protection using methods well known in the art, to give the individual cis- or trans- isomers of a compound of formula (X):
Figure imgf000010_0002
Formula (X)
wherein R^ is as hereinbefore defined, and P is a protecting group, for example trifluoroacetyl or tert-butoxycarbonyl. Subsequent reaction of a compound of formula (X) with a compound of formula (VTH) in the presence of a reducing agent as described above followed by deprotection using standard methodology gives the individual isomers of a compound of formula (II) wherein R^ is as hereinbefore defined.
Compounds of formula (HI) are known or may be prepared using standard procedures.
Compounds of formula (IV), (V) or (VI) may be prepared by processes analogous to (a), (b), (c) and (d) described above. Compounds Ar^W^, Ar3W and Ar3Hal are commercially available or may be prepared by standard methods. Compounds of formula (Vπi) are known in the literature or may be prepared by known methods. The compound of formula (IX) is likewise known in the literature.
Compounds of formula (I) have been found to exhibit affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and are expected to be useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions. Compounds of formula (I) have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D3 than for D2 receptors. The therapeutic effect of currently available antipsychotic agents (neuroleptics) is generally believed to be exerted via blockade of D2 receptors; however this mechanism is also thought to be responsible for undesirable extrapyramidal side effects (eps) associated with many neuroleptic agents. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it has been suggested that blockade of the recently characterised dopamine D3 receptor may give rise to beneficial antipsychotic activity without significant eps. (see for example Sokoloff et al, Nature, 1990; 347: 146-151; and Schwartz et al, Clinical Neuropharmacology, Vol 16, No. 4, 295-314, 1993). Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore those which have higher affinity for dopamine D3 than dopamine D2 receptors (such affinity can be measured using standard methodology for example using cloned dopamine receptors). Said compounds may advantageously be used as selective modulators of D3 receptors.
The compounds of formula (I) are of potential use as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders, psychotic depression, mania, paranoid and delusional disorders. Furthermore, they could have utility as adjunct therapy in Parkinsons Disease, particularly with compounds such as L- DOPA and possibly dopaminergic agonists, to reduce the side effects experienced with these treatments on long term use (eg see Schwartz et al., Brain Res. Reviews, 1998, 26, 236-242). From the localisation of D3 receptors, it could also be envisaged that the compounds could also have utility for the treatment of substance abuse where it has been suggested that D3 receptors are involved (eg see Levant, 1997, Pharmacol. Rev., 49, 231- 252) . Examples of such substance abuse include alcohol, cocaine and nicotine abuse. Other conditions which may be treated by the compounds include dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias; depression; anxiety, cognitive impairment including memory disorders such as Alzheimers disease, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders e.g. IBS.
In a further aspect therefore the present invention provides a method of treating conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia.
In a further aspect therefore the present invention provides a method of treating conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of conditions which require modulation of dopamine D3 receptors, for example psychoses such as schizophrenia.
A preferred use for D3 antagonists according to the present invention is in the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia. For use in medicine, the compounds of the present invention are usually administered as a standard pharmaceutical composition. The present invention therefore provides in a further aspect pharmaceutical compositions comprising a novel compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a physiologically acceptable carrier.
The compounds of formula (I) may be administered by any convenient method, for example by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
The compounds of formula (I) and their physiologically acceptable salts which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, for example syrups, suspensions or emulsions, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
A liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or physiologically acceptable salt in a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil. The formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring or colouring agent.
A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose. A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures. For example, pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the compound or physiologically acceptable salt in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil. Alternatively, the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders. Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a physiologically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device. Alternatively the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted. Where the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as a fluoro- chlorohydrocarbon. The aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin. Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
Compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches. Preferably the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
Each dosage unit for oral administration contains preferably from 1 to 250 mg (and for parenteral administration contains preferably from 0.1 to 25 mg) of a compound of the formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base. The physiologically acceptable compounds of the invention will normally be administered in a daily dosage regimen (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral dose of between 1 mg and 500 mg, preferably between 10 mg and 400 mg,e.g. between 10 and 250 mg or an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular dose of between 0.1 mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0.1 mg and 50 mg, e.g. between 1 and 25 mg of the compound of the formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base, the compound being administered 1 to 4 times per day. Suitably the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more.
Biological Test Methods
The ability of the compounds to bind selectively to human D3 dopamine receptors can be demonstrated by measuring their binding to cloned receptors. The inhibition constants (Kj) of test compounds for displacement of [1^1] iodosulpride binding to human D3 dopamine receptors expressed in CHO cells were determined as follows. The cell lines were shown to be free from bacterial, fungal and mycoplasmal contaminants, and stocks of each were stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cultures were grown as monolayers or in suspension in standard cell culture media. Cells were recovered by scraping (from monolayers) or by centrifugation (from suspension cultures), and were washed two or three times by suspension in phosphate buffered saline followed by collection by centrifugation. Cell pellets were stored frozen at -40°C. Crude cell membranes were prepared by homogenisation followed by high-speed centrifugation, and characterisation of cloned receptors achieved by radioligand binding.
Preparation of CHO cell membranes
Cell pellets were gently thawed at room temperature, and resuspended in about 20 volumes of ice-cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 20mM EDTA, 0.2 M sucrose. The suspension was homogenised using an Ultra-Turrax at full speed for 15 sec. The homogenate was centrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 20 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C centrifuge. The membrane pellet was resuspended in ice-cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), using an Ultra-Turrax, and recentrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 15 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C. The membranes were washed two more times with ice-cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C). The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), and the protein content determined using bovine serum albumin as a standard (Bradford, M. M. (1976) Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254).
Binding experiments on cloned dopamine receptors Crude cell membranes were incubated with 0.1 nM [125rj iodosulpride (-2000 Ci mmol; Amersham, U. K.), and the test compound in a buffer containing 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, in a total volume of 1 ml for 30 min at 37°C. Following incubation, samples were filtered using a Brandel Cell Harvester, and washed three times with ice- cold 50 mM Tris salts (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2. The radioactivity on the filters was measured using a Cobra gamma counter (Canberra Packard). Non-specific binding was defined as the radioligand binding remaining after incubation in the presence of 100 μM iodosulpride. For competition curves, 14 concentrations (half-log dilutions) of competing cold drug were used. Competition curves were analysed simultaneously whenever possible using non-linear least-squares fitting procedures, capable of fitting one, two or three site models.
Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKi values in the range 7.0 - 8.5 at the human cloned dopamine D3 receptor.
Functional Activity at cloned dopamine receptors
The functional activity of compounds at human D2 and human D3 receptors (ie agonism or antagonism) may be determined using a Cytosensor Microphysiometer (McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912) In Microphysiometer experiments, cells (hD2_CHO or hD3_CHO) were seeded into 12mm Transwell inserts (Costar) at 300000 cells/cup in foetal calf serum (FCS)-containing medium. The cells were incubated for 6h at 37°C in 5%CO2, before changing to FCS-free medium. After a further 16-18h, cups were loaded into the sensor chambers of the Cytosensor Microphysiometer (Molecular Devices) and the chambers perfused with running medium (bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl) at a flow rate of 100 ul min. Each pump cycle lasted 90s. The pump was on for the first 60s and the acidification rate determined between 68 and 88s, using the Cytosoft programme. Test compounds were diluted in running medium. In experiments to determine agonist activity, cells were exposed (4.5 min for hD2, 7.5 min for hD3) to increasing concentrations of putative agonist at half hour intervals. Seven concentrations of the putative agonist were used. Peak acidification rate to each putative agonist concentration was determined and concentration-response curves fitted using Robofit [Tilford, N.S., Bowen, W.P. & Baxter, G.S. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995) in press]. In experiments to determine antagonist potency, cells were treated at 30 min intervals with five pulses of a submaximal concentration of quinpirole (100 nM for hD2 cells, 30 nM for hD3 cells), before exposure to the lowest concentration of putative antagonist. At the end of the next 30 min interval, cells were pulsed again with quinpirole (in the continued presence of the antagonist) before exposure to the next highest antagonist concentration. In all, five concentrations of antagonist were used in each experiment. Peak acidification rate to each agonist concentration was determined and concentration-inhibition curves fitted using Robofit.
Pharmaceutical Formulations
The following represent typical pharmaceutical formulations according to the present invention, which may be prepared using standard methods.
IV Infusion
Compound of formula (I) 1-40 mg
Buffer to pH ca 7
Solvent/complexing agent to 100 ml
Bolus Injection
Compound of formula (I) 1-40 mg
Buffer to pH ca 7
Co-Solvent to 5 ml
Buffer : Suitable buffers include citrate, phosphate, sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid.
Solvent : Typically water but may also include cyclodextrins (1-100 mg) and co- solvents such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and alcohol.
Tablet
Compound 1 - 40 mg Diluent/Filler * 50 - 250 mg
Binder 5 - 25 mg
Disentegrant * 5 - 50 mg
Lubricant 1 - 5 mg
Cyclodextrin 1 - 100 mg
may also include cyclodextrins
Diluent : e.g. Microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, starch
Binder : e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropymethylcellulose Disintegrant : e.g. Sodium starch glycollate, crospovidone
Lubricant : e.g. Magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate.
Oral Suspension
Compound 1 - 40 mg Suspending Agent 0.1 - lO mg
Diluent 20 - 60 mg Preservative 0.01 - 1.0 mg
Buffer to pH ca 5 - 8
Co-solvent 0 - 40 mg
Flavour 0.01 - 1.0 mg Colourant 0.001 - 0.1 mg
Suspending agent :e.g. Xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose
Diluent : e.g. sorbitol solution, typically water
Preservative : e.g. sodium benzoate Buffer : e.g. citrate
Co-solvent : e.g. alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, cyclodextrin
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples : Description 1
trans -2-(l-(4-(N- fe/ϊ-Butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyI)acetic acid, methyl ester
A mixture of trαn.s-(4-amino)cyclohexylacetic acid hydrogen sulfate (T.P. Johnston et al; J. Med Chem., 1977, 20 (2), 279-290), (27.0g, lOόmmol), cone. H2SO4 (3ml), and methanol (300ml) was stirred at reflux for 5h. Resulting solution was filtered and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to give a brown oil (36g). A mixture of this material, triethylamine (36ml; 26. lg, 259 mmol), dichloromethane (600ml) and di-t-butyl dicarbonate (25.5g, 117mmol) was stirred at 20°C for 18h. Resulting solution was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (500ml) and dichloromethane (3x200ml), and the combined extracts were dried (Na-SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (24.6g, 86%) as a colourless solid.
Η NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.08 (4H, m), 1.43 (9H, s), 1.76 (3H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, d, J = 7 Hz), 3.37 (1H, m), 3.66 (3H, s), 4.39 (1H, br s).
Description 2
trαns-2-(l-(4-(N-ter^Butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetaldehyde
To a stirred solution of tra«s-2-(l-(4-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetic acid, methyl ester (46.0g, 170 mmol) in dry toluene (920ml) at -78 °C under argon was added a solution of di-isobutylaluminium hydride (1M; 285 ml; 285 mmol), dropwise over 0.5h. Resulting solution was stirred for a further 0.3h and quenched with a mixture of methanol (28ml) in toluene (50ml) and then poured into saturated aqueous potassium sodium tartrate (1.2L). The resultant mixture was extracted with ether (4xlL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Νa.SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give a waxy solid which was purified using silica gel, eluting with 10-50% ethyl acetate/hexane to give the title compound (21.77g, 53%) as a colourless solid. 'H NMR (CDCIJ) δ: 1.12 (4H, m), 1.44 (9H, s), 1.78 (3H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.33 (2H, dd, J = 7, 2 Hz), 3.37 (1H, m), 4.40 (1H, m), 9.75 (1H, m).
Description 3
trα/i5:-2-(2-(l-(4-(N-t<?rf-Butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro--Lflr- isoindole
A mixture of tran.y-2-(l-(4-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyl)acetaldehyde (6.8g, 25.2 mmol), 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (3.00g, 25.2 mmol) (J. Borrstein, J.E. Shields and A.P. Boisselle; Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. V.; Baumgarten, Η.E., Ed; Wiley: New York, 1973; pp 406 - 408), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (8.0g, 37.8 mmol) in 1,2- dichloroethane (100ml) was stirred at 20°C for 16h. Resulting solution was partitioned between saturated NaHCO3 (500ml) and dichloromethane (200ml), and the combined extracts were saturated NaHCO3 ), dried (Na-SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate hexane mixtures to afford the title compound (6.5g, 75%) as a pale pink solid.
Η NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.00 - 1.11 (4H, m), 1.30 - 1.60 (3H, m), 1.44 (9H, s), 1.80 - 1.82 (2H, m), 1.98 - 2.04 (2H, m), 2.72 (2H, t, J = 8 Hz), 3.37 (1H, m), 3.90 (4H, s), 4.35 (1H, s) and 7.18 (4H, s).
Description 4
<rαns-2-(2-(l-(4-Amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-l-f-T-isoindole
A mixture of tran.s-2-(2-(l-(4-(N- tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-isoindole (6.4g, 18.6 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) and dichloromethane (100ml) was stirred at ca 40°C for 45 min. Resulting solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (200ml) and ethyl acetate (100ml). The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (100 ml) then basified to pΗ 14 with 2M ΝaOΗ, and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 300ml). The combined organic extracts, dried (Νa.SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (4.01g, 90%) as a pale brown solid.
Mass spectrum (APF): Found 245 (MΗ+). C16H24N2 requires 244.
Η NMR (CDC13) δ: 0.93 - 1.20 (4H, m), 1.20 - 1.40 (1H, m), 1.50 - 1.60 (4H, m), 1.70 - 1.90 (4H, m), 2.60 (1H, m), 2.73 (2H, t, J = 8 Hz), 3.90 (4H, s) and 7.18 (4H, s).
Description 5
2-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lff -isoindole 5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (28.7 g) was dissolved in 48% hydrobromic acid (620 ml) and the mixture heated under reflux for 2h, then cooled and evaporated to give 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole hydrobromide (29.5 g) as a brown solid. To the above hydrobromide salt (29.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (215 ml) and water (215 ml) at 0°C was added triethylamine (48ml) followed by di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (33 g). The reaction was stirred for 18 h, then worked up as for Description 1 above and chromatographed on silica gel, to give the title compound (13.2 g, 29%) as a brown solid.
Mass spectrum (APF): Found 136 [M-Boc]Η+. C13H17NO3 requires 235.
Description 6
2-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-5-cyano-2-3-dihydro--Lfi soindole Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (9.6 ml) was added to a solution of 2-(tert- butyloxycarbonyl)-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (12.2 g) and triethylamine (8.7 ml) at -20°C under argon. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature, then the crude product isolated by extraction and chromatographed to give 2-itert- butyloxycarbonyl)-5-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-2,3-dihydro- lH-isoindole (12.7 g), which was dissolved in DMF (180 ml). To this solution was added zinc cyanide (3.7 g) and tetrαfc-'.s-triphenylphosphine palladium (0) (3.7 g) and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4 h. Work-up and chromatography on silica gel gave the title compound as a solid (7.6 g, 83%).
Mass spectrum (API+): Found 145 [M-Boc]Η\ C14H16N2O2 requires 244.
Description 7
5-Cyano-2,3-dihydro-li-Msoindole
A mixture of 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (7.6 g) and trifluoroacetic acid (20 ml) in dichloromethane (200 ml) was heated at 40°C for 0.5 h, then cooled and evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and 2M sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was re-extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organics dried and evaporated to give the title compound as a pink solid (4.24 g, 94%).
Mass spectrum (APf ): Found 145 MΗ+. C9H8N2 requires 144.
Description 8
2-(ι'ert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-5-methanesulfonyloxy-2-3-dihydro-lZ7-isoindole The title compound (2.3 g, 69%) was prepared from 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5- hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (2.5 g) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.7 ml) using the method of Description 6.
Mass spectrum (APT): Found 214 [M-Boc]Η\ C]4H19NO5S requires 313.
Description 9
5-Methanesulfonyloxy-2.3-dihydro-lH-isoindole
The title compound (1.4 g, 90%) was prepared from 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5- methanesulfonyloxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole using the method of Description 7.
Mass spectrum (API*): Found 214 MΗ\ C9HπNO3S requires 213.
Example 1
trαns-2-(2-(l-(4-(4-quinoIinyl)carboxamido)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-li-r- isoindole
A mixture of trαns-2-(2-(l-(4-aι no)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole (O.lg : 0.35 mmol), 4-quinolinecarboxylic acid (0.06 lg ; 0.35 mmol), l-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.067g ; 0.35 mmol), 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (catalytic amount) and dichloromethane (4ml) was shaken for 16h. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (4ml) was added and the mixture shaken for 0.25h. Chromatography of the organic layer on silica eluting with 30 - 100% ethyl acetate in hexane and 0 - 10% methanol in ethyl acetate gradient elution gave the title compound as a solid.
Mass spectrum (API+): Found 400 (MΗ+). C26H29N3O requires 399.
'H NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.10 - 1.50 (5H, m), 1.50 - 1.60 (2H, m), 1.89 - 1.93 (2H, m), 2.18 - 2.22 (2H, m), 2.73 - 2.79 (2H, m), 3.92 (4H, s), 4.05 (IH, m), 5.94 (IH, J = 8 Hz), 7.20 (4H, s), 7.39 (IH, d, J = 4 Hz), 7.60 (IH, dt, J = 8, 1 Hz), 7.75 (IH, dt, J = 5, 1Hz), 8.14 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 8.16 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz) and 8.91 (IH, d, J = 4 Hz).
The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure of Example 1
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000020_0002
Figure imgf000021_0001
The following compounds were prepared according to the procedures of Descriptions 3 and 4 and Example 1
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0002

Claims

Claims :
1. A compound of formula (I) :
Figure imgf000023_0001
Formula (I) wherein:
R! represents a substituent selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethyl, Ci ^alkyl, Cι _4alkoxy, arylCι_4alkoxy, Cμ4alkylthio, Cι .4alkoxyCι _4alkyl, C3_6cycloalkylCι _4alkoxy, Ci_4alkanoyl, Cι _4alkoxycarbonyl, Cι _4alkylsulfonyl, Cι _4alkylsulfonyloxy, Cι_4alkylsulfonylCι_4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCι _4alkyl, Cι _4alkylsulfonamido, Cι _4alkylamido,
Figure imgf000023_0002
arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoCι_4alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCi_4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCj. 4alkyl, or arylC^alkanoyl group; a group R3OCO(CH2)p, R3CON(R4)(CH2)p, R3R4NCO(CH2)p or R R4NSO2(CH2)p where each of R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C^alkyl group or R3R4 forms part of a C3. 6azacyloalkane or C3_6(2-oxo)azacycloalkane ring and p represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4; or a group Ar3-Z, wherein Ar3 represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring and Z represents a bond, O, S , or CH2;
R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a Cι_4alkyl group; q is 1 or 2;
A represents a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d) :
— Ar -Ar^Y— Ar (CH2)r— V— (CH2)sAr
(a) (b) (c) (d) wherein
Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system;
Ar and Ar^ each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocyclic ring; and
Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH2-, or -(CH2)mY1(CH2)n-, wherein γl represents O, S, SO2, or CO and m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1 ; providing that when A represents a group of formula (a), any substituent present in Ar ortho to the carboxamide moiety is necessarily a hydrogen or a methoxy group; r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4; V represents a bond, O or S; and salts thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein q represents 1.
3. A compound according to any of the preceding claims wherein rings Ar,
Arl, or Ar^ are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a hydrogen or halogen atom, cyano, methoxy, methylenedioxy, acetyl, acetylamino, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonyloxy, methylaminosulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, or methylaminocarbonyl group.
4. A compound of formula (I) which is: trans-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(4-quinolinyl)carboxamido)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trαn5-(-.-)-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(3-methanesulfonyl)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-
2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trans-(E)-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-(4-fluoro)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-isoindole; trans-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-(3-pyridyl)benzamido))cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trans-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(2-naphthyl)acetamido))cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trans-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-indolyl)acetamido))cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trans-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(4-quinolinyl)acetamido))cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trαn5-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridyl)carboxamido)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro- IH-isoindole; tran5-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(4-fluoro)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro- IH-isoindole; trans-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-(3-methoxy)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-
2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; tran^-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(2-methoxy)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-
2,3-dihydro- IH-isoindole; trαn5-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(2-cyano)phenylpropenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro- 1 H-isoindole ; tra«^-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(3-thiophenyl)propenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro- IH-isoindole; tran5-(E)-5-Cyano-2-(2-(l-(4-(3-(2-thiophenyl)propenoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3- dihydro- IH-isoindole ; trαn5-(E)-5-Methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-(4-fluoro)phenylpropenoyl)amino) cy clohexyl)ethyl)-2 , 3 -dihydro- 1 H-isoindole ; trøns-5-Methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2-(l-(4-(5-(2-methyl)quinolinyl)carboxamido) cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole; traw5-5-Methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2-( 1 -(4-(3-(3-( 1 -pyrazolyl)benzamido))) cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole; or a salt thereof.
5. A process for preparing compounds of formula (I) which process comprises : (a) reacting a compound of formula(Η):
Figure imgf000025_0001
Formula (II)
wherein Rl, R^, and q are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of formula (III):
A-COX
Formula (IH)
wherein A is as hereinbefore defined and X is a halogen atom or the residue of an activated ester;
(b) to prepare a compound of formula (I) by reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound A-Br, or A-I, or A-OSO2CF3 in the presence of carbon monoxide and a catalyst;
(c) to prepare a compound of formula (I) wherein R! is Ar3-Z and Z is a bond, reacting a compound of formula (TV):
Figure imgf000025_0002
Formula (IV)
wherein A, R^, and q are as hereinbefore defined, one R a represents a group W wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, or W is a group M selected from a boron derivativeor a metal function, and when q is 2 the other R^a is R^; with a compound Ar3-W*, wherein w s a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M or W is a group M when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group; (d) to prepare a compound of formula (I) wherein R! is Ar3-Z and Z is O or S, reacting a compound of formula (V):
Formula (V) wherein A, R^, and q are as hereinbefore defined, one R^ represents a group ZH and when q is 2 the other R^ represents R^ ; with a reagent serving to introduce the group Ar3;
(e) to prepare a compound of formula (I) where Y is a bond, reaction of a compound of formula (VI):
Figure imgf000026_0002
Formula (VI)
wherein Rl, R q. Ar^ and W are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound Ar^-W^, wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M, or Wl is a group M when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group.
(f) interconversion of one compound of formula (I) to a different compound of formula (I) e.g. (i) alkylation of a compound (I) wherein R^ represents hydrogen, (ii) conversion of one Rl from alkoxy (e.g.methoxy) to hydroxy, or (iii) conversion of R from hydroxy to sulfonyloxy, eg alkylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy; (iv) conversion of a compound wherein Y represents S to a compound wherein Y is SO2 or (v) conversion of Y from CO to CH2;
(g) separation of cis- and trans- isomers of compounds of formula (I) by conventional methods; and optionally thereafter forming a salt of formula (I).
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a physiologically acceptable carrier therefor.
7. The use of a compound of formula (I) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor.
8. Use acording to claim 7 wherein the dopamine receptor is a dopamine D3 receptor.
9. Use according to claim 7 or claim 8 wherein a dopamine antagonist is required.
10. Use according to any of claims 7 to 9 wherein the condition is a psychotic condition.
11. Use according to claim 10 wherein the psychotic condition is schizophrenia.
12. A method of treating a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
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US7888508B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2011-02-15 Pfizer Italia S.R.L. Pyrrolo[2,3-B]pyridine derivatives active as kinase inhibitors
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US11345716B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2022-05-31 Shionogi & Co., Ltd. Nitrogen-containing condensed ring compounds having dopamine D3 antagonistic effect
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US11897899B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2024-02-13 Shionogi & Co., Ltd. Nitrogen-containing condensed ring compounds having dopamine D3 antagonistic effect
KR20200112910A (en) 2018-01-26 2020-10-05 시오노기 앤드 컴파니, 리미티드 Condensed compounds with dopamine D3 receptor antagonism
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