WO1999061710A1 - Resin casting method for protecting in situ underground cables - Google Patents

Resin casting method for protecting in situ underground cables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999061710A1
WO1999061710A1 PCT/FR1998/001054 FR9801054W WO9961710A1 WO 1999061710 A1 WO1999061710 A1 WO 1999061710A1 FR 9801054 W FR9801054 W FR 9801054W WO 9961710 A1 WO9961710 A1 WO 9961710A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resin
cables
aggregate
protection
casting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1998/001054
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
René MASSARD
Original Assignee
Massard Rene
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Massard Rene filed Critical Massard Rene
Priority to PCT/FR1998/001054 priority Critical patent/WO1999061710A1/en
Publication of WO1999061710A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999061710A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
    • H02G9/02—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water laid directly in or on the ground, river-bed or sea-bottom; Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/46—Processes or apparatus adapted for installing or repairing optical fibres or optical cables
    • G02B6/50—Underground or underwater installation; Installation through tubing, conduits or ducts
    • G02B6/504—Installation in solid material, e.g. underground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/302—Polyurethanes or polythiourethanes; Polyurea or polythiourea
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the protection of buried cables. These cables can be electrical, telephone, fiber optic etc ... and are generally buried.
  • the commonly used protection techniques relate to the actual sheathing of the cables, which are then buried in a bed of sand or directly in the ground. This technique has drawbacks, however, in the presence of attacks of various origins: corrosion problems (brines, telluric currents, etc.), attacks by rodents, by bacteria, landslides, earthquakes, accidents caused by works (excavators, etc.), etc.
  • the cable protection materials used generally age poorly, become brittle, porous over time, especially in the presence of a chemically aggressive environment, of water slowly diffusing through the materials, etc.
  • the present invention describes a reliable protection technique satisfying all the requirements and constraints which have just been mentioned. It can be applied to any type of cable, but more particularly to optical cables, of smaller diameters.
  • the principle consists in drowning the cable buried in a sheath of liquid resin poured into the trench in which the cable rests. The resin is poured cold, and the polymerization is also carried out at room temperature. For this reason, this solution has more safety than the hot bitumen or asphalt casting, which due to the high temperature of casting (160 to 180 ⁇ C approx.), sometimes creates serious damage to the cables itself, especially to the sheathing which then no longer provides the required protection.
  • the polymerizing resin will create a thick protective barrier around the cable ensuring protection against all constraints:
  • the resin chosen will have a low coefficient of diffusion to water or water vapor.
  • the resin can also incorporate into its composition fillers preserving the harmful effect of gamma nuclear radiation in the event of permanent (for example radon gas) or accidental exposure. These charges can thus be made up of lead powder, or iron ore.
  • the charges of the resin may consist of boron salts (zinc borate) or of gadolinium oxide.
  • the cables must also be protected from ambient electromagnetic interference. This can be ensured by sheathing the cable with a conductive metal, for example copper. It is however possible to ensure the electromagnetic shielding of the cable by incorporating in the resin conductive charges, such as copper, aluminum flakes, iron needles, etc. - The cast resin will also protect the cladding from aging cables, preserving their longevity.
  • the sealing of optical cables can be done simply without the need to bury the cables deeply in the ground, thus also making them more easily accessible and considerably facilitating implementation on site.
  • at a section of 10 cm for example and 10 to 30 cm deep, depending on the diameter of the cables to be protected can be made in the ground, in which the cables will be laid, supported in regularly spaced points so as to place them in the center of the groove (fig. 1).
  • a resin is then poured to drown the cables in the groove, the resin may remain visible, or be covered with earth or another material.
  • the resin will be chosen to meet the following characteristics:
  • the implementation technique must follow the cable laying rates.
  • the resin casting equipment will preferably use a low pressure two-component pump ensuring the mixing and the casting of the resin in the trench (in air to avoid any entrainment of air).
  • a low pressure two-component pump ensuring the mixing and the casting of the resin in the trench (in air to avoid any entrainment of air).
  • Such a machine can be designed to flow on site up to 50 liters / minute.
  • an inert aggregate can be mixed together with the pouring of the resin. This reduces the volume of the cast resin, and the exothermic polymerization effect.
  • These aggregates can be incorporated into the resin by making a preliminary mortar then poured into the groove. This mortar can be prepared in a mixer, or in a resin mixing chamber on the casting machine.
  • Another way to incorporate the aggregate into the resin is to deposit it on a layer of resin previously cast, the resin then being poured again on the aggregate bed. (FiG.3) By repeating this process as necessary , this achieves a homogeneous dispersion of the aggregates in the resin.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for casting bi-constituent solventless resin with a low pressure bi-constituent pump for protecting in situ underground cables, said cables being electric or telephone cables or even optical fibres. The cast resin can be pure or filled. The fillers can be selected according to the properties for which protection is sought (fire resistance, protection against nuclear radiation, electromagnetic armouring). A resin mortar can also be produced by incorporating aggregates in the resin. The invention discloses several processes for producing said mortars during casting.

Description

PROCEDE DECOULEE DE RESINE POUR LA PROTECTION IN SITU DE CABLES ENTERRES RESIN-BASED PROCESS FOR THE IN SITU PROTECTION OF BURIED CABLES
La présente invention concerne la protection de cables enterrés . Ces câbles peuvent être électriques, téléphoniques, à fibre optique etc.... et sont généralement enterrés . Les techniques de protection couramment utilisées concernent le gainage proprement dit des câbles, qui sont ensuite enfouis dans un lit de sable ou directement dans le sol. Cette technique présente toutefois des inconvénients, en présence d'agressions d'origines diverses : problèmes de corrosion (saumures , courants telluriques, etc.), agressions par des rongeurs, par des bactéries, glissements de terrains, tremblements de terre, accidents provoqués par des travaux (pelleteuses, etc..) etc.. . Les matériaux de protection des câbles utilisés vieillissent en général mal , deviennent cassants, poreux avec le temps, surtout en présence d'un environnement agressif chimiquement, d'eau diffusant lentement à travers les matériaux , etc.. Le remplacement ou la réparation d'un réseau de câbles enterrés est délicat à réaliser, et surtout extrêmement coûteux. Le développement actuel des communications, des réseaux par câbles optiques notamment , et la nécessité de les enterrer pour mieux les protéger (en particulier des effets néfastes des ondes électromagnétiques), pose de manière cruciale le problème de la sécurité de la protection de ces câbles enterrés, et leur longévité.The present invention relates to the protection of buried cables. These cables can be electrical, telephone, fiber optic etc ... and are generally buried. The commonly used protection techniques relate to the actual sheathing of the cables, which are then buried in a bed of sand or directly in the ground. This technique has drawbacks, however, in the presence of attacks of various origins: corrosion problems (brines, telluric currents, etc.), attacks by rodents, by bacteria, landslides, earthquakes, accidents caused by works (excavators, etc.), etc. The cable protection materials used generally age poorly, become brittle, porous over time, especially in the presence of a chemically aggressive environment, of water slowly diffusing through the materials, etc. The replacement or repair of a network of buried cables is difficult to achieve, and above all extremely expensive. The current development of communications, networks by optical cables in particular, and the need to bury them to better protect them (in particular from the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves), poses crucially the problem of the security of the protection of these buried cables , and their longevity.
La présente invention décrit une technique fiable de protection satisfaisant toutes les exigences et contraintes qui viennent d'être citées. Elle peut s'appliquer à tout type de câbles, mais plus particulièrement aux câbles optiques , de plus petits diamètres. Le principe consiste à noyer le câble enterré dans un gainage de résine liquide coulée dans la tranchée dans laquelle repose le câble. La coulée de la résine se fait à froid, et la polymérisation se fait à température ambiante également.Pour ce motif, cette solution présente davantage de sécrité que la coulée de bitume ou d'asphalte à chaud , qui en raisons de la température élevée de coulée (160 à 180βC env.) , crée parfois des dommages graves au câbles lui même , surtout au gainage qui n'assure alors plus la protection requise. La résine en polymérisant créera autour du câble une barrière de protection épaisse assurant une protection face à toutes les contraintes :The present invention describes a reliable protection technique satisfying all the requirements and constraints which have just been mentioned. It can be applied to any type of cable, but more particularly to optical cables, of smaller diameters. The principle consists in drowning the cable buried in a sheath of liquid resin poured into the trench in which the cable rests. The resin is poured cold, and the polymerization is also carried out at room temperature. For this reason, this solution has more safety than the hot bitumen or asphalt casting, which due to the high temperature of casting (160 to 180 β C approx.), sometimes creates serious damage to the cables itself, especially to the sheathing which then no longer provides the required protection. The polymerizing resin will create a thick protective barrier around the cable ensuring protection against all constraints:
- chimiques (la résine choisie résistera à toutes les agressions chimiques susceptibles d'être rencontrées dans le sol : saumures, essence, pétrole , ou contact accidentel dû à une pollution chimique par accident de camion transportant des produits chimiques par exemple, etc..)- chemicals (the chosen resin will resist all chemical attacks likely to be encountered in the soil: brines, petrol, petroleum, or accidental contact due to chemical pollution by accident of truck transporting chemicals for example, etc.)
- étanchéité à la diffusion de l'eau ou la vapeur d'eau : la résine choisie aura un faible coefficient de diffusion à l'eau ou la vapeur d'eau.- tightness to the diffusion of water or water vapor: the resin chosen will have a low coefficient of diffusion to water or water vapor.
- attaque par des rongeurs : l'épaisseur du gainage et son manque d'intérêt nutritionnel découragera les rongeurs de toute agression.- attack by rodents: the thickness of the sheathing and its lack of nutritional interest will discourage rodents from any aggression.
- protection mécanique en cas d'accident de pelleteuse, glissement de terrain, etc.. - la résine , en choisissant de manière appropriée ses caractéristiques et ses charges, peut également protéger les câbles d'incendies, en utilisant par exemple des charges de fibres de laine de roche ou de verre, ou encore des adjuvants retardant la combustion .- mechanical protection in case of backhoe accident, landslide, etc. - the resin, by choosing its characteristics and its charges appropriately, can also protect the cables from fire, by using for example charges of rock wool or glass fibers, or even adjuvants delaying combustion.
- la résine peut également incorporer dans sa composition des charges préservant de l'effet néfaste de rayonnements nucléaires gamma en cas d'exposition permanente (par exemple au gaz radon) ou accidentelle. Ces charges peuvent être ainsi constituées de poudre de plomb, ou de minerai de fer.- The resin can also incorporate into its composition fillers preserving the harmful effect of gamma nuclear radiation in the event of permanent (for example radon gas) or accidental exposure. These charges can thus be made up of lead powder, or iron ore.
- en cas de rayonnement neutronique, les charges de la résine peuvent être constituées de sels de bore (borate de zinc) ou d'oxide de gadolinium . - Les câbles doivent également être protégés des interférences électromagnétiques ambiantes.Ceci peut être assuré par un gainage du câble avec un métal conducteur, en cuivre par exemple. Il est cependant possible d'assurer le blindage électromagnétique du câble en incorporant dans la résine des charges conductrices , telles que paillettes de cuivre, d'aluminium , aiguilles de fer , etc.... - La résine coulée protégera également du vieillissement le gainage des câbles, préservant leur longévité.- in the event of neutron radiation, the charges of the resin may consist of boron salts (zinc borate) or of gadolinium oxide. - The cables must also be protected from ambient electromagnetic interference. This can be ensured by sheathing the cable with a conductive metal, for example copper. It is however possible to ensure the electromagnetic shielding of the cable by incorporating in the resin conductive charges, such as copper, aluminum flakes, iron needles, etc. - The cast resin will also protect the cladding from aging cables, preserving their longevity.
A titre d'illustration, le scellement de câbles optiques peut se faire simplement sans nécessité d'enfouir profondément les câbles dans le sol, les rendant ainsi également plus facilement accessibles et facilitant de manière considérable la mise en oeuvre sur chantier.Une saignée de 1 à 10 cm de section par exemple et de 10 à 30 cm de profondeur, selon le diamètre des câbles à protéger, peut être faite dans le sol,dans laquelle seront posés les câbles, supportés en points régulièrement espacés de façon à les placer au centre de la saignée( fig.1).Une résine est ensuite coulée pour noyer les câbles dans la saignée, la résine pouvant rester apparente , ou être recouverte par de la terre ou un autre matériau. La résine sera choisie pour répondre aux caractéristiques suivantes :By way of illustration, the sealing of optical cables can be done simply without the need to bury the cables deeply in the ground, thus also making them more easily accessible and considerably facilitating implementation on site. at a section of 10 cm for example and 10 to 30 cm deep, depending on the diameter of the cables to be protected, can be made in the ground, in which the cables will be laid, supported in regularly spaced points so as to place them in the center of the groove (fig. 1). A resin is then poured to drown the cables in the groove, the resin may remain visible, or be covered with earth or another material. The resin will be chosen to meet the following characteristics:
- elle sera à deux composants sans solvant .- it will have two components without solvent.
- polymérisable à froid, et même si possible à basse température (par température négative en cas de travaux l'hiver). - elle aura de grandes qualités de résistance mécanique (à la compression, à la traction, à la déchirure)- polymerizable cold, and even if possible at low temperature (by negative temperature in the case of winter work). - it will have great qualities of mechanical resistance (to compression, to traction, to tear)
- elle sera souple, de façon à suivre sans dommage des contraintes de déformation accidentelle (cas de glissement de terrain, inondations, etc..)- it will be flexible, so as to follow accidentally deformation constraints without damage (landslides, floods, etc.)
- elle sera résistante chimiquement , et étanche à l'eau et la vapeur d'eau. - l'effet exothermique lors de sa polymérisation sera réduit, de manière à ne pas élever de manière trop importante la température risquant d'endommager le câble , et de manière à éviter également les contraintes thermiques à l'intérieur de la résine risquant de provoquer des fissurations dans la masse de la résine. Le principe de cette technique peut être réalisé avec des résines de types époxidiques, acryliques, metacrylates, alkydes, polyester, vinylique, etc.. mais de préférence polyuréthannes ou epoxy-polyuréthannes.- it will be chemically resistant, and waterproof against water and water vapor. - The exothermic effect during its polymerization will be reduced, so as not to raise the temperature too much, risking damaging the cable, and so as to also avoid thermal stresses inside the resin, which could cause cracks in the mass of the resin. The principle of this technique can be carried out with resins of epoxy, acrylic, metacrylate, alkyd, polyester, vinyl, etc. types, but preferably polyurethanes or epoxy-polyurethanes.
Dans le cas de saignée de faible section (1 à 2 cm par exemple pour des petits câbles) , il est préférable de poser le câble sur le fond de la saignée, et de couler directement la résine dans la saignée sur le câble (fig.2).In the case of a small cross-section (1 to 2 cm for example for small cables), it is preferable to lay the cable on the bottom of the recess, and to pour the resin directly into the recess on the cable (fig. 2).
La technique de mise en oeuvre devra suivre les cadences de pose du câble. L'équipement de coulée de résine utilisera préférablement une pompe bi-composant basse pression assurant le mélange et la coulée de la résine dans la tranchée (en airiess afin d'éviter tout entraînement d'air). Une telle machine peut être conçue de manière à couler sur chantier jusqu'à 50 litres/minute. Dans le cas de section de tranchée importante, un agrégat inerte peut être mélangé en même temps que la coulée de la résine. Cela réduit le volume de la résine coulée, et l'effet exothermique de polymérisation. Ces agrégats peuvent être incorporés à la résine en réalisant un mortier préalable coulé ensuite dans la saignée. Ce mortier peut être préparé dans un malaxeur, ou dans une chambre de mélange de la résine sur la machine de coulée. Une autre façon d'incorporer l'agrégat dans la résine consiste à le déposer sur une couche de résine préalablement coulée, la résine étant ensuite coulée à nouveau sur le lit d'agrégats.(FiG.3) En répétant autant que nécessaire ce processus , on parvient ainsi à réaliser une dispersion homogène des agrégats dans la résine. The implementation technique must follow the cable laying rates. The resin casting equipment will preferably use a low pressure two-component pump ensuring the mixing and the casting of the resin in the trench (in air to avoid any entrainment of air). Such a machine can be designed to flow on site up to 50 liters / minute. In the case of a large trench section, an inert aggregate can be mixed together with the pouring of the resin. This reduces the volume of the cast resin, and the exothermic polymerization effect. These aggregates can be incorporated into the resin by making a preliminary mortar then poured into the groove. This mortar can be prepared in a mixer, or in a resin mixing chamber on the casting machine. Another way to incorporate the aggregate into the resin is to deposit it on a layer of resin previously cast, the resin then being poured again on the aggregate bed. (FiG.3) By repeating this process as necessary , this achieves a homogeneous dispersion of the aggregates in the resin.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. - Procédé d'isolation de câbles enterrés par enrobage des câbles à l'aide d'une résine coulée dans la saignée dans laquelle repose le câble.1. - Method for insulating buried cables by coating the cables with a resin cast in the groove in which the cable rests.
2. - Procédé suivant la revendication précédente caractérisée par le fait que cette résine est coulée par une pompe airiess bi-composant basse pression à haut débit. 3. - Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisée par l'emploi d'une résine bi- composant sans solvant, de type époxidique, polyuréthanne, époxy polyuréthanne, métacrylate, vinylique , acrylique, alkyde ou polyester. 4 i .- Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisé en ce que des charges sont incorporées dans la résine pour assurer une protection anti-feu (charges de fibres de laine de roche, de verre, ou encore adjuvants retardant la combustion) , une protection aux rayonnement gamma (poudre de plomb, minerai de fer), une protection au rayonnement neutronique (sels de bore, oxide de gadolinium), un blindage électromagnétique ( écailles de cuivre, d'aluminium, aiguilles de fer).2. - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that this resin is poured by a low-pressure, high-flow two-component airiess pump. 3. - Method according to claim 1 characterized by the use of a two-component resin without solvent, of epoxy, polyurethane, epoxy polyurethane, metacrylate, vinyl, acrylic, alkyd or polyester. 4 i .- A method according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that fillers are incorporated into the resin to provide fire protection (fillers of rock wool fibers, glass, or adjuvants delaying combustion), a gamma radiation protection (lead powder, iron ore), neutron radiation protection (boron salts, gadolinium oxide), electromagnetic shielding (copper, aluminum scales, iron needles).
5. - Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisé en ce qu' un agrégat est mélangé de manière homogène à la résine au moment de la coulée.5. - Method according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that an aggregate is homogeneously mixed with the resin at the time of casting.
6. - Procédé suivant la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'agrégat est incorporé dans la résine à l'aide d'un malaxeur réalisant le mélange agrégat-résine avant la coulée.6. - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the aggregate is incorporated into the resin using a mixer making the aggregate-resin mixture before casting.
7. - Procédé suivant la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les agrégats sont répandus sur la résine coulée en créant des strates agrégats-résine. 7. - Method according to claim 4 characterized in that the aggregates are spread on the cast resin by creating aggregates-resin strata.
REVENDICATIONS MODIFIEESAMENDED CLAIMS
[reçues par le Bureau international le 28 juillet 1999 (28.07.99); revendication 1 modifiée; autres revendications inchangées (1 page)][received by the International Bureau on July 28, 1999 (07/28.99); claim 1 as amended; other claims unchanged (1 page)]
1. - Procédé d'isolation de câbles enterrés par enrobage des câbles à l'aide d'une résine coulée à froid et polymérisable à froid dans la saignée dans laquelle repose le câble.1. - Method for insulating buried cables by coating the cables with a cold-cast resin that can be polymerized cold in the groove in which the cable rests.
2. - Procédé suivant la revendication précédente caractérisée par le fait que cette résine est coulée par une pompe airiess bi-composant basse pression à haut débit. 2. - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that this resin is poured by a low-pressure, high-flow two-component airiess pump.
3. - Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisée par l'emploi d'une résine bi- composant sans solvant, de type époxidique, polyuréthanne, époxy polyuréthanne, métacrylate, vinylique , acrylique, alkyde ou polyester. 3. - Method according to claim 1 characterized by the use of a two-component resin without solvent, of epoxy, polyurethane, epoxy polyurethane, metacrylate, vinyl, acrylic, alkyd or polyester.
4 - Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisé en ce que des charges sont incorporées dans la résine pour assurer une protection anti-feu (charges de fibres de laine de roche, de verre, ou encore adjuvants retardant la combustion) , une protection aux rayonnement gamma (poudre de plomb, minerai de fer), une protection au rayonnement neutronique (sels de bore, oxide de gadolinium), un blindage électromagnétique ( écailles de cuivre, d'aluminium, aiguilles de fer).4 - Process according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that fillers are incorporated in the resin to provide fire protection (charges of rock wool fibers, glass, or even adjuvants delaying combustion), protection against gamma radiation (lead powder, iron ore), protection from neutron radiation (boron salts, gadolinium oxide), electromagnetic shielding (copper, aluminum scales, iron needles).
5. - Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisé en ce qu' un agrégat est mélangé de manière homogène à la résine au moment de la coulée.5. - Method according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that an aggregate is homogeneously mixed with the resin at the time of casting.
6. - Procédé suivant la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'agrégat est incorporé dans la résine à l'aide d'un malaxeur réalisant le mélange agrégat-résine avant la coulée.6. - Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the aggregate is incorporated into the resin using a mixer making the aggregate-resin mixture before casting.
7. - Procédé suivant la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les agrégats sont répandus sur ia résine coulée en créant des strates agrégats-résine. 7. - Method according to claim 4 characterized in that the aggregates are spread on ia cast resin by creating aggregates-resin strata.
PCT/FR1998/001054 1998-05-26 1998-05-26 Resin casting method for protecting in situ underground cables WO1999061710A1 (en)

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