WO1999059414A1 - Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture - Google Patents
Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999059414A1 WO1999059414A1 PCT/IE1998/000037 IE9800037W WO9959414A1 WO 1999059414 A1 WO1999059414 A1 WO 1999059414A1 IE 9800037 W IE9800037 W IE 9800037W WO 9959414 A1 WO9959414 A1 WO 9959414A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hatching
- hatch
- prl
- activity
- factor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to semiochemicals and to the manipulation thereof in controlling and combating the effects of nematodes, more especially potato cyst nematodes (PCNs).
- PCNs potato cyst nematodes
- Semiochemicals are chemicals which affect or modify the behaviour of an organism.
- PCNs especially Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida
- IPM integrated pest management
- PCN-resistant potato varieties are the principal pests of potato crops in Europe, causing annual losses estimated at 300 million ECU in E.U. Member States. These losses occur despite the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM), based on PCN-resistant potato varieties, crop rotation and the use of nematicides.
- IPM integrated pest management
- the current E.U. market for nematicide sales for PCN control is 40 million ECU p. a., but risks of nematicide residues in groundwater and ware tubers has already lead to a temporary removal of one nematicide for use on potatoes in the U.S.A.
- the likely implementation of a ban on potato nematicides in the E.U. will require the development of alternative, environmentally-sound PCN control strategies which can be integrated with crop rotations and the cultivation of resistant varieties.
- PCN remains in the soil in the form of cysts which become detached from the roots of the plants. Each cyst contains up to 600 eggs and each egg contains one juvenile nematode.
- the success of PCN as a specialist pest of potatoes lies in the fact that nematodes within the cysts are stimulated to hatch by host-specific root- produced chemicals ("hatching factors", HFs).
- PCNs are noticeable above ground as yellowing, stunting and wilting of the foliage.
- the PCNs feed on the potato roots, resulting in a major reduction in the yield from an infected crop.
- potatoes are used not only as a food, but also as a source of starch for use in various industries, such as the chemical and plastics industries.
- a class of PCN semiochemicals has been distinguished in potato root diffusate or leachate, namely one or more hatching factors. Indeed, in nature juveniles of two species of potato cyst nematodQ,Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, hatch in response to hatching factors present in root diffusate from potato and related plants such as tomato. The juveniles are protected from the effects of traditional agrichemicals by the cysts and the shells.
- Nematicides are designed to affect the movement of hatched juveniles; by chance, they also interfere with HF-induced hatch.
- the unhatched juveniles are resistant to adverse environmental conditions such as low temperature and dryness and can remain dormant in the soil for considerable periods of time.
- the hatching of eggs from cysts of the golden potato cyst nematode, G. rostochiensis occurs in the presence of host plant root leachate (Perry, R. N., (1989), Parasitology Today 5:377-383).
- Such leachate contains several chemicals which appear to alter the permeability of the eggshell membrane causing trehalose to leak from the egg and water to move inwards, resulting in rehydration of the second-stage juvenile (J2) and contributing to the eclosion of the nematode (Perry, R.N., (1978), Agricultural Research Council Research Review 4:79-83).
- EP-A 0 434 417 discloses a method for the production of a substance which is capable of stimulating the hatching of eggs of PCNs which involves culturing root cells of plants of the Solanaceae family on a medium.
- the hatching rate (%) of eggs in the presence of varying dilutions of a root culture solution was determined in vitro. However, hatching activity was not determined in vivo in soil.
- WO 93/02083 discloses a hatching agent for hatching PCN which has a molecular weight of 498, a composition C 27 H 30 O 9 and which is assigned the systematic name tr ⁇ tw-2-(2-,13-dihydroxy-9-methoxy- 7,7,16-trimethyl-5, 10,20-trioxo-19-oxahexacyclo [9.7.0.1 3,6 .0 3 ' 8 .1 12 16 ]- eicosa-l(l l),8-dien-15-yl) cyclopropropanecarboxylic acid.
- the hatching agent is indicated to be active in aqueous solutions or as a solid in a concentration ranging from 0.01 - lOOOmg/kg soil with the optimum ranging from 1 - lOOmg/kg soil.
- the hatching agent is indicated to be unstable at pH below 2 and above 7 and at temperatures above about 35°C.
- Devine, K.J. et al demonstrated the presence of multiple hatching factors in potato root leachate. At least ten hatching factors were isolated from potato root leachate by a combination of gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography.
- the invention provides a hatch-inactive stimulating agent obtainable from plants of the Solanaceae family which is capable of stimulating hatching factor-induced hatch of potato cyst nematode.
- the hatch-inactive stimulating agent in accordance with the invention can potentiate the effects of HFs against the two species of PCN G. rostochiensis and G. pallida permitting the use of lower amounts of active ingredient per hectare of infected soil relative to known HF preparations to achieve higher levels of PCN hatch and control.
- the stimulating agent according to the invention is obtainable from potato root leachate.
- the stimulating agent according to the invention is also obtainable from tomato root leachate.
- the stimulating agent according to the invention preferably has a Kav distribution coefficient of which, following elution from a Sephadex G-10 column, is within the range 0.5 to 3.0 as depicted in Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
- the invention also provides a hatching factor preparation for use in the control of potato cyst nematode which contains one or more hatching factor(s) and a stimulating agent as hereinbefore described, but which is free of any hatching inhibitors.
- the hatching factor is selected from a glycoalkaloid and a terpenoid.
- the hatching inhibitors are removed from the leachate by passage of the leachate through polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) followed by removal of any hatch- inhibitory levels of inorganic salts from the eluate.
- PVPP polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
- the PVPP binds His but not HFs or HSs.
- Amberlite XAD-4 Amberlite is a trade mark
- the HFs and HSs bind to the Amberlite XAD-4.
- Aqueous washing of the column removes hatch- inhibitory levels of inorganic salts and the HFs and HSs can be recovered quantitatively by elution with methanol, followed by rotary evaporation as hereinafter demonstrated in the Examples.
- the hatching factor preparation according to the invention is stable at a temperature greater than about 35°C, more especially greater than 60°C.
- the activity of the hatching factor preparation according to the invention is reduced at a pH above about 9.0. relative to its activity at a pH in the range 5.0 - 8.0.
- the hatching factor preparation according to the invention is capable of achieving a maximum kill of 70-80% of a viable potato cyst nematode egg population when the preparation is applied to a locus at a concentration of 5-30g per hectare, more especially 10-20g per hectare.
- concentrations refer to active ingredient (or HF equivalent) corresponding to the usual way in which agrochemical dosage is expressed.
- the hatching factor preparation according to the invention is distinguished over the hatching agent of WO 93/02083 in a number of advantageous respects.
- the optimum concentration of the hatching agent used in accordance with WO 93/02083 is 1-lOOmg/kg soil as indicated above. In the case of the present invention the optimum concentration is 10- 20 ⁇ g/kg soil.
- the higher specific activity (hatching activity per unit preparation weight) of the hatching factor preparation in accordance with the invention has advantages for the farmer (ease of application) and the environment (with much smaller amounts of chemical (albeit natural) applied to the soil).
- partial hatch occurs when conditions (e.g. HF dosage reaching the eggs) is insufficient to cause complete hatch, but permits partial dehydration of the juveniles, which become much more stress susceptible. The result is reduced % of viable eggs in the PCN population.
- HF treatment of infested soil in the absence of potatoes causes PCN population control by a) reducing the number of unhatched eggs ("suicide hatch") and b) reducing the % of viable unhatched eggs (“partial hatch”).
- HSs in accordance with the invention can act selectively on particular HFs.
- the species of potato cyst nematode is Globodera rostochiensis and the hatching factor is a glycoalkaloid hatching factor and/or a terpenoid hatching factor having a molecular weight of 530.
- terpenoid HFs having a molecular weight of 530 were determined. Each has a unique (but slightly different) mass spectrum profile as a result of minor structural modifications, for example methylation and different positioning of double bonds. The mass spectra for these hatching factors, ten in all, are depicted in Fig. 1 A-J.
- the species of potato cyst nematode is Globodera pallida and the hatching factor is a terpenoid hatching factor having a molecular weight of 279.
- the invention also provides a method of controlling potato cyst nematodes, which comprises applying to a locus of potato cyst nematode infestation a preparation in accordance with the invention as herein described.
- a further aspect of the invention could be a method of controlling PCNs at a locus, which method comprises applying to said locus a PCN hatching inhibitor preparation in the presence of a potato crop so as to inhibit hatching of live PCNs during the growth of the potato crop.
- Fig. 1 A-J represent mass spectra for terpenoid HFs of molecular weight 530 described herein;
- Fig. 2 represents time course of in-soil and in vitro hatch of G. rostochiensis in response to four potato varieties.
- Fig. 3 is a graph of % J2 hatched versus Kav value of hatching activity resolved following fractionation of PRL on Sephadex G-10;
- Fig. 4 is a graph of actual % hatch minus expected % hatch versus Kav value for HI and HF activities (using PRL as standard) following Sephadex G-10 fractionation of PRL.
- Fig. 5 is a graph of actual % hatch minus expected % hatch versus Kav value for HI and HS activities (using picrolonic acid as standard ) following separate Sephadex- 10 fractionation of PRL;
- Fig. 6 is a graph of actual % hatch minus expected % hatch versus Kav value for HS activities (using PRL as standard) following Sephadex G- 10 fractionation of PRL;
- Fig. 7 is a graph of % J2 hatched versus Kav value demonstrating the effect on hatching activity of the addition of a PRL HS fractions following elution of PRL from Sephadex G-10;
- Fig. 8 is a graph of total HI or HF activity (as % J2 hatched)/net % in vitro hatch of leachate versus days from plant emergence as described in Example 4.
- Fig. 9 is a graph of actual % hatch minus expected % hatch versus glycoalkaloid concentration (M) as described in Example 5.
- Sachets (5cm x 5cm) of cysts, each containing 100 pre-soaked cysts, were constructed from milk filter socks (Manus Master 61 filter, Chemical Services Ltd., Dublin) and placed on 4cm of washed gravel in 18cm pots. More gravel was added with one tuber placed in each pot at 3.5cm above the sachet, and the pots were then filled with gravel. Twenty five tubers of each of the four varieties (Golden Wonder, Maris Piper, Desiree and Pentland Dell) were planted, plus 25 control pots containing sachets but no tubers. The pots were placed in a glasshouse (minimum temperature of 18°C).
- the pots were watered three times per week with 500ml of water containing a proprietary nutrient solution (N 10:P 4.4K 22/.5; Phostrogen, Corwen, U.K.).
- a proprietary nutrient solution N 10:P 4.4K 22/.5; Phostrogen, Corwen, U.K.
- test samples of ten cysts from each sachet were placed in 200 ⁇ l distilled water in an eppendorf tube and crushed. The contents were suspended using a vortex mixer and the mean number of full eggs in three 20 ⁇ l subsamples was calculated (X: "remaining egg number”). The mean number of full eggs per cyst for the initial inoculum was calculated (Y: “intial egg number”) and the percentage hatch was expressed as
- control egg number was the mean number of eggs per cyst in the control (no-plant) pots for the same week as the test sample (plus- plant).
- LA Log-Activity
- Fig. 2 represents a time course of in-soil and in vitro hatch of G. rostochiensis in reponse to four potato varieties; Maris Piper (O),
- PRL was collected from 2- to 4- week old plants of potato cv. Kerrs Pink grown in gravel under glasshouse conditions (Twomey, U. et al. (1995) supra).
- PRL was fractionated on a Sephadex G-10 column (2 x 43cm) according to the method of Devine, K.J. et al. ((1996) supra).
- Kav Ve-Vo Vt-Vo
- V elution volume of test material
- Vo void volume
- Vt total bed volume of the column.
- each PRL fraction was assayed (at 1: 100 dilution) for hatching activity in the presence of a PRL spike: this spike corresponded to a point approximately half-way down the linear portion of the PRL dosage-hatch response bioassay curve (Fig. 1 in Devine, K.J. et al. ((1996) supra) and meant that both inhibition (due to His) and stimulation of hatch (due to HSs) could be detected in a single assay.
- the PRL Sephadex G-10 fractions corresponding to the HS eluting at Kav 2.40-2.53 were pooled.
- PRL was then chromatographed on Sephadex G-10 into 25 x 8ml fractions (compared to the usual 40 x 4ml fractions) and a 100 ⁇ l aliqout of a 1:50 dilution of each fraction was assayed for hatching activity in the presence of lOO ⁇ l aliquot of either the HS preparation or elution buffer.
- HF profile (Fig. 3) was similar to that reported by Devine, K.J. et al. ((1996) supra) the ion-exchange capacity of Sephadex G- 10 resulting in elution of active molecules at Kav distribution coefficients greater than 2.5.
- Fig. 3 represents hatching activity resolved following fractionation of PRL on Sephadex G-10: original fraction concentration ( ⁇ ), 1 : 10 dilution ( ⁇ ) and 1 : 100 dilution ( ⁇ ).
- the error bar represents LSD (P 0.05) and the broken line refers to hatch in the presence of elution buffer.
- Bars represent actual hatching activity (PRL fraction + PRL aliquot) minus expected hatching activity ([PRL fraction only] + [PRL aliquot only]). Bracketed fractions with letters represent zones of HS activity (actual hatch greater than expected hatch) or HI activity (actual hatch less than expected hatch) in either Fig. 4 or Fig. 5. Asterisks indicate that the activity is significant (P ⁇ 0.05).
- Fig. 5 represents HI and HS activities (using picrolonic acid as standard) following Sephadex G-10 fractionation of PRL: bars represent actual hatching activity (PRL fraction + picrolonic acid aliquot only). Bracketed fractions with letters represent zones of HS activity (actual hatch greater than expected hatch) or zones of HI activity (actual hatch less than expected hatch) in either Fig. 4 or Fig. 5. Asterisks indicate that the activity is significant (P ⁇ 0.05).
- HS activities of the ex-Sephadex fractions of PRL were quite different, depending on whether the positive control was PRL (Fig. 4) or picrolonic acid (Fig. 5), with the former producing the more complex profile.
- HS A Kav 0.68-1.14
- HS zone A appeared to correspond to HS A in Fig. 4 which contained three possible HSs:
- HS A in Fig. 5 is shorter than in Fig. 4 due possibly to the action of HI J interfering with the activity of the first two fractions. This permits the proposal of an hypothesis, that HSs are HF-specific; stimulating hatch induced by certain PRL HFs but not by picrolonic acid.
- Fig. 6 shows HS activities (using PRL as standard) in the absence of HF and HI activities following Sephadex G- 10 fractionation of PRL.
- the bars represent actual % J2 hatch (PRL fraction + PRL aliquot) minus expected % J2 hatch ([PRL fraction only] + [PRL aliquot only]).
- the bracketed fractions with letters represent zones of HS activity and the asterisks indicate that actual hatching is significantly greater (P ⁇ 0.05) than expected hatch.
- Fig. 7 shows the effect on hatching activity of addition of PRL HS E. (Kav 2.45-2.53) to fractions following elution of PRL from Sephadex G-10: fraction + HS ( ⁇ ), fraction + buffer control (D).
- the broken line represents hatch in the presence of the elution buffer.
- Asterisks indicate PRL fractions where hatching activity was significantly (P ⁇ 0.05) increased in the presence of HF E compared to the corresponding controls.
- Fig. 8 shows total HI (d) activity and HF activity ( ) for leachates collected three days before (-3) and three (+3) and ten days (+10) after plant emergence of potato cv. Kerr's Pink.
- Net in vitro % hatch ( ⁇ ) represents the mean percentage of J2 hatched over a 1000- fold dilution range.
- the HF and HI assays were conducted on fractions resolved by Sephadex G-10 chromatography or PRL collected from plants of potato cv. Kerr's Pink, 3 days before, 3 days after and 10 days after plant emergence.
- each fraction was assayed for HF and HI activity and the total HF activity and HI activity of each leachate was presented as the sum of the fraction activities above and below, respectively, the appropriate control value (running buffer for HF, picrolonic acid for HI).
- the net hatching activity of each leachate was also determined on the unfractionated PRL and the mean percentage hatch induced by undiluted PRL, 1: 10, 1: 100 and 1: 1000 dilutions was calculated.
- Logarithmic dilution series (10 2 to 10'°M) of the glycoalkaloids ⁇ -chaconine and ⁇ -solanine (Sigma Chemical Co. Poole, UK) were each prepared either in water or PRL (lmg ml "1 ). Hatching activity was determined in these dilution series, with PRL (lmg ml "1 ) and water as controls.
- Fig. 9 illustrates the effect on hatching activity of a PRL aliquot on addition of a dilution series of ⁇ -solanine ( ⁇ ) or ⁇ -chaconine (•).
- the effect is expressed as actual, i.e. (PRL + ⁇ -solanine or ⁇ - chaconine) hatch minus expected hatch, i.e. [(PRL only) + ( ⁇ -solanine or ⁇ -chaconine only) hatch.
- a positive sign indicates stimulation and a negative sign indicates inhibition of hatch.
- the temperature stability of the hatching activity of a potato root diffusate preparation was determined in the following way.
- % hatch (mean number of hatched juveniles per cyst after incubation) x 100 (mean number of unhatched juveniles per cyst before incubation)
- Table 1 illustrates the temperature stability of hatching activity of potato root diffusate preparation.
- the hatching activity (as % hatch of viable eggs) of the HF preparations towards both PCN species was determined over a 3-week period. The treatments were replicated 6 times.
- the hatching activity assay was conducted according to the procedure outlined in Example 6.
- Table 2 illustrates the effect of pH values above 9 on the hatching activity of the hatching factor preparation.
- a field site with a natural infestation of predominantly G. pallida PA2/3 was analysed and an average PCN content of 35.6 viable eggs per g soil was determined (using the Meldola's Blue method).
- % concentration (no. of viable unhatched juveniles per g soil after incubation) xlOO (no. of viable unhatched juveniles per g soil before incubation)
- the values above represent a percentage decrease in PCN population.
- the concentration of HF preparation used is an estimate of the concentration of HFs in PRL preparation, not the amount of PRD used.
- the concentration of HF equivalents is estimated from data (total weight of HFs purified per 1 PRL purification).
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU76715/98A AU7671598A (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture |
DE69818109T DE69818109T2 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | FACTORS FOR CONTROLLING POTATO CYSTE NOMATODES AND THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE |
AT98924535T ATE249145T1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | FACTORS FOR CONTROL OF POTATO CYST NEMATODES AND THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE |
PCT/IE1998/000037 WO1999059414A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture |
EP98924535A EP1085812B1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IE1998/000037 WO1999059414A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999059414A1 true WO1999059414A1 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
Family
ID=11042511
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IE1998/000037 WO1999059414A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1998-05-20 | Potato cyst nematode controlling factors and their use in agriculture |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1085812B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE249145T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7671598A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69818109T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999059414A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012148251A2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. | Uses, methods and biological compositions of the genus paecilomyces for the control, prevention and eradication of phytoparasites in solanaceae cultures |
WO2014092529A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Instituto De Ecología, A.C. | Biocontrol of phyto-parasitic nematodes using paecilomyces |
CN108546171A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-18 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | The method that aerial fog cultivation nutrient solution combines and its spray method, aerial fog cultivation improve potato Cross fertile rate |
WO2022181170A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Globodera pallida control agent |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL1711058T3 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2022-02-07 | Eden Research Plc | Methods of killing nematodes comprising the application of a terpene component |
AU2005245190B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2011-07-07 | Eden Research Plc | Compositions containing a hollow glucan particle or a cell wall particle encapsulating a terpene component, methods of making and using them |
EP1954130B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2018-06-13 | Eden Research Plc | Methods comprising terpene mixtures comprising thymol and citral |
PL2982244T3 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2021-08-09 | Eden Research Plc | Insecticidal capsules containing thymol and methods of making and using them |
GB201220940D0 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2013-01-02 | Eden Research Plc | Method P |
-
1998
- 1998-05-20 WO PCT/IE1998/000037 patent/WO1999059414A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-05-20 AT AT98924535T patent/ATE249145T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-20 DE DE69818109T patent/DE69818109T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-20 AU AU76715/98A patent/AU7671598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-20 EP EP98924535A patent/EP1085812B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DEVINE K.J. ET AL: "Resolution of natural hatch factors for goden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis.", ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, vol. 129, 1996, pages 323 - 343, XP002092025 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012148251A2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. | Uses, methods and biological compositions of the genus paecilomyces for the control, prevention and eradication of phytoparasites in solanaceae cultures |
US10070653B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2018-09-11 | Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. | Uses, methods and biological compositions of the genus Paecilomyces in the control, prevention and eradication of plant parasites in Solanaceae cultures |
WO2014092529A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Instituto De Ecología, A.C. | Biocontrol of phyto-parasitic nematodes using paecilomyces |
US9867378B2 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2018-01-16 | Instituto De Ecologia, A.C. | Biocontrol of phytoparasitic nematodes by paecilomyces |
CN108546171A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-18 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | The method that aerial fog cultivation nutrient solution combines and its spray method, aerial fog cultivation improve potato Cross fertile rate |
WO2022181170A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Globodera pallida control agent |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7671598A (en) | 1999-12-06 |
EP1085812B1 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
ATE249145T1 (en) | 2003-09-15 |
EP1085812A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
DE69818109D1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
DE69818109T2 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
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