WO2000001988A1 - Briquet destine a generer une flamme de couleur controlee - Google Patents
Briquet destine a generer une flamme de couleur controlee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000001988A1 WO2000001988A1 PCT/FR1999/001593 FR9901593W WO0001988A1 WO 2000001988 A1 WO2000001988 A1 WO 2000001988A1 FR 9901593 W FR9901593 W FR 9901593W WO 0001988 A1 WO0001988 A1 WO 0001988A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lighter according
- expansion means
- fuel
- flame
- lighter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q2/00—Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes
- F23Q2/34—Component parts or accessories
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of lighters and more precisely lighters designed to generate a flame of controlled color.
- the present invention now aims to provide new means for improving the performance of colored flame lighters.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to propose a lighter generating a flame of lasting stability.
- a lighter of the type comprising a reservoir adapted to receive a combustible material associated with flame coloring agents, means capable of ensuring the expansion of the combustible material, means capable conveying the combustible material to the expansion means and means capable of ensuring the ignition of the combustible material downstream of the expansion means, characterized in that the expansion means are formed from a hydrophobic, organophobic and inorganophobic element.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the appearance of a laminar diffusion flame
- FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the height of a flame as a function of the flow rate and the speed of the fuel
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the appearance of a premix flame
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of a colored flame lighter in accordance with the present invention
- - Figures 5 to 13 show views in longitudinal section of a venturi effect pump capable of being used in the context of the present invention, Figures 10 to 13 showing more particularly enlarged views of the convergent zone of such a pump.
- Diffusion flames are characterized by the fact that fuel and oxidizer are not mixed before arriving in the area where they will burn.
- Typical lighter and candle flames are typical examples of diffusion flames.
- the important phenomena with these flames are phenomena of diffusion of the oxygen molecules from the air towards the center of the flame and diffusion of the fuel molecules from the center of the flame towards its periphery; they are the ones who govern the shape and behavior of these flames.
- Diffusion flames are often stabilized at the outlet of a cylindrical tube. If the gas flow of fuel is slow enough at the outlet not to create turbulence, we speak of a laminar flame. The usual form of such a flame is that shown in Figure 1.
- FIG. 1 we have diagrammed in: a) the flow of gaseous fuel at the outlet of a tube, b) the luminous yellow soot, c) the diffusion of the fuel, d) a bluish reaction zone, e) a diffusion oxygen, f) burnt gases accelerated by natural convection (not naturally visible).
- the most commonly visible part is a yellow area b which is bounded by a bluish border d. This bluish thickness d is not very bright compared to the area b colored in yellow.
- This set is surrounded by a layer consisting of hot burnt gases f which rise mainly under the action of natural convection. These hot gases are usually not visible.
- the yellow part b is characteristic of the presence of carbon, called soot in the language of the "combustionist".
- This soot is formed by the decomposition of carbonaceous molecules of combustible fuel under the action of heat.
- the oxygen is in quantity lower than the stoichiometry. Combustion is poor. Brought to high temperature when they approach the reaction zone, these soots emit an orange-yellow light, which makes the flame shine. They then burn when passing through the reaction zone d and generally disappear. The hottest place is the blue reaction zone d. It is in this zone that the important chemical reactions and the evolution of heat take place. It corresponds roughly to the place where the fuel or combustible is mixed in stoichiometric proportion with oxygen.
- the mixtures could only be made at this location by diffusion of the molecules: the fuel, which is located on the axis of the burner, diffuses towards the bluish lateral zone d, and the oxygen, present in the outside air, also diffuses laterally to supply areas where it is not initially present.
- burnt gases mainly C02 and water vapor
- burnt gases mainly C02 and water vapor
- These burnt gases f are quickly evacuated upwards under the action of natural convection. They are not visible naturally and special visualization techniques must be used to highlight them: ombroscopy, strioscopy, tomography, etc.
- an additive capable of becoming luminous or of ionizing at high temperature is added to the fuel, it is at the level of the bluish zone that it will appear. Its ionization or chemilumniescence can last a sufficient time to have still a coloration while crossing the burnt gases f.
- the massive quantity Q F of fuel must meet an quantity of oxygen Q ox such that the stoichiometric equation is respected, that is to say: where s is the stoichiometric coefficient. s is 4 for methane and 3.59 for butane.
- the oxygen must diffuse laterally from the outside air towards the bluish zone through a layer of burnt gases of thickness ⁇ , which depends on the height.
- the oxygen diffusion flow can be written as a first approximation:
- D 0 ⁇ is the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the layer of burnt gases and p 0 the density of the outside air.
- g represents the acceleration of gravity
- p the density of the burnt gases
- z the height from the burner. It should be noted that the acceleration in the burnt gas can reach 5 or 6 times the acceleration of gravity. Assuming that the flame is large, that the reaction zone has the shape of a very elongated cylinder and using the three equations (1-3), it is possible to determine the length of flame necessary to burn everything the fuel injected. We end up with:
- the flames no longer remain stable. They start to oscillate vertically with a frequency of about fifteen Hertz. The flames lengthen and retract periodically with an amplitude of oscillation of 1 or 2cm. Flames are said to enter the "flickering" regime. The oxygen supply is improved and the average length of the flames is no longer linear with the flow. With even higher flow rates the flames become turbulent, that is to say that the jet at the outlet of the tube is too fast to remain laminar. It goes into turbulent regime and the gas trajectories are then very disordered, although the mean direction remains parallel to the axis of the tube. These turbulent agitation movements promote mixing between fuel and oxygen; in other words, the molecules will meet more quickly. This results in a flow given by a constant flame height. On the other hand, in this turbulent regime, the flame height now depends on the exit speed.
- the flows and speeds are such that the flames are forced to remain on the axis and they are very insensitive to the effects of the natural convention. It should be noted that the "lifted" flames allow the fuel to mix in part with the air before burning and to have a premixed flame base. This results in better combustion and in particular a lower production of soot. Thus the yellow part is less luminous at the base of the flame and the blue dominates.
- premix flames are characterized by the fact that the fuel and the oxidizer are mixed before reaching the burner outlet.
- the premix is produced in a certain ratio which is defined by richness. Richness 1 corresponds to a stoichiometric mixture, that is to say that the fuel and the oxidizer are in ideal proportions to completely react. If the mixture contains too much oxygen, we will speak of a "fuel-poor” flame and its richness will be less than 1. Conversely, we will speak of a "rich” flame when there is too much fuel; wealth will then be greater than 1.
- the flame propagates with a constant speed.
- the deflagration speed of a methane-air flame, at richness 1 is 0.40m / s.
- the behavior of premix flames is completely different from that of diffusion flames.
- the height of the flames depends on both the rate of flow and the speed of propagation of the flame.
- the oil premix flames are generally light blue. They only start to emit yellow soot if the mixture is rich in fuel (too poor in oxygen).
- the general structure of a lighter according to the present invention is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 4 appended.
- a lighter 10 which comprises a tank 20 adapted to receive a combustible material 30 associated with flame coloring agents, means 40 capable of ensuring the expansion of the combustible material 30, means 50 capable of conveying the combustible material 30 towards the expansion means 40 and means 60 capable of ensuring the ignition of the combustible material 30 at the outlet of the expansion means 40.
- the lighter 10 also comprises means 70 forming a valve capable of controlling the time of fuel release 30.
- the means 40 fulfill a double function: they form a static mixer and serve as a pressure reducer for the fuel and the coloring agent associated with it.
- the expansion means 40 are formed of an element which has no adsorption capacity, and therefore more precisely hydrophobic (no water absorption capacity), organophobic (no absorption capacity for organic molecules) and inorganophobic (no absorption capacity for minerals).
- the expansion means 40 are formed of a porous material.
- hydrophobic, organophobic and inorganophobic element recommended in the context of the present invention makes it possible to avoid any condensation on this element during the opening of the valve 70 and of the expansion.
- fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (or PTFE) or polyolefins, such as polyethylene in particular high density (or PE).
- the element 40 controlling the expansion, formed of these polymer materials can in particular be produced by sintering or by dissolution.
- the production of a polymer structure by sintering is well known to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be described below.
- the implementation by dissolution essentially consists in producing a mixture based on polymer and a solid filler, extruding and forming a film using this mixture and dissolve the filler with a non-solvent for the polymer matrix.
- Finely divided coloidal silica, salt granules or equivalent means can be used as "fillers”.
- Surfactants such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate can also be added.
- a variant of the dissolution process can use a polymer of a different nature from the matrix in place of the solid filler. This polymer is then extracted with a solvent.
- the present invention is not limited to these sintering or dissolution techniques.
- wet process according to which for example either 1) the solution containing the polymer is partially evaporated and then immersed in a non-solvent in a gelling bath, the porous membrane is formed by exchange between the solvent and the non-solvent (the non solvent penetrates into the polymer), ie 2) the solution containing the polymer is directly immersed in the non-solvent, there is then an exchange between the solvent and the non-solvent and formation of the membrane;
- a latent solvent that is to say a product which acts as a solvent at high temperature and as a non-solvent at lower temperature
- this technique makes it possible to obtain membranes whose pores have a very small diameter, of the order of 0.2 micron; in this context, it is possible, for example, to mix polytetrafluoroethylene with a fibrous and very crystalline structure with a lubricant such as naphtha, and to extrude this mixture. The lubricant is then removed by heating. The leaves obtained are calendered so to obtain suitable thicknesses, stretched, then sintered if necessary; or again - production of the expansion element 40 by polymerization.
- the porous material forming the expansion element 40 typically has a pore size of the order of 1 micron maximum.
- Such a pore size is well suited for generating fine droplets at the level of the inflammation zone, that is to say ensuring nebulization of the fuel / coloring agent mixture.
- the expansion means 40 are adapted to control a flow of fuel and associated coloring agent, upstream of the ignition point, between 2 m / s and 8 m / s.
- the lighter 10 is equipped, downstream of the fuel outlet, with a cover shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 under the reference 80, comprising an orifice 82 of calibrated dimension, placed in look at the aforementioned fuel outlet, to reduce the fuel outlet speed and thus avoid blowing the flame and therefore stabilize it.
- the means 50 adapted to convey the fuel 30, comprise, upstream of the ignition point, a venturi effect pump
- the convergent 122 of the jet pump is supplied with fuel from the tank 20. This prevents poor combustion of the fuel 30 from generating a disturbing color and the coloring agent is allowed to fully produce its effect.
- a venturi effect pump provides an air supply at the base of the burner, which makes it possible to carry out a start of premixing, which in turn allows very rapid oxidation of the soot.
- venturi-effect pumps Examples of embodiments of such venturi-effect pumps will be described below. It has been found that the means according to the present invention described above make it possible both to generate a stable flame, bonded to the outlet of the fuel delivery means and having no intrinsic parasitic color. This therefore allows the coloring agents to express themselves fully. Thus, thanks to the present invention, it is possible to limit the quantity of coloring agents and of associated solvent introduced into the reservoir 20, necessary to obtain a given coloring.
- the fuel 30 is advantageously formed of butane. This is stored in the liquid state in the tank 20.
- the coloring agent is advantageously mixed in solution with a solvent, preferably formed from an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, in the fuel.
- a solvent preferably formed from an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol
- the coloring agent can in itself be the subject of different embodiments. It may for example be a metal or alkali metal salt, a derivative of boric acid or an alkali metal oxide.
- Document WO 95/15464 provides examples of the composition of coloring agents which can be used in the context of the present invention.
- the reservoir 20 designed to receive the combustible material 30 and the flame coloring agent can be the subject of numerous embodiments. Its structure will therefore not be described in detail below.
- the means 50 capable of conveying the combustible material 30 towards the expansion means 40 can also be the subject of different embodiments.
- these means 50 are advantageously formed of a capillary. This typically has a diameter between 0.2 and 0.9 mm.
- an outlet nozzle 45 downstream from the valve 70 and means for trigger 40.
- the outlet diameter of this nozzle 45 is typically of the order of 0.33 mm.
- the valve 70 can be provided upstream or downstream of the expansion means 40.
- the means 60 ensuring the ignition of the combustible material 30 at the outlet of the expansion means 40 can be the subject of any suitable known means, such as for example initiation means based on a piezoelectric element, or based on a friction system of the wheel type 62 / lighter stone 64 (as illustrated in FIG. 4). These means 60 are preferably controlled by the actuation of a lever 66 pivotally articulated on the lighter 10. In a manner known per se, this lever 66 can also serve as a means of controlling the valve 70.
- the lever 66 is linked, for example by means of a fork or an equivalent means, to a sheath 72 which carries the outlet nozzle 45.
- This sheath 72 is biased by a spring 74 against a valve seat 76.
- the valve 70 is open and allows a flow of fuel and coloring agent towards the outlet nozzle 45 and the ignition means 60.
- the flame height depending on the fluid flow rate must correspond to a density of transport flow of this fluid, c 'is to say the Q / S ratio expressed in g / s. m 2 , well controlled (Q representing the flow rate of the fluid expressed in g / s and S representing the cross section of the fluid passage in m 2 ).
- the flux density must be more or less 25% of a target value of the order of 1.17 g / s. m 2 , i.e. a flux density between 0.6 and 1.5 g / sm 2 .
- this pressure-reducing system 100 is intended to guarantee the complete combustion of the fuel / coloring agent mixture and for this to sufficiently oxygenate the fuel leaving the lighter nozzle so that the combustion is complete and that there is no liquid projection.
- the sheath 72 of the venturi effect pump 100 is preferably formed by assembling two tubes 110 and 150.
- the upstream tube 110 has a central through channel 112 centered on an axis O-O. At its end adjacent to the seat 76, this channel 112 can be widened in the form of a chamber 114 adapted to receive a seal intended to come to rest at rest against said seat.
- this seal can be integral with the seat 76 and not with the tube 110.
- the tube 110 also has a lateral orifice 116 which opens into the central channel 112.
- this orifice 116 is to allow the fuel coming from the capillary 50 to enter this channel 112 despite the presence of the seal provided at the end of the tube 110.
- the tube 110 Downstream of this orifice 116, the tube 110 has a shoulder 118 projecting from its outer surface. This shoulder 118 is designed to serve as a support for the spring 74 which urges the tube 110 to tend to close the valve 70, at rest.
- the tube 110 is provided with a groove 120 on its outer surface.
- This groove 120 is intended to receive a fork linked to the lever 66 to lift the tube 110 and open the valve 70 when the lever 66 is pressed.
- the tube 110 ends at its downstream end, by a convergent 122.
- the latter preferably has a half-angle of conicity or half-angle at the center of the order of 21 °.
- the downstream tube 150 also has a through channel 152.
- the downstream tube 150 is adapted to be engaged with sealing on the downstream end of the upstream tube 110, so that the two channels 112, 152 are coaxial.
- the downstream tube 150 has at least one radial through orifice 154 which opens into the central channel 152 downstream of the convergent 122.
- This orifice 154 is intended to ensure the suction of air thanks to the vacuum created in the body of the pump 100 at the exit of the convergent 122.
- such a venturi effect pump 100 can include 4 inlet ports 154 distributed equally around the axis 0-0 to ensure the suction of air.
- the outlet channel According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the outlet channel
- tube 150 is rectilinear and of constant cross section.
- the outlet channel 152 defined by the tube 150 is of divergent conical type towards the outlet.
- the half taper angle of the divergent 152 is typically of the order of 7 °.
- the porous expansion element 40 is placed in the capillary 50, that is to say upstream of the tube 72.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 the geometries of which correspond respectively to those described previously with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 (according to FIG. 7, the outlet channel 152 is rectilinear, on the other hand it is divergent according FIG. 8), the expansion element 40 is formed into a cylinder housed in the channel 112 between the shoulder 118 and the convergent 122.
- FIG. 9 represents an alternative embodiment comprising an expansion element 40 of limited length, placed in the channel 112, opposite the lateral inlet orifice 116.
- FIG. 9 comprises a divergent outlet channel.
- such a variant comprising an element of trigger 40 opposite the inlet orifice 116 can also be applied to a pump 100 comprising an outlet channel 152 of cylindrical type.
- FIGS. 10 to 13 illustrate four other alternative embodiments according to which the expansion element 40 is formed of an element of limited length housed in the tube 110 immediately upstream of the convergent 122.
- the nozzle geometries can be used and convergent illustrated in Figures 10 to 13, without expansion element 40, the latter being placed upstream of the means illustrated in these Figures 10 to 13.
- Figure 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment with single convergent 122 and straight outlet channel 152 .
- FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the outlet channel 152 is essentially divergent, but nevertheless has an ultimate end section at the outlet of the convergent type.
- FIG. 12 illustrates another alternative embodiment in which the outlet channel 152 is essentially divergent, but nevertheless has an ultimate end section at the outlet of the cylindrical type.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment according to which the outlet channel is cylindrical and of constant section, but the convergent 122 is extended by an end section 124 of cylindrical type of revolution.
- the height H which separates the outlet orifice of the sheath 72 or downstream tube 150 and the base of the air inlet orifices 154 is between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, advantageously of the order of 1.5 mm ,
- the diameter d of these orifices 154 is between 0.2 mm and 0.9 mm
- the diameter of the inlet 116 and the channel 112 is of the order of 0.9 mm
- the outlet diameter of the convergent 122 is of the order of 0.33 mm and
- the diameter of the outlet channel 152 is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69903431T DE69903431T2 (de) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Feuerzeug zur herstellung einer gefärbten flamme |
US09/720,815 US6705856B1 (en) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Lighter for generating a flame of controlled color |
AU43776/99A AU4377699A (en) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Lighter designed to generate a controlled coloured flame |
AT99926588T ATE225922T1 (de) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Feuerzeug zur herstellung einer gefärbten flamme |
EP99926588A EP1095227B1 (fr) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Briquet destine a generer une flamme de couleur controlee |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9808530A FR2780769B1 (fr) | 1998-07-03 | 1998-07-03 | Briquet destine a generer une flamme de couleur controlee |
FR98/08530 | 1998-07-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000001988A1 true WO2000001988A1 (fr) | 2000-01-13 |
Family
ID=9528224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/001593 WO2000001988A1 (fr) | 1998-07-03 | 1999-07-02 | Briquet destine a generer une flamme de couleur controlee |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6705856B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1095227B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE225922T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4377699A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69903431T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2185355T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2780769B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000001988A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070012309A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Chung-Chin Huang | Gas control knob that is operated manually or automatically |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58104426A (ja) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-06-21 | Fukuo Iwabori | ガスライタ |
WO1995015464A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-08 | Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. | Briquet perfectionne a flamme coloree, composition colorante a cet usage et element de recharge |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3125153A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Backfire torch | ||
NL244214A (fr) * | 1958-10-14 | |||
US3414363A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1968-12-03 | Rosfelder Andre Marcel | Liquified gas cigarette lighters |
US3468615A (en) * | 1967-11-03 | 1969-09-23 | Worcester Gurdon S | Colored flame combustion device |
US3709462A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-01-09 | Butana Match Ag | Slit regulator for gas lighter |
US4416613A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1983-11-22 | Barisoff Leonard M | Blowpipe type of burner |
JPS6358021A (ja) * | 1986-08-27 | 1988-03-12 | Seibu Gas Kk | ガスライタ−及びガスライタ−用燃料 |
US4895511A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1990-01-23 | Schmid Ronald W | Color or scent modified flame pocket lighters |
FR2650876A1 (fr) * | 1989-08-14 | 1991-02-15 | Witzig Patrick | Bougie a gaz liquefie dont la cartouche de gaz contient un reservoir souple d'alcool + sels colorant la flamme, pour colorer celle-ci par pulverisation |
EP0754917A3 (fr) * | 1995-07-19 | 1999-04-14 | Tokai Corporation | Dispositif de combustion pour briquet |
JPH1019255A (ja) * | 1996-07-02 | 1998-01-23 | Tokyo Pipe Kk | ガスライタ |
JP3592510B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-10 | 2004-11-24 | 株式会社東海 | 内燃式着火器 |
-
1998
- 1998-07-03 FR FR9808530A patent/FR2780769B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-02 DE DE69903431T patent/DE69903431T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-02 ES ES99926588T patent/ES2185355T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-02 EP EP99926588A patent/EP1095227B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-02 US US09/720,815 patent/US6705856B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-02 AT AT99926588T patent/ATE225922T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-02 AU AU43776/99A patent/AU4377699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-02 WO PCT/FR1999/001593 patent/WO2000001988A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58104426A (ja) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-06-21 | Fukuo Iwabori | ガスライタ |
WO1995015464A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-06-08 | Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. | Briquet perfectionne a flamme coloree, composition colorante a cet usage et element de recharge |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 207 (M - 242) 13 September 1983 (1983-09-13) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2780769B1 (fr) | 2000-09-29 |
ES2185355T3 (es) | 2003-04-16 |
EP1095227A1 (fr) | 2001-05-02 |
ATE225922T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
FR2780769A1 (fr) | 2000-01-07 |
DE69903431T2 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
US6705856B1 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
DE69903431D1 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
EP1095227B1 (fr) | 2002-10-09 |
AU4377699A (en) | 2000-01-24 |
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