WO2000018403A1 - Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists - Google Patents
Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000018403A1 WO2000018403A1 PCT/US1999/022163 US9922163W WO0018403A1 WO 2000018403 A1 WO2000018403 A1 WO 2000018403A1 US 9922163 W US9922163 W US 9922163W WO 0018403 A1 WO0018403 A1 WO 0018403A1
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- neurokinin
- mammal
- phenyl
- compound
- diagnostic imaging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/041—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K51/044—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins
- A61K51/0455—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/002—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/804—Radioisotope, e.g. radioimmunoassay
Definitions
- Noninvasive, nuclear imaging techniques can be used to obtain basic and diagnostic information about the physiology and biochemistry of a variety of living subjects including experimental animals, normal humans and patients. These techniques rely on the use of sophisticated imaging instrumentation which is capable of detecting radiation emitted from radiotracers administered to such living subjects. The information obtained can be reconstructed to provide planar and tomographic images which reveal distribution of the radiotracer as a function of time. Use of appropriately designed radiotracers can result in images which contain information on the structure, function and most importantly, the physiology and biochemistry of the subject. Much of this information cannot be obtained by other means.
- radiotracers used in these studies are designed to have defined behaviors in vivo which permit the determination of specific information concerning the physiology or biochemistry of the the subject or the effects that various diseases or drugs have on the physiology or biochemistry of the subject.
- radiotracers are available for obtaining useful information concerning such things as cardiac function, myocardial blood flow, lung perfusion, liver function, brain blood flow, regional brain glucose and oxygen metabolism.
- Compounds can be labeled with either positron or gamma emitting radionuclides.
- PET positron emitting
- the most commonly used positron emitting (PET) radionuclides are ⁇ C, ⁇ F, l ⁇ O and ⁇ N ; a ⁇ of which are accelerator produced, and have half lifes of 20, 110, 2 and 10 min. respectively. Since the half-lives of these radionuclides are so short, it is only feasible to use them at institutions which have an accelerator on site for their production, thus limiting their use.
- Several gamma emitting radiotracers are available which can be used by essentially any hospital in the U.S. and in most hospitals worldwide. The most widely used of these are l ⁇ F,
- Radiotracers bind with high affinity and specificity to selective hormone receptors and neuroreceptors.
- Successful examples include radiotracers for imaging the following receptor systems: estrogen, muscarinic, dopamine Dl and D2, and opiate.
- the neuropeptide receptors for substance P are widely distributed throughout the mammalian nervous system (especially brain and spinal ganglia), the circulatory system and peripheral tissues (especially the duodenum and jejunum) and are involved in regulating a number of diverse biological processes. This includes sensory perception of olfaction, vision, audition and pain, movement control, gastric motility, vasodilation, salivation, and micturition (B. Pernow, Pharmacol. Rev., 1983, 35, 85-141).
- the NK-1 and NK-2 receptor subtypes are implicated in synaptic transmission (Laneuville et al., Life Sci., 42: 1295-1305 (1988)).
- the receptor for substance P is a member of the superfamily of G protein- coupled receptors. This superfamily is an extremely diverse group of receptors in terms of activating ligands and biological functions.
- Substance P is a naturally occurring undecapeptide belonging to the tachykinin family of peptides, the latter being so- named because of their prompt contractile action on extravascular smooth muscle tissue.
- the known mammalian tachykinins include neurokinin A and neurokinin B.
- the current nonmenclature designates the receptors for SP, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B as NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3, respectively.
- Neurokinin-1 (NK-1; substance P) receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of a number of physiological disorders associated with an excess or imbalance of tachykinins, and in particular substance P.
- Substance P has been implicated in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and diseases of the GI tract, such as emesis [Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 9, 334- 341 (1988), F.D. Tatersall, et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol., 250, R5-R6 (1993)], and in psychiatric disorders, such as depression (Kramer, et al., Science, 281, 1640-1645 (Sept. 11, 1998).
- GI gastrointestinal
- PET (Positron Emission Tomography) radiotracers and imaging technology may provide a powerful method for clinical evaluation and dose selection of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.
- a fluorine- 18 or carbon- 11 labeled radiotracer that provides a neurokinin-1 receptor-specific image in the brain and other tissues, the dose required to saturate neurokinin-1 receptors can be determined by the blockade of the PET radiotracer image in humans.
- the rationale for this approach is as follows: efficacy of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is a consequence of the extent of receptor inhibition, which in turn is a function of the degree of drug-receptor occupancy.
- radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists that would be useful not only in traditional exploratory and diagnostic imaging applications, but would also be useful in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for labeling the neurokinin-1 receptor and for competing with unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists and agonists. It is a further object of this invention to develop novel assays which comprise such radiolabeled compounds.
- the present invention is directed to certain radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.
- the present invention is further concerned with methods for the use of such radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists for the labeling and diagnostic imaging of neurokinin-1 receptors in mammals.
- the present invention is directed to certain radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.
- the present invention is directed to a compound of the formula:
- Rl is a radionuclide selected from the group consisting of:
- R ⁇ is 11 C or 1 F.
- R ⁇ is ⁇ p.
- the present invention is directed to the compound [ F] [2-fluoromethoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-benzyl]-
- the present invention is also directed to a radiopharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the present invention and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for labeling neurokinin-1 receptors in a mammal which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such labeling an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for diagnostic imaging of neurokinin-1 receptors in a mammal which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for diagnostic imaging of tissues bearing neurokinin-1 receptors in a mammal which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for the diagnostic imaging of substance P binding sites in tissues of a mammalian species which comprises administering to the mammalian species in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for diagnostic imaging of the brain in a mammal which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the present invention is further directed to a method for the detection or quantification of neurokinin-1 receptors in mammalian tissue which comprises administering to a mammal in which such quantification is desired an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound of the present invention.
- the mammal is a human.
- the present invention is further directed to a process for the preparation of [ F] [2-fluoromethoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-benzyl]- ([2S,3S]-2-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-amine which comprises: contacting ((2S,3S)-l-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-phenyl-3-[2-hydroxy-5-(5'- trifluoro-methyltetrazo-l-yl)phenylmethylene-amino]piperidine) with an alkylating
- 18 18 agent selected from [ Fjiodofluoromethane and [ Fjbromofluoromethane in the presence of a weak base, such as cesium carbonate, in an inert solvent, such as dimethylformamide, at a temperature between room temperature and solvent reflux temperature, preferably about 70-80°C; and contacting the resultant product with a strong acid, such as trifluoracetic acid.
- a weak base such as cesium carbonate
- an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide
- Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in the instant compounds include 3 H (also written as T), l l C, 18 F, 125 I, 8 Br, 123 I, 131 I, 75 Br, 15Q 5 13N ; 211 ⁇ or 77g r ⁇ ne radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radiolabeled compounds will depend on the specific analytical or pharmaceutical application of that radiolabeled compound. Thus, for in vitro labeling of neurokinin receptors and competition assays, compounds that incorporate 3 H, 1 ⁇ 5 or 82g r W JU generally be most useful.
- ⁇ C, ⁇ F, ⁇ 23 I, ⁇ H, 75 ⁇ r, 76 ⁇ r 0 r 7 Br ⁇ XQ preferred.
- incorporation of a chelating radionuclide such as Tc ⁇ 9m mav also be useful.
- ⁇ 8 F is particularly preferred over H-C because with the longer half-life of 1 8 F, imaging can be carried out long enough to allow a more specific signal to develop and improved conditions for receptor quantification studies.
- Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists when labeled with the appropriate radionuclide, are potentially useful for diagnostic imaging, basic research, and radiotherapeutic applications.
- Specific examples of possible diagnostic imaging and radiotherapeutic applications include determining the location, the relative activity and/or the abundance of neurokinin-1 receptors, radioimmunoassay of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, and autoradiography to determine the distribution of neurokinin-1 receptors in a mammal or an organ or tissue sample thereof.
- the instant radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists when labeled with the positron emitting radionuclide, F-18, are useful for positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging of neurokinin-1 receptors in the brain of living humans and experimental animals.
- PET positron emission tomographic
- This radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists may be used as research tools to study the interaction of unlabeled neurokinin-1 antagonist with neurokinin-1 receptors in vivo via competition between the labeled drug and the radiolabeled compound for binding to the receptor.
- the radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists may be used to help define a clinically efficacious dose of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist.
- the radiolabeled neurokinin- 1 receptor antagonists can be used to provide information that is useful for choosing between potential drug candidate for selection for clinical development.
- the radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists may also be used to study the regional distribution and concentration of neurokinin-1 receptors in the living human brain, as well as the brain of living experimental animals and in tissue samples.
- the radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists may also be used to study disease or pharmacologically related changes in neurokinin-1 receptor concentrations.
- PET tracer such as the present radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists which can be used with currently available PET technology to obtain the following information: relationship between level of receptor occupancy by candidate neurokinin-1 antagonist and clinical efficacy in patients; dose selection for clinical trials of neurokinin-1 antagonists prior to initiation of long term clinical studies; comparative potencies of structurally novel neurokinin-1 antagonists; investigating the influence of neurokinin-1 antagonists on in vivo receptor affinity and density during the treatment of clinical targets with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists and other agents; changes in the density and distribution of neurokinin-1 receptors during e.g.
- PET positron emission tomography
- the radiolabeled compounds may be administered to mammals, preferably humans, in a pharmaceutical composition, either alone or, preferably, in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, optionally with known adjuvants, such as alum, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice.
- Such compositions can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.
- administration is intravenous.
- Radiotracers labeled with short-lived, positron emitting radionuclides are almost always administered via intravenous injection within less than one hour of their synthesis. This is necessary because of the short half-life of the radionuclides involved (20 and 110 minutes for C-l 1 and F-18 respectively).
- compositions of this invention may be used in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation, for example, in solid, semisolid or liquid form, which contains one or more of the compound of the present invention, as an active ingredient, in admixture with an organic or inorganic carrier or excipient suitable for external, enteral or parenteral applications.
- the active ingredient may be compounded, for example, with the usual non- toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for tablets, pellets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and any other form suitable for use.
- the carriers which can be used are water, glucose, lactose, gum acacia, gelatin, mannitol, starch paste, magnesium trisilicate, talc, corn starch, keratin, colloidal silica, potato starch, urea and other carriers suitable for use in manufacturing preparations, in solid, semisolid, or liquid form, and in addition auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening and coloring agents and perfumes may be used.
- the active object compound is included in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of the disease.
- the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- a pharmaceutical carrier e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water
- a pharmaceutical carrier e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium
- This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
- the tablets or pills of the novel composition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
- the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
- the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
- enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
- liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solution, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and emulsions with acceptable oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, or with a solubilizing or emulsifying agent suitable for intravenous use, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
- Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gelatin.
- a minimum dosage level for the unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is about lmg per day, preferably about 5mg per day and especially about lOmg per day.
- a maximum dosage level for the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is about 1500mg per day, preferably about lOOOmg per day and especially about 500mg per day. It will be appreciated that the amount of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist required for use in the present invention will vary not only with the particular compounds or compositions selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated or studied, and the age and condition of the patient, and will ultimately be at the discretion of the patient's physician or pharmacist.
- a radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist When a radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist according to this invention is administered into a human subject, the amount required for diagnostic imaging will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the quantity of emission from the radionuclide. However, in most instances, an effective amount will be the amount of compound sufficient to produce emissions in the range of from about l-5mCi. In one exemplary application, administration occurs in an amount of radiolabeled compound of between about 0.005 ⁇ g/kg of body weight to about 50 ⁇ g/kg of body weight per day, preferably of between 0.02 ⁇ g/kg of body weight to about 3 ⁇ g/kg of body weight.
- a particular analytical dosage that comprises the instant composition includes from about 0.5 ⁇ g to about 100 ⁇ g of a labeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist.
- the dosage comprises from about 1 ⁇ g to about 50 ⁇ g of a radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist.
- the following illustrative procedure may be utilized when performing PET imaging studies on patients in the clinic.
- the patient is premedicated with unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (at doses 300, 100, or 30 mg/day) for 2 weeks prior to the day of the experiment and is fasted for at least 12 hours allowing water intake ad libitum.
- a 20 G two inch venous catheter is inserted into the contralateral ulnar vein for radiotracer administration.
- the patient is positioned in the PET camera and a tracer dose of [ O]H 2 O administered via i.v. catheter.
- the image thus obtained is used to insure that the patient is positioned correctly to include the brain or other areas of interest.
- the [ F] neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist ( ⁇ 20 mCi) is administered via i.v. catheter. Following the acquisition of the total radiotracer image, an infusion is begun of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist which is being clinically evaluated at one of three dose rates (0.1, 1 or 10 mpk/day). After infusion for 2.5 hrs, the [ F] neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is again injected via the catheter. Images are again acquired for up to 90 min. Within ten minutes of the injection of radiotracer and at the end of the imaging session, 1 ml blood samples are obtained for determining the plasma concentration of the clinical candidate.
- regions of interest are drawn on the reconstructed image including, e.g. the brain and the central nervous system. These regions are used to generate time activity curves obtained in the absence of receptor antagonist or in the presence of the clinical candidate at the various infusion doses examined. Data are expressed as radioactivity per unit time per unit volume ( ⁇ Ci/cc/mCi injected dose). Inhibition curves are generated from the data obtained in a region of interest obtained starting at 70 minutes post-injection of radiotracer. At this time, clearance of non-specific binding has reached steady state. The ID 50 values are obtained by curve fitting the dose-rate/inhibition curves with equation iii:
- B is the %-Dose/g of radiotracer in tissues for each dose of clinical candidate
- AQ is the specifically bound radiotracer in a tissue in the absence of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
- I is the injected dose of antagonist
- ID50 is the dose of compound which inhibits 50% of specific radiotracer binding to a neurokinin receptor
- NS is the amount of non-specifically bond radiotracer.
- Two rats are anesthetized (ketamine/ace-promazine), positioned on the camera head, and their tail veins canulated for ease of injection.
- One rat is preinjected with an unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (10% EtOH/27% PEG/63% H2O)
- Female beagle dogs weighing 7.7 -14.6 kg (11.0 ⁇ 2.3 kg) are premedicated with unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (at doses 300, 100, or 30 mg/day) for 2 weeks prior to the day of the experiment and are fasted for at least 12 hours allowing water intake ad libitum.
- a 20 G two inch venous catheter is placed into the right front leg ulnar vein through which anesthesia is introduced by sodium pentobarbital 25 - 30 mg/kg in 3 - 4 ml and maintained with additional pentobarbital at an average dose of 3 mg/kg/hr.
- Another catheter is inserted into the contralateral ulnar vein for radiotracer administration.
- Oxygen saturation of circulating blood is measured with a pulse oximeter (Nellcor Inc., Hay ward, CA) placed on the tongue of the animal. Circulatory volume is maintained by intravenous infusion of isotonic saline. A 22 G cannula is inserted into the anterior tibial or distal femoral artery for continuous pressure monitoring (SpacelabsTM, model 90603 A). EKG, heart rate, and core temperature are monitored continuously. In particular, EKG is observed for ST segment changes and arrhythmias. The animal is positioned in the PET camera and a tracer dose of
- [ F] -neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist ( ⁇ 20 mCi) is administered via i.v. catheter. Following the acquisition of the total radiotracer image, an infusion is begun of the unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist at one of three dose rates
- [ F] -neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is again injected via the catheter. Images are again acquired for up to 90 min. Within ten minutes of the injection of radiotracer and at the end of the imaging session, 1 ml blood samples are obtained for determining the plasma concentration of test compound. In one imaging session, a dose of 10 mpk another neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is infused over 5 minutes. This dose has been determined to completely block radiotracer binding and thus is used to determine the maximum receptor-specific signal obtained with the PET radiotracer. At the conclusion of the study, animals are recovered and returned to animal housing.
- ROIs regions of interest
- Inhibition curves are generated from the data obtained in a region of interest obtained starting at 70 min. post-injection of radiotracer. By this time, clearance of nonspecific binding will have reached steady state.
- the ID 50 are were obtained by curve fitting the dose-rate/inhibition curves with equation iii, hereinabove.
- Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists which incorporate a radionuclide may be prepared by first synthesizing an unlabeled compound that optionally incorpoates a iodo or bromo moiety and then exchanging a hydrogen or halogen moiety with an appropriate radionuclide using techniques well known in the art.
- a radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist may be prepared by alkylation with a radiolabeled alkylating agent. Syntheses of unlabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist have been generally described in the patent publications cited hereinabove. Syntheses of particular neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists is described below.
- any of the above synthetic sequences it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J.F.W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
- the protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from the art.
- amino moieties may be protected by, for example, the formation of alkoxycarbonyl derivatives, e.g.
- tert-butoxycarbonyl and trichloroethoxycarbonyl, or benzyl, trityl or benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives may be removed by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst e.g. palladium; a trichloroethoxycarbonyl group may be removed with zinc dust; and a trityl group may be removed under acidic conditions using standard procedures.
- a catalyst e.g. palladium
- a trichloroethoxycarbonyl group may be removed with zinc dust
- a trityl group may be removed under acidic conditions using standard procedures.
- hydroxyl groups require protection, this may be effected by the formation of esters or trialkylsilyl, tetrahydropyran or benzyl ethers.
- esters or trialkylsilyl, tetrahydropyran or benzyl ethers Such derivatives may be deprotected by standard procedures thus, for example, a tetrahydropyran ether derivative may be deprotected using hydrochloric acid in methanol.
- the title compound is prepared essentially as described below.
- Step 2 ct -2-Phenyl-3 -aminopiperidine
- Step 3 [2S]-Phenyl-piperidin-[3S]-yl-amine[2R,3R]-bis(4-methyl-benzyloxy)- succinate
- a solution of 41g (0.23 mol) of cw-2-phenyl-3-amino-piperidine in ethanol (3.25 L) and water (440 mL) at 60°C was added 88 g (0.23 mol) of di-p- toluoyl-L-tartaric acid. The acid dissolved quickly leaving a clear pale yellow solution. After a few minutes a suspension formed. Heating was continued for 20 min. The suspension was allowed to cool, with stirring, to ambient temperature overnight.
- the title compound is prepared essentially as outlined below.
- Step 3 (2S,3 S)-3-Amino- 1 -t-butoxycarbonyl-2-phenylpiperidine
- Step 4 (2S,3S)-l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-phenyl-3-[2-hydroxy-5-(5'-trifluoro- methyltetrazo- 1 -yl)phenylmethylene-amino "
- the title compound is prepared essentially as outlined below.
- Step 1 [2-Fluoromethoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol-l -yl)-benzyl]- ([2S,3S]-l-t-butoxy carbonyl-2-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-amine
- Step 2 [2-Fluoromethoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-benzyl]- ([2S,3S]-2-phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-amine dihydrochloride
- Step l [2-Hydroxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzyl]-([2S,3S]-2- phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-amine dihydrochloride
- the title compound is prepared essentially as outlined below.
- Step 1 N-(4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
- Step 2 4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-( 1 -chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene)-amine Crude N-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (theoretically
- Step 3 1 -(4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl- 1 H-tetrazole
- the reaction was diluted with 3.5 L of water and extracted with ether (l x l.5 L, 2 x 1 L) then ethyl acetate (1 L). The combined extracts were then washed with water (3 x 500 mL) and brine (500 mL), dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated to a dark redish- orange paste (432 g). This was dissolved in 2 L of methylene chloride and chromatographed (2 kg Silica Gel 60, 70-230 mesh, methylene chloride). The product containing fractions were concentrated to a paste. The paste was suspended in ether (1 L) and hexanes (1.5 L) were added.
- Step 4 4-(5-Trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-phenol
- Step 5 2-Hydroxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-benzaldehyde
- a 2 L nitrogen purged round bottom flask fitted with a condenser was charged 67.7 g (0.29 mol) of 4-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-phenol, 540 mL trifluoroacetic acid, and 86.3 g (0.62 mol, 2.1 eq) of hexamethylenetetramine.
- the solution was heated to reflux and refluxed for 4 h.
- An additional 10 g (0.07 mol, 0.24 equiv) of hexamethylenetetramine was added and the solution refluxed overnight.
- the reaction was cooled and poured slowly into 3 L of IN H 2 SO 4 .
- the suspension was diluted with an additional 500 mL of water and aged at room temperature for 30 min and at 0°C and for additional 30 min.
- the yellow suspension was filtered and the cake washed with water until the filtrate was neutral.
- the cake was dissolved in methylene chloride and filtered through 300 g of Silica Gel 60 (70-230 mesh) and flushed with 6 L of methylene chloride.
- the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue flushed with hexanes.
- the resulting slurry was cooled to room temperature and filtered.
- the white crystalline product that was obtained was dried yielding 50.4 g (66.4% yield) of the title compound.
- Step 6 2-Fluoromethoxy-5-(5-trifluoromethyl-tetrazol- 1 -yl)-benzaldehyde
- the pale yellow suspension was warmed first to room temperature, then to 70-75 °C (oil bath). Gentle reflux was noted. After 3 h, an additional 30 g of NaBr was added. The condenser was kept cold for ca. 10 h and allowed to warm to room temperature overnight.
- the white suspension which resulted was diluted with 2 L of water and extracted with ether (1 x 1 L, 2 x 500 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (4 x 250 mL) and brine (500 mL), dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated. During concentration the product began to crystallize. The filtrare was concentrated to a small volume and the mixture flushed with hexanes.
- Step 7 [2-hydroxy-5-(5-methyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzyl]-([2S,3S]-2-phenyl- piperidin-3 -yl)-amine hydrochloride
- the colorless oil was dissolved in 200 mL of 1 ,2-dichloroethane and 2.4 g (9.3 mmol, 1.12 equiv) of 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzaldehyde, 3.75 g (17.7 mmol, 2.1 equiv) of sodium triacetoxyborohydride and 24 drops of glacial acetic acid were added.
- the mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 16 h, during which time the reaction changed from cloudy yellow to white.
- the reaction was diluted with methylene chloride and washed with 50% saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.
- the aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride and the combined extracts dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ether (100 mL) and extracted with IN HCl (2 x 100 mL). The combined aqueous layer was extracted with ether, made basic with 5N NaOH (50 mL), and extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 200 mL). The combined methylene chloride extracts were dried with sodium sulfate and flash chromatographed (600 g Silica Gel 60, 230-400 mesh, 98:2 methylene chloride/methanol). The product containing fractions were concentrated and the residue dissolved in of methanol (50 mL).
- Step 7 [2-Fluoromethoxy-5-(5-methyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzyl]-([2S,3S]-2- phenyl-piperidin-3-yl)-amine hydrochloride
- [2S]-Phenyl-piperidin-[3S]-yl-amine[2R,3R]-bis(4-methyl-benzyloxy)- succinate (7.5 g, 12.5 mmol) was partitioned between 150 mL of methylene chloride and 50 mL of IN NaOH. The aqueous was re-extracted with 100 mL of methylene chloride and the combined organic layer dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
- the colorless oil was dissolved in 250 mL of 1 ,2-dichloroethane and 3.93 g (13.5 mmol) of 2-fluoromethoxy-5-(5-methyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzaldehyde, 5.63 g (26.6 mmol) of sodium triacetoxyborohydride and 36 drops of acetic acid were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 16 h, during which time the reaction remained cloudy white. The reaction was diluted with methylene chloride and washed with 50%) saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride and the combined extracts dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
- the title compound is prepared essentially as described in Example 3 ⁇ o and as outlined below.
- the labeling was done utilizing F-labeled iodofluoromethane or F-labeled bromofluoromethane as the labeling precursor and the Boc protected intermediate ((2S,3S)-l-t-butoxy-carbonyl-2-phenyl-3-[2-hydroxy- 5-(5 ' -trifluoro-methyltetrazo- 1 -yl)phenyl-methylene-arnino]piperidine) as the unlabeled precursor.
- Step 1 Radionuclide production ([ 18 ⁇ Flfluoride)
- the target water is removed by 3-5 azeotropic distillations with acetonitrile (around 5x1 ml) at 105°C in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst (e. g. kryptofix-2.2.2.) and a suitable counterion (K + ).
- a phase transfer catalyst e. g. kryptofix-2.2.2.
- K + suitable counterion
- the labelling precursor [ F]FCH 2 Br is synthesized from dibromomethane via a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using a phase transfer catalyst (Kryptofix-2.2.2).
- the residue obtained after removal of the target water is taken up in acetonitrile and added to CH 2 Br 2 .
- the reaction mixture is heated at around 60 °C and the product is transferred by a stream of helium through a preparative GC- column (10x250 mm, Porapak Q, 50/80 mesh) heated at around 100 °C to separate
- Step 4 [ 18 F] [2-Fluoromethoxy-5-(5-methyl-tetrazol-l-yl)-benzyl]-([2S,3S]-2- phenyl-piperidin-3 -yl)-amine
- reaction mixture is then allowed to cool down and 75-125 ml of trifluoroacetic acid is added and the BOC group removed.
- Sterile water is added and the solution injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column (eg. LC-C18 250x10 mm).
- the collected fraction is transferred to a rotary evaporator for removal of the HPLC mobile phase.
- To the residue is added approximately 5 ml of a solution of sterile 5% aqueous dextrose containing 1% of ethanol and sterile phosphate buffer (approximately 250 ul, 0.1 M pH 7.4).
- the solution is filtered through a sterilised 0.2 mm filter into a sterilized injection vial.
- a sample is taken for determination of radiochemical and chemical purity and pH.
- the radioactivity is measured using a well-counter.
- the radiolabeled product is delivered dissolved in approximately 5 ml of sterile 5% aqueous dextrose solution containing 1% ethanol adjusted to pH 6.8-7.6 with around 250 ul of 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4.
- the solution is sterile filtered.
- the radiolabeled product is radiochemically pure (>90%).
- radiotracer in water was injected via catheterized jugular vein under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia.
- the regional cerebral distribution and uptake of the labeled tracer was studied utilizing a digital autoradiographic technique (Fuji BAS 5000).
- This technique has the advantages of being very sensitive towards detecting the ⁇ + particles 18 emitted in the decay of F as well as having comparatively good spatial resolution (pixel size 25x25 ⁇ m).
- pixel size 25x25 ⁇ m After sacrifice the brains were removed, chilled in isopentane/CO 2 -ice to approximately -20°C and sectioned on a cryomicrotome.
- the thickness of the cuts were set at 20 ⁇ m. These were set on glass microscope slides and put into a light tight box.
- the radiation sensitive imaging phosphor was placed inside the box such that it covered all slides. After a four hour exposure time (two hours).
- the autoradiography shows binding in a number of structures in the guinea pig brain, all of which are known to have neurokinin-1 receptors present. Very low levels of radioactivity was observed in regions which do not have significant neurokinin-1 receptor concentrations. Quantitative analysis of the autoradiographs to obtain %dose/g values
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99956491A EP1119356B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists |
AT99956491T ATE439838T1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | RADIOM LABELED NEUROKININ-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS |
JP2000571921A JP2002525325A (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist |
DE69941298T DE69941298D1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled Neukoquin-1 receptor antagonists |
AU13091/00A AU1309100A (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists |
CA002343106A CA2343106A1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US10233498P | 1998-09-29 | 1998-09-29 | |
US60/102,334 | 1998-09-29 |
Publications (1)
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WO2000018403A1 true WO2000018403A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
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ID=22289321
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PCT/US1999/022163 WO2000018403A1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 1999-09-24 | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists |
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US (1) | US6241964B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1119356B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002525325A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE439838T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1309100A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2343106A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69941298D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000018403A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003053929A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Toray Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Process for production of optically active cis-piperidine derivatives |
EP1650198A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-04-26 | Toyo Kasei Kogyo Company Limited | Alkoxytetrazol-1-ylbenzaldehyde compound and process for producing the same |
WO2010032856A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and use of same |
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US7344702B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2008-03-18 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Contrast agents for myocardial perfusion imaging |
EP1545525B1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2010-11-10 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Radiolabeled neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists |
AU2004259769B2 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2011-11-24 | The Queen's Medical Center | Preparation and use of alkylating agents |
US7485283B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2009-02-03 | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Contrast agents for myocardial perfusion imaging |
KR100808547B1 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2008-02-29 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | F-18-fluorobenzylidenehydrazone-nicotineamide-peptides for peptide receptor imaging agent and an efficient method to label peptides with radioactive fluorine |
US7824659B2 (en) | 2005-08-10 | 2010-11-02 | Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | Methods of making radiolabeled tracers and precursors thereof |
WO2007041025A2 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Radiolabeled glycine transporter inhibitors |
US8506928B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2013-08-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compounds for targeting tissues |
CA2967254C (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2019-03-26 | Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | Contrast agents for applications including imaging cancer |
WO2010033349A1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Phthalimide derivative metabotropic glutamate r4 ligands |
EP2419096B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2019-11-13 | Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | Stabilization of radiopharmaceutical compositions using ascorbic acid |
JP6092628B2 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2017-03-08 | ランセウス メディカル イメージング, インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for synthesizing contrast agents and intermediates thereof |
AU2013203000B9 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2017-02-02 | Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | Compositions, methods, and systems for the synthesis and use of imaging agents |
EP2774930A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-10 | Aptenia S.R.L. | Metallocene compounds and labeled molecules comprising the same for in vivo imaging. |
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WO1996021661A1 (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-18 | Glaxo Group Limited | Piperidine derivatives having tachykinin antagonist activity |
WO1996029326A1 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Glaxo Group Limited | 3-benzylamino-2-phenylpiperidines as neurokinin antagonists |
JPH08325169A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-12-10 | Nkk Corp | Production of organic compound labeled with fluorine radioisotope |
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US5719156A (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1998-02-17 | Schering Corporation | Piperazino derivatives as neurokinin antagonists |
FI104048B (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1999-11-15 | Map Medical Technologies Oy | Process for the preparation of radioiodinated receptor substances for in vivo use |
-
1999
- 1999-09-24 AT AT99956491T patent/ATE439838T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-24 DE DE69941298T patent/DE69941298D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-24 EP EP99956491A patent/EP1119356B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-24 JP JP2000571921A patent/JP2002525325A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-24 AU AU13091/00A patent/AU1309100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-24 WO PCT/US1999/022163 patent/WO2000018403A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-09-24 CA CA002343106A patent/CA2343106A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-28 US US09/407,822 patent/US6241964B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO1996021661A1 (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-18 | Glaxo Group Limited | Piperidine derivatives having tachykinin antagonist activity |
WO1996029326A1 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Glaxo Group Limited | 3-benzylamino-2-phenylpiperidines as neurokinin antagonists |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003053929A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Toray Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Process for production of optically active cis-piperidine derivatives |
EP1650198A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-04-26 | Toyo Kasei Kogyo Company Limited | Alkoxytetrazol-1-ylbenzaldehyde compound and process for producing the same |
EP1650198A4 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2007-11-21 | Toyo Kasei Kogyo Co Ltd | Alkoxytetrazol-1-ylbenzaldehyde compound and process for producing the same |
US7579480B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2009-08-25 | Toyo Kasei Kogyo Company Limited | Alkoxy-(tetrazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde compound and process for producing the same |
WO2010032856A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and use of same |
US8592454B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-11-26 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and use of same |
USRE48334E1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2020-12-01 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and use of same |
USRE49686E1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2023-10-10 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and use of same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002525325A (en) | 2002-08-13 |
DE69941298D1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
EP1119356B1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
AU1309100A (en) | 2000-04-17 |
EP1119356A4 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
ATE439838T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
EP1119356A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
US6241964B1 (en) | 2001-06-05 |
CA2343106A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
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