WO1999037912A1

WO1999037912A1 - Machine, in particular electrical machine, in particular energy converter for flowing fluids and gases

Info

Publication number: WO1999037912A1
Application number: PCT/NL1999/000046
Authority: WO
Inventors: Willem Antoon Van Kampen
Original assignee: Hydroring B.V.
Priority date: 1998-01-27
Filing date: 1999-01-27
Publication date: 1999-07-29
Also published as: TR200002185T2; DE69911740D1; HUP0100373A2; CN1289391A; NO20003537D0; AU2301599A; IL137473A0; ID28339A; PL341958A1; EP1051569A1; BR9908203A; ATE251274T1; CN1109817C; CA2318282A1; EP1051569B1; PL195898B1; JP2002501150A; NO20003537L; KR20010034298A; EA200000793A1

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention is concerned with a machine comprising: an annular stator-ring; an annular rotor-ring rotatable within or outside said stator-ring, and preferably at least substantially co-axial therewith; magnetic means, preferably comprising electromagnets; optionally first means for controlling electrical currents in said electromagnets, said magnetic means being provided such that and/or said first means controlling such that attracting magnetic forces are generated between said stator-ring and said rotor-ring increasing the static and/or dynamic stability of said rotor-ring and/or stator-ring preferably substantially.

Description

MACHINE, IN PARTICULARELECTRICAL MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR ENERGY CONVERTER FOR FLOWING FLUIDS AND GASES

The invention is exemplified by an electrical machine, in particular energy conveter for flowing fluids and gasses, e.g. with a power ranging between a one or a few or tens horspower and many thousands or even more. However, the invention can be applied in other fields as well wherein e.g. two substantial coaxial rings rotate with respect to each other. When converting electrical energy in mechanical energy and vice versa when converting mechanical energy in electrical energy in rotary machines, often the shaft transporting the mechanical energy is rotating with low speed, due to the fact that in many configurations the mechanical drive or the mechanical load rotate at low speed.

An example of a system in which a slowly rotating shaft is used is given by a diesel motor driving as a load the propeller of a ship. In such a combination of elements it is sound engineering practice to apply a low speed of the shaft. Another example of a system with a slowly rotating shaft is a wind turbine driving as a load a millstone or a waterwheel.

In a conventionally built rotary electrical machine the composing parts are closely placed near a central shaft. When such machines are used, as a motor in order to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, or as a generator in order to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, a slowly rotating shaft is a disadvantage because of the low circumferential speed of the rotor versus the stator. A low circumferential speed brings about a low power density of the machine, which may make it necessary to install heavy equipment for a given power level.

In order to increase the power density of the electrical machine, one possible method is to increase the speed of the rotor with respect to the stator. A method frequently applied consists of putting between the electrical machine and a slowly rotating shaft a gearbox in such a way that the shaft of the electrical machine will rotate faster than the slowly turning shaft.

An alternative method to increase the circumferential speed of the rotor with respect to the stator consists of increasing the distance of the rotor from the shaft, providing the electrical machine as a system of two co-axial rings which rotate in relation to one another, the rings incorporating the rotor and the stator of the electrical machine, see fig.l which is taken from I. Jacobson, "De Elektriciteit en hare techniek" , Amsterdam 1905.

Such a configuration of two rings can be applied to convert the energy contained in a fluid flow or contained in a gas flow into electrical energy, or to convert electrical energy into energy in a fluid or gas flow. In these instances the configuration of figure 1 can be changed is such a way, that propeller or turbine blades take the place of the spokes of the rotorwheel, and a medium being gas or fluid flows around those blades, driving the rotor ring in rotation. Nevertheless, the central shaft remains.

A mechanical support of a central shaft of the rotorring requires mechanical parts leading outwardly from the shaft to parts connected with the statorring. In case of the propeller of a ship, e.g. a commercial ship like an oil tanker of 300 meters length or a marine vessel, the mechanical support will bring about a pulsating disturbance of the waterflow, giving rise to acoustic noise in the water and mechanical vibrations in the shaft and ship's hull. In case of generating electricity by wind or by a water flow, e.g. with a capacity of some MWatts and blades with a diameter of e.g. 20 meters, the mechanical support of a central shaft will also give rise to a pulsating disturbance in the medium and in the construction. The disturbance of even flow of the medium brings about a decrease of the efficiency of the power conversion while in many cases acoustic noise is not acceptable.

The construction of a propeller with a mechanical central shaft with bearings, unto which the motor or generator is coupled, leads to a system of propeller and generator which has has considerable dimensions in the direction of the shaft, compared with the diameter of the propeller. In many constructions this is a disadvantage. The bearings of the propeller and the motor/generator have to be in line, which make 3 it necessary to have a stiff support of bearings and motor generator, or, alternatively, include components which accept deviations in position and angle of the propeller shaft and the motor/generator shaft. Using a rotor at least partly supporting blades extending inward from said rotor and circumfleunt by the fluid or gas, e.g. such that the rotor provides a circumferentially journalled ring with large diameter compared with its length in the axial direction, would have many advantages since the central support of said blades by a shaft can be partly or completely eliminated, eliminating the necessity for said shaft, but brings about construction problems which are prohibitive when use is exclusively made of mechanical bearings.

In general a body cannot be stably supported by a magnetic field of permanent magnets if no additional stabilizing components are added. The same applies for a system of not purposly regulated electromagnets (e.g. providing a not purposly regulated magnetic field, e.g. because they are supplied by constant power). Also, it is not possible to devise a system of several permanent magnets and not purposly regulated electromagnets, which will stably support, and without mechanical contact, a body floating in the magnetic field.

The invention, as further defined in claim 1 or 4 suggests using a magnetic field for at least partly journalling such rotor with respect to its stator. On the one hand, the inventor realised that magnetic forces derived from a magnetic field may increase the static and/or dynamic stability of a rotorring and/or statorring, e.g. mechanically stiffen the rotorring and/or statorring yielding lots of advantages such as said rotorring and/or statorring can be of light weight structure. Adding stability can be in radial and/or axial direction of the rotorring or statorring. A lower limit is that the contribution of the magnetic field to the stability is distinct or beneficial. Preferably, the stability, e.g. flexural stiffness or shape stability of the rotorring and/or statorring is at least 10%, more preferably at least 20% most preferably at least 25% increased by said magnetic field. It is advantageous to have the rotorring and/or statorring as flexible as possible, such that its stability can be virtually completely defined by the magnetic field. Since blades (if used) or other parts (if used) mechanically fastened to the rotorring can add to the stability in one or both directions, it is believed that the magnetic field will give most benefits in stabilizing in the direction not stabilized by such blades. On the other hand the inventor realised that adding a control system, which reacts to the position of a body with respect to a body floating in a magnetic field by changing said magnetic field, the body can be kept in a stable floating position at least partially eliminating the need for a mechanical support of said rotorring.

When a motor/generator is built with comparitively large diameter of the rotorring and the statorring compared with the dimensions of their cross sectional dimensions or their axial dimension, a problem of mechanical stability arises. Such situation occurs when e.g. a rotorring at least partly supports blades extending inward from said rotor and flown by a fluid or gas. The local diameter of the rings may vary at different azimuths along the rings, and the rings may bend such that they do not lie in a plane. When a central mechanical shaft is applied, the mechanical stability of a large ring around a propeller becomes a further problem. The forces applied to the shaft have to be tranferred by the propeller blades to the rotorring, making it almost sure to introduce an unsolvable problem of stability. Furthermore, the mechanical components which support the shaft, will necessarily be in the way of the flow of the medium.

The invention also aims to present further solutions to several problems associated with the application of an annular motor/generator with an integrated fluid or gas driven or driving propeller or plurality of such propellors, in particular in which the diameter of the rotorring and the statorring are large compared with the dimensions of the cross section of the rotorring, see the schematic, cross sectional view of figure 2, showing a non-limiting, presently preferred embodiment of the invention. According to fig 2, the diameter of the rotorring seems small compared to its axial dimension, suggesting a high stiffness of said rotorring based on dimensions and engineering constants. However in real practise, the diameter is at least 3 times the axial dimension, preferably about at least 10 times the axial dimension of the rotorring, yielding a rather instable rotorring necessitating further stabilization for long lasting economic use. On the other hand, the rotorring can be instable at smaller diameter/axial dimension ratios if it is e.g. made of plastics material. In order to provide a solution, a rotorring (9) rotating within a stator 12 is mechanically connected to the propeller (8) driving or driven by the medium and extending inward from said rotorring (9), said rotorring comprising a rotor 7 of an electrical machine and ancres 10 of magnetic means. Said statorring comprises electromagnets (2, 3, 4, 5) of magnetic means connected to control means (not visible) and cooperating with said ancres 10 to provide axial forces and/or rotational forces around two non parallel, preferably crossing, more preferably substantially prependicular axes extending perpendicular to the main axis (11) of the rotorring (9). Also, parts of the magnetic circuits (10) may provide radial forces to control the radial position of the rotorring with regard to the statorring (12). The statorring (12) comprises the stator 6 of the electrical machine, parts of magnetic circuits (5) providing axial and rotational forces exerted on (10). Between (6) and (7) is the gap with a magnetic field of the electrical machine. Radial forces and weak axial forces are provided by parts of the magnetic circuits (2) and (3). Axial forces, rotational forces around two non coinciding axes perpendicular to the main axis of the rotorring, and weak radial forces are provided by parts of the magnetic circuits (4) and (5). The magnetic field in the gap (1) may generate radial forces when the rotorring is not exactly centered with repect to the statorring, or intentionally, when the currents in the stator and rotor of the electrical machine are not evenly distributed azimuthally.

As such, the machine as shown has no journalled central shaft and the blades 8 are merely journalled by the rotorring 9 that is merely magnetically journalled within the statorring 11. Further embodiments are feasible, e.g. in which the elements 7 and 10 do not project into the statorring 12, such that elements 4 and 5 e.g. do not project from the ring 12. Elements 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be partly or completely interchanged with respective elements 10 as well. Or the magnetic means are provided by merely the stator 6 and the rotor 7 of the electrical machine.

Claims

1. A machine comprising: an annular statorring; an annular rotorring rotatable within or outside said statorring, and preferably at least substantially co-axial therewith;magnetic means, preferably comprising electromagnets; optionally first means for controlling electrical currents in said electromagnets , said magnetic means being provided such that and/or said first means controlling such that attracting magnetic forces are generated between said statorring and said rotorring increasing the static and/or dynamic stability of said rotorring and/or statorring preferably substantially.

2. Machine according to claim 1, further comprising: the stator of an electrical machine used as a motor or as a generator, mounted in the statorring, said stator preferably comprising windings of galvanic leads, the rotor of an electrical machine, mounted in the rotorring, said rotor preferably comprising windings of galvanic leads,

3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: means for detecting the position of the rotorring or at least part thereof relative to the statorring or at least part thereof, second means for controlling the electrical currents in the electromagnets dependent on the said detection of said position, wherein the rotorring is held in a stable position in relation to the statorring in such a way, that any mechanical support of said rotorring is at least relieved, preferably benificially relieved, more preferably substantially relieved, most preferably completely eliminated by controlling the currents in the electromagnets using the data of said detecting means.

4. A machine comprising: an annular statorring, an annular rotorring rotatable within said statorring, at least one propellerblade mechanically mounted to said rotorring and extending inward from said rotorring and driven by or driving fluid or gas flowing through said 7 machine , magnetic means comprising electromagnets, means for detecting the position of the rotor relative to the stator, second means for controlling the electrical currents in the electromagnets dependent on the said detection of the rotor position, wherein the rotorring is held in a stable position in relation to the stator in such a way, that any mechanical support of said rotorring is at least relieved, preferably benificially relieved, more preferably substantially relieved, most preferably completely eliminated by controlling the currents in the electromagnets using the data of said detecting means.

5. Machine according to claim 4, said magnetic means being provided such that and/or said first means controlling such that attracting magnetic forces are generated between said statorring and said rotorring increasing the shape stability of said rotorring preferably substantially.

6. Machine according to claim 4 or 5 in the combination with the characterizing part of claim 2 and/or claim 3.

7. Machine according to any of the proceeding claims wherein the magnetic field between rotor and stator of the electrical machine adds to the forces exerted by the electromagnets and is a part of the system stabilizing the position of the rotorring with respect to the statorring, in such a way that the azimuthal distribution of the magnetic field between rotor and stator is also controlled by the data of said detecting means.

8. Machine according to any of the proceeding claims wherein the magnetic field to stabilize the position of the rotorring comprises permanent magnets also and/or the system comprises counter rotating propellors, preferably mounted to seperately rotating rotorrings.

9. Machine according to any of the preceeding claims wherein at least one propellerblade is mechanically mounted to said rotorring and extends in inward or outward direction from said rotorring and is driven by or driving fluid or gas flowing through or around said machine and/or flowing along or around or circumfluenting said blade.