WO1999025126A1 - Selective call message display format control - Google Patents

Selective call message display format control Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999025126A1
WO1999025126A1 PCT/US1998/022892 US9822892W WO9925126A1 WO 1999025126 A1 WO1999025126 A1 WO 1999025126A1 US 9822892 W US9822892 W US 9822892W WO 9925126 A1 WO9925126 A1 WO 9925126A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
selective call
messaging device
call messaging
message
presentation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/022892
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gary James Morse
Robert Nathan Nelms
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc. filed Critical Motorola Inc.
Priority to AU12050/99A priority Critical patent/AU1205099A/en
Publication of WO1999025126A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999025126A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • H04W88/022Selective call receivers
    • H04W88/025Selective call decoders
    • H04W88/026Selective call decoders using digital address codes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B5/00Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
    • G08B5/22Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G08B5/222Personal calling arrangements or devices, i.e. paging systems
    • G08B5/223Personal calling arrangements or devices, i.e. paging systems using wireless transmission
    • G08B5/224Paging receivers with visible signalling details
    • G08B5/225Display details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/487Arrangements for providing information services, e.g. recorded voice services or time announcements
    • H04M3/493Interactive information services, e.g. directory enquiries ; Arrangements therefor, e.g. interactive voice response [IVR] systems or voice portals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2203/00Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M2203/20Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to features of supplementary services
    • H04M2203/2016Call initiation by network rather than by subscriber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42017Customized ring-back tones

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to wireless messaging and more particularly to consistently formatting messages received by a wireless messaging receiver.
  • a conventional selective call messaging device e.g., a receiver and/or transmitter, often can receive messages from more than one sources .
  • Sources are distinguished from each other typically by an address information associated with each message.
  • the address information correlates, or matches, a predetermined address in the selective call messaging device, the selective call messaging device receives and stores the message from a particular information source.
  • Modern selective call services or service providers are capable of sending multiple types of data including information services, for example, stock market, weather, sports, news or other information, periodically to a subscribing selective call messaging device (receiver or transceiver) .
  • information services for example, stock market, weather, sports, news or other information
  • a subscribing selective call messaging device receiveriver or transceiver
  • service providers may pre-format the information into a specific format, e.g., either right of left justified or in aligned columns, a problem results if one selective call messaging device presents this information differently from another due to differing display characteristics such as pixel density, the number of horizontal character cells, or vertical lines.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram of a selective call system for providing information services in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs . 2-4 are timing diagrams illustrating the transmission format of an interleaved information signaling protocol utilized by the selective call system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a first message format processing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a message format processing procedure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a selective call messaging device for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical block diagram of a selective call system (or radio frequency communication system) for generating and transmitting (or broadcasting) a selective call signal (or communication signal) including either personal messages or a plurality of information services in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the functions of the selective call system 100 are preferably implemented within software, for example within a MODAXTM 500 Selective Call Terminal which is manufactured by Motorola Inc.
  • a subscriber can send a message by using a telephone 102 to initiate a transmission of a selective call message.
  • the telephone 102 couples to the selective call system 100, in particularly a base station or base site via a telephone network 104, the operation of which is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a computer/modem 106 is also coupled to the telephone network 104 to enter information, for example alphanumeric or numeric messages .
  • the telephone network 104 couples to a message receiver 108 which receives the messages to be transmitted (broadcast) to at least one of a plurality of selective call messaging devices 130 typically from the public switched telephone network 104.
  • a plurality of information services 140-152 are coupled to the telephone interface network which is coupled to a processor 109 via the message receiver 108.
  • the plurality of information service providers 140-152 can be received as radio frequency signal by an antenna 202.
  • the base site processor (encoder) 109 When the base site processor (encoder) 109 receives information which is periodically transmitted as updates, the information is encoded as a message in the form of a selective call signal (or communication signal) . Specifically, the processor 109, coupled to the message receiver 108, determines an appropriate protocol, preferably, the FLEXTM protocol, and address to encode the information service. If the processor 109 determines that the message is to be sent via another signal format, it is passed to one of another protocol generator 116 which can include other protocol generators well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the processor 109 coupled to the message receiver 108, determines an appropriate protocol, preferably, the FLEXTM protocol, and address to encode the information service. If the processor 109 determines that the message is to be sent via another signal format, it is passed to one of another protocol generator 116 which can include other protocol generators well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the processor When the processor has determined that the information services and any messages are to be transmitted on the FLEXTM protocol, the information is encoded and stored in a frame queue buffer 110 which has queues (FRAME 0-N QUEUES) for the corresponding frames of the signal, and in this example of the present invention, the corresponding number of frames N is 128.
  • the predetermined frame identification (ID) of the selective call messaging device 130 corresponding to the message is determined and the message is stored in the corresponding frame queue.
  • a capacity analyzer and frame ID/cycle generator 112 determine the sequence of frame IDs to be transmitted and analyze the capacity of each frame to determine the cycle value to be used. The capacity analyzer 112 is also responsive to other protocols being transmitted.
  • a bit and frame sync generator 118 synchronously generates bit and frame synchronization signals.
  • a message formatter 114 determines, in response to the address of selective call messaging devices 130 and the frame queue, the frame which the information is to be included, and a respective message formatting width in display units . The messages are then formatted for transmission.
  • a transmitter 120 accepts signals from blocks 118, 114 and 116 and modulates and transmits radio frequency selective call signals to selective call messaging devices 130 via antenna 122 in a manner well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • FIGs . 2-4 timing diagrams of a signaling protocol in accordance with the preferred protocol for selective call messages are shown according to FIG. 1.
  • the selective call protocol is encoded, preferably according to the FLEXTM protocol, in a number of, preferably one-hundred-twenty-eight (128) , message packets or frames 200.
  • Each frame 200 is preferably 1.875 seconds in duration and has a preferred base data rate of 6400 bits per second.
  • a preferred base data rate 6400 bits per second.
  • each frame is comprised of a bit sync signal 302, preferably 32 bits of alternating 1,0 patterns, followed by a FRAME SYNC #1 signal 304 preferably having a predetermined thirty-two bit words and its thirty-two bit inverse, and a FRAME INFO signal 306, preferably one thirty-two bit word having twenty-one variable information bits containing information such as a cycle number and a frame number.
  • the BIT SYNC signal 302 provides bit synchronization to the selective call messaging device (s) 130 while the FRAME SYNC #1 signal 304 provides frame synchronization and includes a signal indicative of the data rate of the message information.
  • FRAME SYNC #2 308 Following the FRAME SYNC #2 308 is a block info word signal 310 including information such as the number of priority addresses, end of block information field, and vector start field.
  • the code word of each frames 200 is preferably encoded as 31,21 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code words having twenty-one information bits and ten parity bits generated according to the well known BCH algorithm. An additional even parity bit extends the word to a 32,21 code word.
  • BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem
  • all of the address signals within the frame are located in a first portion 312 and the information or message signals are located in a subsequent portion of the block 316. It is well known to those skilled in the art how to locate addresses 312 in a first portion and message information 316 in a second portion of the frame 200.
  • the addresses 312 may be located at the beginning, end, or anywhere in the frame 200, so long as the selective call messaging device 130 can recover and properly decode the addresses which indicates selection of the selective call messaging device 130.
  • the addresses are located at the beginning of the frame 200 so the selective call messaging device can, at the earliest opportunity, determine whether its address is present in the protocol frame being examined. This allows the selective call messaging device's address correlator 214 and decoder 212 to remain on only long enough to determine selection, or when selected, decode the incoming selective call message.
  • Words 310-316 are shown in a vertical orientation to indicate that these words may be interleaved in order to improve the immunity of the transmission to burst errors. It is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that interleaving may be modified or eliminated.
  • the message information words 316 are illustrated in more detail according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the timing diagram further explodes the block 316 containing the address and selective call message 402.
  • the selective call message 402 comprises numeric 404 and/or alphanumeric 406 characters, as well as device dependent control elements 408. Additional selective call messages 410 may follow in sequence, as in a conventional selective call signalling system.
  • the device dependent control elements may be conventional American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters such as a carriage return symbol, a line feed symbol, a form feed symbol, a back space symbol, or the like.
  • ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  • the device dependent control elements 408 may be unique combinations of non- printable ASCII characters representing special presentation functions such as clear screen, inverse character background contrast presentation, blinking character background contrast presentation, foreground and background color selection, an audible or tactile event (e.g., a beep, tone, vibration, or sequence thereof) or other sensory enhancing features embodied in a particular selective call messaging device.
  • special presentation functions such as clear screen, inverse character background contrast presentation, blinking character background contrast presentation, foreground and background color selection, an audible or tactile event (e.g., a beep, tone, vibration, or sequence thereof) or other sensory enhancing features embodied in a particular selective call messaging device.
  • audible or tactile event e.g., a beep, tone, vibration, or sequence thereof
  • each selective call message may have a unique format .
  • the controller 210 operates to decode only those device dependent control elements 408 which it can present. In an information services broadcast system, this feature permits a service provider to pre-format information at a processing location only once, and generate a corresponding selective call message 402, 410 that is sent to all selected subscribers. Since the selective call messaging device uses the device dependent control elements 408 to present a received message with respect to the display capability of the particular selective call messaging device, all selective call messaging devices can present the received message in a manner that substantially resembles the format intended by the information service provider.
  • the received message may be presented in a format that best uses the limited capabilities of a particular selective call messaging device 130 that may not have a display 228 which is fully capable of presenting the message as intended by the service provider. Instances of the preceding cases will be illustrated in the following figures .
  • the illustration shows a message format processing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
  • an information feed from an information service provider such as the Associated PressTM, Cable News NetworkTM or the New York Stock ExchangeTM.
  • These information feeds may contain preset formatting which is not simply free form text (for example tables or information meant to fit on exactly one screen) .
  • conventional wireless selective call messaging devices need to specially format the information for each type of selective call messaging device. If this information is received by another selective call messaging device that has different display capabilities and different formatting rules, the information will not appear correctly and in most cases would require totally new broadcast to make the data of interest appear correctly.
  • Device 1 Display Capabilities: text only; screen width 20 characters; screen height 4 lines; font capabilities: single monospaced font, one color, one size, and one style; display control characters: line feed and carriage return; and display rules: word wrapping based on whole words, and first space removal in line.
  • Device 2 Display Capabilities: text and graphics; screen width 26 characters; screen height 8 lines; font capabilities: multiple fonts (proportional, non proportional), multi-color, multi-size, and multi-style; display control characters: line feed and carriage return, shift control, control sequence for font selection and options, placement controls for graphics .
  • Table 2 shows information formatted for a 26 column wide display as it would be presented on a 20 column wide display.
  • This invention provides a method for solving this presentation problem by optimizing the display format of messages across a range of display capabilities. Using a display format control method there are several ways this same information could be made to fit .
  • This invention comprises two possible methods which employ a command or control character structure that allows a range of different devices to process incoming information in a device dependent manner.
  • the end result is that a single formatted message can be correctly interpreted by a diverse range of selective call messaging devices having a range of display capabilities, and the incoming data is presented in a manner which is best suited for a particular device.
  • FIG. 5 shows a formatting process 502 comprising a set of rules 504 that are applied to an incoming message 506.
  • the incoming message 506 contains numeric, alphanumeric, and other printable and non printable characters such as spaces, ⁇ CR>, or ⁇ LF> .
  • a selective call messaging device decodes the incoming message 506 and presents the incoming message 506 according to the display capability of a particular selective call messaging device 508, 510, 512, 514.
  • a first display 508 introduces hard line breaks into the presentation, thus making the resulting message hard to read. This is due to the fact that the first display 508 is only 16 character cells wide.
  • the message is displayed as intended by the service or information provider. Correct presentation is due to the fact that the second 510, third
  • 512, and fourth 514 displays have enough horizontal character cells to allow proper presentation on the incoming message 506. Accordingly, when an incoming message is received that includes less characters than the display width, and each selective call messaging device consistently treats special characters such as ⁇ CR> and ⁇ LF>, the incoming message will be correctly displayed.
  • FIG. 6 the illustration shows a second message format processing procedure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the incoming message 606 includes special characters embedded in the message.
  • Table 3 gives examples of specific characters that might be used, and their meanings to specific selective call messaging devices.
  • all conforming selective call messaging devices can receive the same incoming message 606, and each selective call messaging device will format the information differently depending on a device specific interpretation of the special characters.
  • a rule set 604 is used by each device to implement a special character formatting process 602 that results in the incoming message
  • FIG. 6 is typical of a standard alphanumeric information display for use with the selective call messaging device.
  • Each of the first 508, second 510, third 512, and fourth 514 display devices shows presentation examples of the incoming message 506, 606 including stock market information.
  • the actual message may be any number of lines, some of which are not immediately presented on the display, but maintained in message memory 226 as shown in FIG. 7.
  • ticker symbols e.g., IBM, MSFT, MOT
  • the ticker symbols are left aligned, while the stock prices are right aligned, the trend indicators are left aligned, and the percent change is right aligned.
  • every display had the same number of horizontal character elements, and the characters or symbols were monospaced, then all messages could be presented in the same format on such displays without requiring special formatting.
  • selective call messaging devices have many different display types and capabilities. Accordingly, without the present invention, selective call messaging devices will and do present formatted data in dissimilar formats, with some devices presenting information that is completely unreadable because of unwanted line breaks caused by incorrectly interpreting special or control characters.
  • the block diagram illustrates a selective call messaging device for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the selective call messaging device comprises 130 a controller 210 such as a microcomputer manufactured by Motorola, Inc., e.g., a 68HC11K4 or MC68HC11PH8 or the like, which includes or is coupled to a signal processor that performs the functions of a decoder which is normally implemented in both hardware and software.
  • the signal processor may include an address correlator 214 and a decoder 212, both of which operate using methods and techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the address correlator 214 checks the recovered information signal from the output of a demodulator 206 for address information and correlates a recovered address with one of a plurality of predetermined addresses that are stored in the selective call messaging device's non-volatile memory 220.
  • the decoder 212 After the address correlator 214 determines that the received signal is directed to the selective call messaging device 130, e.g., by correlating the address in the received signal 312 to one of the predetermined addresses in the memory 220, the decoder 212 continues to decode the signal for the message field(s) 316 to determine if the message contains information to be presented by the selective call messaging device.
  • the memory 220 is programmed, e.g., via over-the-air techniques or other appropriate methods of programming, with the subscribed information service addresses .
  • the selective call messaging device 130 After receiving via antenna 202, decoding, and storing a received selective call message or a selected information service message, the selective call messaging device 130 typically presents at least a portion of the stored message to a user, such as by a display 228 such as the first 508, second 510, third 512, or fourth 514 displays mentioned in FIGs . 5 and 6.
  • the display is a liquid crystal display.
  • an alert may be presented to the user via an output annunciator 232.
  • the alert can include an audible alert, a visual alert, a vibratory or silent alert, or a combination of the aforementioned alerts, using known methods and techniques .
  • a support circuit 224 preferably comprises a conventional signal multiplexing integrated circuit, a voltage regulator and control mechanism, a current regulator and control mechanism, audio power amplifier circuitry, control interface circuitry, and display illumination circuitry. These elements are arranged to provide support for the functions of the selective call messaging device 130 as requested by a user. Additionally, the controller 210 determines whether to conserve power upon detection or absence of specific address information. That is, when a received and recovered address correlates with a predetermined address in the non-volatile memory 220, the controller checks the information corresponding to the correlated predetermined address to determine whether that address is enabled. If the controller 210 determines that the correlated predetermined address is not enabled then the decoder 212 is not enabled.
  • the controller instructs a battery saver 218 to begin conserving the power of the selective call messaging device 130.
  • the battery saver signals the support circuit 224 to enter a low power mode (battery save mode) in which battery 234 power is selectively coupled and decoupled to certain circuits. A number of power consuming circuits may be directed to a low power or standby mode of operation. Additionally, the signal from the battery saver signals, or strobes, the receiver circuitry 204 to a low power mode to conserve power.
  • the selective call messaging device 130 conserves power immediately.
  • the battery saver will re-enable the receiver 204 and other circuits at some later time.
  • Methods of power conservation strobing in selective call messaging devices are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the controller inhibits any alerts to the user via the output annunciator. By not alerting again, power conservation is maximized.
  • the information corresponding to each predetermined address stored in the memory 220 allows the controller to disable functions in the selective call messaging device 130, and to conserve power when a correlated address is disabled, e.g., when no information service is selected for the address port.
  • Input controls 230 are coupled to a memory 222 and a user interface 216 for receiving user inputs, including but not limited to programming, manipulating data and sending commands to the selective call messaging device 130.
  • an encoder generates a selective call signal comprising the address corresponding with the selective call messaging device and a formatted message.
  • a transmitter 120 then broadcasts the selective call signal to at least one of a plurality of selective call messaging devices 130.
  • the selective call messaging device 130 uses a receiver to receive the selective call signal.
  • the processor correlates the recovered address with the predetermined address stored in the selective call messaging device, and determines selection of the device.
  • the decoder operates to decode the formatted message in response to the processor determining selection of the selective messaging call device.
  • the selective call messaging device 130 includes a presentation manager 502, 504, 602, 604 that operates in one of two modes. In a first mode, the selective call messaging device 130 operates to present the formatted message on the information display 228 as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device 130 independent from any formatting information contained in the formatted message. In the second mode, the selective call messaging device 130 operates to present the formatted message on an information display 228 as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device in conjunction with formatting information contained in the formatted message.
  • the formatted message may comprise numeric, alphanumeric, and control characters ordered such that any device receiving the formatted message can either operate in accordance with the information contained in the message or ignore that portion of the information relating to non-printable or non-displayable characters, as in the ASCII character set or the like.
  • the presentation manager 502, 504, 602, 604 from FIGs. 5 and 6 comprises a set of text presentation rules based on the intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device.
  • a first rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated carriage return character as a carriage return - line feed command pair
  • a second rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated line feed character as a carriage return - line feed command pair
  • a third rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret a horizontal tab character as a command to skip a number of horizontal character cells.
  • This rule set can be extended to accommodate situations requiring the effective presentation of textual or graphical messages on display devices having less capability than the information content of the message.
  • a graphical message transmitted in color would be converted to a dithered black and white image for presentation on a monochromatic display device.
  • a message containing text originally formatted in a proportional font would be rendered in a monospaced font on a display device having only monospaced presentation capability.
  • These device dependent attributes are referred to as intrinsic presentation capabilities.
  • Further examples of intrinsic presentation capabilities are devices that present a message with proportionally spaced characters or tabular column alignment of characters. The result of this process is the information display presenting at least a portion of the received message in accordance with a format determined by the capabilities of the selective call messaging device preferably in conjunction with the formatting information contained in the incoming message.

Abstract

A selective call messaging device (130) includes a presentation manager (502, 504, 602, 604) that presents a formatted message on an information display (228) as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device (130) either dependent on or independent form any formatting information contained in the formatted message.

Description

SELECTIVE CALL MESSAGE DISPLAY FORMAT CONTROL
Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to wireless messaging and more particularly to consistently formatting messages received by a wireless messaging receiver.
Background of the Invention
A conventional selective call messaging device, e.g., a receiver and/or transmitter, often can receive messages from more than one sources . Sources are distinguished from each other typically by an address information associated with each message. When the address information correlates, or matches, a predetermined address in the selective call messaging device, the selective call messaging device receives and stores the message from a particular information source.
Modern selective call services or service providers are capable of sending multiple types of data including information services, for example, stock market, weather, sports, news or other information, periodically to a subscribing selective call messaging device (receiver or transceiver) . Before long, hundreds of information services are likely to be broadcast to selective call messaging devices. Because service providers may pre-format the information into a specific format, e.g., either right of left justified or in aligned columns, a problem results if one selective call messaging device presents this information differently from another due to differing display characteristics such as pixel density, the number of horizontal character cells, or vertical lines.
Thus, what is needed is an apparatus that allows messages received from personal sources or information services to be received and presented in a consistent fashion across a number of selective call messaging devices, allowing all users to view messages as intended by the information provider. Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram of a selective call system for providing information services in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIGs . 2-4 are timing diagrams illustrating the transmission format of an interleaved information signaling protocol utilized by the selective call system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a first message format processing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a message format processing procedure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a selective call messaging device for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of a Preferred Embodiment
FIG. 1 shows an electrical block diagram of a selective call system (or radio frequency communication system) for generating and transmitting (or broadcasting) a selective call signal (or communication signal) including either personal messages or a plurality of information services in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The functions of the selective call system 100 are preferably implemented within software, for example within a MODAX™ 500 Selective Call Terminal which is manufactured by Motorola Inc. Typically, a subscriber can send a message by using a telephone 102 to initiate a transmission of a selective call message. As is well known, the telephone 102 couples to the selective call system 100, in particularly a base station or base site via a telephone network 104, the operation of which is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Similarly, a computer/modem 106 is also coupled to the telephone network 104 to enter information, for example alphanumeric or numeric messages . The telephone network 104 couples to a message receiver 108 which receives the messages to be transmitted (broadcast) to at least one of a plurality of selective call messaging devices 130 typically from the public switched telephone network 104. According to an alternate embodiment, a plurality of information services 140-152 are coupled to the telephone interface network which is coupled to a processor 109 via the message receiver 108. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the plurality of information service providers 140-152 can be received as radio frequency signal by an antenna 202.
When the base site processor (encoder) 109 receives information which is periodically transmitted as updates, the information is encoded as a message in the form of a selective call signal (or communication signal) . Specifically, the processor 109, coupled to the message receiver 108, determines an appropriate protocol, preferably, the FLEX™ protocol, and address to encode the information service. If the processor 109 determines that the message is to be sent via another signal format, it is passed to one of another protocol generator 116 which can include other protocol generators well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. When the processor has determined that the information services and any messages are to be transmitted on the FLEX™ protocol, the information is encoded and stored in a frame queue buffer 110 which has queues (FRAME 0-N QUEUES) for the corresponding frames of the signal, and in this example of the present invention, the corresponding number of frames N is 128. The predetermined frame identification (ID) of the selective call messaging device 130 corresponding to the message is determined and the message is stored in the corresponding frame queue. A capacity analyzer and frame ID/cycle generator 112 determine the sequence of frame IDs to be transmitted and analyze the capacity of each frame to determine the cycle value to be used. The capacity analyzer 112 is also responsive to other protocols being transmitted. For example, if the expected occurrence of a frame is to be replaced by the transmission of one of the other protocols (thereby diminishing the capacity of the frame) , the capacity analyzer 112 can account for this with the determined cycle value. A bit and frame sync generator 118 synchronously generates bit and frame synchronization signals. A message formatter 114 determines, in response to the address of selective call messaging devices 130 and the frame queue, the frame which the information is to be included, and a respective message formatting width in display units . The messages are then formatted for transmission. A transmitter 120 accepts signals from blocks 118, 114 and 116 and modulates and transmits radio frequency selective call signals to selective call messaging devices 130 via antenna 122 in a manner well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to FIGs . 2-4, timing diagrams of a signaling protocol in accordance with the preferred protocol for selective call messages are shown according to FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 2, the selective call protocol is encoded, preferably according to the FLEX™ protocol, in a number of, preferably one-hundred-twenty-eight (128) , message packets or frames 200. Each frame 200 is preferably 1.875 seconds in duration and has a preferred base data rate of 6400 bits per second. Although, it will be appreciated that other data rates can be used including the ability to use multiple data rates .
Referring to FIG. 3, each frame is comprised of a bit sync signal 302, preferably 32 bits of alternating 1,0 patterns, followed by a FRAME SYNC #1 signal 304 preferably having a predetermined thirty-two bit words and its thirty-two bit inverse, and a FRAME INFO signal 306, preferably one thirty-two bit word having twenty-one variable information bits containing information such as a cycle number and a frame number. The BIT SYNC signal 302 provides bit synchronization to the selective call messaging device (s) 130 while the FRAME SYNC #1 signal 304 provides frame synchronization and includes a signal indicative of the data rate of the message information.
Following the FRAME INFO word 306 is a FRAME SYNC #2 308. Following the FRAME SYNC #2 308 is a block info word signal 310 including information such as the number of priority addresses, end of block information field, and vector start field. The code word of each frames 200 is preferably encoded as 31,21 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code words having twenty-one information bits and ten parity bits generated according to the well known BCH algorithm. An additional even parity bit extends the word to a 32,21 code word. The addresses are located in block 312 and the vectors pointing to the messages are located in block 314 and the messages are located in the remaining blocks 316. Generally, all of the address signals within the frame are located in a first portion 312 and the information or message signals are located in a subsequent portion of the block 316. It is well known to those skilled in the art how to locate addresses 312 in a first portion and message information 316 in a second portion of the frame 200. The addresses 312 may be located at the beginning, end, or anywhere in the frame 200, so long as the selective call messaging device 130 can recover and properly decode the addresses which indicates selection of the selective call messaging device 130. Preferably, the addresses are located at the beginning of the frame 200 so the selective call messaging device can, at the earliest opportunity, determine whether its address is present in the protocol frame being examined. This allows the selective call messaging device's address correlator 214 and decoder 212 to remain on only long enough to determine selection, or when selected, decode the incoming selective call message.
Words 310-316 are shown in a vertical orientation to indicate that these words may be interleaved in order to improve the immunity of the transmission to burst errors. It is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that interleaving may be modified or eliminated.
Referring to FIG. 4, the message information words 316 are illustrated in more detail according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The timing diagram further explodes the block 316 containing the address and selective call message 402. The selective call message 402 comprises numeric 404 and/or alphanumeric 406 characters, as well as device dependent control elements 408. Additional selective call messages 410 may follow in sequence, as in a conventional selective call signalling system. The device dependent control elements may be conventional American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters such as a carriage return symbol, a line feed symbol, a form feed symbol, a back space symbol, or the like. Alternatively, the device dependent control elements 408 may be unique combinations of non- printable ASCII characters representing special presentation functions such as clear screen, inverse character background contrast presentation, blinking character background contrast presentation, foreground and background color selection, an audible or tactile event (e.g., a beep, tone, vibration, or sequence thereof) or other sensory enhancing features embodied in a particular selective call messaging device. One of ordinary sill in the art will realize that any combination of bits not reserved for printable ASCII characters may be selected as device dependent control elements 408, and that common "ESCAPE" sequences may be used that include printable ASCII characters which are interpreted as a control sequence for extended presentation of information by a selective call messaging device 130. By embedding these device dependent control elements within the selective call message instead of transmitting them separately, system efficiency is improved. Accordingly, each selective call message may have a unique format . At the selective call messaging device 130, the controller 210 operates to decode only those device dependent control elements 408 which it can present. In an information services broadcast system, this feature permits a service provider to pre-format information at a processing location only once, and generate a corresponding selective call message 402, 410 that is sent to all selected subscribers. Since the selective call messaging device uses the device dependent control elements 408 to present a received message with respect to the display capability of the particular selective call messaging device, all selective call messaging devices can present the received message in a manner that substantially resembles the format intended by the information service provider. Alternatively, the received message may be presented in a format that best uses the limited capabilities of a particular selective call messaging device 130 that may not have a display 228 which is fully capable of presenting the message as intended by the service provider. Instances of the preceding cases will be illustrated in the following figures .
Referring to FIG. 5, the illustration shows a message format processing procedure in accordance with the present invention.
By way of example, consider an information feed from an information service provider such as the Associated Press™, Cable News Network™ or the New York Stock Exchange™. These information feeds may contain preset formatting which is not simply free form text (for example tables or information meant to fit on exactly one screen) . To correctly present the information, conventional wireless selective call messaging devices need to specially format the information for each type of selective call messaging device. If this information is received by another selective call messaging device that has different display capabilities and different formatting rules, the information will not appear correctly and in most cases would require totally new broadcast to make the data of interest appear correctly.
Consider two different devices with different display capabilities and controls as follows. Device 1 - Display Capabilities: text only; screen width 20 characters; screen height 4 lines; font capabilities: single monospaced font, one color, one size, and one style; display control characters: line feed and carriage return; and display rules: word wrapping based on whole words, and first space removal in line.
Device 2 - Display Capabilities: text and graphics; screen width 26 characters; screen height 8 lines; font capabilities: multiple fonts (proportional, non proportional), multi-color, multi-size, and multi-style; display control characters: line feed and carriage return, shift control, control sequence for font selection and options, placement controls for graphics .
From this list of display capabilities, one can determine that an information broadcast which contains information formatted for device 2 will be not be correctly presented by device 1. Thus, in a conventional system, the information must be re-formatted and resent in a separate format to accommodate the display capabilities of device 1. A very simple example of differing device capabilities is that some devices interpret a carriage return <CR> line feed <LF> pair as a single carriage return and line feed where the next text appears on the following line. However, other devices interpret either character <CR> or <LF> to mean both <CR> and <LF>. In this case if the device sees both of these characters together the next text appears to skip a line before starting again. This creates an intolerable display formatting problem because of the extra line inserted after each <CR> or <LF> received and interpreted. Another problem arises when considering the presentation of information formatted for a 26 column display on a 20 column display. In this case, word-wrapping causes the data to be presented in a format other than that intended by the service provider. Consider the example where financial information is pre-formatted, and you would like to present this information consistently on two or more different devices. In this example, Table 1 shows information formatted for a 26 column display.
Position 12345678901234567890123456
Information IBM 158 1/8 +11 +6.2% MSFT 114 1/2 -1/4 -0.2% MOT 58 1/8 +1/2 +1.4%
Table 1
Table 2 shows information formatted for a 26 column wide display as it would be presented on a 20 column wide display.
Figure imgf000011_0001
Table 2
This invention provides a method for solving this presentation problem by optimizing the display format of messages across a range of display capabilities. Using a display format control method there are several ways this same information could be made to fit .
This invention comprises two possible methods which employ a command or control character structure that allows a range of different devices to process incoming information in a device dependent manner. The end result is that a single formatted message can be correctly interpreted by a diverse range of selective call messaging devices having a range of display capabilities, and the incoming data is presented in a manner which is best suited for a particular device. FIG. 5 shows a formatting process 502 comprising a set of rules 504 that are applied to an incoming message 506. In this case, the incoming message 506 contains numeric, alphanumeric, and other printable and non printable characters such as spaces, <CR>, or <LF> . A selective call messaging device decodes the incoming message 506 and presents the incoming message 506 according to the display capability of a particular selective call messaging device 508, 510, 512, 514. As can be seen, a first display 508 introduces hard line breaks into the presentation, thus making the resulting message hard to read. This is due to the fact that the first display 508 is only 16 character cells wide. However, when the incoming message 506 is presented on a second 510, third 512, and fourth 514 display, the message is displayed as intended by the service or information provider. Correct presentation is due to the fact that the second 510, third
512, and fourth 514 displays have enough horizontal character cells to allow proper presentation on the incoming message 506. Accordingly, when an incoming message is received that includes less characters than the display width, and each selective call messaging device consistently treats special characters such as <CR> and <LF>, the incoming message will be correctly displayed.
Referring to FIG. 6, the illustration shows a second message format processing procedure in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 6, the incoming message 606 includes special characters embedded in the message. Table 3 gives examples of specific characters that might be used, and their meanings to specific selective call messaging devices.
Figure imgf000012_0001
Table 3
By embedding these special characters, all conforming selective call messaging devices can receive the same incoming message 606, and each selective call messaging device will format the information differently depending on a device specific interpretation of the special characters. A rule set 604 is used by each device to implement a special character formatting process 602 that results in the incoming message
606 being presented on the first 508, second 510, third 512, and fourth 514 display. Notice that in the example shown in FIG. 6, the special characters are acted on by the appropriate device, but not displayed by any of the devices. The displays shown in FIGs . 5 and 6 are typical of a standard alphanumeric information display for use with the selective call messaging device. Each of the first 508, second 510, third 512, and fourth 514 display devices shows presentation examples of the incoming message 506, 606 including stock market information. The actual message may be any number of lines, some of which are not immediately presented on the display, but maintained in message memory 226 as shown in FIG. 7. Note that the ticker symbols, e.g., IBM, MSFT, MOT, are left aligned, while the stock prices are right aligned, the trend indicators are left aligned, and the percent change is right aligned. If every display had the same number of horizontal character elements, and the characters or symbols were monospaced, then all messages could be presented in the same format on such displays without requiring special formatting. However, this is not the case as selective call messaging devices have many different display types and capabilities. Accordingly, without the present invention, selective call messaging devices will and do present formatted data in dissimilar formats, with some devices presenting information that is completely unreadable because of unwanted line breaks caused by incorrectly interpreting special or control characters.
Referring to FIG. 7, the block diagram illustrates a selective call messaging device for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment, the selective call messaging device comprises 130 a controller 210 such as a microcomputer manufactured by Motorola, Inc., e.g., a 68HC11K4 or MC68HC11PH8 or the like, which includes or is coupled to a signal processor that performs the functions of a decoder which is normally implemented in both hardware and software. The signal processor may include an address correlator 214 and a decoder 212, both of which operate using methods and techniques known to those skilled in the art. The address correlator 214 checks the recovered information signal from the output of a demodulator 206 for address information and correlates a recovered address with one of a plurality of predetermined addresses that are stored in the selective call messaging device's non-volatile memory 220. After the address correlator 214 determines that the received signal is directed to the selective call messaging device 130, e.g., by correlating the address in the received signal 312 to one of the predetermined addresses in the memory 220, the decoder 212 continues to decode the signal for the message field(s) 316 to determine if the message contains information to be presented by the selective call messaging device.
When the user of the selective call messaging device 130 has subscribed to at least one information service, the memory 220 is programmed, e.g., via over-the-air techniques or other appropriate methods of programming, with the subscribed information service addresses .
After receiving via antenna 202, decoding, and storing a received selective call message or a selected information service message, the selective call messaging device 130 typically presents at least a portion of the stored message to a user, such as by a display 228 such as the first 508, second 510, third 512, or fourth 514 displays mentioned in FIGs . 5 and 6. Preferably, the display is a liquid crystal display. Additionally, along with receiving, decoding, and storing the information, an alert may be presented to the user via an output annunciator 232. The alert can include an audible alert, a visual alert, a vibratory or silent alert, or a combination of the aforementioned alerts, using known methods and techniques .
A support circuit 224 preferably comprises a conventional signal multiplexing integrated circuit, a voltage regulator and control mechanism, a current regulator and control mechanism, audio power amplifier circuitry, control interface circuitry, and display illumination circuitry. These elements are arranged to provide support for the functions of the selective call messaging device 130 as requested by a user. Additionally, the controller 210 determines whether to conserve power upon detection or absence of specific address information. That is, when a received and recovered address correlates with a predetermined address in the non-volatile memory 220, the controller checks the information corresponding to the correlated predetermined address to determine whether that address is enabled. If the controller 210 determines that the correlated predetermined address is not enabled then the decoder 212 is not enabled. Further, the controller instructs a battery saver 218 to begin conserving the power of the selective call messaging device 130. The battery saver signals the support circuit 224 to enter a low power mode (battery save mode) in which battery 234 power is selectively coupled and decoupled to certain circuits. A number of power consuming circuits may be directed to a low power or standby mode of operation. Additionally, the signal from the battery saver signals, or strobes, the receiver circuitry 204 to a low power mode to conserve power.
In this way, when a correlated address is not enabled, the selective call messaging device 130 conserves power immediately. Of course, the battery saver will re-enable the receiver 204 and other circuits at some later time. Methods of power conservation strobing in selective call messaging devices are known to those skilled in the art. Further, the controller inhibits any alerts to the user via the output annunciator. By not alerting again, power conservation is maximized. The information corresponding to each predetermined address stored in the memory 220 allows the controller to disable functions in the selective call messaging device 130, and to conserve power when a correlated address is disabled, e.g., when no information service is selected for the address port. Input controls 230 are coupled to a memory 222 and a user interface 216 for receiving user inputs, including but not limited to programming, manipulating data and sending commands to the selective call messaging device 130.
In summary, an encoder generates a selective call signal comprising the address corresponding with the selective call messaging device and a formatted message. A transmitter 120 then broadcasts the selective call signal to at least one of a plurality of selective call messaging devices 130.
The selective call messaging device 130 uses a receiver to receive the selective call signal. The processor correlates the recovered address with the predetermined address stored in the selective call messaging device, and determines selection of the device. The decoder operates to decode the formatted message in response to the processor determining selection of the selective messaging call device.
The selective call messaging device 130 includes a presentation manager 502, 504, 602, 604 that operates in one of two modes. In a first mode, the selective call messaging device 130 operates to present the formatted message on the information display 228 as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device 130 independent from any formatting information contained in the formatted message. In the second mode, the selective call messaging device 130 operates to present the formatted message on an information display 228 as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device in conjunction with formatting information contained in the formatted message. The formatted message may comprise numeric, alphanumeric, and control characters ordered such that any device receiving the formatted message can either operate in accordance with the information contained in the message or ignore that portion of the information relating to non-printable or non-displayable characters, as in the ASCII character set or the like.
The presentation manager 502, 504, 602, 604 from FIGs. 5 and 6 comprises a set of text presentation rules based on the intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device. By way of example, a first rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated carriage return character as a carriage return - line feed command pair, a second rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated line feed character as a carriage return - line feed command pair, and a third rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret a horizontal tab character as a command to skip a number of horizontal character cells. This rule set can be extended to accommodate situations requiring the effective presentation of textual or graphical messages on display devices having less capability than the information content of the message. As an example, a graphical message transmitted in color would be converted to a dithered black and white image for presentation on a monochromatic display device. Similarly, a message containing text originally formatted in a proportional font would be rendered in a monospaced font on a display device having only monospaced presentation capability. These device dependent attributes are referred to as intrinsic presentation capabilities. Further examples of intrinsic presentation capabilities are devices that present a message with proportionally spaced characters or tabular column alignment of characters. The result of this process is the information display presenting at least a portion of the received message in accordance with a format determined by the capabilities of the selective call messaging device preferably in conjunction with the formatting information contained in the incoming message. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, the embodiments disclosed herein are general in nature, and may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Modifications contemplated include the extension of the rule set to accommodate rich text formatted messages, decoding and presentation of proprietary message formats such as associated with commercial computer word processing, presentation, and drawing programs, as well as the rendering of portable document format files or the like. The real power of this invention comes from its ability to present a number of information content messages on messaging devices with widely varying display capabilities, while substantially maintaining the presentation quality of the message information.
What is claimed is:

Claims

1. A selective call messaging device, comprising: a presentation manager that presents a formatted message on an information display as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device independent from any formatting information contained in the formatted message.
2. The selective call messaging device according to claim 1 wherein the formatted message comprises numeric, alphanumeric, and control characters.
3. The selective call messaging device according to claim 1 wherein the presentation manager comprises a set of text presentation rules based on the intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device.
4. The selective call messaging device according to claim 3 wherein a first rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated carriage return character as a carriage return - line feed command pair.
5. The selective call messaging device according to claim 4 wherein a second rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated line feed character as a carriage return - line feed command pair.
6. The selective call messaging device according to claim 5 wherein a third rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret a horizontal tab character as a command to skip a number of horizontal character cells .
7. The selective call messaging device according to claim 1 wherein a first intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with mono-spaced characters.
8. The selective call messaging device according to claim 7 wherein a second intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with proportionally spaced characters.
9. The selective call messaging device according to claim 8 wherein a third intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with tabular column alignment of characters .
10. A selective call messaging device, comprising: a presentation manager that presents a formatted message on an information display as determined by intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device in conjunction with formatting information contained in the formatted message.
11. The selective call messaging device according to claim 10 wherein the formatted message comprises numeric, alphanumeric, and control characters.
12. The selective call messaging device according to claim 10 wherein the presentation manager comprises a set of text presentation rules based on the intrinsic presentation capabilities of the selective call messaging device.
13. The selective call messaging device according to claim 12 wherein a first rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated carriage return character as a carriage return - line feed command pair.
14. The selective call messaging device according to claim 13 wherein a second rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret an isolated line feed character as a carriage return - line feed command pair.
15. The selective call messaging device according to claim 14 wherein a third rule of the set of text presentation rules is to interpret a horizontal tab character as a command to skip a number of horizontal character cells.
16. The selective call messaging device according to claim 10 wherein a first intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with mono-spaced characters.
17. The selective call messaging device according to claim 16 wherein a second intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with proportionally spaced characters .
18. The selective call messaging device according to claim 17 wherein a third intrinsic presentation capability is presenting a message with tabular column alignment of characters .
PCT/US1998/022892 1997-11-07 1998-10-27 Selective call message display format control WO1999025126A1 (en)

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US5555183A (en) * 1991-12-02 1996-09-10 Motorola, Inc Method and apparatus for synchronizing to a synchronous selective call signal
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