WO1999062134A1 - Papier de fibres de carbone pour piles a combustible a polymeres solides - Google Patents
Papier de fibres de carbone pour piles a combustible a polymeres solides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999062134A1 WO1999062134A1 PCT/JP1998/002331 JP9802331W WO9962134A1 WO 1999062134 A1 WO1999062134 A1 WO 1999062134A1 JP 9802331 W JP9802331 W JP 9802331W WO 9962134 A1 WO9962134 A1 WO 9962134A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- short
- fiber paper
- carbon
- paper
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
- D21H13/50—Carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber paper used for a current collector of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the current collector of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is required to have not only a current collecting function but also the diffusion and permeability of substances involved in an electrode reaction.
- the material constituting the current collector is required to have conductivity, gas diffusion and permeability, strength to withstand handling, strength to withstand compression when manufacturing electrodes and assembling into batteries, and the like.
- the current collector of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a high polymer electrolyte membrane and thus has a high current collector.
- the strength only has to withstand its own handling. Also, since the corrosion resistance may be low, the range of choice of the polymer substance is wide. However, on the other hand, since the strength and resistance of the polymer electrolyte membrane are high and its thickness is becoming thinner, it is required that there is no convex portion that causes a short circuit through the polymer electrolyte membrane. In addition, since the polymer electrolyte, the catalyst layer, and the current collector are often integrated by pressure, not only when the battery is assembled, but also when integrated. It is required not to be broken and not to cause a short circuit through the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- Materials used for the current collector of such a polymer electrolyte fuel cell include, for example, JP-A-6-2710, JP-A-7-32636-2, and JP-A-7-2.
- a porous carbon plate formed by binding short carbon fibers with carbon as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007735.
- such a porous carbon plate is manufactured by first forming an aggregate of short fibers composed of carbon fibers or its precursor fibers, impregnating or mixing a resin with the aggregates, and then firing. High cost. Also, the density When the carbon content is low, there is also a problem that the binder carbon is easily broken by the pressure applied during the manufacture of the electrode or the battery.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-15957 proposes using a paper-like carbon short fiber aggregate as a current collector. Since such a current collector is not bound by carbon, it is used as a battery not only when the polymer electrolyte, the catalyst layer, and the current collector are integrated, but also to reduce the electrical resistance in the thickness direction It is necessary to pressurize in the thickness direction also when performing. However, in these inventions, no consideration is given to reducing the resistance of the current collector during pressurization and preventing the current collector from being broken.
- the short carbon fibers are oriented in a random direction, the short carbon fibers that are oriented in the thickness direction during electrode production or when assembled into a battery and pressurized penetrate the polymer electrolyte membrane and form a counter electrode. Short-circuiting and breakage of short carbon fibers are likely to occur.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-78977 discloses that the electrolyte membrane serving as an electrode, the catalytic reaction layer, and the diffusion layer side surface of the assembly of the diffusion layer are entangled with carbon particles contained in the diffusion layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the conventional technology, and has as its object to reduce the possibility of short-circuiting with the counter electrode, and to possibly cause breakage by pressurization.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber paper used as a current collector for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has a low resistance and a relatively low resistance value and is inexpensive.
- DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION is a carbon fiber paper used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in a state where short carbon fibers are bound with a polymer substance, and has a thickness of X mm and a pressure of 2.9 MPa. Excluding those with a thickness of Y mm and a length (Y + 0.1) mm or less, It is characterized by satisfying the relationship of W ⁇ 5X.
- the above carbon fiber paper satisfies the relationship of Z ⁇ 5 X, where the length of short carbon fiber is Wmm, and the average length of short carbon fiber Z mm excluding the length (Y + 0.1) mm or less Preferably.
- the short carbon fibers are oriented in a random direction in a substantially two-dimensional plane.
- the relationship among the diameter D (m) of the short carbon fiber, the tensile strength ⁇ (MPa), and the tensile modulus E (MPa) satisfies the following expression.
- the average length of the short carbon fiber is at least 4.5 mm, which is at least 7 times the thickness of the carbon fiber paper, and that the following expression is satisfied.
- the short carbon fiber is preferably a short fiber of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, the diameter of the short carbon fiber is 20 m or less, and the volume resistivity in the length direction of the short carbon fiber is 200. ⁇ ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied in the thickness direction for 2 minutes, and a weight reduction rate after releasing the surface pressure is 3% or less. .
- the resistance when a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied is preferably 50 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- a thickness of 0. 0 2 ⁇ 0. 2 mm when adding a uniform surface pressure of 2. 9 MP a in the thickness direction within the range density of 0. 3 ⁇ 0. 8 g / cm 3 preferably there, it is preferred that the basis weight is within the range of 1 0 ⁇ 1 0 0 g 2 .
- the content of the polymer substance is preferably in the range of 2 to 30% by weight, and it is preferable that the polymer substance further contains carbonaceous fine particles.
- the current collector using the carbon fiber paper of the present invention constitutes a unit by arranging it and the catalyst layer in layers, and a solid polymer fuel cell is constituted by a laminate including a plurality of the unit. Then, a moving body such as a vehicle is driven by the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the current collector using the carbon fiber paper of the present invention has, for example, a structure in which a catalyst layer is formed on a current collector.
- the method Prior to forming a catalyst layer on the current collector, the method comprising a step of heating the carbon fiber paper and simultaneously pressing the carbon fiber paper in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the carbon fiber paper. It is produced by pressurizing carbon fiber paper in a wet state with a liquid.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of symbols 1: current collector 2: catalyst layer
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention is a fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte membrane as an electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 shows a unit cell composed of a sheet-like current collector 1, a catalyst layer 2, and a polymer electrolyte membrane 3, each having a plurality of such units via a grooved separator 4.
- the individual fuel cells are stacked.
- the catalyst layer is, for example, such that carbon powder carrying platinum-based catalyst fine particles is bound with a resin, and has a thickness of about 0-0.2-0.2 mm. This catalyst layer may be impregnated and mixed with a polymer electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is, for example, a fluororesin-based cation exchange membrane, and has a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
- Separete is made of a conductive and gas-impermeable material such as a carbon plate or conductive plastic, and has grooves 5 on both sides that serve as flow paths for fuel, air, and water, which is an electrode reaction product. Has been established. In Fig. 1, a groove is formed in the vertical direction on the left side of the separator.
- the stacked cells are pressurized in the stacking direction during fuel cell cultivation. You.
- the pressure is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPa.
- the strength and the handlability of the carbon fiber paper can be enhanced, and the short carbon fibers can be prevented from falling off and oriented in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber paper. In addition, it is resistant to compression and tension by binding with a polymer substance.
- a liquid includes a substance in which fine particles of a polymer substance are dispersed in a liquid and can be handled substantially as a liquid, such as an emulsion, a disposable ion, and a latex.
- a liquid such as an emulsion, a disposable ion, and a latex.
- fibrous, emulsion, disperse, or latex In the case of a fibrous polymer substance, it is preferable to use a filament yarn in order to reduce the amount used.
- the polymer substance that binds the short carbon fibers is preferably a polymer substance having carbon or silicon in its main chain, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (vinyl acetate), and polyethylene terephthalate ( PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, acryl resin, polyurethane, and other thermoplastic resins, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, In addition to thermosetting resins such as saturated polyesters, acrylic resins, and polyurethanes, thermoplastic elastomers, butadiene 'styrene copolymer (SBR), and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (NBR) and other elastomers
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PV acetate vinyl acetate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PP polypropylene
- Water-repellent treatment of carbon fiber paper may be performed simultaneously with binding of short carbon fibers using a water-repellent resin such as fluororesin.
- the polymer material that binds the short carbon fibers should be soft in order to prevent the current collector from breaking when pressurized.
- a thermoplastic resin or elastomer is used. , Rubber, cellulose, and pulp are preferred.
- a thermoplastic resin, an elastomer, a rubber, or a thermosetting resin modified with a soft material thereof is preferable, and a thermoplastic resin, an elastomer, or rubber is more preferable.
- Polymer K has a compression modulus at 23 ° C of preferably not more than 4,000 MPa. More preferably, it is not more than 2,000 MPa, more preferably not more than 1,000 MPa.
- a polymer substance having a low compression modulus relieves the stress applied to the binding portion and makes it difficult to remove the binding, and also relaxes the stress applied to the short carbon fiber to make the short carbon fiber hard to break.
- the polymer substance is a crystalline polymer substance
- its glass transition point (T g) is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 50 ° C. or lower, and 0 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is C or less.
- the polymer substance is relatively soft because it is not crystallized, and the softness increases as the temperature difference from the glass transition point increases.
- the glass transition point T g of the copolymer is determined by the following equation.
- T g Reason Glass transition point of polymer material polymerized from monomer n (K)
- a water-insoluble polymer to prevent the molecular substance from dissolving in water and dislodging the binding, such as vinyl acetate, PET, PP, polyethylene, and the like.
- PVA can be used as a water-soluble polymer, but in that case, it is necessary to mix it with other polymer and use a copolymer.
- the degree of saponification is preferably 85 mo 1% or more, more preferably 95 m 0 I% or more.
- the amount of impurities contained in the polymer substance is small.
- Alkali metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
- alkaline earth metals Be, g, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- the weight ratio of the metal elements other than boron (B) and silicon (S i) is preferably at most 300 ppm, more preferably at most 100 ppm, further preferably at most 50 ppm.
- the weight ratio of metal elements other than boron (B) and silicon (S i) is preferably 1,000 ppm or less, more preferably 700 ppm or less, and even more preferably 500 ppm or less.
- Specific examples of the high-impurity polymer include PET, PP, polyethylene, and polystyrene.
- a substance containing no sulfur is used as a vulcanizing agent.
- Carbon fiber paper may be used as it is as a current collector, or may be used after post-processing. Examples of post-treatment include water-repellent treatment to prevent gas diffusion and permeability decrease due to water retention, partial water-repellent treatment to form a water discharge path, hydrophilic treatment, and resistance reduction. And the addition of carbonaceous powder.
- the short carbon fibers excluding those having a length (Y + 0.1) mm or less as the length Wmm of the short carbon fibers satisfy the relationship of W ⁇ 5X. It is more preferably at least 98%, further preferably at least 99%. Further, W ⁇ 7X is more preferred, and W ⁇ 12X is even more preferred. If it is less than 95%, a large number of short carbon fibers are oriented in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber paper, and breakage of the short carbon fibers and short-circuiting due to the short carbon fibers penetrating the solid electrolyte membrane are likely to occur. Become. Here, the ratio of the short carbon fibers is based on the number of short carbon fibers.
- the thickness X mm of the carbon fiber paper is measured according to ⁇ ISP 8118.
- the surface pressure during measurement shall be 13 kPa.
- the thickness Y mm when pressurizing at 9 MPa is applied with a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa, and is calculated from the difference between the upper and lower indenters with and without the current collector. .
- the distance between the indenters is measured by a small displacement detector at both ends of the center point of the indenter, and the distance between the indenters is calculated as an average value of the distance between both ends.
- one of the indenters is received by a ball seat, and the angle between the pressing surfaces of the upper and lower indenters is made variable.
- Short carbon fibers of length (Y + 0.1) mm or less are oriented in all three-dimensional directions in the carbon fiber paper, but penetrate or break the solid electrolyte membrane. Does not happen. Among them, those oriented in the thickness direction of carbon fiber paper have the effect of increasing the electrode reaction area by imparting irregularities to the catalyst layer and solid electrolyte membrane when used as a current collector for solid polymer fuel cells. In addition, it is more preferable to include short carbon fibers having a length of (Y + 0.1) mm or less in order to have an effect of reducing the resistance of the current collector in the thickness direction.
- the average length Z mm preferably satisfies the relationship of Z ⁇ 5X, more preferably Z ⁇ 7X, and further preferably satisfies Z ⁇ 12X.
- Z ⁇ 5X a large number of short carbon fibers are oriented in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber paper, and breakage of the short carbon fibers and short-circuiting due to the short carbon fibers penetrating the solid electrolyte membrane are likely to occur.
- the average length is the length based on the number average.
- the short carbon fibers are substantially oriented in a two-dimensional plane means that the short carbon fibers are roughly lying. This makes it possible to prevent short-circuit with the counter electrode due to the short carbon fiber and breakage of the short carbon fiber.
- a method of orienting the short carbon fibers in a substantially two-dimensional plane there are a wet method in which the short carbon fibers are dispersed in a liquid medium for papermaking, and a dry method in which the short carbon fibers are dispersed in the air and deposited.
- a wet method is preferred.
- carbon short fibers having a length of 4 mm or more, preferably 6 mm or more. It is more preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 70%.
- the upper limit of the length is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 15 mm or less, and still more preferably 8 mm or less in order to disperse the short carbon fibers in a two-dimensional plane. If the carbon short fibers are too long, poor dispersion is likely to occur. In the case of poor dispersion, for example, a large number of short carbon fibers may remain in a bundle, and the bundle portion has a low porosity and a high thickness when pressed, so that a high pressure is applied during the pressurization. ⁇ Problems such as breakage of the paper and local thinning of the polymer electrolyte S membrane and catalyst layer are likely to occur.
- the short carbon fibers are preferably linear.
- Straight carbon short fibers are short carbon When the length (L) in the length direction of the short carbon fiber is taken with the external force for bending the fiber removed, the maximum deviation ( ⁇ ) from the linearity between the lengths (L) is measured. If ⁇ / is approximately 0.1 or less, it can be said that the carbon fiber is a linear short carbon fiber. If the carbon short fibers are straight, short-circuiting with the counter electrode due to the carbon short fibers can be more completely prevented. Non-linear short carbon fibers tend to be oriented in a three-dimensional direction when oriented in a random direction in a substantially two-dimensional plane.
- the short carbon fiber contained in the carbon fiber paper must satisfy the following equation in terms of the relationship between the diameter D (m), the tensile strength ⁇ (MPa :), and the tensile modulus E (MPa).
- the carbon fiber paper made of such short carbon fibers is hard to break, that is, the short carbon fibers have a small diameter, a high tensile strength, and a low tensile modulus. When pressed, carbon fiber paper or current collectors using carbon fiber paper are difficult to break.
- the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the carbon fiber are measured according to ISR 7601.
- the average value of the major axis and minor axis is defined as the diameter.
- ⁇ / ( ⁇ XD) is ⁇ 1. 1 XI 0- 3, more preferable properly is ⁇ ( ⁇ XD) ⁇ 2. 4 X 1 0- 3.
- the tensile elongation at break of the short carbon fiber is preferably 0.7% or more, more preferably 1.2% or more, and further preferably 1.8% or more. Short carbon fibers having a tensile elongation at break of less than 0.7% are easily broken.
- the tensile elongation at break is a value obtained by dividing the tensile strength ( ⁇ ) by the tensile modulus ( ⁇ ).
- the tensile strength of the short carbon fiber is preferably 500 MPa or more, more preferably 1,0000 MPa or more. , 2,000 MPa or more.
- the average length of the short carbon fibers is at least 4.5 mm, at least 7 times the thickness of the carbon woven paper, the diameter D (im) of the short carbon fibers, and the tensile strength ⁇ (MP a ) And the tensile modulus E (MPa) preferably satisfy the following equation.
- Such carbon fiber paper is short-circuited in the polymer electrolyte layer, broken carbon short fiber, carbon fiber It is hard to break paper and has good handling properties, and is suitable for a current collector of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the carbon fiber paper preferably applies a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa in the thickness direction for 2 minutes, and preferably has a weight reduction rate of 3% or less after releasing the surface pressure. As a result, it is difficult to break when pressurized, and it is possible to prevent the current collector using carbon fiber paper from being broken and the fuel cell from being unusable.
- a current collector using carbon woven paper is sometimes pressed and broken in the thickness direction when the polymer electrolyte membrane, the catalyst layer, and the current collector are integrated or used as a battery. Also, when used as a battery, it is pressurized in the thickness direction while facing the grooved separator, so that a large amount of pressure is applied to the part facing the groove of the grooved separator, and peaks and valleys are applied. The part facing the border is fragile. If the current collector breaks, the broken carbon short fiber will fall off, the current collector will lose its strength, and the electrical resistance will increase in the plane direction, which may make it impossible to use it as a battery.
- a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber paper should be applied in order to prevent the current collector from becoming unusable due to the falling of broken carbon short fibers and the deterioration of the current collector strength. It is necessary to keep the weight loss rate of 3% or less after releasing the surface pressure for a minute. It is preferably at most 2%, more preferably at most 1%. Carbon fiber paper with a weight loss rate of more than 3% is weak after the surface pressure is released and is easily broken by handling.
- the measurement of the weight loss rate is performed as follows. First, the carbon fiber paper is cut into a circular shape with a diameter of 46 mm, and the weight is measured. Next, the carbon fiber paper, which is larger than the carbon fiber paper and is pressed between two glassy carbon plates having a smooth surface, is sandwiched so that the pressure becomes 2.9 MPa per area of the carbon fiber paper. Pressurize and hold for 2 minutes. Remove the pressure and remove the carbon fiber paper, and drop it from a height of 3 O mm with its surface oriented vertically.
- carbon Mototan fibers to be used, It is preferable that carbon fibers of continuous fibers are extruded, more preferably, fibers are tensioned during heat treatment, and more preferably, fibers are stretched during heat treatment.
- the carbon fiber use any of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber, phenol-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, and rayon-based carbon fiber Is preferred. Among them, PAN-based carbon fibers are preferred.
- the heat treatment temperature of the carbon fiber is preferably 2,500 ° C or less, more preferably 2,000 ° C.
- the diameter of the short carbon fibers contained in the carbon fiber paper is preferably 20 m or less. More preferred is 12 / m or less, and even more preferred is 8 ⁇ m or less.
- On the surface of the carbon fiber paper included in the current collector a void having a diameter of 5 to 10 times the diameter of the short carbon fiber is observed.
- the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the catalyst layer, and the current collector are made uneven by the short carbon fibers and voids on the surface of the current collector using carbon fiber paper to facilitate the electrode reaction. For this reason, the diameter of the short carbon fiber should be small.
- the radius of the voids on the surface of the carbon fiber paper included in the current collector becomes almost the same as the thickness of the catalyst layer, and the gap between the catalyst particles in the catalyst layer and the short carbon fibers in the carbon fiber paper is reduced.
- the distance over which electrons flow is longer.
- the thinner the carbon short fibers the harder it is to break when pressed in the thickness direction.
- the diameter of the short carbon fiber is too small, it is difficult for the catalyst layer to penetrate into the current collector at the time of integration, so that the diameter of the short carbon fiber is preferably 2 m or more.
- the volume resistivity of the carbon fibers contained in the carbon fiber paper is preferably 200 ⁇ ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ ⁇ m or less.
- the measurement of the volume resistivity of the carbon fiber is performed according to ISR 7601. If the specified fiber length cannot be obtained, measure with the obtained fiber length.
- the resistance when a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied to the carbon fiber paper is preferably 50 mQ-cm 2 or less. Preferably 4 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less, more preferably 2 0 m ⁇ • cm 2 or less.
- the heat treatment temperature of the carbon fiber is preferably 800 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the carbon fiber paper preferably has a thickness of 0.02 to 0.2 mm when a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied in the thickness direction. More preferably, it is 0.04 to 0.16 mm. Still more preferably, it is 0.08 to 0.12 mm. If the thickness is less than 0.02 mm, the current collector using carbon fiber paper is buried in the catalyst layer, and the diffusion and permeability of fuel and oxygen in the plane direction are reduced. If the thickness is more than 0.2 mm, the electric resistance in the thickness direction increases.
- the thickness of the carbon fiber paper measured at a surface pressure of 13 kPa is 0.1 to 2.
- the thickness of the carbon fiber paper measured at a surface pressure of 13 kPa is 0.1 to 2.
- Carbon fiber paper has a density of 0 when a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied in the thickness direction.
- the density of the carbon fiber paper is determined by applying a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa in the thickness direction with the basis weight of the carbon fiber paper. From the thickness of the carbon fiber paper at the time of '
- the porosity is necessary to increase the porosity. If the density when a uniform surface pressure of 2.9 MPa is applied in the thickness direction is greater than 0.8 g Z cm 3 , the porosity is too low, and the diffusion (2) becomes insufficient. Also 0.3 g If it is smaller than / cm 3 , the resistance value in the thickness direction increases.
- the carbon fiber paper preferably has a pressure loss of not more than 10 mmAq when air of 14 cm / sec is transmitted in the thickness direction without applying a surface pressure. More preferred is 3 mmAq or less, and even more preferred is 1 mmAq or less.
- the basis weight of the carbon fiber paper is preferably from 10 to 100 g / m 2 . More preferably, it is 20 to 80 gZm 2 , still more preferably 25 to 60 g / m 2 .
- the polymer electrolyte membrane, catalyst layer, the current collector catalyst layer current collector becomes thin when partnered to integrate or when batteries As a result, the diffusion and transmission effects in the surface direction become insufficient. If it exceeds 100 g / m 2 , when assembled into a battery, the current collector becomes thick and the resistance increases.
- the carbon fiber paper contains carbonaceous particulates to reduce resistance.
- the particle size of the carbonaceous fine particles is preferably 3 m or less, more preferably 0.l or less, and further preferably 0.Tim or less.
- Carbonaceous fine particles having a large particle diameter have a small effect of lowering the resistance, lower the diffusivity, and easily fall off the current collector.
- Examples of the carbonaceous fine particles include carbon black and graphite powder.
- Examples of the method of including carbonaceous fine particles include a method of binding short carbon fibers with a polymer material containing carbonaceous fine particles, and a method of attaching short carbon fibers and carbonaceous fine particles with a polymer material.
- the unit for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes at least a current collector and a catalyst layer using the carbon fiber paper described above, and short-circuiting through the polymer electrolyte membrane and destruction of the current collector hardly occur.
- the catalyst layer is formed by binding carbon powder carrying a catalyst with a fluororesin, and is often integrated with the current collector by coating or pressing.
- a diffusion layer in which carbon powder is bound with a resin may be provided between the catalyst layer and the current collector.However, the current collector is made to be thick to a certain extent to improve gas diffusion and permeability not only in the thickness direction but also in the surface direction. It is preferable not to provide the diffusion layer by also having the function of the diffusion layer because the manufacturing process is simplified.
- the unit is preferably integrated. It is preferable to pressurize at the time of integration or after integration, and it is preferable to heat at the same time as pressurization. Performing heating at the same time as pressurizing is particularly effective when integrating with the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the pressure to be applied is preferably 0.1 to 20 MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 10 MPa, and 1.5. ⁇ 7 MPa is more preferred.
- the heating temperature is preferably from 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably from 80 to 200 ° C, even more preferably from 120 to 180 ° C.
- the contact resistance is reduced by the integration, and the catalyst layer and solid electrolyte membrane are made uneven to reduce the resistance value, improve the contact between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane, and increase the catalyst utilization rate.
- This unit has the effect of preventing a short circuit through the polymer electrolyte membrane and the destruction of the current collector when used as a fuel cell. This has the effect of preventing short-circuiting through the polymer electrolyte membrane and destruction of the current collector. If heating is performed simultaneously with pressurization during integration, the polymer electrolyte membrane softens and there is a danger of short-circuiting through the polymer electrolyte membrane, so the effect of preventing short-circuiting through the polymer electrolyte membrane is improved. Effectively demonstrated.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a current collector and a unit using the carbon fiber paper of the present invention exhibits good characteristics due to the above-described effects, and is an inexpensive polymer electrolyte fuel cell. It is suitable for driving a moving body such as a ship.
- the method includes the steps of heating the carbon fiber paper and simultaneously pressing the carbon fiber paper in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the carbon fiber paper before forming a catalyst layer on the current collector. It is effective as a method for orienting short fibers in a two-dimensional direction to prevent short circuit due to penetration of polymer electrolyte and breakage of short carbon fibers.
- Example Example 1 a method in which the carbon fiber paper is pressurized in a state of being wet with a liquid is more effective.
- a carbon steel paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the basis weight or the basis weight and the polymer content were changed.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the used short carbon fibers, and the high-molecular substances. Examples 5 to 8
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the short carbon fiber was changed to another PAN-based short carbon fiber.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances.
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that emulsion of SBR was used as a polymer substance for binding short carbon fibers.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances.
- Example 10 0, 1 1
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the basis weight or the basis weight and the polymer content were changed.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances. Examples 12 to 15
- Short fibers of PAN-based carbon short fibers and high molecular weight fibers that bind short carbon fibers are dispersed in water, paper-made on a wire mesh, and dried and bound by heating under a small pressure to produce carbon fibers. I got the paper. Table II shows the carbon fiber paper, the used carbon short fibers, and the high-molecular substances.
- Example 17 C using phenolic carbon fiber paper ("CP-22B” manufactured by Gunei Chemical Co., Ltd.) Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances.
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that short fibers of PAN-based carbon fiber and short fibers of pitch-based carbon were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the polymer substances.
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that short fibers of pitch-based carbon fiber were used.
- Table 1 shows the carbon fiber paper, the short carbon fibers used, and the high-molecular substances.
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except for the length of the short carbon fiber.
- Table 1 shows the length of short carbon fibers and the number of poor dispersion.
- Table 1 shows that shortening the length of the short carbon fibers reduces the number of poor dispersion. Comparative Example 1
- Pitch-based carbon fiber paper (Kureha Carbon Fiber Vapor “E-704” manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the carbon fiber paper is a carbon fiber paper obtained by binding the carbon short carbon fibers, bulk density 0. 1 S g Z cm 3 c a was the (catalog value) Comparative Example 2
- the rayon fiber paper was heat-treated in air at 300 ° C. for 1 hour and then heat-treated at 2,200 ° C. in an inert atmosphere to obtain carbon fiber paper.
- the carbon fiber paper of Example has a small weight loss and a low resistance after pressurizing at 2.9 MPa.
- Example 23 The carbon fiber paper of Example 2 having a size of 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm placed on the film was impregnated with a mixed solution of 0.0556 g of phenolic resin and methanol, and the methanol was evaporated by air drying to remove carbon. Fiber paper was obtained.
- Example 23 The carbon fiber paper of Example 2 having a size of 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm placed on the film was impregnated with a mixed solution of 0.0556 g of phenolic resin and methanol, and the methanol was evaporated by air drying to remove carbon. Fiber paper was obtained.
- the carbon fiber paper of Example 2 having dimensions of 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm placed on a film was prepared by adding 0.005 g of short carbon fiber having a length of 3 mm and a thickness of 7 ⁇ m and 0.056 of a phenol resin. The mixture was impregnated with a mixture of g and methanol, and the methanol was evaporated by air drying to obtain carbon fiber paper.
- Example 2 4
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that short carbon fibers having an average length of 30 m and a thickness of 7 m by number average were used.
- Carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 0.01 g of carbon short fiber having a length of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 7 m was used.
- Example 26
- Carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 0.03 g of carbon short fiber having a length of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 7 m was used. Comparative Example 3
- a carbon fiber paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that short carbon fibers having a length of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 7 m were used. Comparative Example 4
- Example 23 was the same as Example 23 except that the carbon fiber paper of Example 21 was used in place of the carbon fiber paper of Example 2 and 0.07 g of carbon short fiber having a length of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 7001 was used. Similarly, carbon steel paper was obtained. As a result of observing the cross sections of the carbon fiber papers of Examples 22 to 25 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 with naked eyes, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 show that the carbon short woven fabric forms an angle of 45 ° or more from the surface of the carbon woven paper. Although there are many fibers, they are rarely seen in Examples 22 to 25.
- Examples 2 2 to 25 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are carbon short fibers excluding those with a thickness of X mm, a thickness of 2.9 MPa when pressed, and a length of Y mm and a length of (Y + 0.1) mm or less.
- Average length of Z mm and length of short carbon fiber Wmm, the proportion of short carbon fiber satisfying W ⁇ 5X among short carbon fibers excluding those with length (Y + 0.1) mm or less Is shown in Table 1. The following measurement was performed as a test to simulate penetration of the polymer electrolyte membrane by short carbon fibers oriented in the thickness direction of the current collector.
- Table 1 shows the voltage measurement results.
- the voltage was reduced due to two effects: penetration of carbon fiber paper by 1.5 mm long short carbon fiber oriented in the thickness direction of carbon fiber paper and penetration of silicone grease layer.
- Example 23 since the length of the short carbon fiber impregnated with the phenolic resin was as long as 3 mm, it was not possible to form a large angle with the surface of the carbon fiber paper, and the carbon fiber paper was made of short carbon fiber of 3 mm in length. It is considered that the penetration of the silicone grease layer did not occur although the penetration of the silicone grease occurred.
- the current collector for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention prevents short-circuiting through a polymer electrolyte membrane of short carbon fibers and breakage of carbon fiber paper due to pressurization during electrode production and battery operation.
- the resistance in the thickness direction during pressurization can be relatively reduced.
- the current collector for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention is inexpensive and can prevent a short circuit through a polymer electrolyte membrane by short carbon fibers. In addition, it is possible to prevent breakage of carbon short fibers generated during pressurization and breakage due to loosening of the bond due to a polymer substance. Furthermore, the resistance in the thickness direction is low. Therefore, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell with little short-circuit, increase in resistance, decrease in diffusion and permeability caused by the current collector can be obtained. 99/62134 20
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/446,414 US6489051B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Carbon fiber paper for solid polymer fuel cells |
JP2000551450A JP3888057B2 (ja) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用炭素繊維紙 |
KR10-1999-7011775A KR100525140B1 (ko) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | 고체 고분자형 연료 전지용 탄소 섬유지 |
CA002294803A CA2294803A1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Carbon fibre paper for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
PCT/JP1998/002331 WO1999062134A1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Papier de fibres de carbone pour piles a combustible a polymeres solides |
EP98921838A EP1009048A4 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | CARBON FIBER PAPER FOR SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELLS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/002331 WO1999062134A1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Papier de fibres de carbone pour piles a combustible a polymeres solides |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999062134A1 true WO1999062134A1 (fr) | 1999-12-02 |
Family
ID=14208276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1998/002331 WO1999062134A1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Papier de fibres de carbone pour piles a combustible a polymeres solides |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6489051B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1009048A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3888057B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100525140B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2294803A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999062134A1 (ja) |
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JP2002208424A (ja) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用微短検出方法 |
EP1195828A4 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2007-08-29 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | POROUS CARBON ELECTRODE MATERIAL, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND CARBON FIBER PAPER |
JP2010003564A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極基材の製造方法 |
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EP1324411A3 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2004-12-22 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Composite material for fuel cell separator molding and production method thereof, and fuel cell separator which uses the composite material and production method thereof |
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US20110143262A1 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-06-16 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Gas diffusion media made from electrically conductive coatings on non-conductive fibers |
FR2959064B1 (fr) | 2010-04-20 | 2013-01-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Couche de diffusion d'un dispositif electrochimique et procede de realisation d'une telle couche de diffusion |
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US9694306B2 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2017-07-04 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media including polymer compositions and blends |
CN103388278B (zh) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽博领环境科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维纸及其制备方法 |
FR3040240B1 (fr) * | 2015-08-19 | 2017-08-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible a couche de gestion d’eau integree et son procede de realisation. |
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- 1998-05-27 CA CA002294803A patent/CA2294803A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-27 US US09/446,414 patent/US6489051B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1009048A4 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
JP3888057B2 (ja) | 2007-02-28 |
EP1009048A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
CA2294803A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
KR100525140B1 (ko) | 2005-11-01 |
KR20010013760A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
US6489051B1 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
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