WO2000005733A2 - High strength soft magnetic alloys - Google Patents
High strength soft magnetic alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000005733A2 WO2000005733A2 PCT/GB1999/002395 GB9902395W WO0005733A2 WO 2000005733 A2 WO2000005733 A2 WO 2000005733A2 GB 9902395 W GB9902395 W GB 9902395W WO 0005733 A2 WO0005733 A2 WO 0005733A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- soft magnetic
- magnetic alloy
- less
- strip
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved soft magnetic alloys.
- the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such alloys.
- Specialised soft magnetic alloys are needed for electrical machine components moving at high speed. Examples of such machines are electrical generators and magnetic bearings. Higher operational speeds are sought in order to achieve improved performance and to widen the field of operation of these machines. As a consequence, soft magnetic materials having increased mechanical strength, and in particular increased yield stress, are required to withstand the stress levels associated with higher rotation speeds. Typically, a minimum yield stress of 600 MPa is specified.
- both a stator and a rotor are constructed from laminations stamped from a strip of soft magnetic material.
- both the stator and rotor laminations are preferably stamped from the same soft magnetic alloy strip.
- the soft magnetic alloy should preferably exhibit high magnetic saturation and low eddy current losses.
- the main technology used hitherto for soft magnetic alloys in such applications is an alloy consisting essentially of 45-55% Co, 1.5-2.5% V, with the balance Fe.
- the preferred composition is 49/49/2 Fe/Co/V.
- the vanadium is added to improve ductility for cold working and also to increase resistivity, thus reducing eddy current losses.
- the mechanical and magnetic properties of such alloys are summarised in Table 2 below.
- GB-A-1523881 describes the addition of nickel to the 49/49/2 Fe/CoN alloy to produce a substantial increase in yield stress.
- the alloy has composition 44% cobalt, 3.5% nickel, 1.5% vanadium and the balance iron. These alloys have increased yield strength, but exhibit less favourable magnetic saturation and 400 Hz eddy current losses than the basic 49/49/2 alloys, as summarised in Table 2 below (Alloy A).
- GB-A-2207927 describes soft magnetic alloys comprising 33-55% cobalt, 0.15%-0.5% tantalum or niobium or mixtures thereof, and the balance iron.
- the use of tantalum or niobium instead of vanadium results in improved magnetic saturation as compared to 49Co/49Fe/2V alloys. See Alloy C in Table 2.
- US-A-3634072 describes a soft magnetic alloy containing 45-52% cobalt, 0.5-2.5% vanadium, at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.02-0.5% niobium and 0.07-0.3% zirconium, and the balance iron.
- the preferred compositions and examples all contain at least 1.5% of vanadium, preferably 1.8- 2.2% vanadium.
- a version of such an alloy is commercially available under the registered trade mark HIPERCO Alloy 50HS from Carpenter Technology Corporation, and typically contains 49% cobalt, 1.9% vanadium, 0.3% niobium, and the balance iron and minor impurities.
- the magnetic properties of such an alloy are, however, inferior to those 49Co/49Fe/2V, as can be seen from the example (Alloy B) in Table 2 below.
- FeCo soft magnetic alloys containing niobium or tantalum, and containing quantities of vanadium substantially less than the conventional 2% by weight have surprisingly improved mechanical and soft magnetic properties. Furthermore, these properties can be tailored for different applications by controlled heat treatment of the alloys.
- the present invention provides a soft magnetic alloy consisting essentially of:
- the term "consisting essentially of implies that the alloy consists of the stated components, plus incidental impurities present in amounts too small to influence the mechanical or magnetic properties of the alloy to any significant extent.
- the total level of such incidental impurities is less than 0.3% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy.
- the soft magnetic alloy preferably comprises 48 to 51% cobalt, 0.9% to 1.3% vanadium, 0.25% to 0.4% niobium or tantalum, less than 0.15% manganese, less than 0.15% silicon, and less than 0.02% carbon.
- the soft magnetic alloys contain less than 0.1% niobium, and more preferably they contain less than
- niobium 0.02% of niobium, most preferably substantially no niobium.
- the soft magnetic alloy may be in the form of a powder, or an article such as a rod, strip or the like.
- the soft magnetic alloy is in the form of a strip, whereby laminations for a magnetic machine can be stamped from the strip.
- the grain size and order/disorder state of the individual grains in the strip can be controlled by conventional metallurgical techniques such as melting, rolling, annealing, quenching and the like in known fashion.
- the formed article has a yield strength of at least 500 MN/m 2 , more preferably at least 600 MN/m 2 .
- the present invention also provides a rotor for an electrical machine, wherein the rotor comprises a soft magnetic alloy according to the present invention, said alloy preferably having a yield strength of at least 600 MN/m 2 .
- the present invention further provides an electrical machine comprising a rotor according to the invention and a stator according to the invention.
- the soft magnetic alloy of the rotor and the soft magnetic alloy of the stator have the same chemical composition. This can be accomplished by stamping the rotor and the stator from the same soft magnetic alloy strip, followed by different heat treatments of the rotor and stator laminations to provide the desired mechanical and magnetic properties.
- the present invention further provides a process for the preparation of a soft magnetic alloy comprising the steps of: providing an alloy composition consisting essentially of:
- Niobium or Tantalum or mixtures thereof 0 to 0.3% Manganese
- the alloy composition is a composition according to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention as hereinbefore defined.
- the alloy composition may be formed, for example, by vacuum induction melting of the metal components.
- the heat treatment step is typically carried out under vacuum, or under a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen, or under an inert atmosphere such as argon, or under mixtures of such atmospheres.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out for a time of from 0.5 to 8 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out either in a temperature range of 850°C to 920°C, or in a temperature range from 700°C to 760°C. The higher temperature range tends to give improved permeability and lower magnetic induction losses.
- both the rotor and the stator components can be formed from the same alloy composition, or even stamped from the same strip, followed by different heat treatment regimes to achieve the desired balance of mechanical and magnetic properties.
- the alloy composition is processed into an alloy body, preferably an alloy strip, prior to the step of heat treating.
- this process comprises melting the alloy, hot working the alloy, reheating the alloy above its order/disorder temperature, followed by quenching the alloy to lock in the disordered state.
- a 49%Co/49%Fe/2%V alloy strip was prepared by vacuum melting, hot working to a 2.5 mm thick strip, reheating above the order/disorder temperature, water quenching and rolling to 0.35 mm final thickness. Magnetic and tensile test samples were stamped from the strip. The test samples were heat treated in dry hydrogen for 2 hours at 680°C and 760°C. The mechanical and magnetic properties of the resulting strips are shown in Table 1. TABLE 1
- the 49Co/49Fe/2V strip annealed at 680°C has high yield strength, but relatively poor magnetic saturation and induction losses.
- the sample heat treated at 760°C has good magnetic induction saturation and low losses, but a yield strength that is too low for use in electrical machine components subject to high operational loadings.
- Alloy B 49% Co, 1.9% V, 0.3% Nb, balance Fe Alloy C 50% Co, 0.24% V, 0.28% Ta, 0.06% Mn, 0.06% Si, 0.002% C, balance iron
- Alloy 1 50.1 % Co, 1.04% V, 0.32% Ta, 0.06% Mn, 0.09% Si, 0.014%
- the alloys according to the present invention annealed at 720°C provide not only a yield strength above 600 MN/m 2 making them suitable for use in high stress components such as rotors, but also exhibit excellent magnetic properties.
- the alloys according to the present invention annealed at 880°C exhibit lower yield strengths, combined with outstanding magnetic properties. The higher temperature annealed strips are therefore extremely well suited for use in stator components of electrical machines.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69904367T DE69904367T2 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS WITH HIGH STRENGTH |
EP99934945A EP1145259B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | High strength soft magnetic alloys |
AT99934945T ATE229223T1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS WITH HIGH STRENGTH |
AU50562/99A AU5056299A (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | High strength soft magnetic alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9816232.4 | 1998-07-24 | ||
GB9816232A GB2339798B (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1998-07-24 | High Strength soft magnetic alloys |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000005733A2 true WO2000005733A2 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
WO2000005733A3 WO2000005733A3 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
Family
ID=10836175
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1999/002395 WO2000005733A2 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | High strength soft magnetic alloys |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1145259B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE229223T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5056299A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69904367T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2189451T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2339798B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000005733A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2495465A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-04-17 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | A method of processing a soft magnetic Fe-Co-V-Nb/Ta alloy |
US9243304B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2016-01-26 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Company Kg | Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy |
CN114717460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength iron-cobalt soft magnetic alloy strip and preparation method thereof |
US11827961B2 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2023-11-28 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | FeCoV alloy and method for producing a strip from an FeCoV alloy |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202012000842U1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2012-02-03 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Rotor for a rotating electric machine and electric motor |
WO2013110652A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Rotor for a rotating electric machine and rotating electric machine |
US9735642B2 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2017-08-15 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Rotor for a rotating electric machine |
DE202012003643U1 (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2012-04-23 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Rotor for a rotating electric machine and rotating electric machine |
WO2018075882A1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Reducing ordered growth in soft-magnetic fe-co alloys |
DE102021107416A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Synchronous reluctance machine with partially modified electrical laminations, rotor, motor vehicle and manufacturing process |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3634072A (en) * | 1970-05-21 | 1972-01-11 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Magnetic alloy |
US5501747A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-03-26 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | High strength iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy article |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2701306B2 (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1998-01-21 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Method for producing Fe-Co based magnetic alloy |
JPH09228007A (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-09-02 | Toshiba Corp | High strength magnetostriction alloy, sensor core and load sensor using the same |
JPH1088301A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-04-07 | Tohoku Tokushuko Kk | Production of iron-cobalt alloy sheet |
-
1998
- 1998-07-24 GB GB9816232A patent/GB2339798B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-23 AT AT99934945T patent/ATE229223T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-23 WO PCT/GB1999/002395 patent/WO2000005733A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-23 DE DE69904367T patent/DE69904367T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-23 ES ES99934945T patent/ES2189451T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-23 AU AU50562/99A patent/AU5056299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-23 EP EP99934945A patent/EP1145259B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3634072A (en) * | 1970-05-21 | 1972-01-11 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Magnetic alloy |
US5501747A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-03-26 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | High strength iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy article |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MAJOR R V ET AL: "HIGH SATURATION TERNARY COBALT-IRON BASED ALLOYS" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 24, no. 2, 1 March 1988 (1988-03-01), pages 1856-1858, XP000174179 ISSN: 0018-9464 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 007 (C-673), 10 January 1990 (1990-01-10) & JP 01 255645 A (DAIDO STEEL CO LTD), 12 October 1989 (1989-10-12) * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2495465A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-04-17 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | A method of processing a soft magnetic Fe-Co-V-Nb/Ta alloy |
GB2495465B (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2014-07-09 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg | Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy |
US9243304B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2016-01-26 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Company Kg | Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy |
US11827961B2 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2023-11-28 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | FeCoV alloy and method for producing a strip from an FeCoV alloy |
CN114717460A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-07-08 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength iron-cobalt soft magnetic alloy strip and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9816232D0 (en) | 1998-09-23 |
ES2189451T3 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
DE69904367T2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
EP1145259A3 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
WO2000005733A3 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
ATE229223T1 (en) | 2002-12-15 |
GB2339798A (en) | 2000-02-09 |
DE69904367D1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
GB2339798B (en) | 2002-12-11 |
AU5056299A (en) | 2000-02-14 |
EP1145259B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
EP1145259A2 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
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