WO1999027023A1 - Water-based gravure printing ink - Google Patents
Water-based gravure printing ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999027023A1 WO1999027023A1 PCT/US1998/023845 US9823845W WO9927023A1 WO 1999027023 A1 WO1999027023 A1 WO 1999027023A1 US 9823845 W US9823845 W US 9823845W WO 9927023 A1 WO9927023 A1 WO 9927023A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- water
- pigment
- resins
- gravure
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
Definitions
- the invention relates to water-based gravure printing ink.
- Water-based printing inks for use m flexographic printing processes are known. This type of printing utilizes printing plates wherein the printing images stand up m relief, i.e. the areas to be printed are raised above the non-pnntmg areas. Printing by the flexographic process requires relatively low pressures sufficient to transfer the ink from the face of the image carrier to the surface of the substrate. Examples of useful water-based flexographic printing ink are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,173,554 and The Printing Ink Manual, edited by R.H. Leach and R.J. Pierce, pages 571-576, 5th edition, (Blueprint, 1993) .
- U.S. Patent No. 4,104,219 discloses an ink containing a polyalkyl acrylate binder dispersed in a homogenous, aqueous phase.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,102 describes a water-based ink composition containing up to 8% of a water miscible organic solvent such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- Water-based gravure printing ink formulations are described in U.S. Patent Nos . 5,098,478; 4,954,556 and 5,389,130 wherein a substantial portion of solvent is replaced with water.
- the solvent used in gravure ink is a temporary ingredient, present purely as a means of applying the vehicle solids to the substrate by way of the printing unit.
- the solvent is eliminated, mainly by evaporation and/or absorption and takes no further part in the properties of the printed film on the substrate.
- this is an over simplification since the solvent cannot always be eliminated easily and is sometimes trapped in the lattices of the substrate.
- gravure printing solvent selection is typically governed by the resin system employed; the press speed; whether a direct or off-set gravure process will be used; the design of the gravure cylinder; the substrate; the desired end-use properties of the print; and the pigment selected.
- the chemical nature of the resin system will, more often than not, severely restrict the choice of solvents. With most resins, a blend of solvents will give a lower ink viscosity than a single solvent. An incorrect selection will produce a gravure ink having poor flow characteristics.
- a gravure ink must remain fluid during the printing process while the ink flows from the gravure cells onto the substrate.
- the solvent is then rapidly removed within the drying cycle.
- the evaporation rate of the solvent must be geared to the length of time required to remove the excess ink by the doctor blade and the elimination point of the solvent. This time span is clearly governed by press speed.
- changes made to reduce the maximum concentration of solvent vapors allowable m the pressroom atmosphere have resulted m the virtual elimination of solvents such as 2-ethyloxyethanol and the corresponding acetate. These have been replaced with glycol ethers and esters and solvents based on propylene glycol .
- the most common solvents used m gravure ink formulations include ethyl, iso-propyl and n-propyl alcohols, acetone, ethyl, ISO- propyl and n-propyl acetates, methoxy and ethoxy propanols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, toluene, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, primarily aromatic, aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers and halogenated compounds .
- the solvent component typically constitutes from 30 to 70 wt . % of the gravure ink composition
- the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a significant environmental concern.
- gravure printers are been required to install solvent recovery systems which represent both a substantial capital outlay and operating expense and a limit on production rates.
- water-based systems are not as readily resolubilized as solvent systems. It is therefore possible that any precipitation will not be resolubilized within the next revolution of the cylinder m the ink duct. Therefore unless carefully controlled, fluctuations in pH can lead to packing m the etch of the gravure cylinder and ultimately to screening.
- the surface tension characteristics of the water-based system must also be considered since generally they are totally different from those of solvent systems. These differences can lead to poor substrate wetting which results m ink reticulation, crawling, and non-uniform ink flow from the cells. Surface tension can be reduced, however, by careful selection of surface active agents or the inclusion of small quantities of alcohol
- a solvent-free water-based gravure printing ink would eliminate the VOCs commonly emanating from solvent based printing inks.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gravure ink suitable for use m a gravure printing process and compatible with a wide variety of substrates.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a gravure ink which retains the performance characteristics of conventional solvent -based ink formulations and is compatible with the standard pigments and resm systems used m gravure printing.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a more economical gravure ink from a raw material and emission control cost standpoint .
- the present invention is a solvent free, water- based, single fluid gravure printing ink comprising (a) water; (b) a macromolecular resin binder comprised of (i) binders soluble in water regardless of the pH of the water, (ii) rosin salt binders soluble in water at a pH ranging from about 7.5 to about 10, and (iii) aqueous emulsions binders; (c) pigment; and (d) a hydroxyethyl ethylene urea re-wetting agent.
- VOC emissions of gravure inks are reduced by 100% relative to standard solvent based and water-based gravure printing inks while the rigid requirements of gravure printing, e.g., tone scale density, gloss, rub resistance, viscosity and adhesion continue to be met.
- the gravure printing ink composition of the present invention is made up of a pigment and a vehicle.
- vehicle is a liquid carrier, which may be an emulsion.
- the vehicle is water which replaces the volatile organic compound vehicle thereby eliminating VOC emissions.
- the vehicle also contains binder resins which adhere the pigment to the substrate being printed. It has been surprisingly found that the performance of the gravure printing ink is not appreciably affected by the complete elimination of solvent.
- rosin and modified rosins such as calcium, magnesium and zinc metallic resinates; ester gum of rosin; maleic resins and esters; dimerized and polymerized rosins; rosin modified fumaric resins; shellac; asphalts; phenolic resins and rosin-modified phenolic resins; alkyd resins; polystyrene resins and copolymers thereof; terpene alkylated urea formaldehyde resins; alkylated urea formaldehyde resins; polyamide vinyl resins, such as polyurethane resins; polyimide resins; polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol; ketone resins; acrylic resins, such as polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid; epoxide resins; polyurethane resins; cellulosic resins, such as nitro- and ethyl
- the resin may be soluble or dispersible in either the water or aqueous emulsion, depending on the resins hydrophobic/hydrophilic character.
- the resin is soluble in the water.
- the resin binder may be emulsified by mechanical energy being imparted by, for example, pumping the components together in the ink reservoir of a standard gravure printing press. Emulsifiers, such as surfactants, may be added to increase the stability of the emulsion. Generally, the emulsion will remain stable during printing by circulation of the ink in the printing well.
- a formulator will select two or possibly three resins to achieve a resin combination giving the required ink characteristics which include: adequate adhesion to the substrate; good solubility in the water; combination release properties with the ability to dry and give tack- free ink films; capability of providing the necessary level of gloss; good pigment-wetting properties; toughness; adequate rub resistance; and flexibility, to ensure non-cracking of the final printed product.
- Suitable macromolecular resin binders which are soluble in the water regardless of the pH of the water include: carboxymethyl-cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl -cellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, poly(C ⁇ -C 4 ) alkylene oxides, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrollidone, polyvinyl -oxazolidone and polyacrylamide polymers .
- the macromolecular resin rosin salt binders present in the ink are only those which are soluble in the water at pH value ranging from about 7.5 to about 10 and more preferably from about 2.5 to about 6.5 pH.
- Suitable examples of such binders include methacrylic resins; styrene-acrylic resins; rosin salts; and polystyrenesulfonic acids and their salts.
- Ammonia organic amines such as monoethanolamine or N,N-diethanolamine, mineral acid and organic acid such as acetic acid may be added to the water in order to adjust its pH in the preferred range.
- Suitable examples of the macromolecular resin binders comprising aqueous emulsions include acrylic or vinyl emulsion polymers prepared from monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, acrylic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl styrene and vinyl acetate .
- the pigment as in all colored gravure inks, is the most expensive part of the formulation. Therefore, the economics of pigment selection is vitally important.
- pigments need specific properties to meet the demands made on them during the printing process and in the end use of the printed material, e.g. printing of PVC wallcoverings, deep- freeze polyethylene bags.
- the normal practice is to have a preferred standard range of pigments against which alternatives can be assessed.
- printing the gravure process can, when required, deposit fairly heavy film weights of ink, which are governed by depth of engraving on the gravure cylinder and hence the volume of ink held by the cells of the cylinder.
- Pigments suitable for formulating the gravure ink of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of CI Pigment Yellows 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 17, 55, 65, 73, 83, 97 and 98; CI Pigment Oranges 13, 16 and 46; CI Pigment Reds 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 48, 48:1, 48:2, 53, 57:2, 81, 104, 146, 170 and 176; CI Pigment Greens 2, 7 and 36; CI Pigment Blues 1, 15:1, 15:2, 15:3, 15:6, 16, 29, 56 and 61; CI Pigment Violets 3, 23 and 37; CI Pigment Blacks 6 and 7; and CI Pigment Whites 6, 7, 18 and 26.
- extenders such as china clay and precipitated calcium carbonate may be used in the gravure ink formulations of the present invention. Extenders help control gloss levels and improve the lay characteristics in ink formulations having high binder/pigment ratios. Due to their low cost, extenders can be used to effectively cheapen the cost of gravure inks. For example, extenders can be used in publication gravure inks to assist tack reduction and control colour strength.
- Rewetting agents are also employed in the present gravure ink formulation to reduce screening which occurs when the ink in a cell of a second color combines with the dried ink of a first color. To off-set the effects of screening, a rewetting agent is employed.
- the rewetting agent suitable for use in the present invention is hydroxyethyl ethylene urea.
- the water-based gravure ink of the present invention may optionally contain other conventional additives, the effects of which must be evaluated, and if necessary, compensated for in the printing process.
- These adjuvants will include plasticizers such as sucrose acetate iso- butyrate, triethyl citrate, and epoxidised soy bean oil, and waxes such as polyethylene waxes, halogenated hydrocarbon waxes, fatty acid amides, surfactants, defoaming agents, catalysts, antioxidants , corrosion inhibitors, biocides and deodorants.
- Ammonia or other volatile amines may also be added in trace amounts to aid in dissolving the resin.
- non-ionic surfactant is used to reduce surface tension and stabilize the pigment resin dispersions.
- Suitable surfactants include, for example, acetylenic glycols, ethoxylated glycols and sorbitan esters. It is also well known in the art to incorporate miscellaneous additives into the ink composition to enhance performance with regard to gloss, rub resistance, uniform density of the print flexibility and adhesion.
- the water is preferably present in an amount of 25 to 60 wt . % of the ink; and more preferably 35 to 50 wt . % . It is also preferred that the macromolecular resin binder be present in an amount of 10 to 70 wt .
- the macromolecular resin binder is a composite having up to 5 wt.% of a resin binder soluble in water regardless of the pH of the water; and 10 to 70 wt.% of a resin binder soluble in water at a pH ranging from 7.5 to 10; and up to 20 wt.% of an aqueous emulsion resin binder.
- the maximum pigmentation for organic pigments typically does not exceed 15 wt.%, more preferably 5-10 wt.% of pigment is used.
- inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, pigment levels as high as 25-35 wt.% are used. Therefore, the pigment is preferably present in an amount of 2 to 35 wt.%.
- the hydroxyethyl ethylene urea rewetting agent be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt.%.
- the viscosity of the gravure ink of the present invention will fall between 14 and 90 seconds at 25 °C (measured using a Shell Cup #2) and more preferably is between 16 and 50 seconds at 25 °C.
- the present gravure inks can, however, be used at temperatures of up to 75 °C in this viscosity range.
- the gravure ink of the present invention can be printed on a wide range of substrates such as paper, films and foils and can also be used for sheet-fed printing of rigid surfaces such as board. It should be noted, however, that absorbent substrates require lower ink viscosities than non-porous surfaces, in fact some substrates require the addition of retarding solvents to enable an acceptable print to be achieved.
- a single fluid, water-based gravure ink was prepared from the following components :
- the water present in the ink was supplied by the water contained in the acrylic resin latex, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylene urea and maleated rosin ester components.
- pigment 9-10 ammonia 2-3 water 55-58 hydroxyethylethylene urea (75% solids in water) .5-2.3 polyester resin 7-9 acrylic resin 24-26 ethylene glycol surfactant 1.2-2.3 Total 100.00
- a single fluid, water-based red gravure printing ink was prepared from ' the following formulation: Amount
- Trigloss is a trademark of R&A Auxiliaries.
- Joncryl 68 is a trademark of S.C. Johnson Corp.
- SR-511 is a trademark of the Sartomer Corp.
- a printed coated paper sample containing an ink formulated according to Example 1 was produced on a Chestnut gravure printing press at a print speed of approximately 1,000 feet per minute (fpm) to demonstrate the use of the water-based gravure printing inks of present invention on coated paper.
- the printing plate obtained from Toray Industries, had an aluminum oxide substrate coated with a photopolymer whose surface was hydrophilic in nature, while the non- image area was coated with a silicone polymer.
- the printing press run was carried out at temperatures ranging from 15-20°C .
- the print samples obtained from the press run were fast drying, clear and sharp with stable tack. There was no discernible toning in the non-image area.
- Optical photomicrographs of the print samples showed a smoother surface than print samples printed with gravure inks formulated without hydroxyethylethylene urea. These print samples were brittle and had a more rigid as seen from numerous cracks on the print film surface.
- Example 2 The single fluid, water-based red gravure printing ink prepared in Example 2 was run at the Chestnut press using a carrier board substrate.
- the print quality was a better than that of a comparative solvent based ink system and provided 20-25% higher gloss.
- Example 4 The single fluid, water-based red gravure printing ink prepared in Example 4 was run for "Teabag” printability.
- the print quality observed was comparable to that of the existing solvent based ink system containing 7-12 wt.% VOCs.
- Amount (wt Component Red Blue blue base (SunChemical 52-1339) (a) 27.0 red base (SunChemical RCD-9017) (a) 27.0 polyester (Trigloss RD0110) (b) 22.78 22.78 acrylic emulsion (Neocryl XA-5048) ⁇ c) 45.55 45.55 hydroxyethylethylene urea (SR-511) (d) 0.51 0.51 defoamer (Foamex 805 & 3062, @l:l) (e) 0.07 0.07 ethylene glycol surfactant 2.04 2.04
- Trigloss is a trademark of R&A Auxiliaries.
- Neocryl is a trademark of ICI Industries.
- SR-511 is a trademark of the Sartomer Corp.
- Foamex 805 & 3062 are trademarks of the Tego Chemie Corp.
- Both printing inks were run on a Chestnut press using a carrier board substrate.
- the print quality was better than that of a comparative solvent based ink and provided a 20-25% increase in gloss.
- a color matched single fluid, water-based gravure ink was prepared having the following formulation:
- Vancryl 68SN is a trademark of Air Products Corp.
- AquaPoly 250 is a trademark of Micro Powders, Inc.
- Trigloss is a trademark of R&A Auxiliaries.
- Neocryl is a trademark of ICI Industries.
- SR-511 is a trademark of the Sartomer Corp.
- the ink was printed on the rough side of SBS board (available from James River Corp.) The print quality observed was comparable to a comparative solvent based ink.
- a screen ink system for wallpaper was converted into flexo-gravure application, the blend vehicle was modified with hydroxyethylethylene urea.
- Four colors of single fluid, water-based gravure inks were prepared having the following formulation:
- Lucidene is a trademark of Mobay Industries.
- L493 is a trademark of Drew Chemical.
- RM2020 NPR is a trademark of Rohm & Haas Corp.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002297046A CA2297046A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-11 | Water-based gravure printing ink |
EP98956679A EP0988349A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-11 | Water-based gravure printing ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US97753197A | 1997-11-25 | 1997-11-25 | |
US08/977,531 | 1997-11-25 | ||
US09/178,621 | 1998-10-26 | ||
US09/178,621 US5972088A (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1998-10-26 | Water-based gravure printing ink |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999027023A1 true WO1999027023A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
Family
ID=26874491
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/023845 WO1999027023A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-11-11 | Water-based gravure printing ink |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5972088A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0988349A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2297046A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999027023A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2002031692A (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-31 | Ricoh Elemex Corp | Charger for small apparatus such as watch |
CN103709824A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-09 | 南京上元油墨厂 | Aqueous intaglio plastic ink |
EP2542633A4 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2016-03-09 | Sun Chemical Corp | Viscoelasticity of inks for high speeding printing |
WO2018149990A1 (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | Kao Corporation | Flexographic printing ink |
EP3540016A4 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-07-15 | Kao Corporation | Aqueous gravure ink |
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US20020083865A1 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 2002-07-04 | Ramasamy Krishnan | Water-based offset lithographic printing inks containing polymerizable surfactants |
US6437023B1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2002-08-20 | Cubic Co., Ltd. | Liquid pressure transfer ink, liquid pressure transfer film, liquid pressure transfer product and liquid pressure transfer method |
US6727295B2 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2004-04-27 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Energy curable gravure inks incorporating grafted pigments |
JP2001030611A (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-06 | Nihon Tokkyo Kanri Co Ltd | Gravure printing method using aqueous gravure ink, plate cylinder used for application of the method and printed matter printed by the method |
ATE317879T1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2006-03-15 | Canadian Bank Note Co Ltd | GRATOGRAPH INKS WITH IMPROVED DISPERSIBILITY AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE |
AU2001229519A1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-24 | Environmental Concrete Colorants, Llc | Colored building materials |
US6469125B1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-10-22 | Arizona Chemical Company | Tall oil pitch-modified phenolic resin and methods related thereto |
US6765040B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-07-20 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Publication gravure printing inks based on silicone modified water-based emulsions |
DE60306632D1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2006-08-17 | Sun Chemical Corp | VISCOSITY-STABILIZING VEHICLE MIXTURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLEXODURC COLORS ON WATER BASIS |
US6709503B1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-03-23 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Waterbased heatset offset ink compositions |
US7018453B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2006-03-28 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Low VOC web offset heatset inks |
US7455725B2 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2008-11-25 | Mattel, Inc. | Washable marker ink composition |
US7674327B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2010-03-09 | Global Printing Solutions, Inc. | Flexographic ink compositions |
US20060219130A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Allison Cynthia L | Water-based extender vehicle composition, and method for tinting and use |
FR2886210B1 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-11-28 | Guillaume Abou | TEXTILE PRINTABLE PRINT HOLDER |
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US9017867B2 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2015-04-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Self assembled multi-layer nanocomposite of graphene and metal oxide materials |
US8835046B2 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2014-09-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Self assembled multi-layer nanocomposite of graphene and metal oxide materials |
CN101967319B (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-02-13 | 武汉大学 | Water-based ink for radio frequency identification antenna and preparation method thereof |
US8557441B2 (en) | 2010-10-09 | 2013-10-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Titania-graphene anode electrode paper |
CN102492328A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-13 | 天津市中源装饰材料有限公司 | Bright environment-friendly water-based printing ink and preparation method thereof |
CN115369693B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2024-03-15 | 浙江特美新材料股份有限公司 | Intelligent production system of tipping paper for cigarettes and printing ink used by intelligent production system |
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- 1998-11-11 CA CA002297046A patent/CA2297046A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-11 EP EP98956679A patent/EP0988349A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-11 WO PCT/US1998/023845 patent/WO1999027023A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2002031692A (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-31 | Ricoh Elemex Corp | Charger for small apparatus such as watch |
JP4618749B2 (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2011-01-26 | リコーエレメックス株式会社 | Charging device for small equipment provided with clock part |
EP2542633A4 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2016-03-09 | Sun Chemical Corp | Viscoelasticity of inks for high speeding printing |
CN103709824A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-09 | 南京上元油墨厂 | Aqueous intaglio plastic ink |
EP3540016A4 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-07-15 | Kao Corporation | Aqueous gravure ink |
US11535764B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2022-12-27 | Kao Corporation | Aqueous gravure ink |
WO2018149990A1 (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | Kao Corporation | Flexographic printing ink |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2297046A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
EP0988349A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
US5972088A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
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