WO1999030713A1 - Integrin receptor antagonists - Google Patents

Integrin receptor antagonists Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999030713A1
WO1999030713A1 PCT/US1998/026485 US9826485W WO9930713A1 WO 1999030713 A1 WO1999030713 A1 WO 1999030713A1 US 9826485 W US9826485 W US 9826485W WO 9930713 A1 WO9930713 A1 WO 9930713A1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
aryl
group
alkylsulfonylamino
alkylcarbonylamino
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PCT/US1998/026485
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark E. Duggan
James J. Perkins
Robert S. Meissner
Original Assignee
Merck & Co., Inc.
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9807384.4A external-priority patent/GB9807384D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9815803.3A external-priority patent/GB9815803D0/en
Application filed by Merck & Co., Inc. filed Critical Merck & Co., Inc.
Priority to DE69830806T priority Critical patent/DE69830806T2/en
Priority to CA002315232A priority patent/CA2315232A1/en
Priority to AT98963893T priority patent/ATE299023T1/en
Priority to JP2000538696A priority patent/JP2002508326A/en
Priority to EP98963893A priority patent/EP1044001B1/en
Priority to ES98963893T priority patent/ES2243015T3/en
Priority to AU19128/99A priority patent/AU738452B2/en
Publication of WO1999030713A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999030713A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as integrin receptor antagonists. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integrin receptors ⁇ v ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ , and/or ⁇ v ⁇ 6 and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, wound healing, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis.
  • Integrin receptors are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins through wliich cells attach and communicate with extracellular matrices and other cells (See S.B. Rodan and G.A. Rodan, "Integrin Function In Osteoclasts", Journal of Endocrinology , Vol. 154, S47- S56 (1997), which is inco.rporated by reference herein in its entirety).
  • the compounds , herein are useful for inhibiting bone resorption.
  • Bone resorption is mediated by the action of cells .known as osteoclasts.
  • Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells of up to about 400 mm in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates.
  • Osteoclasts are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone, and can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases, thereby causing the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone. More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states, namely, the secretory state and the migratory or motile state.
  • osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone matrix via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, .and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone.
  • the adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption.
  • the osteoclasts migrate across bone matrix and do not take part in resorption until they agam attach to bone.
  • Integrins are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration.
  • the most abundant integrin in osteoclasts e.g., in rat, chicken, mouse ' and human osteoclasts, is an integrin receptor .known as ⁇ v ⁇ 3, which is thought to interact in bone with matrix proteins that contain the RGD sequence.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin receptor .
  • Antibodies to ⁇ v ⁇ 3 block bone resorption in vitro indicating that this integrin plays a key role in the resorptive process.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 ligands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption in vivo in mammals.
  • osteoporosis hypercalcemia of malignancy
  • osteopenia due to bone metastases
  • periodontal disease hyperparathyroidism
  • hyperparathyroidism hyperparathyroidism
  • periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis Paget's disease
  • immobilization- induced osteopenia and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. All of these conditions are characterized by bone loss, resulting from .an imbalance between bone resorption, i.e. breakdown, and bone formation, which continues throughout life at the rate of about 14% per year on the average.
  • the rate of bone turnover differs from site to site; for example, it is higher in the trabecular bone of the vertebrae and the alveolar bone in the jaws than in the cortices of the long bones.
  • the potential for bone loss is directly related to turnover and can amount to over 5% per year in vertebrae immediately following menopause, a condition which leads to increased fracture risk.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 ligands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis, i.e. recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and angiogenesis, i.e. formation of new blood vessels.
  • restenosis i.e. recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve
  • atherosclerosis CAD
  • diabetic retinopathy macular degeneration
  • angiogenesis i.e. formation of new blood vessels.
  • angiogenesis i.e. formation of new blood vessels.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis can be useful in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumor growth (See e.g., Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157- 1164 (1994), wliich is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
  • compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovascularization by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, ⁇ v ⁇ .
  • a monoclonal antibody for ⁇ v ⁇ has been shown to inhibit VEGF- induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea .and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model (See M.C. Friedlander, et al., Science 270, 1500-1502, (1995), wliich is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
  • compounds that antagonize ⁇ v ⁇ are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth, and metastasis.
  • compounds of the instant invention can inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, ⁇ v ⁇ 6, which is expressed during the later stages of wound healing and remains expressed until the wound is closed (See Christofidou-Solomidou, et al., "Egression and Function of Endothelial Cell ⁇ v Integrin Receptors in Wound-Induced Human .Angiogenesis in Human Skin/SCID Mice Chimeras. .American Journal of Patholo ⁇ . Vol. 151, No. 4, pp. 975-983 (October 1997), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
  • ⁇ v ⁇ 6 plays a role m the remodeling of the vasculature during the later stages of angiogenesis. Also, ⁇ v ⁇ 6 participates in the modulation of epithelial 5 inflammation and is induced in response to local injury or inflammation (See .Xiao-Zhu Huang, et al., "Inactivation of the Integrin ⁇ 6 Subunit Gene Reveals a Role of Epithelial Integrins in Regulating Inflammation in the Lungs and Sl ⁇ n," Journal of Cell Biology. Vol. 133, No.4, pp. 921-928 (May 1996), which is incorporated by reference herein 10 in its entirety). Accordingly, compounds that antagonize ⁇ v ⁇ 6 are useful in treating or preventing cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.
  • certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ receptors.
  • These compounds referred to as l ⁇ "dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonists,” are useful for inl ibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, tumor growth, and metastasis.
  • certain compounds of this invention are useful 20 as mixed ⁇ v ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ , and ⁇ v ⁇ 6 receptor antagonists.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of the formula
  • W is selected from the group consisting of
  • ⁇ - or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R substituent and the ring ⁇ carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents, and
  • polycyclic ring system 10 a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system 10 has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of
  • l ⁇ X is selected from the group consisting of
  • any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and a ⁇ - or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring 20 system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
  • 2 ⁇ Y is selected from the group consisting of
  • Z is a 6-11 membered aromatic or nonaromatic mono- or polycyclic ring system having 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring system is either unsubstituted or l ⁇ substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxo or tliio substituents, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R ⁇ -0, R ⁇ , l2 nd -S, provided that Z is not phenyl or pyridyl;
  • Ri and R ⁇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci-io alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aryl, a ⁇ * yl C ⁇ -8 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-8 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino C ⁇ -8 alkyl, ⁇ (Ci-6 alkyDpamino, (Ci-6 alkyl ) p amino Ci-8 alkyl,
  • Ci-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkoxy C ⁇ _6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, C ⁇ -3 alkoxycarbonyl, C -3 a oxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl- Ci-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Ci-6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkyloxy- 0 C ⁇ -6 alkyl, mtro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, C ⁇ -8 alkyl-S(0)p, (Ci-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, C -8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (C ⁇ -8 alkyl)paminocarbonyloxy, (aryl C ⁇ -8 a ⁇ yDpamino, (- uryl)p amino, airyl Ci-8 alkylsulfonylamino, and C ⁇ .8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two Ri substituents
  • ⁇ each ⁇ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, C ⁇ - ⁇ o alkyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, 10 aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH ' )r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, l ⁇ halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl,
  • C3-8 cycloalkyl ⁇ (C ⁇ -6 alkyDpamino, amino C ⁇ -6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl C ⁇ -5 alkylamino carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, 0 aminocarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl,
  • CH 2 CH-(CH2)f
  • ⁇ C ⁇ -6 alkyl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl C ⁇ _6 aikyl, arylsulfonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aryl C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl, 0 aryl C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl C ⁇ _6 alkyl,
  • C ⁇ -6 alkylthiocarbonylarmno C ⁇ -6 alkylthiocarbonylarmno, C ⁇ -6 alkylthiocarbonylam ⁇ no C ⁇ -6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino C ⁇ _6 alkyl, aryl C ⁇ -6 alkyltl iocarbonylamino, 0 aryl C ⁇ -6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino C ⁇ _6 alkyl,
  • each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, aminocarbonyl,
  • R5 and R ⁇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
  • Ci-io alkyl aryl, aryl-(CH2) r -0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0) p -(CH 2 )s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH 2 )r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
  • C ⁇ -6 alkylaryl-CH CH-(CH2)t-, 10 C ⁇ -6 alkyl-S0 2 -(CH2)t-,
  • aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and (aryl C ⁇ _8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl C -6 alkyl; or R5 and R ⁇ are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R ⁇ or R ⁇ are either unsubstituted or 5 substituted with one to three R l substituents, and provided that each R ⁇ and R6 are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R ⁇ and R ⁇ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
  • R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ . ⁇ o alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH 2 )s-, 15 aryl-(CH 2 )rS(0) p -(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH 2 )r-C(0)-(CH2) s -, aryl-(CH 2 )r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH 2 )s-, aryl-(CH 2 )r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH 2 )s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH 2 )s-,
  • arylaminocarbonyl aryl C ⁇ -5 alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl,
  • R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C ⁇ -8 alkyl,
  • RlO , RU, Rl2 , and Rl3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 25 C ⁇ -8 alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, 30. aminocarbonyl,
  • arylpaminosulfonyl (aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminosulfonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, 0 aryl C ⁇ -6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl C ⁇ -6 alkylcarbonyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, aryl C ⁇ -6 alkyltMocarbonyl, ⁇ aryl-(CH 2 )r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0) p -(CH 2 )s-, aryl-(CH 2 )r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH 2 )r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, 0 aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH 2 )s-,
  • HC C-(CH 2 )t-, C ⁇ -6 alkyl-C ⁇ C-(CH 2 )t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-C ⁇ C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C ⁇ C-(CH2)t-, C ⁇ -6 alkylaryl-C ⁇ C-(CH2)t-,
  • the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and a pha.rmaceutically acceptable carrier. 20
  • the present invention also relates to methods for mal ng the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
  • the present invention also relates to methods for eliciting an integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the 2 ⁇ present invention.
  • the present invention also relates to methods for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth, and metastasis by administering the 30. compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
  • the present invention also relates to methods for treating osteoporosis by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention relates to compounds useful as integrin receptor antagonists.
  • Representative compounds of the present invention are described by the following chemical formula:
  • W is selected from the group consisting of
  • a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl l ⁇ substituents, and
  • a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of 20 N, O, and S, and wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
  • 2 ⁇ X is selected from the group consisting of
  • any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and a ⁇ - or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon ⁇ atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of
  • any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R4, can be substituted by one or two R ⁇ substituents;
  • Z is a 6-11 membered aromatic or nonaromatic mono- or polycyclic 0 ring system having 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxo or thio substituents, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of RlO, RU, R 2 and ⁇ Rl3, provided that Z is not phenyl or pyridyl;
  • Rl and R ⁇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ . ⁇ o alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aryl, aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyl, amino, ⁇ amino C ⁇ -8
  • C ⁇ -6 alkyl nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, C ⁇ -8 alkyl-S(0)p, (C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, C ⁇ -8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, (aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyDpamino, (aryl)pamino, aryl C ⁇ -8 l ⁇ alkylsulfonylamino, and C ⁇ -8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two Rl substituents, when on the same carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group;
  • each R ⁇ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
  • ⁇ each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, aminocarbonyl,
  • R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 2 ⁇ hydrogen
  • CH2 CH-(CH2)t-
  • C ⁇ -6 alkyl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • aryl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • C ⁇ -6 alkylaryl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • R? and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 25 hydrogen
  • CH2 CH-(CH2)t-
  • C ⁇ _6 alkyl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • aryl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • C ⁇ -6 alkylaryl-CH CH-(CH2)t-
  • R is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ hydrogen
  • RlO , Rll, Rl2 t and Rl3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
  • arylpamino (aryl)pamino, (aryl)pamino C ⁇ -6 alkyl, (aryl C ⁇ -6 alkyDpamino, (aiyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl)pa.mino C ⁇ -6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl C ⁇ - ⁇ alkylcarbonyloxy, (C ⁇ -6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, C ⁇ -8 alkylsulfonylamino, ⁇ arylsulfonylamino,
  • aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and l ⁇ aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, wherein any of the a ⁇ yl groups of RlO, RU, R12, and 3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
  • W is preferably a 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms wherein each carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent, or a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents.
  • W is selected from the group consisting of
  • X is preferably -(CH2)v- > wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents.
  • X is a direct bond, that is, v is 0.
  • Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of
  • Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of
  • Rl and 2 are ⁇ preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, O ⁇ .
  • Mot e preferably, Rl and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ - ⁇ o alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl,
  • R3 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, l ⁇ fluoro, trifluoromethyl, aryl,
  • B ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, aryl, 0 C ⁇ _8 alkyl, arylC ⁇ -6 alkyl hydroxyl, oxo, and arylamino carb onyl .
  • the compounds of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, 10 C3-8 cycloalkyl,
  • R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
  • R6 is hydrogen and R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 10 aryl,
  • R ⁇ , R ⁇ , and R8 are each hydrogen and R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of 0 hydrogen, aryl,
  • R? and ⁇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of 0' hydrogen, aryl, C ⁇ -8 alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, C ⁇ -8 alkylsulfonylamino, ⁇ arylsulfonylamino,
  • R ⁇ is hydrogen and R ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
  • R ⁇ , R6 ; and R8 are each hydrogen and I is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 20 aryl,
  • R is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
  • R9 is hydrogen
  • RlO, RU, R!2 ⁇ ⁇ and R 3 are preferably each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C ⁇ -8 alkyl.
  • RlO, RU, Rl2, and R 3 are hydrogen.
  • n is preferably an integer from 0 to 4, more preferably from 0 to 3.
  • r is preferably an integer from 1 to 2.
  • s is preferably l ⁇ an integer from 0 to 2.
  • t is preferably an integer from 0 to 2, more preferably from 0 to 1.
  • v is preferably 0.
  • the 20 compounds have the formula with the following designated stereochemistry:
  • Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of compounds of the present invention that are useful as integrin receptor antagonists are the following: 0 ethyl 3(S)-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3- ⁇ 2-oxo-3-[3-( ⁇ ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl ⁇ -propionate;
  • salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.”
  • Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, ⁇
  • Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid.
  • Representative salts include the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate,
  • suitable phairmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts.
  • alkali metal salts e.g., sodium or potassium salts
  • alkaline earth metal salts e.g., calcium or magnesium salts
  • suitable organic ligands e.g., quaternary ammonium salts.
  • the compounds of the present invention can have chiral centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, diastereomeric miaXtures, and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention.
  • the present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of ⁇ the compounds of this invention.
  • prodrugs will be
  • administering shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with 5 the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient.
  • Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 198 ⁇ , 10 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the l ⁇ biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician.
  • integrated receptor antagonist refers to a compound which binds to and antagonizes either the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 receptor, the ⁇ v ⁇ receptor, or the ⁇ v ⁇ 6 receptor, or a compound which 0 binds to and antagonizes combinations of these receptors (for example, a dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ receptor antagonist).
  • bone resorption refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone.
  • alkyr shall mean straight or branched chain ⁇ alkanes of one to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, etc.).
  • alkenyl shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this 0 range.
  • alkynyl shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.
  • cycloalkyl shall mean cyclic rings of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl).
  • cycloheteroalkyl shall mean a ⁇ 3- to 8-membered fully saturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, O or S.
  • cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl.
  • alkoxy refers to straight or 10 branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified (e.g., C ⁇ -5 alkoxy), or any number within this range (i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
  • aryl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic system comprising at least one aromatic ring, wherein the l ⁇ monocylic or polycyclic system contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, or S, and wherein the monocylic or polycylic system is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Cl-l ⁇ alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Cl-8 alkyl, amino, amino C ⁇ -8 alkyl, C ⁇ -3
  • acylamino C ⁇ _3 acylamino C ⁇ -8 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkylamino, C ⁇ -6 alkylamino C ⁇ -8 alkyl, C ⁇ _6 dialkylamino, C ⁇ -6 dialkylamino-C ⁇ -8 alkyl, C ⁇ -4 alkoxy, C ⁇ -4 alkoxy C ⁇ -6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, O ⁇ . 5 alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ -3 alkoxycarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl C ⁇ -6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy C ⁇ -6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or O ⁇ .
  • aryl examples include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, tMenyl, furyl, pyrryl, pyrazolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzo(l,3) dioxolane, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazol l, wliich are either unsubstituted or substituted
  • the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted with one to four of the above-named substituents; more preferably, the aryl group 5 is unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tri-substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents; most preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above- named substituents.
  • alkyl or aryl or either of their prefix 10 roots appear in a name of a substituent (e.g., aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyl) it shall be inteirpreted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl” and "aryl.”
  • Designated numbers of carbon atoms e.g., C ⁇ . ⁇ o shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl
  • arylalkyl and “alkylaryl” include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above.
  • arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenylethyl,
  • alkylaryl examples include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyridine, ethylpyridine, propylpyridine and butylpyridine.
  • substituents when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group.
  • two ⁇ R ⁇ substituents when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group.
  • R5 and R ⁇ can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group.
  • halogen shall include iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine.
  • oxy means an oxygen (0) atom.
  • thio means a sulfur (S) atom.
  • substituted shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different. Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the ternnnal portion of the designated side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent .functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a Cl- ⁇ alkylcarbonylamino C ⁇ -6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to
  • Representative compounds of the present invention typically display submicromolar affinity for the integrin receptors, particularly
  • Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffering from a bone condition caused or mediated by increased bone resorption, who are in need of such therapy.
  • Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, 5 including pharamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit the activity of mammalian osteoclasts.
  • the compounds of the present invention are administered in dosages effective to antagonize the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of 10 osteoporosis.
  • the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect.
  • An illustration of the invention is the method wherein the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, l ⁇ restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis.
  • the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption.
  • an example of the invention is the method wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing effect. 20 More specifically, the ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, tumor growth, or metastasis.
  • the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is a dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing ⁇ effect. More particularly, the dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing effect is selected from inJhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis.
  • the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is the 5 inhibition of bone resorption.
  • composition comprising any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutical composition made by
  • FIG. 10 Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • FIG. 10 Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • l ⁇ Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating and/or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above.
  • the condition is selected from bone
  • the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer. Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis.
  • More specifically exempli.fying the invention is a method of eliciting an integrin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • the integrin antagonizing 0 effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect; more specifically, the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagomzing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, .inhibition of macular degeneration, inliibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, or 5 inhibition of tumor growth or metastasis. Most preferably, the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone resorption.
  • the integrin antagonizing effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing effect, an ⁇ v ⁇ 6 antagonizing effect, or a mixed ⁇ v ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ , and ⁇ v ⁇ 6 antagonizing effect.
  • ⁇ v ⁇ antagonizing effects are inhibition of ⁇ restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, or tumor growth.
  • dual ⁇ v ⁇ 6 antagonizing effects are inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammatory response and wound healing.
  • Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of l ⁇ treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization- induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically 0 effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
  • More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a ⁇ mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of bone resorption, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and/or 0, angiogenesis.
  • compositions further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a.) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, ⁇ b.) an estrogen receptor modulator, c.) a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, d.) a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, e.) an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet-derived growth factors, 5 f.) an inhibitor of VEGF, g.) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1, h.) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and i.) a prenylation inhibitor, such as a farnesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual 10 farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; and mixtures thereof.
  • an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a.) an organic bisphospho
  • the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: a.) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, 20 b.) an estrogen receptor modulator, and c.) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and mixtures thereof.
  • Nonlimiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
  • a particularly 2 ⁇ preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
  • Nonlimiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progesterin, estradiol, droloxifene, raloxifene, and tamoxifene. 30.
  • Nonlaimiting examples of cytotoxic/antiproliferative agents are taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin.
  • Cathepsin K formerly .known as cathepsin 02, is a cysteine protease and is described in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 96/13 ⁇ 23, published May 9, 1996; U.S. Patent No. ⁇ ,501,969, 3 ⁇ issued March 3, 1996; and U.S. Patent No. ⁇ ,736,3 ⁇ 7, issued April 7, 1998, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Cysteine proteases, specifically cathepsins, are linked to a number of disease conditions, such as tumor metastasis, inflammation, arthritis, and bone remodeling. At acidic pH's, cathepsins can degrade type-I 5 collagen.
  • Cathepsin protease inhibitors can inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting the degradation of collagen fibers and are thus useful in the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis.
  • the present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in
  • the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents such as an organic bisphosphonate ' , ' an estrogen receptor modulator, or a cathepsin K inhibitor.
  • agents such as an organic bisphosphonate ' , ' an estrogen receptor modulator, or a cathepsin K inhibitor.
  • Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described above and one or more agents known to be cytoto.xic/antiproliferative. .Also, the compounds of the present invention
  • integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonist compounds of the present invention may be effectively administered in combination with a growth hormone secretagogue in the therapeutic or prophylactic
  • osteoporosis including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid induced and senile
  • osteodystrophy including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid induced and senile
  • Paget's disease including myositis ossificans
  • Bechterew's disease malignant
  • Increased bone resorption can be accompanied by pathologically high calcium and phosphate concentrations in the plasma, which would ⁇ be alleviated by this treatment.
  • the present invention would be useful in increasing bone mass in patients with growth hormone deficiency.
  • preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 receptor antagonist of the present invention and a growth hormone secretagogue, optionally including a
  • third component comprising an organic bisphosphonate, preferably alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
  • the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or l ⁇ concurrently in divided or single combination forms.
  • the instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment, and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents
  • integrin-mediated conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition usefiil for treating osteoporosis.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of
  • the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including ⁇ type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed.
  • An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of
  • Oral dosages of the present invention when used for the indicated effects', will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10
  • compositions are preferably provided in the fo ⁇ n of tablets containing 0.01, O.O ⁇ , 0.1, O. ⁇ , 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
  • a medicament 0.01, O.O ⁇ , 0.1, O. ⁇ , 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
  • the 20 typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient.
  • the most prefe.rred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion.
  • compounds of the present invention may be
  • prefe.rred compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal
  • 'carrier' materials suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as 'carrier' materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the 5 like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate,
  • an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate,
  • the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ' ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
  • suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents such as glycerol, water and the like.
  • Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like.
  • Lubricants used in these dosage fo.rms
  • Disintegrators 20 include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
  • Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be any organic compound having the same side chain length.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be any organic compound having the same side chain length.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • soluble polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-
  • the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • BOP Benzotriazol-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino)- phosphonium hexafluorophosphate.
  • CDI Carbonyldiimidazole.
  • DIAD Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
  • DIBAL-H Diisobutylaluminum hydride.
  • DIPEA Dusopropylethylamine.
  • DMAP 4-Dimethylaminopyridine .
  • HOAc Acetic acid
  • HOAT l-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole 5
  • HOBT 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole.
  • IBCF Isobutylchloroformate
  • LDA Lithium diisopropylamide.
  • MMNG l,l-methyl-3-nitro-l-nitrosoguanidine NEt3 Triethylamine.
  • NMM N-methylmorpholine
  • Pd/C Palladium on activated carbon catalyst.
  • Ph Phenyl. pTSA p-Toluenesulfonic acid.
  • TEA Triethylamine
  • TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
  • THF Tetrahydrofuran
  • TLC Thin Layer Chromatography.
  • TMEDA N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine.
  • novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedure of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples.
  • the compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention.
  • the following examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that .known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
  • N-Benzyl-(R)- ⁇ -methylbenzyl-3(S)-fluorophenyl- ⁇ -alanine ethyl ester (1-3) l ⁇
  • N-benzyl-(R)- ⁇ -methylbenzylamine (33.4 g, l ⁇ 8 mmol) in THF (4 ⁇ 0 mL) at 0°C
  • n-butyllithium (1.6M in hex.anes; 99 mL, l ⁇ 8 mmol).
  • the dark violet solution was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes, cooled to -78°C and the ester
  • Analytical and preparative HPLC was carried out using a Waters 600E Powerline Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0.1 m heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode .Array Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector.
  • a Nydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 2 ⁇ 0 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column.
  • the acetonitrile used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade.
  • the HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector.
  • a Nydac C-18 protein and peptide column, 3.9 x 2 ⁇ 0 mm was used for analytical and preparative HPLC. Solutions of radioactivity were concentrated using a Speedvac vacuum centrifuge. Calibration curves and chemical concentrations were determined using a Hewlett Packard Model 84 ⁇ 2A UN/Vis Diode .Array Spectrophotometer. Sample radioactivities were determined in a Packard A ⁇ 30 gamma counter.
  • test procedures employed to measure ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are described below.
  • osteoclasts When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they can cause the formation o ' pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon. Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit l ⁇ osteoclasts, it is usefiil to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these resorption pits when the inhibiting compound is present.
  • Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a 6 mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis are cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, 11). Bone slices are pooled, placed 20 in a 10% ethanol solution and refrigerated until further use.
  • bovine bone slices Prior to experimentation, bovine bone slices are ultrasonicated twice, 20 minutes each in H2O. Cleaned slices are placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either triplicate or
  • Hare are dissected, cleaned of soft tissue and placed in ⁇ MEM containing 20 mM HEPES.
  • the bones are minced using scissors until the pieces are ⁇ 1 mm and transferred to a ⁇ O ml tube in a volume of 2 ⁇ ml.
  • the tube is rocked gently by hand for 60 cycles, the tissue is sedimented for 1 min., and the supernatant is removed. .Another 2 ⁇ ml
  • 3 ⁇ of medium is added to the tissue and rocked again.
  • the second supernatant is combined with the first.
  • the number of cells is counted excluding erythrocytes (typically ⁇ 2 x 10? cells/ml).
  • a cell suspension consisting of 5 x l ⁇ 6/ml in ⁇ MEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 10 nM l,2 ⁇ (OH)2D3, and pencillin-streptomycin is prepared. 200 ml
  • Bovine bone slices are exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs and are processed for staining.
  • Tissue culture media is removed from each bone slice: -Each well is washed with 200 ml of H2O, and the bone slices are then fixed for 20 minutes in 2. ⁇ % glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M l ⁇ cacodylate, pH 7.4. After fixation, any remaining cellular debris is removed by 2 min. ultrasonication in the presence of 0.25 M .NH4OH followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasonication in H2O. The bone slices are immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax. 20 After the bone slices have dried, resorption pits are counted in test and control slices.
  • Resorption pits are viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikon) fluorescence microscope using a polarizing Nikon IGS filter cube. Test dosage results are compared with controls and resulting IC50 values are determined for each compound tested. ⁇ The appropriateness of extrapolating data from this assay to mammalian (including human) disease states is supported by the teaching found in Sato, M., et a!., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.31-40, 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp.
  • the unbound and the bound ⁇ v ⁇ 3 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester.
  • the filters prewet in 1.5% poly- ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 5 mM Tris HCI, ImM CaCl2/MgCl2, pH 7.2).
  • the filter was then counted in a gamma counter.
  • Purified integrin receptor ⁇ 3 was purified from 293 cells overexpressing ⁇ v ⁇ 3 (Duong et al., J. Bone Min. Res., S:S378,
  • Binding buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM
  • Osteoblast-like cells (1.8 cells), originally derived from mouse calvaria, were plated in CORNING 24 well tissue culture plates in ⁇ MEM medium containing ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides, 10% fetal bovine se.rum and penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were seeded at 40,000/well in the morning. In the afternoon, bone marrow cells were prepared from six week old male Balb/C mice as follows: Mice were sacrificed, tibiae removed and placed in the above medium. The ends were cut off and the marrow was flushed out of the cavity into a tube with a 1 mL syringe with a 27.5 gauge needle. The marrow was suspended by pipetting up and down.
  • the suspension was passed through >100 ⁇ m nylon cell strainer. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 350 x g for seven minutes. The pellet was resuspended, .and a sample was diluted in 2% acetic acid to lyse the red cells. The remaining cells were counted in a hemacytometer. The cells were pelleted and resuspended at 1 x 10 ⁇ cells/mL. ⁇ O ⁇ L was added to each well of 1.8 cells to yield ⁇ 0,000 cells/well and l,2 ⁇ -dihydroxy-vitamin 5 D3 (D3) was added to each well to a final concentration of 10 nM. The cultures were incubated at 37°C in a humidified, 5% CO2 atmosphere.
  • test compounds were added with fresh medium containing D3 to quadruplicate wells. Compounds were added again after 48 h with 10 fresh medium containing D3. .After an additional 48 h., the medium was removed, cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in phosphate- buffered saline for 10 minutes at room temperature, followed by a 1-2 minute treatment with ethanohacetone (1:1) and air dried.
  • the cells were then stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase as follows: l ⁇ The cells were stained for 10-15 minutes at room temperature with 50 mM acetate buffer, pH 5.0 containing 30 mM sodium tartrate, 0.3 mg/mL Fast Red Violet LB Salt and 0.1 mg/mL Naphthol AS -MX phosphate. After staining, the plates were washed extensively with deionized water and air dried. The number of
  • Test compounds were prepared as a series of dilutions at 2X concentrations and added as ⁇ O ⁇ l/well. Cell suspension was then added as ⁇ O ⁇ l/well. Plates were incubated at 37°C with 55 C ⁇ 2 for 1 hour to allow attachment. 0 4. Non-adherent cells were removed by gently washing the plates (3X) with DPBS and then incubated with glucosaminidase substrate solution (100 ⁇ l/well), overnight at room temperature in the dark. To quantitate cell numbers, standard curve of glucosaminidase activity was 5 determined for each experiment by adding samples of cell suspension directly to wells containing the enzyme substrate solution, ⁇ . The next day, the reaction was developed by addition of 185 ⁇ l/well of glycine/EDTA solution and reading absorbance at 0 405 nm using a Molecular Devices V-Max plate reader.
  • 100 mg of a compound of the present invention are formulated with sufficient finely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg to fill a size O hard gel capsule.
  • Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and found to bind to human ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin. These compounds are generally found to have IC50 values less than about 100 nM in the SPA assay.
  • Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and generally found to inhibit ⁇ 0% the attachment of ⁇ v ⁇ expressing cells Jo plates coated with vitronectin at concentrations of about 1 ⁇ M. While the invention has been described and illustrated in reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, effective dosages other than the prefeired doses as set forth hereinabove may be applicable as a consequence of variations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for severity of bone disorders caused by resorption, or for other indications for the compounds of the invention indicated above.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as integrin receptor antagonists. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integrin receptors αξβ3, αξβ5, and/or αξβ6 and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, wound healing, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION INTEGRIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present invention is related to U.S. provisional applications Serial No. 60/069,909, filed December 17, 1997; 60/083,250, filed April 27, 1998; and 60/092,630, filed July 13, 1998; the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as integrin receptor antagonists. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integrin receptors αvβ3, αvβδ, and/or αvβ6 and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, wound healing, viral disease, tumor growth, and metastasis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is believed that a wide variety of disease states and conditions can be mediated by acting on integrin receptors and that integrin receptor antagonists represent a useful class of drugs. Integrin receptors are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins through wliich cells attach and communicate with extracellular matrices and other cells (See S.B. Rodan and G.A. Rodan, "Integrin Function In Osteoclasts", Journal of Endocrinology , Vol. 154, S47- S56 (1997), which is inco.rporated by reference herein in its entirety).
In one aspect of the present invention, the compounds , herein are useful for inhibiting bone resorption. Bone resorption is mediated by the action of cells .known as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells of up to about 400 mm in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates. Osteoclasts are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone, and can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases, thereby causing the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone. More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states, namely, the secretory state and the migratory or motile state. In the secretory state, osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone matrix via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, .and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone. The adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption. In the migratory or motile state, the osteoclasts migrate across bone matrix and do not take part in resorption until they agam attach to bone.
Integrins are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration. The most abundant integrin in osteoclasts, e.g., in rat, chicken, mouse'and human osteoclasts, is an integrin receptor .known as αvβ3, which is thought to interact in bone with matrix proteins that contain the RGD sequence. .Antibodies to αvβ3 block bone resorption in vitro indicating that this integrin plays a key role in the resorptive process. There is increasing evidence to suggest that αvβ3 ligands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption in vivo in mammals. The current major bone diseases of public concern are osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization- induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. All of these conditions are characterized by bone loss, resulting from .an imbalance between bone resorption, i.e. breakdown, and bone formation, which continues throughout life at the rate of about 14% per year on the average. However, the rate of bone turnover differs from site to site; for example, it is higher in the trabecular bone of the vertebrae and the alveolar bone in the jaws than in the cortices of the long bones. The potential for bone loss is directly related to turnover and can amount to over 5% per year in vertebrae immediately following menopause, a condition which leads to increased fracture risk.
In the United States, there are currently about 20 million people with detectable fractures of the vertebrae due to osteoporosis. In addition, there are about 250,000 hip fractures per year attributed to osteoporosis. This clinical situation is associated with a 12% mortality rate within the first two years, while 30% of the patients require nursing home care after the fracture. Individuals suffering from all the conditions listed above would benefit from treatment with agents which inhibit bone resorption.
Additionally, αvβ3 ligands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis, i.e. recurrence of stenosis after corrective surgery on the heart valve, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and angiogenesis, i.e. formation of new blood vessels. Moreover, it has been postulated that the growth of tumors depends on an adequate blood supply, which in turn is dependent on the growth of new vessels into the tumor; thus, inhibition of angiogenesis can cause tumor regression in animal models (See Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 12th ed., 1991, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Therefore, αvβ3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis can be useful in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumor growth (See e.g., Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157- 1164 (1994), wliich is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Moreover, compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovascularization by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, αvβδ. A monoclonal antibody for αvβδ has been shown to inhibit VEGF- induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea .and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model (See M.C. Friedlander, et al., Science 270, 1500-1502, (1995), wliich is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Thus, compounds that antagonize αvβδ are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth, and metastasis.
Additionally, compounds of the instant invention can inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation by acting as antagonists of the integrin receptor, αvβ6, which is expressed during the later stages of wound healing and remains expressed until the wound is closed (See Christofidou-Solomidou, et al., "Egression and Function of Endothelial Cell αv Integrin Receptors in Wound-Induced Human .Angiogenesis in Human Skin/SCID Mice Chimeras. .American Journal of Patholo^. Vol. 151, No. 4, pp. 975-983 (October 1997), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). It is postulated that αvβ6 plays a role m the remodeling of the vasculature during the later stages of angiogenesis. Also, αvβ6 participates in the modulation of epithelial 5 inflammation and is induced in response to local injury or inflammation (See .Xiao-Zhu Huang, et al., "Inactivation of the Integrin β6 Subunit Gene Reveals a Role of Epithelial Integrins in Regulating Inflammation in the Lungs and Slάn," Journal of Cell Biology. Vol. 133, No.4, pp. 921-928 (May 1996), which is incorporated by reference herein 10 in its entirety). Accordingly, compounds that antagonize αvβ6 are useful in treating or preventing cancer by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.
In'addition, certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the αvβ3 and αvβδ receptors. These compounds, referred to as lδ "dual αvβ3/αvβ5 antagonists," are useful for inl ibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, tumor growth, and metastasis.
In addition, certain compounds of this invention are useful 20 as mixed αvβ3, αvβδ, and αvβ6 receptor antagonists.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide compounds which are useful as integrin receptor antagonists.
It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds wliich are useful as αvβ3 receptor antagonists. 2δ It is .another object of the present invention to provide compounds which are useful as αvβδ receptor antagonists.
It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds which are useful as αvβό receptor antagonists.
It is another object of the present invention to provide 30. compounds which are useful as dual αvβ3/αvβδ receptor antagonists.
It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds which .are useful as mixed αvβ3, αvβδ, and αvβ6 receptor antagonists.
It is another object of the present invention to provide 3δ pharmaceutical compositions comprising integrin receptor antagonists. It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
It is another object of the present invention to provide 5 methods for eliciting an integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for inhibiting bone 10 resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.
It is another object of the present invention to provide compounds and pha.rmaceutical compositions useful for treating lδ osteoporosis.
It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. 20 It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for treating osteoporosis.
These and other objects will become readily apparent from the detailed description which follows.
δ SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein W is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000007_0002
- δ - a δ- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R substituent and the ring δ carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents, and
a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system 10 has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of
N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one R^- substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
lδ X is selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2)v, wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and a δ- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring 20 system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
2δ Y is selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2)m-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-,
Figure imgf000008_0001
30 -(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-SO-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-S02-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -, δ -(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -, and -(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R , c.an be substituted by one or two R^ substituents;
10
Z is a 6-11 membered aromatic or nonaromatic mono- or polycyclic ring system having 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring system is either unsubstituted or lδ substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxo or tliio substituents, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R^-0, R^, l2 nd -S, provided that Z is not phenyl or pyridyl;
0 Ri and R^ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci-io alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl Cχ-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl, aι*yl Cχ-8 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-8 alkyl, Ci-3 acylamino, Ci-3 acylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, δ (Ci-6 alkyDpamino, (Ci-6 alkyl )pamino Ci-8 alkyl,
Ci-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkoxy Cχ_6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, Cχ-3 alkoxycarbonyl, C -3 a oxycarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl- Ci-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Ci-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkyloxy- 0 Cχ-6 alkyl, mtro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, Cχ-8 alkyl-S(0)p, (Ci-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, C -8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyl)paminocarbonyloxy, (aryl Cχ-8 a^yDpamino, (-=uryl)p amino, airyl Ci-8 alkylsulfonylamino, and Cχ.8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two Ri substituents, when on the same carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group;
δ each Ηβ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, Cχ-χo alkyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, 10 aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH' )r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, lδ halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl,
Cl-8 alkyl carbonylamino, 0 aryl Cl-5 alkoxy,
Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyl )paminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl, δ (Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-5 alkylamino carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, 0 aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
HCsC-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)f, δ Cχ-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, 10 Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpaπώio Cχ-6 alkyl, lδ (aryl)pamino,
(aryl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, 0 a^l Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cχ-6 alkyl )paminocarbonyloxy, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino ,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 sUkyl, δ arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, 0 • aryloxycarbonylam.no Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl, δ (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyl )paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(ajryl Cχ-8 alkyl)paminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ_8 alkyl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl,
10 aininosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ_8 alkyl)paminosulfonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ.β alkyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, lδ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ.β alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ_6 aikyl, arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, 0 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alakylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, δ aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonylarmno, Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonylamάno Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltl iocarbonylamino, 0 aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 .alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ.β alkyl; or two R3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ are either unsubstituted or δ substituted with one to three R^ substituents, and provided that each R^ is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R^ is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
10 each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, aminocarbonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl, lδ amino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)p aminocarbonyl,
(aryl Cχ-δ alkyDpaminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkyl, 0 aryl C 1-6 alkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyDpam o C2-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl, 5 aryloxycarbonyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, 0 (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, amino sulfonyl,
Cχ-8 alkylaminosulfonyl,
( aryDpamino sulfonyl ,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylCl-6 .alkylsulfonyl, Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, aryltliiocarbonyl, and aryl Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R4 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
R5 and Rβ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Ci-io alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy,
Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyl )p£iminocarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
C3-8 cycloalkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cχ.6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, .aryl Cχ-5 alkylainino carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydro xycarb onyl , hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, HOC-(CH2)t-, Cχ_6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, 5 CH2=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, 10 Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, . Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6' alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl, lδ (Cχ-6 alkyDpammo Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)pamino,
(aryl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(airyl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyl )pamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
20 arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyl oxy, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino,
2δ Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
30. Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Ci-8 εdkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyl)p aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, 10 (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 a.lkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, lδ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aj-yl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 aiyl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and (aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl C -6 alkyl; or R5 and Rδ are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ or R^ are either unsubstituted or 5 substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each R^ and R6 are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
10 R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cχ.χo alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, 15 aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-,
20 halogen, hydroxyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy, Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl, 25 (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, (Cχ-6 alkyDpammo, amino Cχ-6 alkyl,
30. arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-5 alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, 5 aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ_6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, 10 aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ.6 alkyl-Sθ2-(CH2)t-,
Cχ_6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkoxy, lδ aryl Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)pamino,
(aryl)pa ino Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino,
(aryl Cχ_6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, ai l Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, δ Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, arylsulfonylamino , Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, (Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 10 (aιryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ.'8" alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-g alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cχ-g alkyl, lδ (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 20 Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ_6 alkyl, 2δ Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, 30. Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyl)paminocarbonyl,
(aryl C -8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, and 5 C7-20 polycyclyl Cθ-8 alkylsulfonylamino; wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ and R^ are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each R^and R^ are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than 10 one heteroatom;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; Cχ-8 alkyl,
15 aryl, aryl Cχ-8 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyloxy Cχ_4 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyloxy Cχ_4 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylaminocarbonyhnethylene, and 20 Cχ-8 dialkylaminocarbonylmethylene;
RlO , RU, Rl2 , and Rl3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 25 Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, 30. aminocarbonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl, amino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl, hydroxy carb onyl , (aryl Cχ-5 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkyl, (Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 5 (aryl Cχ-6 alkyl)pamino C2-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonyl, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryl Cχ_8 alkoxycarbonyl,
10 Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, lδ Cχ-8 alkylaminosulfonyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonyl, Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, 0 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltMocarbonyl, δ aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, 0 aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-,
HC=C-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, δ aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, 10 aryl Cl-δ alkoxy,
Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, lδ aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkoxy, aiyl Cχ-6 alkoxy,
( aryl )p amino,
(aryl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 20 (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ_6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, 25 Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino C -6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, 30. aiyl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
C -8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ.β alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 ε-lkyl)paminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, 10 (aiyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminosulfbnylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ_8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, lδ (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ_8 alkyPpajninosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ_6 alkylsulfonyl, 0 C χ-6 alkylsulfonyl C χ_6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ.6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, 5 Cχ_6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aiylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, 0 Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl, arylt ocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ.g alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ.β alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ.6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl C -6 alkyl; wherein any of the alkyl groups of RlO, RU, 2, and 3 are either δ unsubstituted or substituted with to three Rl substituents;
wherein each m is independently an integer from 0 to 6; each n is independently an integer from 0 to 6; 10 each p is independently an integer from 0 to 2; each r is independently an integer from 1 to 3; each s is independently an integer from 0 to 3; each t is an integer from 0 to 3; and v is independently an integer from 0 to 6; lδ and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and a pha.rmaceutically acceptable carrier. 20 The present invention also relates to methods for mal ng the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
The present invention also relates to methods for eliciting an integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the 2δ present invention.
The present invention also relates to methods for inhibiting bone resorption, restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth, and metastasis by administering the 30. compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods for treating osteoporosis by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds useful as integrin receptor antagonists. Representative compounds of the present invention are described by the following chemical formula:
Figure imgf000025_0001
wherein W is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000025_0002
10 a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl lδ substituents, and
a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of 20 N, O, and S, and wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
2δ X is selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2)v-> wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and a δ- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon δ atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
Y is selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2)m-, 10 -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-,
Figure imgf000026_0001
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n->
-(CH2)m-SO-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-S02-(CH2)n-, lδ -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -, 20 -(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-NR4 -(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -, and
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -;
δ wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R4, can be substituted by one or two R^ substituents;
Z is a 6-11 membered aromatic or nonaromatic mono- or polycyclic 0 ring system having 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxo or thio substituents, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of RlO, RU, R 2 and δ Rl3, provided that Z is not phenyl or pyridyl; Rl and R^ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cχ.χo alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl Cχ-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl Cχ-8 alkyl, amino, δ amino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-3 acylamino, Cχ-3 acylamino Cχ.8 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, (Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-4 .alkoxy, Cχ.4 alkoxy Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-3 alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ-3 alkoxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl - 10 Cχ-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkyloxy-
Cχ-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, Cχ-8 alkyl-S(0)p, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, Cχ-8 alkyloxycarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpamino, (aryl)pamino, aryl Cχ-8 lδ alkylsulfonylamino, and Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two Rl substituents, when on the same carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group;
20 each R^ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
Cχ-χo alkyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, δ aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-} aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, 0 . halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl ,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
2δ - aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy, Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, δ C3-8 cycloalkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cχ.ρ alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-5 alkylaminocarbonyl,
10 aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-, lδ Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ.6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, 20 Cχ_6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ_6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-Sθ2-(CH2)t-, 2δ Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 30. ( aryl )p amino,
(aryl)paπτino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cχ-6 alkyDpajninocarbonyloxy, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino , δ Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ.g alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
10 Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-g "alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ_8 alkylcarbonylamino, lδ Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aiyl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino C .Q alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, 0 (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alliyDpaiiiinocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 5 amino sulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aiyl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, 0 (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aiyl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ_6 arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-β alkyl, 10 aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and lδ (aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl; or two 3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to fo.rm a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ are either unsubstituted or 0 substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each R ~ β is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R^ is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
δ each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, aminocarbonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl, 0 ajϋaino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl,
(aryl Cχ_5 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonyl, δ Cχ.8 alkoxycarbonyl, aryl oxy carb onyl , aryl Cχ-8 a oxycarbonyl,
Cχ_8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, 10 aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, amino sulf o nyl , Cχ-8 alkylaminosulfonyl, (aryl)paminosulfonyl, lδ (aryl Cχ-8 .alkyDpaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylCl-6 alkylsulfonyl, Cχ.6 alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, and 20 aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonyl, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 2δ hydrogen,
Cχ.χo alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, 30. aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy, Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, (Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cl-5 alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cl-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, Cl-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaιyl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aιyl)pamino, (aryl)pa ino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aiyl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino,
5 arylsulfonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino C -6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl.amino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 10 Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl-unino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 -alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, lδ Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyl )paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aιyl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, δ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 0 (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 10 aiyl Cχ_6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, (aιyl)paιiιinocarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and 15 (aiyl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl; or R5 and R6 are taken together with the carbon atom to wliich they are attached to form a carbonyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ or ^ are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each ~Rp 20 and R" are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
R? and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 25 hydrogen,
Cχ.χo alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, 30. aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy, Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, (Ci-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-5 alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, Cχ_6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkoxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)pamino, (aryl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, 5 arylcarbonylamino, arylsulfonylamino ,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, 10 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ_8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, lδ aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 20 aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonylamino, 2δ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 30. (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aiyl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, 5 arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aiyl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, 0 arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ_6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, 5 (aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, and
C7-20 polycyclyl Cθ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ and R^ are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each 0 R ' and R° are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
R is selected from the group consisting of δ hydrogen,
Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl, aryl Cχ_8 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyloxy Cχ-4 alkyl, 0- aryl Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyloxy Cχ_4 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylaminocarbonylmethylene, and Cχ-8 dialkylaminocarbonylmethylene;
- 3δ RlO , Rll, Rl2 t and Rl3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Cχ-8 alkyl, δ aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, aminocarbonyl, 10 C3-8 cycloalkyl, amino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)p aminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl,
(aryl Cχ-5 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, lδ hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-6 alkyDpamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonyl, 20 Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonyl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, 2δ aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, Cχ-8 alkylaminosulfonyl, (aryl)paminosulfonyl, 30. (aryl Cχ-8 -alkyDpaminosulfonyl,
Cχ-6 aϋylsulfonyl, aiylsulfonyl, aiyl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, δ aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-,
10 HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, lδ CH =CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aιyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
20 Cχ-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Cχ-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-5 alkoxy, Cχ-5 alkoxycarbonyl,
2δ (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, aminocarbonyl Cχ_6 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkoxy,
30. aryl Cχ_6 alkoxy,
(aryl)pamino, (aryl)pamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-6 alkyDpamino, (aiyl Cχ-6 alkyl)pa.mino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cχ-β alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cχ-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, δ arylsulfonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ_6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 10 Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 -alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, lδ Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
20 aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
2δ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
30. (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
3δ aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 10 aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ- alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and lδ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, wherein any of the a^yl groups of RlO, RU, R12, and 3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
wherein 20 each m is independently an integer from 0 to 6; each n is independently an integer from 0 to 6; each p is independently an integer from 0 to 2; each r is independently an integer from 1 to 3; each s is independently an integer from 0 to 3; 25 each t is an integer from 0 to 3; and v is independently an integer from 0 to 6;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
30. In the compounds of the present invention, W is preferably a 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms wherein each carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent, or a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents.
More preferably, W is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000042_0001
Most preferably W is
Figure imgf000042_0002
In the compounds of the present invention, X is preferably -(CH2)v-> wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents.
More preferably X is a direct bond, that is, v is 0.
In the compounds of the present invention, Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2); πr -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-,
Figure imgf000043_0001
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-, -(CH2)m-SO-(CH2)n-, 5 -(CH2)m-Sθ2-(CH )n-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-, -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p-, -(CH2)m-NR -(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p-, and -(CH2)m-NR -(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-, 10 wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R , can be substituted by one or two R^ substituents.
More preferably Y is selected from the group consisting of
(CH2)m, (CH2)m-S-(CH2)n, and (CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n> lδ wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R , can be substituted by one or two R^ substituents.
In the compounds of the present invention, Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000043_0002
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000044_0002
More preferably Z is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000044_0003
Most preferably Z is
Figure imgf000045_0001
In the compounds of the present invention, Rl and 2 are δ preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Oχ. X0 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy.
Mot e preferably, Rl and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cχ-χo alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl,
10 trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy.
In the compounds of the present invention, R3 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lδ fluoro, trifluoromethyl, aryl,
Cχ-8 alkyl, aιylCχ-6 alkyl 0 hydroxyl, oxo, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cχ-δ alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and δ aminocarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl.
More preferably, Bβ is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, aryl, 0 Cχ_8 alkyl, arylCχ-6 alkyl hydroxyl, oxo, and arylamino carb onyl . δ
In the compounds of the present invention, is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, 10 C3-8 cycloalkyl,
Cχ_8 alkyl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, lδ arylsulfonyl, arylC χ-6alkylsulfonyl, arylC χ-6alkylcarbonyl,
C χ-8alkylaminocarbonyl, aryl C x -5 alkylamino carb onyl , 20 arylCχ-8alkoxycarbonyl, and
C χ-8alkoxycarbonyl.
More preferably, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Cχ-8 alkyl, 25 Cχ-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylC χ-6alkylcarbonyl,
Cχ-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and 30. arylCχ-6alkylsulfonyl.
In one embodiment of the present invention, Bp and R° are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aiyl Cχ-6 alkyl, 5 CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, and
HC≡C-(CH2)t-.
In a class of this embodiment of the present invention, R6 is hydrogen and R^ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 10 aryl,
Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl Cχ-6 alkyl, CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, and lδ HC≡C-(CH2)t-.
In a subclass of this class of the present invention, R^, R^, and R8 are each hydrogen and R^ is selected from the group consisting of 0 hydrogen, aryl,
Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aiyl Cχ-6 alkyl, δ CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, and
HC≡C-(CH2)t-.
In another embodiment of the present invention, R? and ^ are each independently selected from the group consisting of 0' hydrogen, aryl, Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, δ arylsulfonylamino,
- 4δ - Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, δ C -8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cχ_8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aiyloxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, 10 Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ_6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 "alkylcarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, lδ (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ_8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, 20 amino sulfonylamno Cχ-6 alkyl,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, 2δ (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cχ_6 alkyl,
Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino,
Cχ_6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl, aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, and 30. aryl Cχ-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl.
In a class of this embodiment of the present invention, R^ is hydrogen and R^ is selected from the group consisting of consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, δ Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
10 arylaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, and (aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino. lδ
In a subclass of this class of the present invention, R^, R6; and R8 are each hydrogen and I is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 20 aryl,
Cχ-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-6 alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, Cχ-8 alkylsulfonylamino, 25 aryl Cχ-6 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino ,
Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cχ-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, arylaminocarbonylamino, 30. (Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, and
(aryl Cχ-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino. In the compounds of the present invention, R is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
More preferably, R9 is hydrogen.
In the compounds of the present invention, RlO, RU, R!2} δ and R 3 are preferably each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Cχ-8 alkyl.
More preferably RlO, RU, Rl2, and R 3 are hydrogen.
In the compounds of the present invention, m is preferably an integer from 0 to 4, more preferably from 0 to 3. 10 In the compounds of the present invention, n is preferably an integer from 0 to 4, more preferably from 0 to 3.
In the compounds of the present invention, r is preferably an integer from 1 to 2.
In the compounds of the present invention, s is preferably lδ an integer from 0 to 2.
In the compounds of the present invention, t is preferably an integer from 0 to 2, more preferably from 0 to 1.
In the compounds of the present invention, v is preferably 0.
In certain embodiments of the present invention the 20 compounds have the formula with the following designated stereochemistry:
Figure imgf000050_0001
wherein the substituents W, X, Y, Z, Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, δ RlO, Rll, l2, and Rl3, and the subscripts m, n, p, r, s, t, and v are as described above.
Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of compounds of the present invention that are useful as integrin receptor antagonists are the following: 0 ethyl 3(S)-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionate;
ethyl 3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- δ [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionate;
ethyl 3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionate;
10 3(S)-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyrimn-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- lδ [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yD-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyD-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid;
20 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Further illustrative of the present invention are the compounds selected from the group consisting of:
2δ 3(S)-(2,3-mhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 30. [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yD-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyD-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid;
3δ and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts." Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, δ Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid. Representative salts include the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate,
10 bromide, calcium, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, h'ydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, lδ mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine ammonium salt, oleate, oxalate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, sulfate, subacetate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide and valerate. 0 Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention cany an acidic moiety, suitable phairmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts. 5 The compounds of the present invention can have chiral centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, diastereomeric miaXtures, and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention. Therefore, where a compound is chiral, the separate enantiomers or 0- diastereomers, substantially free of the other, are included within the scope of the invention; .further included are all mixtures of the two enantiomers. Also included within the scope of the invention are polymorphs and hydrates of the compounds of the instant invention.
The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of δ the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be
- δO - functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound. Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administering" shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with 5 the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 198δ, 10 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the lδ biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician.
The term "integrin receptor antagonist," as used herein, refers to a compound which binds to and antagonizes either the αvβ3 receptor, the αvβδ receptor, or the αvβ6 receptor, or a compound which 0 binds to and antagonizes combinations of these receptors (for example, a dual αvβ3/αvβδ receptor antagonist).
The term "bone resorption," as used herein, refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone.
The term ".alkyr shall mean straight or branched chain δ alkanes of one to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, etc.).
The term "alkenyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this 0 range.
The term "alkynyl" shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range.
- δl The term "cycloalkyl" shall mean cyclic rings of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl).
The term "cycloheteroalkyl," as used herein, shall mean a δ 3- to 8-membered fully saturated heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, O or S. Examples of cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl.
The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to straight or 10 branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified (e.g., Cχ-5 alkoxy), or any number within this range (i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
The" term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic system comprising at least one aromatic ring, wherein the lδ monocylic or polycyclic system contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, 0, or S, and wherein the monocylic or polycylic system is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Cl-lθ alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Cl-8 alkyl, amino, amino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-3
20 acylamino, Cχ_3 acylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkylamino, Cχ-6 alkylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ_6 dialkylamino, Cχ-6 dialkylamino-Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-4 alkoxy, Cχ-4 alkoxy Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Oχ. 5 alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ-3 alkoxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Cχ-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or Oχ.
25 5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Examples of aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, tMenyl, furyl, pyrryl, pyrazolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzo(l,3) dioxolane, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazol l, wliich are either unsubstituted or substituted
30. with one or more groups independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, Cl-lO alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl Cχ-8 alkyl, amino, amino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-3 acylamino, Cχ-3 acylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-6 alkylamino, Cχ-6 alkylamino-Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-6 dialkylamino, Cχ-6 dialkylamino Cχ-8 alkyl, Cχ-4 alkoxy, Cχ-4 alkoxy Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl,
3δ hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, Cχ-δ alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ-3 alkoxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cχ-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Cχ-6 alkyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, oxo or Cχ-5 alkylcarbonyloxy. Preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted with one to four of the above-named substituents; more preferably, the aryl group 5 is unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tri-substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents; most preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above- named substituents.
Whenever the term "alkyl" or "aryl" or either of their prefix 10 roots appear in a name of a substituent (e.g., aryl Cθ-8 alkyl) it shall be inteirpreted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl" and "aryl." Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e.g., Cχ.χo) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl
15 appears as its prefix root.
The terms "arylalkyl" and "alkylaryl" include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above. Examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenylethyl,
20 phenylpropyl, fluorophenylethyl, chlorophenylethyl, thienylmethyl, thienylethyl, and thienylpropyl. Examples of alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyridine, ethylpyridine, propylpyridine and butylpyridine.
In the compounds of the present invention, two Rl
25 substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group. In the compounds of the present invention, two ~Rβ substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group. In
30. such instances, the limitation, that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R^ is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom, does not apply. Also, in the compounds of the present invention, two R^ substituents, when on the same carbon atom, can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group.
In the compounds of the present invention, R5 and R^ can be taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group. In such instances, the limitation, that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R5 and R^ is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom, does not apply.
The term "halogen" shall include iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. The term "oxy" means an oxygen (0) atom. The term "thio" means a sulfur (S) atom. The term "oxo" means "=0". The term "carbonyl" means "C=0."
The term "substituted" shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different. Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the ternnnal portion of the designated side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent .functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a Cl-δ alkylcarbonylamino Cχ-6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to
O
II -C^e alkyl-NH-C-C^ alkyl .
In choosing compounds of the present invention, one of ordinaiy skill in the art will recognize that the various substituents, i.e. W, X, Y, Z, Rl, R2, R3, R4 Rδ, R6, R7, RS, R9, RIO, R11, R12, ^d R13 , and the subscripts m, n, p, r, s, t, and v are to be chosen in conformity with well-known principles of chemical structure connectivity.
Representative compounds of the present invention typically display submicromolar affinity for the integrin receptors, particularly
- δ4 - the αvβ3, αvβ5, and/or αvβ6 receptors. Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffering from a bone condition caused or mediated by increased bone resorption, who are in need of such therapy. Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, 5 including pharamaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit the activity of mammalian osteoclasts.
The compounds of the present invention are administered in dosages effective to antagonize the αvβ3 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of 10 osteoporosis.
Further exemplifying the invention is the method wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect. An illustration of the invention is the method wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, lδ restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis. Preferably, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption.
An example of the invention is the method wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβδ antagonizing effect. 20 More specifically, the αvβδ antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, tumor growth, or metastasis.
.Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is a dual αvβ3/αvβδ antagonizing δ effect. More particularly, the dual αvβ3/αvβδ antagonizing effect is selected from inJhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, tumor growth, or metastasis.
Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the 0 • integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ6 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the αvβ6 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammatoiy response, or wound healing. .Illustrating the invention is the method wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption,
- δδ - inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, or inhibition of tumor growth or metastasis. Preferably, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is the 5 inhibition of bone resorption.
More particularly illustrating the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. .Another example of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by
10 combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining any of the compounds described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. lδ Further illustrating the invention is a method of treating and/or preventing a condition mediated by antagonism of an integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds described above. Preferably, the condition is selected from bone
20 resorption, osteoporosis, restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, viral disease, cancer, tumor growth, and metastasis. More preferably, the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer. Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis. δ More specifically exempli.fying the invention is a method of eliciting an integrin antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above. Preferably, the integrin antagonizing 0 effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect; more specifically, the αvβ3 antagomzing effect is selected from inhibition of bone resorption, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, .inhibition of macular degeneration, inliibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, or 5 inhibition of tumor growth or metastasis. Most preferably, the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone resorption. .Alternatively, the integrin antagonizing effect is an αvβδ antagonizing effect, an αvβ6 antagonizing effect, or a mixed αvβ3, αvβδ, and αvβ6 antagonizing effect. Examples of αvβδ antagonizing effects are inhibition of δ restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, or tumor growth. Examples of dual αvβ6 antagonizing effects are inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammatory response and wound healing.
Additional examples of the invention are methods of
10 inhibiting bone resorption and of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of lδ treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, periodontal disease, hyperparathyroidism, periarticular erosions in rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, immobilization- induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically 0 effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions described above.
More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a δ mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of bone resorption, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and/or 0, angiogenesis.
.Also exemplifying the invention are compositions further comprising an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a.) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, δ b.) an estrogen receptor modulator, c.) a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, d.) a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, e.) an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet-derived growth factors, 5 f.) an inhibitor of VEGF, g.) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1, h.) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and i.) a prenylation inhibitor, such as a farnesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual 10 farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; and mixtures thereof. (See, B. Millauer et al., "Dominant-Negative Inhibition of Flk-1 Suppresses the' Growth of Many Tumor Types in Vivo", Cancer Research. δ6, 161δ-1620 (1996), which is incorporated by reference herein lδ in its entirety).
Preferably, the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: a.) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, 20 b.) an estrogen receptor modulator, and c.) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. A particularly 2δ preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
Nonlimiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progesterin, estradiol, droloxifene, raloxifene, and tamoxifene. 30. Nonlaimiting examples of cytotoxic/antiproliferative agents are taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin.
Cathepsin K, formerly .known as cathepsin 02, is a cysteine protease and is described in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 96/13δ23, published May 9, 1996; U.S. Patent No. δ,501,969, 3δ issued March 3, 1996; and U.S. Patent No. δ,736,3δ7, issued April 7, 1998, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Cysteine proteases, specifically cathepsins, are linked to a number of disease conditions, such as tumor metastasis, inflammation, arthritis, and bone remodeling. At acidic pH's, cathepsins can degrade type-I 5 collagen. Cathepsin protease inhibitors can inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting the degradation of collagen fibers and are thus useful in the treatment of bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis. The present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in
10 the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. For example, the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents such as an organic bisphosphonate',' an estrogen receptor modulator, or a cathepsin K inhibitor. lδ Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described above and one or more agents known to be cytoto.xic/antiproliferative. .Also, the compounds of the present invention
20 can be administered in combination with radiation therapy for treating tumor growth and metastasis.
In addition, the integrin αvβ3 antagonist compounds of the present invention may be effectively administered in combination with a growth hormone secretagogue in the therapeutic or prophylactic
2δ treatment of disorders in calcium or phosphate metabolism and associated diseases. These diseases include conditions which can benefit from a reduction in bone resorption. A reduction in bone resorption should improve the balance between resorption and formation, reduce bone loss or result in bone augmentation. A reduction
30. in bone resorption can alleviate the pain associated with osteolytic lesions and reduce the incidence and/or growth of those lesions. These diseases include: osteoporosis (including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid induced and senile), osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, myositis ossificans, Bechterew's disease, malignant
3δ hypercalcemia, metastatic bone disease, periodontal disease, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, urinary calculus, hardening of the arteries (sclerosis), arthritis, bursitis, neuritis and tetany. Increased bone resorption can be accompanied by pathologically high calcium and phosphate concentrations in the plasma, which would δ be alleviated by this treatment. Similarly, the present invention would be useful in increasing bone mass in patients with growth hormone deficiency. Thus, preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an αvβ3 receptor antagonist of the present invention and a growth hormone secretagogue, optionally including a
10 third component comprising an organic bisphosphonate, preferably alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
In accordance with the method of the present invention, the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or lδ concurrently in divided or single combination forms. The instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment, and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents
20 useful for treating integrin-mediated conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition usefiil for treating osteoporosis.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the
2δ specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
The compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of
30. which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g., ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) foπn, all
3δ using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed as an αvβ3 antagonist.
The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including δ type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of
10 the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
Oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects', will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10
Iδ mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0.1 to δ.0 mg/kg/day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the foπn of tablets containing 0.01, O.Oδ, 0.1, O.δ, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. A medicament
20 typically contains from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, the most prefe.rred doses will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion. Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be
25 administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, prefe.rred compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal
30. skin patches well .known to those of ordinary sl ll in the art. To be aαministered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
In the methods of the present invention, the compounds
35 herein described in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers (collectively referred to herein as 'carrier' materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the 5 like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate,
10 dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like; for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as' ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents
15 and coloring agents can also be incoiporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes and the like. Lubricants used in these dosage fo.rms
20 include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like. Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
The compounds of the present invention can also be
25 administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered
30. by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-
3δ ethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoride-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
In the schemes and examples below, various reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings:
10 AcOH: Acetic acid.
BH3 -DMS: Borane • dimethylsulfide.
BOC(Boc): t-Butyloxy carbonyl.
BOP: Benzotriazol-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino)- phosphonium hexafluorophosphate. lδ CBZ(Cbz): Carbobenzyloxy or benzyloxycarbonyl.
CDI: Carbonyldiimidazole.
CH2C12: Methylene chloride.
CH3CN: Acetonitrile
CHCI3: Chloroform. 0 DEAD: Diethyl azodicarboxylate.
DIAD: Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
DIBAH or
DIBAL-H: Diisobutylaluminum hydride.
DIPEA: Dusopropylethylamine. δ DMAP: 4-Dimethylaminopyridine .
DME: 1 , 2 -Dimethoxy ethane .
DMF: Dimethylformamide .
DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide.
DPFN: 3,δ-Dimethyl-l-pyrazolylformamidine nitrate. 0 EDC: l-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide •HC1
EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
EtOH: Ethanol.
HOAc: Acetic acid.
HOAT: l-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole 5 HOBT: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole. IBCF: Isobutylchloroformate
LDA: Lithium diisopropylamide.
MeOH: Methanol.
MMNG l,l-methyl-3-nitro-l-nitrosoguanidine NEt3: Triethylamine.
NMM: N-methylmorpholine.
PCA»HC1: Pyrazole carboxamidine hydro chloride.
Pd/C: Palladium on activated carbon catalyst.
Ph: Phenyl. pTSA p-Toluenesulfonic acid.
TEA: Triethylamine.
TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid.
THF: Tetrahydrofuran.
TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography. TMEDA: N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine.
TMS: Trimethylsilyl.
The novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedure of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples. The compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention. The following examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that .known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
The following Schemes and Examples describe procedures for making representative compounds of the present invention. Moreover, by utilizing the procedures described in detail in PCT
International Application Publication Nos. WO95/32710, published 7
December 199δ, and W09δ/17397, published 29 June 1995, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, in conjunction with the disclosure contained herein, one of ordinary skill in the art can readily prepare additional compounds of the present invention claimed herein. Additionally, for a general review describing the synthesis of β-alanines wliich can be utilized as the C-terminus of the compounds of the present invention, see Cole, D.C, Recent Stereoselective Synthetic 5 Approaces to β-Amino Acids, Tetrahedron, 1994, 50, 9517-9582; Juaristi, E, et al., Enantios elective Synthesis of β-Amino Acids, Aldrichimica Ada, 1994, 27, 3. In particular, synthesis of the 3-methyl-β-alanine is taught in Duggan, M.F. et al., J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 3332-3341; the 3- ethynyl-β-alanine is taught in Zablocki, J.A., et al., J. Med. Chem., 199δ,
10 38, 2378-2394; the 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-β-alanine is taught in Rico, J.G. et al., J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 7948-79δl; and the 2-amino- and 2-tosylamino-β- alanines are taught in Xue, C-B, et al., Biorg. Med. Chem. Letts., 1996, 6, 339-344. The references described in this paragraph are aU .also incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. lδ
6δ SCHEME 1
Figure imgf000068_0001
1 1-2
Figure imgf000068_0002
1-3
Figure imgf000068_0003
1-4 Ethyl 3-fluorocinnamate (1-2)
To a solution of 3-nuorobenzaldehyde 1J (18.16 g, 146 mmol) in dichloromethane (δOO mL) was added ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate (61.2 g; 176 mmol) and the δ resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 lir. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was swirled with ether/hexane and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and then purified on a plug of silica gel eluting with hexane/EtOAc 9:1. Removal of the solvent afforded the title compound 1^2 as an oil (~9δ% trans) which was used 10 without .further purification in the next step.
IH NMR (CDCI3): δ 1.36 (3H, t), 4.28 (2H, q), 6.43 (IH, d), 7.08 (IH, m),
7.2-7.4 (3H, m), 7.64 (IH, d).
N-Benzyl-(R)-α-methylbenzyl-3(S)-fluorophenyl-β-alanine ethyl ester (1-3) lδ To a solution of N-benzyl-(R)-α-methylbenzylamine (33.4 g, lδ8 mmol) in THF (4δ0 mL) at 0°C was added n-butyllithium (1.6M in hex.anes; 99 mL, lδ8 mmol). The dark violet solution was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes, cooled to -78°C and the ester
1-2 (29.2 g, lδO mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added over δ minutes. The 20 resulting solution was stirred at -78°C for 1 lir, then warmed to room temperature. .After 2 hrs, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc, washed with water, then brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. Column chromatography (silica gel; hexane/EtOAc 1:1 then pure EtOAc) gave the title compound lr3. 2δ IH NMR (CDCI3): δ 1.06 (3H, t), 1.28 (3H, d), 2.δ2 (IH, dd), 2.62 (IH, dd),
3.66 (IH, d), 3.72 (IH, d), 3.95 (2H, q), 4.44 (IH, dd), 6.95 (IH, m), 7J-7.δ (13H, m).
3(S -Fluorophenyl-β-alanine ethyl ester hvdrochloride (1-4) 30 A solution of the N-benzyl-(R)-α-methylbenzylamine derivative J 3 (28.2 g, 69.6 mmol) in ethanol (300 mL), acetic acid (30 mL) and water (3 mL) was degassed with argon for 30 minutes. Pd(OH)2 on carbon (20% dry weight; 2.6 g) was added and the mixture then stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) for 2 hours. The mixture was 3δ filtered through celite and the solvent removed in vacuo to give an oil. This oil was dissolved in 200 mL ether and to this solution was added 60 mL IN HCI in ether to yield a precipitate. Filtration and washing the solid with ether./hexane then gave the title compound 1 as a wMte solid.
IH NMR (CD3OD): δ 1.21 (3H, t), 3.0-3.2 (2H, m), 4J6 (2H, q), 4.76 (IH, t),
7.2-7.35 (3H, m), 7.δ (IH, m).
SCHEME 2
Figure imgf000071_0001
2zZ
Figure imgf000071_0002
a) LiN(TMS)2, THF b) butenyl-4-triflate
I
Figure imgf000071_0003
SCHEME 2 (CONTINUED)
Figure imgf000072_0001
SCHEME 2 (CON. TINUED)
Figure imgf000073_0001
10% Pd/C, ethanol, H2
Figure imgf000073_0002
1N NaOH, ethanol
Figure imgf000073_0003
(2-10 and 2-11)
Figure imgf000073_0004
δ-(2-Methyl-n.31dioxolan-2-yl)-pentanoic acid (2-2)
A mixture of ketone 2JL (18 g, lOδ mmol), ethylene glycol (3.2 ml, 110 mmol), p-TSA (δO mg, 0.2713 mmol) and toluene (300 mL) was heated to reflux with azeotropic removal of water for 24 hours. The δ reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat. NaHCθ3, brine, dried (MgSθ4), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in EtOH (200 ml) and then treated with IN NaOH (120 ml, 120 mmol). .After 2 h, the reaction was poured into 600 mL 2:1 Et2θ/10% KHSO4. The organic portion was separated, washed with brine, dried 10 (MgSθ4) and concentrated to give acid 272 as a colorless oil.
IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 3.93 (m, 4H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 4H), 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 3H).
3-rδ-(2-Methyl-ri.31dioxolan-2-yl)-pentanoyll-oxazolidin-2-one (2-3) lδ To a stirred solution of 2Yλ (16.0 g, 8δ.δ mmol), NEt3 (13.1 ml,
94.1 mmol) and THF (400 mL) at -78°C was added pivaloyl chloride (11.6 ml, 94.1 mmol). The mixture was warmed to 0°C for 1.0 h and then recooled to -78°C. To a stirred solution of 2-oxazolidinone (9.3g, 106.9 mmol) and THF (200 ml) at -78°C was added nBuLi (43.0ml, 106.9 mmol,
20 2.δM in hexanes) dropwise over 10 minutes. After 20 minutes, the lithium reagent was transferred to the mixed anhydride via cannula. .After 10 minutes, the reaction was warmed to 0°C for l.Oh. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with sat. NaHC03, brine, and dried over MgS04. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the
2δ residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 40%-δ0% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 2 3 as a colorless foam. TLC Rf = 0.19 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexanes)
IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.41 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (m, 4H ), 3.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.66 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s,
30. 3H). 3-(2-[3-(2-Methyl-[l,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-propyl]-hex-5-enoyl)-oxazolidin-
2-one (2-4)
To a stirred solution of (3.0 g, 11.7 mmol) and THF (125 mL) at -78°C was added NaN(TMS)2 (15.2 mL, 15.2 mmol, 1.0 M in THF)
5 dropwise over 20 minutes. Butenyl-4-triflate (5.0 mL, 29.2 mmol) was added dropwise; after 1 h, the reaction was warmed to 0°C. .After 1 h, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc, washed with sat. NaHCθ3, brine, dried (MgS04) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 40%
EtOAc/ hexanes) gave 2Λ as an yellow oil. 10 TLC Rf = 0.28 (silica, 50% EtOAc/hexanes)
IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ δ.80 (m, IH), δ.00 (m, 2H), 4.40 (m, 2H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.92 (m, 4H), 2.40-1.35 (m, 11H), 1.30 (s, 3H).
7-(2-Methyl-[l,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-oxazolidine-3-carbonyl)- lδ hentanal (2-5)
To a stirred solution of 24 (1.8 g, δ.8 mmol), sudan III (10 mg) and CH2CI2 (lδO mL) at -78°C under argon was bubbled ozone until the red solution changed to yellow-orange. The solution was purged with argon for 30 minutes. PPI13 (2.26 g, 8.7 mmol) was added followed
20 by the removal of the cooling bath. .After 1.5 h, the reaction was concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, 20%-50% EtOAc/hexanes) gave 2 5 as a yellow solid.
TLC Rf = 0.17 (silica, δ0% EtOAc/hexanes)
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.74 (s, IH), 4.43 (m, 2H), 4.03 ( , 2H), 3.91 2δ (m, 4H), 3.80 (IH), 3.04 (m, IH), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.40 (m, 8H), 1.29 (s,
3H).
3(S)-(3- uoro-phenyl)-3-{2-oxo-[3-(2-methyl-[l,3]dioxolan-2-yl)- nropyll- piperidin-1-yll-propionic acid ethyl ester (2-6)
30. A mixture of 25 (600 mg, 1.0 mmol), 14 (240 mg, 1.0 mmol),
Na(OAc)3BH (313 mg, 1.5 mmol) and NEt3 (0.28 mL, 2.0 mmol) in DCE
(10 mL) was stiired for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 10% K2CO3, brine, and dried over MgS04. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, δ0:3δ:14:l hexanes/ chloroform ethyl acetate/ MeOH) to give 2-6 as a yellow solid.
TLC Rf = 0.δ3 (silica, 70:2δ:δ chloroform ethyl acetate/ MeOH) IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.30 (m, IH), 7.07 (m, IH), 6.98 (m 3H), 6.35 δ (m, O.δH), 6.23 (m, O.δH), 4.12 (q, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (m, 4H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.9δ (m, 3H), 2.38 (m, IH), 2.00-1.40 (m, 8H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.22 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H).
3(S)-(3-.Fluorophenyl)-3-[2-oxo-3-(4-oxo-pentyl)-piperidin-l-yl]-
10 propionic acid ethyl ester (2-7)
A solution of 2 (δOO mg, 1.10 mmol), p-TSA (10 mg) and acetone (δO mL) was heated at reflux for 4 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat. NaHCθ3 and brine, dried (MgSθ4), and concentrated to afford 2^7 as a yellow oil. lδ IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.30 (m, IH), 7.06 (m, IH), 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.32 (m, O.δH), 6.20 (m, O.δH), 4.12 (q, J=7Hz, 2H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.9δ (m, 3H), 2.4δ (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, IH), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.00-1.40 (m, 8H), 1.22 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H).
20 3(S)-(3- uorophenyl)-3-[3-(3-[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl-propyl)-2- oxo-piperidin-1-yll-propionic acid ethyl ester (2-8)
A mixture of 27_ (4δ0 mg, 1.2 mmol), 2-amino-3- formylpyridine (145 mg, 1.2 mmol; for prep., see JOC 1983,48, 3401) and proline (137 mg, 1.2 mmol) in absolute ethanol (20 mL) was heated at
25 reflux for 12 h. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 50% ethyl acetate/ chloroform to 70:25:δ chloroform/ethyl acetate/MeOH) to give 2-8 as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.34 (70:2δ:δ chloroform/ethyl acetate/MeOH). IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.08 (m, IH), 8.16 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 8.0 Hz IH),
30. 8.11 (d, J=8.3 Hz, IH), 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, IH), 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.3δ (m, 0.5H), 6.20 (m, O.δH), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.20-2.80 (m, 5H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.10- 1.40 (m, 8H), 1.19 (m, 3H). 3(S)-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]naph- thyridin-2-yl)-propyll-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (2-9)
A mixture of 2£ (400 mg, 0.86 mmol) and 10% Pd carbon (1300 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) was stirred under a balloon of hydrogen for 6 δ h. Following filtration and evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 70:2δ:δ chloroform/ethyl acetate/MeOH) to give 279. as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.21 (70:2δ:δ chloroform/ethyl acetate/MeOH). IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.29 (m, IH,), 7.0δ (m, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H),
10 6.33 (m, IH), 6.30 (m, O.δH), 6.20 (m, O.δH), 4.76 (bs, IH), 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.00-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.70 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.δδ (m, 2H), 2.3δ (m, IH), 2.00-1.40 (m, 8H), 1.23 (t, J=7Hz, 3H).
3(S)-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- lδ [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yD-propionic acid and 3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid
(2-10 and 2-11)
To a solution of 2 (300 mg, 0.6614 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) 20 was added IN NaOH (0.72δ ml, 0.72δ mmol). After stirring for 1 h, the solvents were evaporated and the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 2δ:10:l:l - 15:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/EtOH/water/NH40H) to give 2-10 and 2-11 as pure diastereomeric white solids.
TLC Rf = 0.62 (isomer A) (10:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/EtOH/water/NH40H). 5 TLC Rf = 0.51 (isomer B) (10:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/EtO.H/water/NH40H). IH N . MR (300 MHz, CD3OD, Isomer A) δ 7.46 (d, J=7 Hz, IH), 7.37 (m, IH), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.10 (m, IH,), 7.03 (m, IH), 6.50 (d, J=7 Hz, IH,), 6.43 (m, IH), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.00 (m, IH), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.12-1.40 (m, 10H). 0 iH NMR (300 M . Hz, CD3OD, Isomer B) δ 7.40 (d, J=7 Hz, IH), 7.34 (m,
IH), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.10 (m, IH,), 7.00 (m, IH), 6.50 (d, J=7 Hz, IH,), 5.63 (m, IH), 3.4δ (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.47 (m, IH), 2.00-1.50 (m, 10H). SCHEME 3
Figure imgf000078_0001
PPA, PhMe
Figure imgf000078_0002
nBuLi, THF
Figure imgf000078_0003
l-Bromo-3-(2.2-diethoxy-ethoxy)-benzene (3-2)
To a suspension of NaH (2.77 g, llδ.6 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) at 0°C was added a solution of 3-bromophenol _]zl in DMF (40 mL) over 40 min. After the addition was complete, the solution was stirred for an additional 30 min. The solution was then treated with neat bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal (17.36 g, llδ.6 mmol). The solution was heated at 100°C for 8 h, cooled to room temperature, and extracted 5 with Et2θ (3 x 200 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with 10% aq. NaOH (100 mL) and biϊne (100 mL), dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to give 3^2 as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.4 (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.19-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, IH), 4.81 (t, IH,
10 J=6.8 Hz), 3.99 (d, 2H, J=6.8 Hz), 3.71 (m, 4H), 1.22 (t, 6H, J=7.1 Hz) ppm.
6-Bromo-benzofur.an (3-3)
To" a solution of the acetal 3^, in toluene (200 mL) was added polyphosphoric acid (20 g). The biphasic mi.xture was heated to 100°C 15 and stirred at tliis temperature for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured onto ice, and extracted with Et2θ (2 x 200 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aq. NaHCθ3 and brine. The solution was dried over MgSθ4, filtered, and concentrated.
The residue was purified by flash chromatography (100% hexanes) to 20 give the product 3^3. as a yellow oil.
TLC Rf = 0.3 (100% hexanes). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.68 (s, IH), 7.60 (d, IH, J=2.1 Hz), 7.46 (d,
IH, J=8.4 Hz), 7.36 (dd, IH, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz), 6.75 (dd, IH, J=7J, 0.9 Hz) ppm.
25
3-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester (3-4)
A mixture of the 6-bromo-benzofuran 3θ (1.74 g, 8.79 mmol), ethyl acrylate (1.09 g, 10.98 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.099 g, 0.44 mmol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (0.268 g, 0.880 mmol), and sodium acetate 30. (3.60 g, 43.9 mmol) in D.MF (10 mL) was heated to 100°C in a sealed tube for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with Et2θ (2 x 40 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over MgSθ4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography 35 (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give the ester 3 as an off-white solid. TLC Rf = 0.3 (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.78 (d, IH, J=15.9 Hz), 7.68 (d, IH, J=2.4
Hz), 7.66 (s, IH), 7.δ9 (d, IH, J=8.4 Hz), 7.43 (dd, IH, J=9.0, 1.5 Hz), 6.78 (m, IH), 6.47 (d, IH, J=15.9 Hz), 4.27 (q, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.34 (t, 3H, J=7.2 δ Hz) ppm.
3(S)-Benzofuran-6-yl-3-[benzyl-(l(jR)-phenyl-ethyl)-anιino]-propionic acid ethyl ester (3-δ)
A solution of N-benzyl-α-(R)-methylbenzylamine (1.32 g, 6.30
10 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at 0°C was treated with n-BuLi (2.52 mL of a 2.5 M soln in hexanes). The resulting solution was stirred at 0°C for 30 min and then cooled to -78°C. A solution of acrylate 3^4 (0.681 g, 3.15 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. .After stirring for 15 min at -78 °C, satd. aq. NH4CI soln (5 mL) was added and the cold bath removed. The mixture lδ was warmed to room temperature and extracted with Et2θ (2 x 40 mL).
The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over MgSθ4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give the β-aminoester _)__. as a yellow oil. 20 TLC Rf = 0.8 (10% ethanol/dichloromethane). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.δ8 (m, 3H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 9H), 7.δ9
(s, IH), 4.δ8 (m, IH), 4.0δ (m, IH), 3.91 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.72 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 1.21 (d, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.03 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz) ppm.
δ 3(S)-.Aαuno-3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-propioιιic acid ethyl ester
( )
A mixture of the dibenzylamine Mi (1.19 S, 2.78 mmol) in EtOH/H2θ/AcOH (26 mL/3 mL/1.0 mL) was degassed with argon and treated with Pd(OH)2 (1.19 g). The mixture was placed under 1 atm of 0 H2. After stirring for 18 h, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/dichloromethane) to give the ester 3£ as a wliite solid. TLC Rf = 0.2δ (10% ethanol/dichloromethane). iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) as the trifluoroacetate salt: δ 7.2δ (d, IH, J=8.1 Hz), 6.88 (m, IH), 7.66 (s, IH), 6.82 (s, IH), 4.δ8 (m, 3H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, IH), 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 1.11 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz) ppm.
SCHEM. E 4
Figure imgf000081_0001
4-1
DIBAL
Figure imgf000081_0002
Figure imgf000081_0003
Figure imgf000081_0004
Figure imgf000081_0005
Figure imgf000082_0001
proline, EtOH
Figure imgf000082_0002
4=δ
ΌI AL
Figure imgf000082_0003
Figure imgf000082_0004
Figure imgf000083_0001
4-12
Figure imgf000083_0002
4-13
4-Oxo-pentanoic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (4-1)
To a sti.rred solution of levulinic acid (30 g, 0.2δ8 mol) in 850 mL CHCI3 at 0°C was added triethylamine (43.2 mL, 0.310 mol), followed by isobutyl chloroformate (37 mL, 0.284 mol) over 15 minutes. After 30 minutes, triethylamine (57.6 mL, 0.413 mol) was added, followed by N,Q- dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (37.8 g, 0.387 mol) in δ portions over 5 minutes. Vigorous bubbling ensued, and the mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stir for 1 h. The mixture was reduced to a moist solid by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, sluπϊed in 500 mL EtOAc, washed with 10% K2CO3, brine, and dried over Na2Sθ4.
Evaporative removal of the solvent gave 4Λ as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.42 (silica, 1:1 chloroform /ethyl acetate). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.65-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.21 (s, 3H).
N-methoxy-N-methyl-3-(2-methyl-π.31dioxolan-2-yl)-propionamide (4-2) To a solution of 4rl (38 g, 0.239 mol) in 500 mL benzene was added ethylene glycol (17.3 mL, 0.310 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (1 g). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h with azeotropic removal of water. .After cooling, the solution was washed with 200 mL sat. NaHC03, brine, and dried over Na2Sθ4. Evaporative removal of the solvent gave 4^2.as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.62 (silica, ethyl acetate). iH N . MR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 3.95 (m, 4H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.51 (t, 2H, J=8 Hz), 2.00 (t, 3H, J=6 Hz) 1.33 (S, 3H).
3-(2-Methyl-π.31dioxolan-2-yl)-propionaldehvde (4-3)
To a solution of 5_2 (44.74 g, 0.22 mol) in 400 mL THF at -78°C was added D.IB.AL (264 mL 1 M in hexanes, 0.264 mol) over 10 minutes. After stirring for 1 h, 3δ0 ml of 1.0 M Rochelle's salt and 300 ml ether was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. After stirring for 1 h, the organic portion was separated and dried over Na2Sθ . Evaporative removal of the solvent gave 4-3 as a colorless oil. TLC Rf = 0.80 (silica, ethyl acetate). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.73 (s, IH), 3.δ0 (d, IH, J=16 Hz), 2.61 (d, IH, J=21 Hz), 2.48 (m, IH), 2.07 (t, IH, J= 7H), 1.33 (s, 3H).
r3-(2-Methyl-π.31dioxolan-2-yl)-propylaminol-propionic acid ethyl ester (441
To a solution of 4 S (10 g, 0.69 mmol) in 200 mL 1,2- dichloroethane at 0°C was added beta-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride
(21 g, 0.138 mol), triethylamine (34 mL), and NaB(OAc)3H (20. δ g, 0.097 mol). The mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stir for lδ h. The mixture was evaporated to one-third its initial volume, diluted with
EtOAc and then washed with 10% K2CO3, b.rine, and dried over Na2Sθ4. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 70:25:δ chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol) to give 44 as a yellow oil. TLC Rf = 0.19 (silica, 70:2δ:δ chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol). δ
{Tert-butoxycarbonyl-r3-(2-methyl-π.31dioxolan-2-yl)-propyll-amino)- propionic acid ethyl ester (4-δ)
To a solution of 44 (10 g, 0.041 mol) in 200 mL THF was added a trace of DMAP, 20 drops of triethylamine, and BOC2O (9.δ g, 0 0.04δ mol). After 1 h. evaporative removal of the solvent gave 4-5 as a colorless oil.
TLC Rf = 0.91 (silica, 70:25:10 chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol). iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.15 (q, 2H, J=4 Hz), 3.93 (m, 4H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 1.61 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m, 9H), 1.28 (m, 6H). 5 rTert-butoxycarbonyl-(4-oxo-pentyl)-aminol-propionic acid ethyl ester (4-6)
To a solution of 45 (13.9 g, 0.040 mol) in 100 mL acetone was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (.0δ g). The mixture was heated at 0 reflux for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was evaporated to one-fifth its initial volume, diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat. NaHCθ3, brine, and dried over Na2 θ4. Evaporative removal of the solvent gave
4-6 as a yellow oil.
TLC Rf = 0.36 (silica, 30% ethyl acetate/hexane). δ rTert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-ri.81naphthyridin-2-yl-propyl)-aminol-propionic acid ethyl ester (4-7)
To a solution of 4J3 (12 g, 40 mmol), 2-amino-3- formylpyridine (6.3 g, δ2 mmol), proline (4.6 g, 40 mmol) and ethanol 0 (300 mL) was heated at reflux for lδ h. .After cooling and evaporation, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 1:1 chloroform /ethyl acetate) to give 47 as a yellow oil.
TLC Rf = 0.47 (silica, 70:2δ:δ chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol) iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.09 (m, IH), 8.13 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 4.12 (q, 2H, 7 Hz), 3.42 (m, 4H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 9H), 1.22 (m, 3H).
5 (Tert-butoxycarbonyl-r3-(δ.6.7.8-tetrahvdro-n.81naphthyridin-2-yl)- propyll-aminol-propionic acid ethyl ester (4-8)
A solution of 5_Y (7.0 g, 18.1 mmol), 10% Pd/C (5 g) and ethanol (100 mL) was stirred under a balloon of hydrogen gas for 15 h. Following filtration and evaporation, the residue was chromatographed 10 (silica gel, 70:28:2 chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol) to give 4J3 as a yellow oil.
TLC Rf = 0.32 (silica, 70:28:2 chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol)
r(Methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-ethyll-r3-(5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro- lδ ri.81naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl1-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (4-9)
To a solution of 4^8 (δ.6 g, 12.8 mmol) in ethanol (δO mL) was added NaOH (lδ mL 1M solution in water,lδ mmol). .After stirring for 1 h, HCI (lδ mL 1M solution in water, lδ mmol) was added, and the mixture evaporated to give .an oily residue. The residue was evaporated 20 from ethanol three times, and then from acetonitrile three times, producing a yellow crusty solid which was dried under a vacuum of <2 mm Hg for 2 h. This residue was then sluπϊed in chloroform (δ mL) and acetonitrile (δO mL), and NMM (8.5 mL), N,Q_-dimethylhydroxyl- amine hydrochloride (2.5 g, 26 mmol), HOBT (1.7g, 13 mmol) and EDC 5 (2.4 g, 13 mmol) were added. .After stirring for 15 h, the mixture was evaporated to dryness, the residue slurried in EtOAc, washed with sat. NaHCθ3, brine, and dried over Na2Sθ4. Evaporative removal of the solvent gave ^1 as a yellow oil.
TLC Rf = 0.20 (silica, 70:20:10 chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol) 0- . iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.05 (d, IH, J= 8 Hz), 6.28 (d, IH, J=8 Hz), 4.83 (m, IH), 3.69 (m, 3H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.14 ( , 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 4H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 9H). (Tert-butoxycarbonyl-r3-(5,6 ,8-tetrahvdro-ri.81naphthyridin-2-yl)- propyll-aminol-propionaldehvde (4-9A)
To a stiiTed solution of 4θ (12.8 mmol) and THF (50 ml) at -78°C was added DIBAL (l.OM/hexanes, 15 ml, 15 mmol) dropwise over 5 20 minutes. .After 1.0 hour, 20 ml of 1.0 M Rochelle's salt was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. The mixture was stirred for 1.0 hour and then diluted with Et2θ. After 30 minutes of stimng, the organic portion was separated and dried over MgSθ4. Evaporative removal of the solvent gave crude aldehyde 4-9A as a colorless oil. 0 TLC Rf = 0.13 (silica,7δ:20:10 chloroform /EtOAc/MeOH).
3(S)-(2-(Tert-butoxycarbonvI-r3-(5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro-ri.81naphthyridin-2- vI)-propyll-amino)-propylamino)-3-(2.3-dihvdro-benzofuran-6-yl)- propionic acid ethyl ester (4-10) 5 A mixture of the crude aldehyde 4-9A (0.4 g, 1J5 mmol), 3-6
(0.5 g, 1.5 mmol), powdered molecular sieves (1 g), sodium acetate (1 g) and 2-propanol (20 mL) was stirred for 30 minutes at 0°C. Then NaCNBH3 (0.215 g, 3.5 mmol) was added. After 15 hours, to the reaction was added 10% KHSO4 until pH~2, stirred 5 minutes, diluted with 0 EtOAc and then adjusted to pH~12 with K2CO3. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc and dried over MgSθ4. Following evaporative removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 1% [10:1:1 EtOH/ NH4OH/ H2O]/ 99% 7δ:2δ:δ chloroform /EtOAc/MeOH) to give 4-10 as a yellow oil. δ TLC Rf = 0.19 (silica, 1% [10:1:1 EtOH/ NH4OH/ H2O]/ 99% 7δ:2δ:δ chloroform /EtOAc/MeOH) iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.10 (m, 2H),6.78 (m, 2H), 6.37 (d, IH, J=7
Hz), 4.69 (br s, IH), 4.47 (t, 2H, J= 7 Hz), 4.11 (m, 2H), 3.9δ (t, IH, J= 7Hz), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.17 (m, 6H), 2.7-2.4 (m, 8H), 1.82 (m, δH), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.40 0 (m, 9H), 1.21 (t, 3H, J= Hz). 3(S)-(2.3-dihvdro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-(2-oxo-3-r3-(5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro- [1.81naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl1-tetrahvdro-pyrimidin-l-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (4-12)
HCI gas was rapidly bubbled through a solution of 4-10 (0.3 5 g, 0.δ3 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 ml) at 0°C for 10 minutes. .After 30 minutes, the solution was purged with argon for 30 minutes. The solution was concentrated to give the amine 4-11 as a yellow solid. To a stirred mixture of 4JJ. (0.δ3 mmol) in CH2CI2 (10 mL) and iPr2NEt
(0.δ6 mL, 3.3 mmol) was added para-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.112 g, 10 O.δδ mmol). .After 30 minutes, dioxane (10 mL) was added, and the mixture heated to 100°C, allowing the dichloromethane to evaporate. .After 12 h, the mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc, washed with 1 N NaOH, brine, .and dried over MgSθ4. Evaporative removal of the solvent gave 4-12 as a yellow oil. lδ TLC Rf = 0.37 (silica, 70:20:10 chloroform /ethyl acetate /methanol)
3(S)-(2.3-dihvdro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-(2-oxo-3-[3-(δ.6.7.8-tetrahvdro- ri.81naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyll-tetrahvdro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionic acid (4,131 0 To a solution of 4^12 (0.20 g, 0.41 mmol) in EtOH (δ mL) was added IN NaOH (O.δ ml, O.δ mmol). .After stirring for 2 h, the solvents were evaporated and the residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 2δ:10:l:l followed by 15:10:1:1 ethyl acetate /EtOH /water /NH4OH) to give
4-13 as a white solid. δ TLC Rf = 0.13 (10:10:1:1 ethyl acetate/EtOH/water/NH40H). iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.44 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 7.16 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 6.76 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 6.6δ (s, IH), δ.97 (d, IH, J=7 Hz), 6.06 (m, IH), 4.δ2 (t, 2H, J= 9 Hz), 3.9δ (m, IH), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.38 (m, IH), 3.18 (m, 3H), 2.7δ (m, 8H), 1.91 (m, 6H), 1.76 (m, 2H). 0
δ SCHEME A
Svnthesis of Radioligand for SPA Assav
Figure imgf000089_0001
A-1
H, dioxane
Figure imgf000089_0002
Figure imgf000089_0003
1. Br2,NaOH, H20
2. HCI
10 SCHEME A. cont'd.
H2CH3
Figure imgf000090_0001
A-5a
6NHCI SCHEME A. cont'd
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
N-(4-Iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-L-aspara.oine (A-2)
To a stiired solution of acid Ad (4.39 g, 33.2 mmol), NaOH (1.49 g, 37.2 mmol), dioxane (30 ml) and H2O (30 ml) at 0°C was added pipsyl chloride (10.34 g, 34.2 mmol). After ~δ minutes, NaOH (1.49, 37.2 mmol), dissolved in lδ ml H2O, was added followed by the removal of the cooling bath. After 2.0 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in H2O (300 ml) and then washed with EtOAc.
10 The aqueous pcrtion was cooled to 0°C and then acidified with concentrated HCI. The solid was collected and then washed with Et2θ to provide acid A- 2 as a white solid. iH N . MR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 7.86 (d, 2H, J=8Hz ), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz) 3.70
(m, IH), 2.39 (m, 2H). lδ
2(S)-(4-Iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-β-alanine (A-3)
To a stiired solution of NaOH (7.14 g, 181.8 mmol) and H2O (40 ml) at 0°C was added Br2 (1.30 ml, 24.9 mmol) dropwise over a ten minute period. After ~δ minutes, acid A- 2 (9.9 g, 24.9 mmol), NaOH (2.00 g, 49.8 mmol) and H2O (35 ml) were combined, cooled to 0°C and then added in a single portion to the reaction. After stirring for
20 minutes at 0°C, the reaction was heated to 90°C for 30 minutes and then recooled to 0°C. The pH was adjusted to ~7 by dropwise addition of concentrated HCI. The solid was collected, washed with EtOAc, and then dried in vacuo to provide acid A- 3 as a wliite solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 8.02 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.36
(m, IH), 3.51 (dd, IH, J=5Hz, 13Hz) 3.21 (m, IH). 0
Ethyl 2(S)-(4-iodo-phenylsulfonylamino)-β-alanine-hvdrochloride (A-4) HCI gas was rapidly bubbled through a suspension of acid A- 3 (4.0 g, 10.81-mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) at 0°C for 10 minutes. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was heated to 60 °C. After 18 5 h, the reaction was concentrated to provide ester A-4 as a white solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.98 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=8Hz),
4.25 (q, IH, J=5Hz), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, IH), 3.06 (m, IH), 1.01 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).
0 Ethyl 4J2J2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl1benzoate (A-5a)
A mixture of ester A-5 (700 mg, 2.63 mmol), (for preparation, see: Scheme 29 of PCT International Application Publication No. WO 9δ/32710, published December 7, 199δ) 10% Pd/C (3δ0 mg) and EtOH were stirred under 1 atm H2. After 20 h, the reaction was δ filtered through a celite pad and then concentrated to provide ester A-δa as a brown oil.
TLC Rf = 0.23 (silica, 40% EtOAc/hexanes) iH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.9δ (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.26 (m, 3H), 6.43 (d,
IH, J=7Hz), 6.3δ (d, IH, J=8Hz), 4.37 (m, 4H), 3.0δ (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 0 1.39 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).
4-r2-(2-.Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethvnbenzoic acid hvdrochloride (A-6)
A suspension of ester A-δa (625 mg, 2.31 mmol) in 6N HCI (12 ml) was heated to 60°C. After -20 h, the reaction was concentrated to 5 give acid A- 6 as a tan solid. iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.84 (d, IH, J=9Hz), 6.69 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 3.09 (m, 4H).
Ethyl 4-[2-(2-i^minopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-(4-iodo- δ phenylsulfonylamino)-β-alanine (A-7)
A solution of acid 15-6 (400 mg, 1.43 mmol), amine A- (686 mg, 1.57 mmol), EDC (358 mg, 1.86 mmol), HOBT (252 mg, 1.86 mmol), NMM (632 μl, 5.72 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was stirred for -20 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and then washed with sat. 10 NaHC03, brine, dried (MgSθ4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, EtOAc then 5% isopropanol EtOAc) provided amide A-7 as a white solid. TLC Rf = 0.4 (silica, 10% isopropanol EtOAc) iH NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.79 (d, 2H, J=9Hz) 7.61 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.δ2 lδ (d, 2H, J=9Hz), 7.29 (m, IH), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 4.20 (m, IH), 3.9δ (q, 2H, J=7Hz), 3.66 (dd, IH, J=6Hz, 14Hz), 3.49 (dd, IH, J=8Hz, 13Hz), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, 3H, J=7Hz).
4.[2-(2-Aminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-(4-iodophenyl-
20 sulfonylamino)-β-alanine (A-8)
A solution of ester A^Z. (200 mg, 0.3213 mmol) and 6N HCI (30 ml) was heated to 60°C. .After -20 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Hash chromatography (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/ NH4OH H2O) provided acid A-8 as a white solid. δ TLC Rf = 0.45 (silica, 20:20:1:1 EtOAc/EtOH/NH4θH/H2θ) iH N . MR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.40 (m, IH), 8J4 (Bs, IH), 7.81 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.62 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.48 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.27 (m, 3H), 6.34 (d, IH, J=7Hz), 6.2δ (d, IH, J=8Hz), 5.8δ (bs, 2H), 3.89 (bs, IH), 3.3δ (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 2H). 0-
4-[2-(2-Ajminopyridin-6-yl)ethyl)benzoyl-2(S)-(4-trimethylstannyl- phenylsulfonylamino-β-alanine (A-9)
A solution of iodide AJ1 (70 mg, 0.H78 mmol), [(CH3)3Sn]2 (49 μl, 0.23δ6 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (δ mg) and dioxane (7 ml) was heated to 90°C. After 2 h, the reaction was concentrated and then purified by preparative .HPLC (Delta-Pak Cχ8 15 μM 100A°, 40 x 100 mm; 95:δ then δ:9δ H2O/CH3CN) to provide the trifluoroacetate salt. The salt was suspended in H2O (10 ml), treated with NH4OH (5 drops) and then lyophilized to provide amide A-9 as a white solid. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.40 (m, IH), 8.18 (d, IH, J=8Hz), 7.67 (m, δH), 7.δ6 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.9δ-7.δ2 (m, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 4.00 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.33 (m, IH), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H).
4-[2-(2-i minopyridin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl-2(S)-4-l25iodo- phenylsulfonylamino-β-alanine (A-10)
An iodobead (Pierce) was added to a shipping vial of 5 mCi of Nal25j (Amersham, IMS30) and stirred for five minutes at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 mg of A 9 in 0.05 mL of 10% H2S0.4/MeOH was made and immediately added to the Nal 5τyi0(j0]r)eacj vjaι After stirring for three minutes at room temperature, approximately 0.04-0.0δ mL of NH4OH was added so the reaction mixture was at pH 6-7. The entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for purification [Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of 10% acetonitrile (0.1% (TFA):H2θ (0.1% TFA) to 90% acetonitrile (0.1% TFA):H2θ (0.1% TFA) over 30 minutes, 1 mlVmin], The retention time of A- 10 is 17 minutes under these conditions. Fractions containing the majority of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophilized and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of A- 10. which coeluted on HPLC analysis with an authentic sample of A-8.
Instrumentation: Analytical and preparative HPLC was carried out using a Waters 600E Powerline Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0.1 m heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode .Array Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector. For analytical and preparative HPLC, a Nydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 2δ0 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column. The acetonitrile used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade. The HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector. A Nydac C-18 protein and peptide column, 3.9 x 2δ0 mm was used for analytical and preparative HPLC. Solutions of radioactivity were concentrated using a Speedvac vacuum centrifuge. Calibration curves and chemical concentrations were determined using a Hewlett Packard Model 84δ2A UN/Vis Diode .Array Spectrophotometer. Sample radioactivities were determined in a Packard Aδδ30 gamma counter.
The test procedures employed to measure αvβ3 and αvβδ binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are described below.
10
BONE RESORPTION-PIT ASSAY
When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they can cause the formation o' pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon. Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit lδ osteoclasts, it is usefiil to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these resorption pits when the inhibiting compound is present.
Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a 6 mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis are cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, 11). Bone slices are pooled, placed 20 in a 10% ethanol solution and refrigerated until further use.
Prior to experimentation, bovine bone slices are ultrasonicated twice, 20 minutes each in H2O. Cleaned slices are placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either triplicate or
2δ quadruplicate cultures. The bone slices in 96 well plates are sterilized by "UN iiradiation. Prior to incubation with osteoclasts, the bone slices are hydrated by the addition of 0.1 ml αMEM, pH 6.9 containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
Long bones from 7-14 day old rabbits (New Zealand White
30. Hare) are dissected, cleaned of soft tissue and placed in αMEM containing 20 mM HEPES. The bones are minced using scissors until the pieces are <1 mm and transferred to a δO ml tube in a volume of 2δ ml. The tube is rocked gently by hand for 60 cycles, the tissue is sedimented for 1 min., and the supernatant is removed. .Another 2δ ml
3δ of medium is added to the tissue and rocked again. The second supernatant is combined with the first. The number of cells is counted excluding erythrocytes (typically ~ 2 x 10? cells/ml). A cell suspension consisting of 5 x lθ6/ml in αMEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 10 nM l,2δ(OH)2D3, and pencillin-streptomycin is prepared. 200 ml
5 aliquots are added to bovine bone slices (200 mm x 6 mm) and incubated for 2 lirs. at 37°C in a humidified 5% C02 atmosphere. The medium is removed gently with a micropipettor and fresh medium containing test compounds is added. The cultures are incubated for 48 hrs., and assayed for c-telopeptide (fragments of the al chain of type I collagen) by 10 Crosslaps for culture media (Herlev, Denmark).
Bovine bone slices are exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs and are processed for staining. Tissue culture media is removed from each bone slice: -Each well is washed with 200 ml of H2O, and the bone slices are then fixed for 20 minutes in 2.δ% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M lδ cacodylate, pH 7.4. After fixation, any remaining cellular debris is removed by 2 min. ultrasonication in the presence of 0.25 M .NH4OH followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasonication in H2O. The bone slices are immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax. 20 After the bone slices have dried, resorption pits are counted in test and control slices. Resorption pits are viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikon) fluorescence microscope using a polarizing Nikon IGS filter cube. Test dosage results are compared with controls and resulting IC50 values are determined for each compound tested. δ The appropriateness of extrapolating data from this assay to mammalian (including human) disease states is supported by the teaching found in Sato, M., et a!., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.31-40, 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This article teaches that certain 0 bisphosphonates have been used clinically and appear to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteolytic lesions produced by bone metastases, and bone loss due to immobilization or sex hormone deficiency. These same bisphosphonates are then tested in the resorption pit assay described above to confirm a correlation between their known utility and positive perfo.rmance in the assay.
EIB ASSAY 5 Duong et al., J. Bone Miner. Res., 8: S378 (1993) describes a system for expressing the human integrin αvβ3. It has been suggested that the integrin stimulates attachment of osteoclasts to bone matrix, since antibodies against the integrin, or RGD -containing molecules, such as echistatin (European Publication 382 451), can effectively block 10 bone resorption.
Reaction Mixture:
1. 175 μl TBS buffer (δO mM Tris •HCI pH 7.2, lδO mM NaCl, 1% BSA, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2). lδ 2. 2δ μl cell extract (dilute with 100 mM octylglucoside buffer to give 2000 cpm 2δ μl).
3. 12δl-echistatin (25 μl/50,000 cpm) (see EP 382 451).
4. 2δ μl buffer (total binding) or unlabeled echistatin (nonspecific binding).
20
The reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp. The unbound and the bound αvβ3 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester. The filters (prewet in 1.5% poly- ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 5 mM Tris HCI, ImM CaCl2/MgCl2, pH 7.2). The filter was then counted in a gamma counter.
SPA ASSAY
0 MATERIALS:
1. Wheat germ agglutinin Scintillation Pro^dmity Beads (SPA): Amersham
2. Octylglucopyranoside: Calbiochem 5 3. HEPES: Calbiochem 4. NaCl: Fisher δ. CaCl2: Fisher
6. MgCl2: SIGMA
7. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF): SIGMA 5 8. Optiplate: PACKARD
9. Compound A- 10 (specific activity 500-1000 Ci mmole)
10. test compound
11. Purified integrin receptor: αγβ3 was purified from 293 cells overexpressing αvβ3 (Duong et al., J. Bone Min. Res., S:S378,
10 1993) according to Pytela (Methods in Enzymology, 144A15,
1987)
12. Binding buffer: 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM
Figure imgf000099_0001
13. δO mM octylglucoside in binding buffer: 50-OG buffer 15
PROCEDURE:
1. Pretreatment of SPA beads:
20 500 mg of lyophilized SPA beads were first washed four times with 200 ml of 50-OG buffer and once with 100 ml of binding buffer, and then resuspended in 12.δ ml of binding buffer.
2. Preparation of SPA beads and receptor mixture
2δ In each assay tube, 2.5 μl (40 mg/ml) of pretreated beads were suspended in 97.5 μl of binding buffer and 20 μl of 50-OG buffer. 5 μl (-30 ng/μl) of purified receptor was added to the beads in suspension with stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was then centrifuge d at 2,δ00 rpm in a
30. Beckman GPR Benchtop centrifuge for 10 minutes at 4°C. The pellets were then resuspended in δO μl of binding buffer and 2δ μl of δO-OG buffer. 3. Reaction
The following were sequentially added into Optiplate in corresponding wells: (i) Receptor./beads mixture (75 ml) (ii) 2δ μl of each of the following: compound to be tested, binding buffer for total binding or A-8 for non-specific binding (final concentration 1 μM) (iii) A-10 in binding buffer (25 μl, final concentration 40 pM) (iv) Binding buffer (125 μl)
(v) Each plate was sealed with plate sealer from PACKARD and incubated overnight with rocking at 4°C
4. Plates were counted using PACKARD TOPCOUNT
5. % inhibition was calculated as follows: A = total counts B = nonspecific counts C = sample counts
% inhibition = [{(A-B)-(C-B)}/(A-B)]/(A-B) x 100
OCFORM ASSAY
Osteoblast-like cells (1.8 cells), originally derived from mouse calvaria, were plated in CORNING 24 well tissue culture plates in αMEM medium containing ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides, 10% fetal bovine se.rum and penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were seeded at 40,000/well in the morning. In the afternoon, bone marrow cells were prepared from six week old male Balb/C mice as follows: Mice were sacrificed, tibiae removed and placed in the above medium. The ends were cut off and the marrow was flushed out of the cavity into a tube with a 1 mL syringe with a 27.5 gauge needle. The marrow was suspended by pipetting up and down. The suspension was passed through >100 μm nylon cell strainer. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 350 x g for seven minutes. The pellet was resuspended, .and a sample was diluted in 2% acetic acid to lyse the red cells. The remaining cells were counted in a hemacytometer. The cells were pelleted and resuspended at 1 x 10^ cells/mL. δO μL was added to each well of 1.8 cells to yield δ0,000 cells/well and l,2δ-dihydroxy-vitamin 5 D3 (D3) was added to each well to a final concentration of 10 nM. The cultures were incubated at 37°C in a humidified, 5% CO2 atmosphere.
.After 48 h, the medium was changed. 72 h after the addition of bone marrow, test compounds were added with fresh medium containing D3 to quadruplicate wells. Compounds were added again after 48 h with 10 fresh medium containing D3. .After an additional 48 h., the medium was removed, cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in phosphate- buffered saline for 10 minutes at room temperature, followed by a 1-2 minute treatment with ethanohacetone (1:1) and air dried. The cells were then stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase as follows: lδ The cells were stained for 10-15 minutes at room temperature with 50 mM acetate buffer, pH 5.0 containing 30 mM sodium tartrate, 0.3 mg/mL Fast Red Violet LB Salt and 0.1 mg/mL Naphthol AS -MX phosphate. After staining, the plates were washed extensively with deionized water and air dried. The number of
20 multinucleated, positive staining cells was counted in each well.
αvβδ ATTACHMENT ASSAY
Duong et al., J. Bone Miner. Res., 11: S290 (1996), describes δ a system for expressing the human αvβδ integrin receptor.
Materials:
1. Media and solutions used in this assay are purchased from BRL/Gibco, except BSA and the chemicals are from Sigma. 0 2. Attachment medium: HBSS with 1 mg/ml heat-inactivated fatty acid free BSA and 2 mM CaCl2- 3. Glucosaminidase substrate solution: 3.75 mM p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, 0.1 M sodium citrate, 0.25% Triton, pH δ.0. 4. Glycine-EDTA developing solution: 50 mM glycine, δ mM EDTA, pH 10. δ.
Methods: δ 1. Plates (96 well, Nunc Maxi Sorp) were coated overnight at
4°C with human vitronectin (3 ug/ml) in δO mM carbonate buffer (pH 9/.6), using 100 μl/well. Plates were then washed 2X with DPBS and blocked with 2% BSA in DPBS for 2h at room temperature. After additional washes (2X) with 10 DPBS, plates were used for cell attachment assay.
2. 293 (αvβδ) cells were grown in MEM media in presence of 10% fetal calf serum to 90% confluence. Cells were then lifted from dishes with IX Tiypsin/EDTA and washed 3X with serum free MEM. Cells were resuspended in lδ attachment medium (3 X 10^ cells/ml).
3. Test compounds were prepared as a series of dilutions at 2X concentrations and added as δO μl/well. Cell suspension was then added as δO μl/well. Plates were incubated at 37°C with 55 Cθ2 for 1 hour to allow attachment. 0 4. Non-adherent cells were removed by gently washing the plates (3X) with DPBS and then incubated with glucosaminidase substrate solution (100 μl/well), overnight at room temperature in the dark. To quantitate cell numbers, standard curve of glucosaminidase activity was 5 determined for each experiment by adding samples of cell suspension directly to wells containing the enzyme substrate solution, δ. The next day, the reaction was developed by addition of 185 μl/well of glycine/EDTA solution and reading absorbance at 0 405 nm using a Molecular Devices V-Max plate reader.
Average test absorbance values (4 wells per test samples) were calculated. Then, the number of attached cells at each drug concentration was quantitated versus the standard curve of cells using the Softmax program. 5 EXAMPLE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of a compound of the present invention are formulated with sufficient finely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg to fill a size O hard gel capsule.
Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and found to bind to human αvβ3 integrin. These compounds are generally found to have IC50 values less than about 100 nM in the SPA assay.
Representative compounds of the present invention were tested and generally found to inhibit δ0% the attachment of αvβδ expressing cells Jo plates coated with vitronectin at concentrations of about 1 μM. While the invention has been described and illustrated in reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, effective dosages other than the prefeired doses as set forth hereinabove may be applicable as a consequence of variations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for severity of bone disorders caused by resorption, or for other indications for the compounds of the invention indicated above. Likewise, the specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending upon the particular active compound selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical earners, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims wliich follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound of the foπnula
Figure imgf000104_0001
δ wherein W is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000104_0002
a δ- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring 10 system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents, and lδ a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are 20 unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
X is selected from the group consisting of 2δ
-(CH2)v, wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic or nonaromatic ring system having 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
Y is selected from the group consisting of
-(CH2)m-, -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-,
Figure imgf000105_0001
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-S0-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-S02-(CH2)n-, -(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-NR4.(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -, -(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-S-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-NR4 -(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -,
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p -, and
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p -,
wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R4, can be substituted by one or two Bβ substituents;
Z is a 6-11 membered aromatic or nonaromatic mono- or polycyclic ring system having 0 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring system is either unsubstituted or substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxo or thio substituents, and either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of RlO, RU, 2 and Rl3, provided that Z is not phenyl or pyridyl; Rl and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cl-10 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl Cχ-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl Cl-6 alkyl, aryl, aryl Cχ-8 alkyl, amino, δ amino Cl-8 alkyl, Cχ-3 acylamino, Cl-3 acylamino Cl-8 alkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyDpamino, (Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-8 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, Cχ-4 alkoxy Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Cl-3 alkoxycarbonyl, Cl-3 alkoxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl- 10 Cl-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, hydroxy Cl-6 alkyl, Cl-6 alkyloxy-
Ci-6 alkyl, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, Cl-8 alkyl-S(0)p, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, Cl-8 alkjdoxycarbonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpamino, (aιyl)pamino, aryl Cl-8 lδ alkylsulfonylamino, and Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino; or two Rl substituents, when on the same carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group;
20 each R^ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
Cl-10 alkyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, δ aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)ι-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, 0 halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, trifluoromethyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aiyl Ci-5 alkoxy, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, 5 C3-8 cycloalkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyl)pamino, amino Cl-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Ci-5 alkylaminocarbonyl,
10 aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarb onyl , hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-, lδ Ci-6 alkyl-C-≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl,C≡C-(CH2)t-, Cl-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, 0 Ci-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, Cl-6 alkylaιyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, δ Cl-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkoxy, aryl Ci-6 alkoxy, aryl Cl-6 alkyl, (Ci-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, 0 (aryl)pamino, (aryl)pamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy,
lOδ aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cl-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino , δ Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cι_ alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cι_6 alkylsulfonylamino Cι_6 alkyl, Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
10 Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryl Cι_8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cι_8 -alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, lδ Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cι_6 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, 0 (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Ci-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl C -8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Ci-6 alkyl, δ aminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Ci-6 alkyl, (aιyl)paminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, 0 (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl Ci-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl, Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, Ci- alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, 10 aiyl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino, aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cι_ alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDparmnocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and lδ (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl; or two R3 substituents, when on the same carbon atom are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group or a cyclopropyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of Εβ are either unsubstituted or 0 substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each Bβ is selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom or atoms to which R^ is attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
δ each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, aminocarbonyl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl, 0 amino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl,
(aiyl Ci-5 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
Ci-8 alkyl, aryl Ci-6 alkyl,
(Ci- alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl, (aryl Ci- alkyDpamino C2-6 alkyl, Cl-8 alkylsulfonyl, δ Cl-8 alkoxycarbonyl, aryl oxy carb onyl , aryl Ci-8 alkoxycarbonyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, 10 aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, Cl-8 alk'ylaminosulfonyl, (aryl)paminosulfonyl, lδ (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylCl-6 alkylsulfonyl, Cl- alkylthiocarbonyl, aryl thio carbonyl, and 0 aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonyl, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R4 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of δ hydrogen,
Ci-10 alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, 0 aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Ci-5 alkoxy, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, δ (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, (Cl-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cl-6 alkyl,
10 arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Cl-δ alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, hydro xycarb onyl , lδ hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkyl-C-≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, 0 Cl-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, 5 Cl-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, Cl-6 alkoxy, aryl Cl-6 alkoxy, 0 aryl Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, ( aryl )p amino, (aryl)pamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aiyl Cl-6 alkyDpamino, 5 (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cl-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino,
Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl- alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryl Cl-8 -alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cl- alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Cl- alkylcarbonyl, Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, 5 aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Cl- alkyltliiocarbonylamino, Cl-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryltliiocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, 10 aryl Cl-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paιϊmιocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, lδ and (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl; or R5 and R6 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^ or ° are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each R^ 20 and R^ are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
R7 and Rδ are each independently selected from the group consisting of 25 hydrogen,
Ci-io alkyl, aryl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, aιyl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, 30. aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, halogen, hydroxyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Ci-5 alkoxy, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, (Cl-6 alkyDpamino, amino Cl-6 alkyl, arylamino carb onyl, aryl Ci-5 alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cl-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
CH2=CH-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, Ci-6 alkoxy, aryl Cl-6 alkoxy, aryl Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, ( aryl )p amino, (aιyl)pamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy,
(Cl-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy,
Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, arylsulfonylamino,
Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylaminocarbonylamino,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aιyl)paminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, amino sulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (aiyl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, aiylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl- alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
Cl- alkylcarbonyl,
Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino,
Cl- alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cl- alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, and
C7-20 polycyclyl Cθ-8 alkylsulfonylamino; wherein any of the alkyl groups of R^and R^ are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents, and provided that each R^and β are selected such that in the resultant compound the carbon atom to which R^ and R^ are attached is itself attached to no more than one heteroatom;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Ci-8 alkyl, aryl, aryl Cl-8 alkyl,
Ci-8 alkylcarbonyloxy C1-4 alkyl, aryl Cl-8 alkylcarbonyloxy C 1-4 alkyl,
Ci-8 alkylaminocarbonylmethylene, and Cl-8 dialkylaminocarbonylmethylene; RlO , Rll, Rl2 ; and Rl3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Cl-8 alkyl, δ aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, aminocarbonyl, 10 C3-8 cycloalkyl, amino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl,
(aryl Ci-5 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, lδ hydroxycarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-6 alkyDpamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cl-6 alkyl)pamino C2-6 alkyl,
Cl-8 alkylsulfonyl, 0 Cl-8 alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxy carbonyl, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, δ aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, Cl-8 alkylaminosulfonyl, (aryl)paminosulfonyl, 0 (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonyl,
Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aiyl sulfonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl,
llδ - C -6 alkylthiocarbonyl, arylthiocarbonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkyltliio carb onyl, aryl-(CH2)r-0-(CH2)s-, δ aryl-(CH2)rS(0)p-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-C(0)-N(R4)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-C(0)-(CH2)s-, aryl-(CH2)r-N(R4)-(CH2)s-,
10 HC≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cl-6 alkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl-C-≡C-(CH2)t-,
Cl-6 alkylaryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, lδ CH2=CH-(CH2)t-,
Cl-6 alkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
C3-7 cycloalkyl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, aryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkylaryl-CH=CH-(CH2)t-, 0 Ci-6 alkyl-S02-(CH2)t-,
Ci-6 alkylaryl-S02-(CH2)t-, Ci-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cι_5 alkoxy, Ci-5 alkoxycarbonyl, 5 (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl,
Ci-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Ci-6 alkyDpamino, aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkojy, 0 aryl Ci-6 alkoxy,
(aryl)pamino, (aryl)pamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino, (aryl Cl-6 alkyDpamino Ci-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyloxy, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyloxy, (Cl-6 alkyDpaminocarbonyloxy, Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, δ arylsulfonylamino,
Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cl- alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
10 Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino,
Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryl Ci-8-alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, lδ Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, 0 aminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, δ (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminosulfonylamino Ci-6 alkyl, 0 (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino,
(aiyl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl,
Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylsulfonyl Cl-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl Cι_ alkyl,
Cl- alkylcarbonyl,
Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl, δ aryl Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonyl Ci-6 alkyl,
Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino,
Ci-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Ci-6 alkyl, aryltliiocarbonylamino Ci-6 alkyl, 10 aryl Cl- alkylthiocarbonylarnino, aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paιninocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl, and lδ (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl; wherein any of the alkyl groups of lO, RU, Ri2, and Rl3 are either unsubstituted or substituted with one to three Rl substituents;
wherein 0 each m is independently an integer from 0 to 6; each n is independently an integer from 0 to 6; each p is independently an integer from 0 to 2; each r is independently an integer from 1 to 3; each s is independently an integer from 0 to 3; δ each t is an integer from 0 to 3; and v is independently an integer from 0 to 6;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
0 2. The compound of Claim 1 wherein
W is a 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring system having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms wherein each ring carbon atom is unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent, or a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic ring system, wherein one or more of the rings is aromatic, and wherein the polycyclic ring system has 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, 0, and S, and wherein the ring nitrogen atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one Rl substituent and the ring carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substituents;
X is
10 -(CH2)v-, wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents; and
Z is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000121_0001
Figure imgf000122_0001
3. The compound of Claim 2 wherein W is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000122_0002
and Z is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000122_0003
Figure imgf000123_0001
4. The compound of Claim 3 wherein W is
Figure imgf000123_0002
X is -(CH2)v-, wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or two Rl substitutents;
Y is selected from the group consisting of
10 -(CH2)m-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-,
Figure imgf000123_0003
-(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-SO-(CH2)n-, lδ -(CH2)m-S02-(CH2)n-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-,
-(CH2)m-0-(CH2)n-NR -(CH2)p-,
-(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-NR4-(CH2)p-, and
-(CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n-0-(CH2)p-; 0 wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R4, can be substituted by one or two R^ substituents; and
δ Z is
Figure imgf000124_0001
δ δ. The compound of Claim 4 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of
(CH2)m, (CH2)m-S-(CH2)n, and (CH2)m-NR4-(CH2)n,
10 wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in Y, other than in R4, can be substituted by one or two R^ substituents; m and n are integers from 0-3; and v is 0.
lδ 6. The compound of Claim δ wherein each R^ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, 0 aryl,
Ci-8 alkyl, arylCi-6 alkyl hydroxyl, oxo, δ arylaminocarbonyl, aryl Ci-5 alkyla:minocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, and aminocarbonyl Cl-6 alkyl;
0 and each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
C3-8 cycloalkyl,
Cl-8 alkyl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonyl, δ arylcarbonyl,
Cl-6 alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylC i-6alkylsulfonyl, arylC l-6alkylcarbonyl,
10 Ci-8alkylaminocarbonyl, arylCl-δalkylaminocarbonyl, arylCl-δalkoxycarbonyl, and
C i-8alkσxycarbonyl.
lδ 7. The compound of Claim 6 wherein R6, R7? and δ are each hydrogen and R^ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
Ci-8 alkyl, 20 aryl-C≡C-(CH2)t-, aryl Cl-6 alkyl,
CH2=CH-(CH2)f, and
HC≡C-(CH2)t-.
2δ 8. The compound of Claim 7 wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
9. The compound of Claim 8 wherein R9 is hydrogen.
30. 10. The compound of Claim 6 wherein R^, Rβ, and R^ are each hydrogen and R^ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl,
Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, 3δ Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aiylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, δ aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, aryloxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl,
10 aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino Cl-8 alkyl, Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, arylcarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, lδ aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino Cl- alkyl, aminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl)paminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, 0 arylaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino,
(aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, amino sulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, δ (Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl,
(aryl)paminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, (aryl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, (aiyl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino, 0 Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino Cl-6 alkyl, arylthiocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl, aryl Cl-6 alkylthiocarbonylarnino, and aryl Cl-6 alkyltliiocarbonylamino Cl-6 alkyl.
11. The compound of Claim 10 wherein R? is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, δ Cl-8 alkylcarbonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, Cl-8 alkylsulfonylamino, aryl Cl-6 alkylsulfonylamino,
10 arylsulfonylamino,
Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, aryl Cl-8 alkoxycarbonylamino, arylaminocarbonylamino, (Cl-8 alkyDpaminocarbonylamino, Iδ (aryl Cl-8 alkyl)paminocarbonylamino,
(Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino, and
(aiyl Cl-8 alkyDpaminosulfonylamino.
12. The compound of Claim 11 wherein R^ is selected 0 from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
13. The compound of Claim 12 wherein R^ is hydrogen.
5 14. The compound of Claim 6 selected from the group consisting of:
ethyl 3(S)-(2,3-mhydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionate; 0- ethyl 3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionate;
- 12δ - ethyl 3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionate;
3(S)-(2,3-σJ.hydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 5 [l,8]naphth3 ridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthvridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid; 10
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propiorιic acid;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, lδ lδ. The compound of Claim 14 selected from the group consisting of:
3(S)-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{2-oxo-3-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 20 [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-l-yl}-propionic acid;
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(R or S)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid;
2δ
3(S)-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-oxo-3(S or R)-[3-(δ,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-l-yl)-propionic acid;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
30.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
17. A pharmaceutical composition made by combining a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
δ 18. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining a compound according to Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
19. A composition of Claim 16 which .further comprises 0 an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) a cytotOaXic/antiproliferative agent, 5 d) a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, e) an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet-derived growth factors, f) an inhibitor of NEGF, g) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1, 0 h) a cathepsin K inhibitor, and i) a prenylation inhibitor, such as a farnesyl transferase inhibitor or a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor or a dual farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; and mixtures thereof.
20. The composition of Claim 19 wherein said active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, and c) a cathepsin K inhibitor; and mixtures thereof.
21. The composition of Claim 20 wherein said organic bisphosphonate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof is alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
5 22. The composition of Claim 19 wherein said active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) a cytotoxic/antiproliferative agent, b) a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, c) an inhibitor of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or 10 platelet-derived growth factors, d) an inhibitor of NEGF, and e) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDB, Flt-1, Tck/Tie-2, or Tie-1; an'd miaXtures thereof.
lδ 23. A method of eliciting an integrin receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1.
20 24. The method of Claim 23 wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ3 antagonizing effect.
25. The method of Claim 24 wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of
25 bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and tumor growth.
26. The method of Claim 25 wherein the αvβ3 antagonizing effect is the inhibition of bone resorption.
30.
27. The method of Claim 23 wherein the integrin receptor antagonizing effect is an αvβ5 antagonizing effect.
28. The method of Claim 27 wherein the αvβδ
3δ antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, and tumor growth.
29. The method of Claim 23 wherein the integrin receptor δ antagonizing effect is a dual αvβ3/αvβδ antagonizing effect.
30. The method of Claim 29 wherein the dual αvβ3/αvβδ antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of bone resorption, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular
10 degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and tumor growth.
31. The method of Claim 23 wherein the integrin antagonizing effect is an αvβ6 antagonizing effect.
lδ 32. The method of Claim 31 wherein the αvβ6 antagonizing effect is selected from the group consisting of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and wound healing.
33. A method of eliciting an integrin receptor 20 antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 16.
34. A method of treating or preventing a condition
2δ mediated by antagonism of an integrin receptor in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 16.
3δ. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal 30. in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 16.
36. A method of inhibiting bone resorption in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a 3δ therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 20.
37. A method of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of Claim 22.
38. A method of treating tumor growth in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to Claim 1 in combination with radiation therapy.
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