WO2000004406A1 - Multi-clad black display panel - Google Patents
Multi-clad black display panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000004406A1 WO2000004406A1 PCT/US1999/015952 US9915952W WO0004406A1 WO 2000004406 A1 WO2000004406 A1 WO 2000004406A1 US 9915952 W US9915952 W US 9915952W WO 0004406 A1 WO0004406 A1 WO 0004406A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical panel
- black
- panel
- cladding layers
- stack
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
- G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
- G02B6/08—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images with fibre bundle in form of plate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
- G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S385/00—Optical waveguides
- Y10S385/901—Illuminating or display apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention is directed generally to a planar optical display, and, more particularly, to a multi-clad black display panel and a method of making a multi-clad black display panel.
- Video display screens typically use cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for projecting an image onto the outlet face of the screen.
- CRTs cathode ray tubes
- a typical screen of this type has a width to height ratio of 4 with 525 vertical lines of resolution.
- An electron beam must be scanned both horizontally and vertically on the screen to form a number of pixels, which collectively form the image.
- Conventional cathode ray tubes have a practical limit in size and are relatively deep to accommodate the required electron gun.
- Larger screen televisions are available which typically include various forms of image projection for increasing the screen image size.
- such screens may experience limited viewing angle, limited resolution, decreased brightness, and decreased contrast. In order to improve brightness, more light must be incident to the viewer and less absorbed within the unit. In order to improve contrast, it is necessary that the viewing screen be as black as possible. It is not currently possible for direct view CRT's to be black because they utilize phosphors for forming the viewing image, and the phosphors are not black.
- an optical panel having a plurality of stacked waveguides is rendered black using a black cladding layer between transparent cores of the waveguides.
- the cladding layers disclosed therein have a lower index of refraction than the waveguide cores for effectuating substantial internal reflection of the image light channeled through the cores, and thereby improve contrast.
- the dual function black cladding layer because the layer is black in color and thus places black particles in direct contact with the core, creates a small amount of light absorption, thereby reducing the amount of total internal reflection. The maximum brightness of the image displayed on the screen is thereby reduced.
- the present invention is directed to an optical display panel which provides improved viewing contrast and brightness by increasing the black area visible to a viewer, while minimizing light absorption within the panel by minimizing the exposure of black particles directly to the light.
- the multi-clad black display panel includes an inlet face at one end for receiving light, and an outlet screen at an opposite end for displaying the light.
- the inlet face is defined at one end of a transparent body formed by a plurality of waveguides
- the outlet screen is defined at an opposite end of the body and may be disposed obliquely with the inlet face.
- Each of the waveguides includes a core for channeling light, and the core is placed between an opposing pair of transparent cladding layers.
- the waveguides also have a black layer disposed between transparent cladding layers.
- the present invention is also directed to a method of making a multi-clad black display panel.
- the method includes stacking a plurality of glass sheets, each having attached thereto opposed transparent cladding layers, with a black layer disposed between each sheet, and placing the stack against a saw and cutting the stack, using the saw, at two opposite ends at an angle to form a wedge-shaped panel having an inlet face and an outlet face.
- the multi-clad black display panel solves problems experienced in the prior art by providing substantially total internal reflection, thereby improving screen brightness, while also providing a black screen to improve viewing contrast.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view schematic illustrating a display panel
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view illustrating a vertical cross section of a multi-clad black display panel.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view schematic illustrating a display panel 10.
- the display panel 10 may include a plurality of stacked optical waveguides 16a, an outlet face 16 at one end of a body 18 formed by the plurality of stacked waveguides 16a, an inlet face 12 at a second end of the body 18, and a light generator 21.
- the body 18 is preferably solid and homogeneous, and receives light 14 along the surface of the inlet face 12. The light 14 is passed through the body 18 after entering the inlet face 12.
- the body 18 is formed of the length, height, and width of the plurality of stacked waveguides 16a.
- the plurality of stacked waveguides 16a forms the body 18 of the panel 10, forms at one end of the stack 16a the inlet face 12, and at a second end the outlet face 16.
- the waveguides 16a may be formed of any material known in the art to be suitable for passing electromagnetic waves therethrough, such as, but not limited to, plastics, or glass.
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention is implemented using individual glass sheets, which are typically approximately .004" thick, and which may be of a manageable length and width.
- the glass used may be of a type such as, but not limited to, glass type BK-7, or may be a suitable plastic laminate, such as Lexan®, commercially available from the General Electric Company®.
- the inlet face 12 and outlet face 16 are formed by the plurality of waveguides 16a, wherein one end of each waveguide 16a forms an inlet for that waveguide, and wherein the opposite end of each waveguide 16a forms an outlet for that waveguide 16a.
- Each waveguide 16a extends horizontally, and the plurality of stacked waveguides 16a extends vertically.
- the light 14 may be displayed on the outlet face in a form such as, but not limited to, a video image 14a.
- the focusing length of the panel 10 may increase from the outlet face 16 to the back face 19 where the panel 10 is formed in a wedge shape, which may result in an image 14a having slightly reduced resolution.
- a panel 10 having reduced resolution may be used in alternate applications, rather than video display screen applications.
- the panel 10 may be used as an illuminated button whose screen requires a simple image communicated to the viewer.
- the outlet face 16 is formed by the plurality of stacked optical waveguides 16a.
- the outlet face 16 is at one end of the body 18, and is disposed obliquely with the inlet face 12.
- the inlet face 12 is generally defined as the bottom of the body 18, and the outlet face 16 is defined as the front of the body 18.
- the outlet face 16 may be generally perpendicular to the inlet face 12, forming a triangular wedge having an acute face angle A between the inlet face 16 of the body 18 and the back end 19 of the body 18.
- the acute face angle A may be in the range of about 1 to about 10 degrees, and is preferably about 5 degrees, with the panel 10 increasing in thickness from a minimum at the top of the body 18, to a maximum thickness at the bottom of the body 18.
- the maximum thickness may be chosen as small as is practicable in a given application.
- the panel 10 has a height from the top to the bottom of the outlet face 16, and a width from the left to the right of the outlet face 16.
- the width and height may be selected to produce width to height aspect ratios of 4:3 or 16:9, for example, for use in a typical television application.
- a maximum thickness in the range of about 5.0 to 8.0 cm may be chosen, in conjuction with a height of 100 cm and a width of 133 cm.
- the light generator 21 generates light 14 and passes the light to inlet face 12.
- the light generator may include a light source 22, a light modulator 24, and imaging optics 25.
- the light 14 may be initially generated by the light source 22.
- the light source 22 may be, for example, a bright incandescent bulb, a laser, an arc lamp, or an LED.
- the light 14 from the source 22 may then be modulated by the modulator 24 for defining individual picture elements, known in the art as pixels.
- the modulator 24 may take a form known in the art, such as, but not limited to, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), a raster scanner, a vector scanner, a CRT, or an FED.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- DMD Digital Micromirror Device
- the imaging optics 25 may include light folding mirrors or lenses.
- the imaging optics 25 are optically aligned between the inlet face 12 and the light modulator 24 for compressing or expanding and focusing the light 14 as required to fit the inlet face 12.
- the light 14, after entry into the inlet face 12, travels through the panel body 18 to the outlet face 16.
- the light 14 is projected from the image optics 25 over the inlet face 12, and is thus directed generally vertically upward for projection from the outlet face 16.
- the display panel 10 of the present invention may include at least one light redirective element connected at the outlet face 16 in order to redirect the light 14, which is incident in a direction generally vertically upward from the inlet face 12, to a direction perpendicular to the outlet face 16.
- the light redirective element may be, but is not limited to, a mirrored serration, a plurality of serrations, a holographic coating, a lens or series of lenses, a micro-lens or series of micro-lenses, or a Fresnel prism.
- FIG. 2 is an isometric view illustrating a vertical cross section of a multi-clad black display panel 10.
- the multi-clad black display panel 10 is a preferred embodiment of the panel 10 of FIG. 1.
- the multi-clad black display panel includes a body 18 formed of a plurality of stacked optical waveguides 16a, extending from the inlet face 12 to the outlet face 16, for independently channeling and confining the light 14 therethrough.
- the waveguides 16a are in the form of sheets or ribbons extending the full width of the outlet face 16 and are stacked to collectively form at their upper ends the height of the outlet face 16.
- the waveguides 16a are disposed along their longitudinal light transmitting axes at an acute face angle A with the outlet face, which angle is defined by the acutely beveled upper ends of the waveguides 16a disposed coplanar in the vertical plane.
- the number of waveguides 16a may be selected for providing a corresponding vertical resolution of the outlet face 16. For example, 525 of the waveguides 16a may be stacked to produce 525 lines of vertical resolution in the outlet face 16. Since the waveguides 16a extend the full width of the outlet face 16, horizontal resolution is controlled by horizontal modulation of the image light 14.
- Each of the plurality of waveguides includes a central core 26 for channeling the image light 14 through the waveguides, and each core 26 is disposed between an opposing pair of cladding layers 28.
- the cladding layers 28 extend completely from the inlet face 12 to the outlet face 16 along the entire width of the outlet face 16.
- a black layer 30 is disposed between adjoining cladding layers 28 for absorbing ambient light 32 at the outlet face 16.
- the term black is used herein to encompass not only pure black color, but additionally, any functionally comparable dark color suitable for use in the present invention, such as dark blue. The black layer 30.
- the black layer 30 extends completely from the inlet face 12 to the outlet face 16 along the entire width of the outlet face 16.
- Each central core 26 has a first index of refraction.
- the cladding layers 28 have a second index of refraction, lower than that of the central core 26, for ensuring total internal reflection of the image light 14 as it travels from the inlet face 12 to the outlet face 16.
- the core is preferably bi-directional.
- the cladding layers 28 are transparent in order to effectuate total internal reflection of the image light 14, and thereby maximize the brightness of the light 14 at the outlet face 16.
- the black layers 30 may have any index of refraction.
- the black layers 30 are exposed at the outlet face 16 and are viewable at the outlet face 16, thus absorbing ambient light 32 and thereby increasing viewing contrast of the outlet face 16.
- the black layers 30 are also viewable at the outlet face 16 through the transparent central cores 26 and transparent cladding layers 28, thereby further absorbing ambient light 32 and increasing viewing contrast. Because the black layers 30 are separate from the cladding layers, the black layer does not contact the glass directly, thus preventing the absorption of any portion of the light due to black particle. Therefore, because only lower refraction index particles are in direct contact with the glass, internal reflection is substantially improved.
- the plurality of stacked waveguides 16a may be formed by several methods.
- a plurality of glass sheets, as described above, may be used as the central cores 26, and may be individually coated with, or dipped within, a clear substance having an index of refraction lower than that of the glass, such as, but not limited to, polyurethane, clear coat, silicons, cyanoacreylates, and low index refraction epoxys, thereby forming a coated glass sheet.
- This clear substance is the opposed cladding layers 28.
- two pieces of polymethylmethacrylate (plexiglass) could be fastened to each face of the glass sheet by methods known in the art, thereby forming the coated glass sheet.
- a first coated glass sheet is then placed in a trough sized slightly larger than the first coated glass sheet.
- the trough may then be filled with a thermally curing black epoxy.
- the black epoxy need not possess the properties of a suitable cladding layer.
- coated glass sheets are repeatedly stacked, and a layer of epoxy forms between each coated glass sheet, thereby forming the black layers 30.
- the sheets are preferably stacked at a slight angle, which angle must be less than 90 degrees.
- the stacking is preferably repeated until between approximately 500 and 800 sheets have been stacked. Uniform pressure may then be applied to the stack, thereby causing the epoxy to flow to a generally uniform level between coated glass sheets.
- the stack may then be baked to cure at 80 degrees Celsius for such time as is necessary to cure the epoxy, and the stack is then allowed to cool slowly in order to prevent cracking of the glass.
- the stack is placed against a saw, such as, but not limited to, a diamond saw, and cut at two opposite ends at an angle to form a wedge-shaped panel 10 having an inlet face 12 and an outlet face 16.
- the inlet face 12 and the outlet face 16 may be cut as planar or curved as desired.
- the cut portions of the panel 10 may then be polished with a diamond polisher to remove any saw marks.
- the lower end of the stack may be polished for receiving the image light 14 over the inlet face 12.
- the exposed ends of the central cores 26 at the outlet face 16 may be frosted to diffuse the image light 14.
- the coated glass sheets may be coated with a black substance, such as spray paint.
- the coated blackened glass sheets may then be stacked within a trough containing clear or black epoxy, followed by the steps recited hereinabove.
- the coated blackened glass sheets may be individually fastened using glue or epoxy, without the use of a filled trough or the equivalent, followed by the steps recited hereinabove.
- the coated glass sheets preferably have a width in the range between 0.5" and 1.0", and are of a manageable length, such as 12".
- the coated glass sheets are stacked, but need not be stacked at an angle, and a layer of black UV adhesive is placed between each sheet. Ultraviolet radiation is then used to cure each adhesive layer, and the stack may then be cut and/or polished and discussed hereinabove.
- the adhesive layers are preferably approximately .0002" in depth.
- the black layer 30 may be a black plastic laminate, or a black polyethylene, bonded between respective pairs of cladding layers 28 using glue or black or clear epoxy, which bonded stack may then be cut and/or polished as described hereinabove.
- both the clear substance and the black layer could be formed of a suitable substance and placed, in turn, on the glass core using sputtering techniques known in the art, or deposition techniques known in the art. The steps are then followed as recited above.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002343747A CA2343747A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
JP2000560472A JP2002520668A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
EP99934033A EP1090318A4 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
AU49953/99A AU4995399A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
IL14063899A IL140638A0 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
BR9912130-1A BR9912130A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Optical panel, and processes for producing a stacked waveguide optical panel and for producing a stacked optical waveguide |
KR1020017000625A KR20010070964A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11623098A | 1998-07-16 | 1998-07-16 | |
US09/116,230 | 1998-07-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000004406A1 true WO2000004406A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
Family
ID=22365989
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/015952 WO2000004406A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-14 | Multi-clad black display panel |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6487350B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1090318A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002520668A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010070964A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1346446A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4995399A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9912130A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2343747A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL140638A0 (en) |
TW (1) | TW411398B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000004406A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1279052A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2003-01-29 | Brookhaven Science Associates | Planar optical waveguides for optical panel having gradient refractive index core |
EP1342111A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-09-10 | Scram Technologies, Inc. | A high contrast front projection display panel and a method of making a high contrast front projection display panel |
EP1745314A2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-01-24 | Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC | Optical panel system including stackable waveguides |
US7496263B2 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2009-02-24 | Fujifilm Manfacturing U.S.A. Inc. | Thermosetting optical waveguide coating |
WO2014043043A1 (en) * | 2012-09-16 | 2014-03-20 | Solarsort Technologies, Inc | Waveguide-based energy transducers, and energy conversion cells using same |
Families Citing this family (15)
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US6389206B1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2002-05-14 | Brookhaven Science Associates | Light redirective display panel and a method of making a light redirective display panel |
US6571044B2 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2003-05-27 | Scram Technologies, Inc. | High contrast display panel and a method of making a high contrast display panel |
US6751019B2 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2004-06-15 | Scram Technologies, Inc. | Ultrathin mesh optical panel and a method of making an ultrathin mesh optical panel |
US6814443B2 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2004-11-09 | Digital Advertising Network Inc | Image projection system and its method of use |
US7329013B2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2008-02-12 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system with compass |
US6975798B2 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2005-12-13 | Xponent Photonics Inc | Waveguides assembled for transverse-transfer of optical power |
US7164838B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2007-01-16 | Xponent Photonics Inc | Multiple-core planar optical waveguides and methods of fabrication and use thereof |
KR100978259B1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2010-08-26 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | System for cutting liquid crystal display panel and method of fabricating liquid crystal display device using thereof |
US20080305255A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Fujifilm Manufacturing U.S.A. Inc. | Optical waveguide coating |
AT507530B1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2013-05-15 | Al Systems Gmbh | LIGHTING ELEMENT FOR A LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING DEVICE |
CN101881936B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏慧光电子科技有限公司 | Holographical wave guide display and generation method of holographical image thereof |
TWI483151B (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2015-05-01 | Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd | Touch display module and assembly method thereof |
CN105026963B (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2018-01-23 | 东丽株式会社 | Black matrix substrate |
JP6712718B2 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2020-06-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | Optical waveguide |
KR102651806B1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2024-03-28 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Display panel and multi-layer display device including the same |
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- 1999-07-14 JP JP2000560472A patent/JP2002520668A/en active Pending
- 1999-07-14 KR KR1020017000625A patent/KR20010070964A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-14 IL IL14063899A patent/IL140638A0/en unknown
- 1999-07-14 AU AU49953/99A patent/AU4995399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-14 WO PCT/US1999/015952 patent/WO2000004406A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-14 CN CN99816539A patent/CN1346446A/en active Pending
- 1999-07-14 EP EP99934033A patent/EP1090318A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-14 BR BR9912130-1A patent/BR9912130A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1999-07-16 TW TW088112186A patent/TW411398B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1279052A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2003-01-29 | Brookhaven Science Associates | Planar optical waveguides for optical panel having gradient refractive index core |
EP1279052A4 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2005-03-23 | Brookhaven Science Ass Llc | Planar optical waveguides for optical panel having gradient refractive index core |
EP1342111A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-09-10 | Scram Technologies, Inc. | A high contrast front projection display panel and a method of making a high contrast front projection display panel |
EP1342111A4 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2006-07-19 | Scram Technologies Inc | A high contrast front projection display panel and a method of making a high contrast front projection display panel |
EP1745314A2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-01-24 | Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC | Optical panel system including stackable waveguides |
EP1745314A4 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-05-02 | Brookhaven Science Ass Llc | Optical panel system including stackable waveguides |
US7496263B2 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2009-02-24 | Fujifilm Manfacturing U.S.A. Inc. | Thermosetting optical waveguide coating |
WO2014043043A1 (en) * | 2012-09-16 | 2014-03-20 | Solarsort Technologies, Inc | Waveguide-based energy transducers, and energy conversion cells using same |
US9112087B2 (en) | 2012-09-16 | 2015-08-18 | Shalom Wretsberger | Waveguide-based energy converters, and energy conversion cells using same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL140638A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
EP1090318A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
US6487350B1 (en) | 2002-11-26 |
CN1346446A (en) | 2002-04-24 |
AU4995399A (en) | 2000-02-07 |
CA2343747A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
TW411398B (en) | 2000-11-11 |
BR9912130A (en) | 2001-09-25 |
KR20010070964A (en) | 2001-07-28 |
JP2002520668A (en) | 2002-07-09 |
EP1090318A4 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
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