WO2000008669A1 - Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a crt - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a crt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000008669A1 WO2000008669A1 PCT/US1999/017244 US9917244W WO0008669A1 WO 2000008669 A1 WO2000008669 A1 WO 2000008669A1 US 9917244 W US9917244 W US 9917244W WO 0008669 A1 WO0008669 A1 WO 0008669A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- opc
- phosphor material
- opc layer
- evaporation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
- H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
- H01J9/227—Applying luminescent coatings with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G13/20—Fixing, e.g. by using heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
- H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
- H01J9/221—Applying luminescent coatings in continuous layers
- H01J9/225—Applying luminescent coatings in continuous layers by electrostatic or electrophoretic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
- H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings
- H01J9/227—Applying luminescent coatings with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots or lines
- H01J9/2276—Development of latent electrostatic images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of electrophotographically manufacturing a phosphor screen for a cathode-ray tube (CRT), and more particularly to an improved fixing process.
- the panels are then dried and "fixed” by spraying multiple layers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an alcohol- water mixture onto the fused phosphor elements.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Each spray application requires about 2 to 5 minutes to achieve complete screen coverage.
- the "fixed” screens are then filmed, either by convention spray or emulsion filming. It has been determined that the PVA spray applications tend to move the phosphor elements slightly, which might be unacceptable, depending on the amount of movement.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,866 issued on Dec. 12, 1995 to Ritt et al., describes a method for fixing the phosphor elements to the underlying OPC layer, by electrostatically spraying a suitable fixative.
- the fixative dissolves the polystyrene of the OPC layer in such a manner that the phosphor elements are at least partially encapsulated by the OPC layer, without causing any movement of the phosphors.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,866 it is very difficult to fix the screen uniformly across the panel surface on a consistent basis.
- the polystyrene of the OPC layer 34 is completely soluble in the fixatives amyl acetate, butyl acetate, MIBK, toluene and xylene, and partially soluble in acetone, the former all having a boiling point within the range of 100 to 150°C.
- MIBK has been the preferred fixative because it dissolves the polystyrene of the OPC layer 34 more slowly than the other solvents, and encapsulates the phosphor elements without moving them.
- screens fixed with MIBK contain under and over fixed areas within the same panel, thereby adversely affecting the subsequent film uniformity.
- a method of electrophotographically manufacturing a phosphor screen comprises the steps of coating an interior surface of a viewing faceplate panel to form a volatilizable organic conductive (OC) layer and overcoating the OC layer to form a volatilizable organic photoconductive (OPC) layer.
- the OPC layer is electrostatically charged and selected areas of the OPC layer are exposed to light to form a charge image.
- the charge image is developed with at least one phosphor material which is fixed to the OPC layer by spraying a fixing solution comprising two solvents, having substantially different rates of evaporation, onto the phosphor material on the OPC layer to affect the solubility thereof and to make the OPC layer tacky.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view, partially in axial section, of a color CRT made according to the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a section of a faceplate panel of the CRT of Fig. 1, showing a phosphor screen assembly;
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram comprising a flow chart of the manufacturing process involved
- Fig. 4 shows a step in the manufacturing process in which a multiplicity of color-emitting phosphor screen elements are deposited onto an OPC layer; and Fig. 5 shows a fixing step in the manufacturing process.
- Fig. 1 shows a color CRT 10 having a glass envelope 11 comprising a rectangular faceplate panel 12 and a tubular neck 14 connected by a rectangular funnel 15.
- the funnel 15 has an internal conductive coating (not shown) that contacts an anode button 16 and extends into the neck 14.
- the panel 12 comprises a viewing faceplate or substrate 18 and a peripheral flange or sidewall 20, which is sealed to the funnel 15 by a glass frit 21.
- a luminescent three color phosphor screen 22 is carried on the inner surface of the faceplate 18. The screen 22, shown in Fig.
- a line screen that includes a multiplicity of screen elements composed of red-emitting, green-emitting and blue-emitting phosphor stripes R, G, and B, respectively, arranged in color groups or picture elements of three stripes or triads, in a cyclic order.
- the stripes extend in a direction that is generally normal to the plane in which the electron beams are generated. In the normal viewing position, the phosphor stripes extend in a vertical direction.
- at least portions of the phosphor stripes ove-lap a relatively thin, light absorptive matrix 23, as is known in the art.
- a dot screen also may be formed by the novel process.
- the screen 22 and the overlying aluminum layer 24 comprise a screen assembly.
- a multi-apertured color selection electrode or shadow mask 25 is removably mounted, by conventional means, in predetermined spaced relation to the screen assembly.
- An electron gun 26, shown schematically by the dashed lines in Fig. 1, is centrally mounted within the neck 14, to generate and direct three electron beams 28 along convergent paths, through the apertures in the mask 25, to the screen 22.
- the electron gun is conventional and may be any suitable gun known in the art.
- the tube 10 is designed to be used with an external magnetic deflection yoke, such as yoke 30, located in the region of the funnel-to-neck junction.
- an external magnetic deflection yoke such as yoke 30, located in the region of the funnel-to-neck junction.
- the yoke 30 subjects the three beams 28 to magnetic fields that cause the beams to scan horizontally and vertically, in a rectangular raster, over the screen 22.
- the initial plane of deflection (at zero deflection) is shown by the line P - P in Fig. 1 , at about the middle of the yoke 30.
- the actual curvatures of the deflection beam paths, in the deflection zone are not shown.
- the screen is manufactured by an electrophotographic screening (EPS) process that is shown schematically in Fig. 3.
- EPS electrophotographic screening
- the panel 12 is cleaned, as indicated by reference numeral 40, by washing it with a caustic solution, rinsing it in water, etching it with buffered hydrofluoric acid and rinsing it again with water, as is known in the art.
- the interior surface of the viewing faceplate 18 is then provided with the light absorbing matrix 23, as indicated by reference numeral 42, preferably, using the conventional wet matrix process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,558,310, issued to Mayaud on Jan. 26, 1971.
- a suitable photoresist solution is applied to the interior surface, e.g., by spin coating, and the solution is dried to form a photoresist layer.
- the shadow mask is inserted into the panel and the panel is placed onto a three-in-one lighthouse that exposes the photoresist layer to actinic radiation from a light source that projects light through the openings in the shadow mask.
- the exposure is repeated two more times with the light source located to simulate the paths of the electron beams from the three electron guns.
- the light selectively alters the solubility of the exposed areas of the photoresist layer where 5 phosphor materials will subsequently be deposited.
- the panel is removed from the lighthouse and the shadow mask is removed from the panel.
- the photoresist layer is developed, using water, to remove the more soluble areas thereof, thereby exposing the underlying interior surface of the faceplate, and leaving the less soluble, exposed areas of the photoresist layer intact.
- light-absorbing material is uniformly provided onto the interior surface of the faceplate 18 to cover the exposed portion of the faceplate and the retained, less soluble, areas of the photoresist layer.
- the layer of light-absorbing material is dried and developed using a suitable solution that will dissolve and remove the retained portion of the photoresist layer and the overlying light-absorbing material, forming
- OC volatilizable, organic conductive
- OPC organic photoconductive
- Suitable materials for the OC layer 32 include certain quaternary ammonium polyelectrolytes recited in U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,952, issued to Datta et al. on Dec. 6, 1994.
- the OPC layer 34 is formed, as indicated by reference numeral 46, by coating the OC layer 32 with an OPC solution containing polystyrene; an electron
- 25 donor material such as l,4-di(2,4-methyl phenyl)-l,4 diphenylbutatriene; an electron acceptor materials, such as 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and 2-ethylanthroquinone; and at least one solvent, such as toluene or xylene, or a combination thereof.
- a surfactant such as silicone U-7602 and a plasticizer, such as dioctyl phthalate, also may be added to the OPC solution.
- the surfactant U-7602 is available from Union Carbide,
- the OPC layer 34 is uniformly electrostatically charged, as indicated by reference numeral 48, using a corona discharge device, not shown, that is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,959, issued on Jan. 28, 1992, to Datta et al.
- the OPC layer 34 is charged to a voltage within the range of approximately +200 to +700 volts.
- shadow mask 25 is then inserted into the panel 12, which is placed onto a lighthouse, also not shown, and the positively charged OPC layer 34 is exposed, through the shadow mask 25, to light from a suitable light source disposed within the lighthouse.
- the light passes through the apertures in the shadow mask 25, at an angle identical to that of one of the electron beams from the electron gun of the tube, and discharges the illuminated areas on the OPC layer 34 on which it is incident to form a charge image, as indicated by reference numeral 50.
- the shadow mask is removed from the panel 12, and the panel is placed onto a first phosphor developer containing a first color- emitting phosphor material, to develop the charge image, as indicated by reference numeral 52.
- the first color-emitting phosphor material is positively triboelectrical charged within the developer and directed toward the OPC layer 34.
- the positively charged first color-emitting phosphor material is repelled by the positively charged areas on the OPC layer 34 and deposited onto the discharged areas thereof by the process known in the art as "reversal" development.
- reversal development triboelectrically charged particles of screen structure material are repelled by similarly charged areas of the OPC layer 34 and deposited onto the discharged areas thereof.
- the size of each of the lines of the first color-emitting phosphor elements is slightly larger than the size of the openings in the light-absorbing matrix to provide complete coverage of each opening, and a slight overlap of the light-absorbing matrix material surrounding the openings.
- the development as indicated by reference numeral 54 is not complete. Accordingly, the panel 12 is electrostatically recharged, as indicated by reference numeral 48, using the above-described corona discharge apparatus. A positive voltage is established on the OPC layer 34 and on the first color-emitting phosphor material deposited thereon. The light exposure step 50 and the phosphor development step 52 are repeated for each of the two remaining color-emitting phosphors.
- each of the lines of the other two color-emitting phosphor elements on the OPC layer 34 also is larger than the size of the matrix openings, to ensure that no gaps occur and that a slight overlap of the light-absorbing matrix material surrounding the openings is provided.
- the resultant phosphor screen 22 is shown in Fig. 4 .
- the three light-emitting phosphors are fixed to the above-described OPC layer
- the phosphors elements are contacted with a suitable fixative that is electrostatically charged by an electrostatic spray gun 43, shown in Fig. 5.
- the preferred electrostatic spray gun is an AEROBELLTM model, available from ITW Ransburg, Toledo, OH.
- the electrostatic gun provides negatively charged droplets of uniform size that wet the phosphor screen elements and the underlying OPC layer 34, without moving the phosphors.
- the panel 12 is oriented with the OPC layer 34 and the phosphor screen elements directed downwardly, toward the electrostatic gun 43.
- the downward orientation of the panel 12 prevents any large droplets, forming on the electrostatic gun 43, from dropping onto the screen 22 and moving the phosphor elements.
- the polystyrene used in the OPC layer 34 is completely soluble in the preferred fixative, MIBK, because it dissolves the polystyrene of the OPC layer 34 more slowly than the other solvents, and encapsulates the phosphor elements without moving them.
- MIBK preferred fixative
- the uniformity of the fixing is significantly improved.
- the mixture of solvents is electrostatically sprayed onto the phosphors and the OPC layer in two passes of the electrostatic spray guns.
- the passes include a forward pass and a backward pass, with a delay of 0 to 45 seconds between the first and second passes, although a delay of 30 seconds is preferred. It has been determined that the delay permits at least a portion, or in some instances, all of the MIBK from the first pass to evaporate.
- the OPC layer retains its tackiness because the d-Limonene evaporates more slowly and keeps the OPC layer wet and tacky until the second pass of the spray guns.
- the use of the mixed solvents, with different rates of evaporation, provide greater process latitude and better uniformity of encapsulation of the phosphor material to the OPC layer.
- MIBK to d-Limonene is 2: 1, and the delay time between passes was varied from 0 to 45 seconds.
- the sweep time of the electrostatic guns was 4 seconds across the panel in each direction. Two electrostatic guns were used in the spray module. Gun #1 had a fluid flow of 12 ml./8 seconds and gun #2 had a fluid flow of 16 ml./8 seconds.
- the phosphor screen is then filmed, in yet another manufacturing step, as indicated in Fig. 3 by numeral 62, to provide a filming layer, not shown, that forms a smooth surface, which completely covers the phosphor elements of the screen 22.
- the aluminum layer 24 subsequently will be deposited onto the film layer.
- the film preferably, is deposited by electrostatically spraying a polymeric solution over the phosphor screen elements.
- the preferred filming solution is an acrylic resin dissolved in MIBK. Good results have been obtained using a resin, available from Pierce and Stevens, Buffalo, NY, comprising about 90 wt. % of polymethyl methacrylate, 9 wt. % of isobutyl methacrylate, and the balance being the plasticizer DOP, and nitrocellulose.
- the resin solids comprise about 3 to 10 wt. % of the filming solution.
- the phosphor screen 22 is aluminized, as indicated by reference numeral 66, to form a screen assembly, and baked, as indicated by reference numeral 68, at a temperature of about 425°C, for about 30 minutes, to remove the volatilizable constituents, such as the OC layer 32, the OPC layer 34 and the filming layer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Formation Of Various Coating Films On Cathode Ray Tubes And Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99937638A EP1103061B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-29 | Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a crt |
DE69939473T DE69939473D1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-29 | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PHOSPHORUS IRON FOR A CATHODE TUBE |
JP2000564221A JP2002522880A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-29 | Method of manufacturing phosphor screen for CRT |
AU52430/99A AU5243099A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-29 | Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a crt |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/129,236 | 1998-08-05 | ||
US09/129,236 US5925485A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-08-05 | Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a CRT |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000008669A1 true WO2000008669A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
Family
ID=22439031
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/017244 WO2000008669A1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-29 | Method of manufacturing a phosphor screen for a crt |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5925485A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1103061B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002522880A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100629188B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1129944C (en) |
AU (1) | AU5243099A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69939473D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000008669A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6326110B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2001-12-04 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Humidity and temperature insensitive organic conductor for electrophotographic screening process |
US6444380B1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-09-03 | Thomson Licensing S. A. | Filming process for electrophotographic screen (EPS) formation |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4917978A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-04-17 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Method of electrophotographically manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly having increased adherence for a CRT |
US5474866A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1995-12-12 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3558310A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1971-01-26 | Rca Corp | Method for producing a graphic image |
US5083959A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-01-28 | Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. | CRT charging apparatus |
US5370952A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1994-12-06 | Rca Thomson Licensing Corp. | Organic conductor for an electrophotographic screening process for a CRT |
US5554468A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-09-10 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | CRT electrophotographic screening method using an organic photoconductive layer |
US6037086A (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2000-03-14 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc., | Method of manufacturing a matrix for a cathode-ray tube |
-
1998
- 1998-08-05 US US09/129,236 patent/US5925485A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-29 CN CN99809254A patent/CN1129944C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-29 EP EP99937638A patent/EP1103061B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-29 AU AU52430/99A patent/AU5243099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-29 WO PCT/US1999/017244 patent/WO2000008669A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-29 KR KR1020017001458A patent/KR100629188B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-29 JP JP2000564221A patent/JP2002522880A/en active Pending
- 1999-07-29 DE DE69939473T patent/DE69939473D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4917978A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-04-17 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Method of electrophotographically manufacturing a luminescent screen assembly having increased adherence for a CRT |
US5474866A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1995-12-12 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a luminescent screen for a CRT |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69939473D1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
EP1103061A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 |
EP1103061B1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
AU5243099A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
KR100629188B1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
US5925485A (en) | 1999-07-20 |
JP2002522880A (en) | 2002-07-23 |
KR20010079606A (en) | 2001-08-22 |
CN1129944C (en) | 2003-12-03 |
CN1311895A (en) | 2001-09-05 |
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