WO1999024036A1 - Skin penetration enhancing components - Google Patents

Skin penetration enhancing components Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999024036A1
WO1999024036A1 PCT/GB1998/003317 GB9803317W WO9924036A1 WO 1999024036 A1 WO1999024036 A1 WO 1999024036A1 GB 9803317 W GB9803317 W GB 9803317W WO 9924036 A1 WO9924036 A1 WO 9924036A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formulation according
macrocyclic lactone
derivative
drug
macrolide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/003317
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anthony David Ormerod
Arthur Winfield
Original Assignee
Aberdeen University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to UA2000063310A priority Critical patent/UA73274C2/en
Priority to SK662-2000A priority patent/SK6622000A3/en
Priority to JP2000520128A priority patent/JP2001522801A/en
Priority to EP98952860A priority patent/EP1028727B1/en
Priority to SI9830848T priority patent/SI1028727T1/en
Priority to NZ504076A priority patent/NZ504076A/en
Priority to EEP200000279A priority patent/EE04390B1/en
Priority to PL98340710A priority patent/PL340710A1/en
Priority to AU10408/99A priority patent/AU759326B2/en
Priority to KR1020007004806A priority patent/KR20010031741A/en
Priority to IL13597898A priority patent/IL135978A0/en
Priority to HU0003675A priority patent/HUP0003675A3/en
Application filed by Aberdeen University filed Critical Aberdeen University
Priority to US09/530,375 priority patent/US6958153B1/en
Priority to BR9815264-5A priority patent/BR9815264A/en
Priority to EA200000461A priority patent/EA003616B1/en
Priority to CA002309159A priority patent/CA2309159C/en
Priority to DE69835163T priority patent/DE69835163T2/en
Publication of WO1999024036A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999024036A1/en
Priority to NO20002078A priority patent/NO20002078L/en
Priority to HR20000233A priority patent/HRP20000233A2/en
Priority to BG104370A priority patent/BG104370A/en
Priority to AU2003211175A priority patent/AU2003211175B2/en
Priority to US11/153,318 priority patent/US20050239724A1/en
Priority to CY20061101341T priority patent/CY1105243T1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/436—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. rapamycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
    • A61K38/13—Cyclosporins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to an effective treatment for psoriasis and other dermatological conditions using a topically applied immunosuppressive agent.
  • the preferred formulation does not allow the agent to appear in the blood or other circulatory system at any significant level.
  • Dermatological conditions can be uncomfortable and embarrassing for the patient, so an effective safe treatment is required.
  • Some dermatological conditions are caused by an overactive immune system, examples are psoriasis, alopecia, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, pyoder a gangrenosum, vitiligo and graft versus host disease. Others can be due to bacterial or pustular skin infections.
  • Dermatological conditions caused by an overactive immune system can be treated by immunosuppressive macrolides, for example sirolimus (rapamycin), FK-506 (tacrolimus) or SDZ ASM 981.
  • immunosuppressive macrolides for example sirolimus (rapamycin), FK-506 (tacrolimus) or SDZ ASM 981.
  • macrolide antibiotics for example erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin.
  • the above agents may be applied by means of topical creams and lotions or taken orally.
  • Psoriasis affects 2.4% of the population and the current understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is that it is driven initially by immunocytes. These and keratinocytes are mutually stimulated and activated through the production of cytokines, TGFa, IL-6 and IL-8 from lymphocytes. This leads to a hyperproliferative epidermis with rapid 36 hour cycling of the transient amplifying compartment of keratinocytes.
  • FK506 is a macrolide antibiotic which shows part homology with sirolimus. Research in models has shown that it has some efficacy in the topical therapy of contact dermatitis, atopic eczema and to a lesser degree psoriasis. Cyclosporin is also known to be effective in treating a wide range of skin diseases. However the usefulness of these drugs is limited by their potential side effects resulting from systemic administration.
  • Treatment of dermatological conditions may include using topical steroids but these have undesirable effects such as irreversible atrophy and purpura.
  • any medicament shall as far as possible affect only the afflicted part. It is well known that amounts of circulating drug should be kept as low as possible to avoid unwanted mutations.
  • the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic rapamycin for example as disclosed in EP-A-0533433 has already been used topically to treat such skin disorders as psoriasis and dermatitis. However no attempt has been made to reduce the amount of rapamycin translocated across the skin into the systemic system. Nor is there any discussion of the reduction of the levels of circulating rapamycin or other macrolide drug at the same time as providing therapeutically effective treatment for a variety of skin disorders.
  • Permeation enhancers are well known as a class of drug translocation facilitors, but the purpose of these is to increase the drug flux across the skin.
  • a permeation modulator however has the facility to allow the drug to penetrate the skin, and particularly the stratum corneum, without significantly passing through the epidermis into systemic systems (eg the blood or lymph systems) .
  • immunosuppressive agents taken orally and steroids applied topically can be used to treat dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema.
  • dermatological conditions such as psoriasis or eczema.
  • they are often non-specific in their action which leads to undesirable side effects.
  • a topical delivery formulation for an immunosuppressive agent which preferentially treats the diseased sites only and avoids significant systemic exposure; so reducing harmful side effects.
  • Sirolimus is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic produced by the organism Streptomyces hygroscopicus; it is known to have potent immunosuppressive activities. Sirolimus acts through specific binding of a family of cytosolic immunophilins called the FK binding proteins (FKBP) .
  • FKBP FK binding proteins
  • the sirolimus FKBP complex acts at least three sites. Firstly, by blocking the phosphorylation activation of p70 s ⁇ kinase, an enzyme acting on the 4OS ribosomal subunit s ⁇ protein, thereby reducing the efficiency of translation. Secondly by preventing activation of specific elongation factors required for protein synthesis.
  • Sirolimus has an advantage over other immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of psoriasis as it has an inhibitory effect on keratinocyte proliferation. In vitro experiments have shown that this inhibitory effect takes place at concentrations ranging from 3-10 ⁇ g/ml. A broader range may be employed for example 1 to 20 ⁇ g/ml, but the more efficacious range is 5-8 ⁇ g/ml.
  • a topical formulation for the treatment of a dermatological condition which comprises a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterised in that it further comprises a permeation modulator and the permeation modulator and the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, immunosuppressive macrolide or pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug are present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin, a minimal systemic effect is produced.
  • minimal systemic effect is meant that the amount of active principal detectable in the blood stream is preferably less than 0.3 ng/nl over 4 to 24 hours after administration, more preferably below 0.1 ng/ml over the same period.
  • the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic is selected from erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin. These macrocyclic lactone antibiotics are effective for treating pustular and bacterial skin infections such as acne vulgaris.
  • the immunosuppressive macrolide is selected from sirolimus, FK-506 or SDZ ASM 981.
  • Sirolimus is a favoured alternative because it is also an effective antibiotic which is useful in the microbiological preservation of the formulation.
  • the microbiological properties of sirolimus are also helpful in the treatment of scalp and flexural psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and in secondarily atopic eczema.
  • the permeation modulator may be an alkanoic or alkenic acid, preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as capric acid, octanoic acid, oleic acid or acids or such acids of intermediate chain length.
  • the permeation modulator aids the penetration of the immunosuppressive macrolide or macrocyclic antibiotic through the stratum corneum, the principle barrier to the penetration of drugs.
  • the stratum corneum is an aggregate of the stacked, flattened skeletons of keratin filled cells interspersed with lipid monolayer structures and water.
  • the addition of the permeation modulator to the formulation results in the partial disruption of the barrier components, particularly the lipid structures.
  • a gradient of the drug can then be produced across the stratum corneum particularly, which facilitates the diffusion of the immunosuppressive macrolide or macrocyclic lactone antibiotic across the stratum corneum into the living epidermis.
  • the relative concentrations of the macrolide or antibiotic and the permeation modulator are chosen so that only partial penetration of the skin occurs; the macrocyclic lactone antibiotics or immunosuppressive macrolides reach the areas which require treatment but significant absorption of the said drugs into the systemic circulation is avoided thus reducing the likelihood of any systemic side effects.
  • the permeation modulator is used in conjunction with a solvent system which includes an aromatic alcohol such as phenyl-alkanol or a biologically acceptable benzene derivative, with or without an admixture of monoglycerides and/or a fatty acid ester (e.g. isopropyl myristate) .
  • a solvent system which includes an aromatic alcohol such as phenyl-alkanol or a biologically acceptable benzene derivative, with or without an admixture of monoglycerides and/or a fatty acid ester (e.g. isopropyl myristate) .
  • Other solvents used include benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate and acetone.
  • the combination of solvent and permeation modulator further optimises the passage of the immunosuppressive macrolide or the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic across the stratum corneum.
  • the concentration of the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is up to 10% by weight of the formulation. More preferably the concentration of the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is either 0.5% to 5.9% or 6% to 12% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the macrocyclic antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is either 1 to 5% or 6 to 8% by weight. A concentration of 0.05% to 2% is most preferable in the treatment of eczema.
  • the term ⁇ % by weight" used herein refers to the "% by weight of the final formulation".
  • the above ranges of macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide or analogue derivative or pro- drug thereof are used in an agent comprising a permeation modulator; wherein the concentration of the permeation modulator is 0.1% to 60% by weight. More preferably the concentration of the permeation modulator is either 0.1% to 39.9% or 40% to 80% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the permeation modulator is either 0.1% to 19.9%, 20% to 39.9% or 40% to 60%.
  • the above ranges of macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive and permeation modulator are used in a formulation in conjunction with a solvent system; wherein the concentration of the solvent system is 5% to 90% by weight. More preferably the concentration of the solvent system is either 0.1% to 49.9% or 50% to 90% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the solvent system is either 0.1% to 19.9%, 20% to 39.9%, 40% to 69.9% or 70% to 90% by weight.
  • a thickening agent is present in the formulation. If the formulation is to be used topically, it should be of an appropriate consistency. Therefore, thickening agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or commercially available medical grade white soft paraffin may be added. These can reduce the penetration of the immunosuppressive agent but they are required for effective application.
  • the formulations of the invention are particularly suitable for treatment of conditions of the scalp.
  • the formulations of the invention may additionally include one of the following:- flavouring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, filler and glidants.
  • the formulation can also be dissolved or suspended in any pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier or vehicle such as water or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil or fat.
  • a liquid carrier or vehicle can contain other pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as solubilizers, emulsifier, buffers, preservatives, suspending agents, thickening agents, colouring agents, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo- regulators.
  • Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux ( ⁇ g/hr/cm 2 ) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the capric acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of capric acid in the benzyl alcohol.
  • Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux ( ⁇ g/hr/cm 2 ) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the octanoic acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of octanoic acid in the benzyl alcohol.
  • Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux ( ⁇ g/hr/cm 2 ) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the oleic acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of oleic acid in the benzyl alcohol.
  • Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux ( ⁇ g/hr/cm 2 ) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the sirolimus concentration (mg/ml) (x) while keeping the capric acid to benzyl acid ratio constant.
  • Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the results of the clinical score (y) determined after application of the sirolimus formulation ( ) and the control ( . ; . ) in Example 3.
  • Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the difference in the clinical score after application with sirolimus formulation in Example 3, where y is the number of subjects in each group.
  • a positive score (x) shows improvement with use of the active formulation.
  • Figures 1 to 4 were obtained by in vitro experimentation. The results were used to optimize the sirolimus concentration and the ratio of permeation enhancer and solvent used in in vivo experiments .
  • Example 1 A formulation was formed of 8% sirolimus and 92% of a vehicle of capric acid (50%) with benzyl alcohol (50%) . This was tested in single application experiments on four individuals with normal skin. Venous blood samples were taken at 4, 7 and 24 hours after application and no significant levels of sirolimus were detected using MSGCMS, which is able to detect sirolimus levels down to O.lng/ml.
  • Table 1 shows the tissue concentrations of sirolimus 7 hours after application of capric acid: benzyl alcohol (50:50) containing sirolimus at 8%.
  • the horizontal skin sections were each 0.7mm. Accordingly, for example, the section of skin designated 2 was the horizontal layer of skin 0.7-1.4mm from the surface of the skin.
  • sirolimus (2.2%) in a vehicle comprising isopropyl myristate 40%, benzyl alcohol 10% and capric acid 50% was tested in single application experiments on three individuals with normal skin. Venous blood samples were taken at 4, 7 and 24 hours after application and no significant levels of sirolimus were detected using MSGCMS. After 7 hours biopsy samples were taken from two of the individuals. These were bisected in parallel with the surface to give an upper and lower half, roughly corresponding to the epidermis and dermis. The skin was homogenised with acetonitrile and sirolimus concentration was determined by HPLC. The results are given in Table 2
  • Table 2 shows the tissue concentrations of sirolimus 7 hours after application of capric acid: isopropyl myristate: benzyl alcohol (50:40:10) containing sirolimus at 2.2%.
  • a double blind, left-right comparison of the effect of applying topical sirolimus in formulations as described in Examples 1 and 2, to 24 patients with chronic (over three months) plaque psoriasis was conducted. (22 out of the 24 patients were eventually analysed.)
  • a single target plaque was treated for the first 6 weeks with the lower potency formulation of Example 2. After this the active treatment was increased to the higher potency formulation of Example 1 for 6 weeks unless a clear improvement on one side had already occurred.
  • Treatment was randomised and double blind. Hands were thoroughly washed between the twice daily application of the test formulations.
  • the active formulation was applied consistently to one plaque while a control comprising only the vehicle base was applied consistently to the plaque on the opposite side. Where possible the arms or elbows were selected as target areas as cross contamination is less likely at these sites .
  • the lesions were also assessed at fortnightly intervals with subjective scoring on a scale of 0-8 for erythema, thickening, and scaling. Objective measures of improvement were performed on both lesions at the end of each treatment period (low and high formulations) . These included pulsed A scan ultrasound measurement of lesion thickness and erythema measured with a reflectance erythema metre, both were averaged over 5 areas in each psoriatic lesion and were validated using a previous study which was performed using betamethasome as a reference.
  • sirolimus levels were performed every 2 weeks during therapy. Samples for sirolimus levels were stored at minus 80° C and shipped to a central reference laboratory for analysis by LC/MS/MS by Wyeth Ayerst Research.
  • antibody Ki-67 was used to give a measure of hyperproliferation in the epidermis and CD4 helper lymphocytes were used to give a measure of auto-immune activity which drives psoriasis.
  • the antibody tests with Ki-67 showed a significant reduction of proliferating cells from a mean of 83/mm 3 in control to 55/mm 3 with Sirolimus (rapamycin) to give a significance of P- 0.027 (T test).
  • rapamycin rapamycin
  • control values were 61/mm 3 against 32.7/mm 3 means values following rapamycin to give a significance of P-0.0026 (T-test) .
  • the T-test were unpaired due to missing samples.
  • Table 3 shows the clinical response to topical sirolimus. The clinical score is measured on a scale of 0-24 with higher values indicating a better result, ultrasound thickness in mm and erythema measurement in arbitrary units.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a topical formulation for the treatment of a dermatological condition which comprises a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, immunosuppressive macrolide or a biologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterized in that it further comprises a permeation modulator and the permeation modulator and the macrocyclic lactone or macrolide or the biologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof are present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin a minimal systemic effect is produced. The immunosuppressive macrolide may be sirolimus.

Description

SKIN PENETRATION ENHANCING COMPONENTS
This present invention relates to an effective treatment for psoriasis and other dermatological conditions using a topically applied immunosuppressive agent. The preferred formulation does not allow the agent to appear in the blood or other circulatory system at any significant level.
Dermatological conditions can be uncomfortable and embarrassing for the patient, so an effective safe treatment is required. Some dermatological conditions are caused by an overactive immune system, examples are psoriasis, alopecia, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, pyoder a gangrenosum, vitiligo and graft versus host disease. Others can be due to bacterial or pustular skin infections.
Dermatological conditions caused by an overactive immune system can be treated by immunosuppressive macrolides, for example sirolimus (rapamycin), FK-506 (tacrolimus) or SDZ ASM 981. Those that are caused by bacteria or are deeper skin infections, such as acne vulgaris and hidranitis suppcurativa, can be treated by macrolide antibiotics, for example erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. The above agents may be applied by means of topical creams and lotions or taken orally.
Psoriasis affects 2.4% of the population and the current understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is that it is driven initially by immunocytes. These and keratinocytes are mutually stimulated and activated through the production of cytokines, TGFa, IL-6 and IL-8 from lymphocytes. This leads to a hyperproliferative epidermis with rapid 36 hour cycling of the transient amplifying compartment of keratinocytes.
FK506 is a macrolide antibiotic which shows part homology with sirolimus. Research in models has shown that it has some efficacy in the topical therapy of contact dermatitis, atopic eczema and to a lesser degree psoriasis. Cyclosporin is also known to be effective in treating a wide range of skin diseases. However the usefulness of these drugs is limited by their potential side effects resulting from systemic administration.
Other forms of treatment of dermatological conditions may include using topical steroids but these have undesirable effects such as irreversible atrophy and purpura.
In the treatment of the human or animal body, one of the considerations is that any medicament shall as far as possible affect only the afflicted part. It is well known that amounts of circulating drug should be kept as low as possible to avoid unwanted mutations. A problem with the topical application of medicaments to the skin for example, is that the medicament tends to penetrate the skin and establish itself in the circulating blood system. This is not what is intended in the treatment of dermatological conditions.
The macrocyclic lactone antibiotic rapamycin for example as disclosed in EP-A-0533433 has already been used topically to treat such skin disorders as psoriasis and dermatitis. However no attempt has been made to reduce the amount of rapamycin translocated across the skin into the systemic system. Nor is there any discussion of the reduction of the levels of circulating rapamycin or other macrolide drug at the same time as providing therapeutically effective treatment for a variety of skin disorders.
We have now found that this may be achieved by the addition to such drugs of a permeation modulator. Permeation enhancers are well known as a class of drug translocation facilitors, but the purpose of these is to increase the drug flux across the skin. A permeation modulator however has the facility to allow the drug to penetrate the skin, and particularly the stratum corneum, without significantly passing through the epidermis into systemic systems (eg the blood or lymph systems) .
It is also known that immunosuppressive agents taken orally and steroids applied topically can be used to treat dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema. However, they are often non-specific in their action which leads to undesirable side effects. Thus it would be desirable to develop a topical delivery formulation for an immunosuppressive agent which preferentially treats the diseased sites only and avoids significant systemic exposure; so reducing harmful side effects.
Sirolimus is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic produced by the organism Streptomyces hygroscopicus; it is known to have potent immunosuppressive activities. Sirolimus acts through specific binding of a family of cytosolic immunophilins called the FK binding proteins (FKBP) . The sirolimus FKBP complex acts at least three sites. Firstly, by blocking the phosphorylation activation of p70 sβ kinase, an enzyme acting on the 4OS ribosomal subunit sβ protein, thereby reducing the efficiency of translation. Secondly by preventing activation of specific elongation factors required for protein synthesis. Thirdly, it inhibits enzyme activity of the cyclin dependent kinase cdK-cyclin E complex which forms one of the tight controls of the Gl/S transition in cell division by inhibiting the normal decline of the p27 cdk inhibitor which would follow IL-2 stimulation. Sirolimus has an advantage over other immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of psoriasis as it has an inhibitory effect on keratinocyte proliferation. In vitro experiments have shown that this inhibitory effect takes place at concentrations ranging from 3-10μg/ml. A broader range may be employed for example 1 to 20μg/ml, but the more efficacious range is 5-8μg/ml.
According to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a topical formulation for the treatment of a dermatological condition which comprises a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterised in that it further comprises a permeation modulator and the permeation modulator and the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, immunosuppressive macrolide or pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug are present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin, a minimal systemic effect is produced.
By the term "minimal systemic effect", is meant that the amount of active principal detectable in the blood stream is preferably less than 0.3 ng/nl over 4 to 24 hours after administration, more preferably below 0.1 ng/ml over the same period.
Preferably the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic is selected from erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin. These macrocyclic lactone antibiotics are effective for treating pustular and bacterial skin infections such as acne vulgaris.
Conveniently the immunosuppressive macrolide is selected from sirolimus, FK-506 or SDZ ASM 981. Sirolimus is a favoured alternative because it is also an effective antibiotic which is useful in the microbiological preservation of the formulation. The microbiological properties of sirolimus are also helpful in the treatment of scalp and flexural psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and in secondarily atopic eczema.
In preferred embodiments the permeation modulator may be an alkanoic or alkenic acid, preferably having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as capric acid, octanoic acid, oleic acid or acids or such acids of intermediate chain length. The permeation modulator aids the penetration of the immunosuppressive macrolide or macrocyclic antibiotic through the stratum corneum, the principle barrier to the penetration of drugs. The stratum corneum is an aggregate of the stacked, flattened skeletons of keratin filled cells interspersed with lipid monolayer structures and water. The addition of the permeation modulator to the formulation results in the partial disruption of the barrier components, particularly the lipid structures. A gradient of the drug can then be produced across the stratum corneum particularly, which facilitates the diffusion of the immunosuppressive macrolide or macrocyclic lactone antibiotic across the stratum corneum into the living epidermis. The relative concentrations of the macrolide or antibiotic and the permeation modulator are chosen so that only partial penetration of the skin occurs; the macrocyclic lactone antibiotics or immunosuppressive macrolides reach the areas which require treatment but significant absorption of the said drugs into the systemic circulation is avoided thus reducing the likelihood of any systemic side effects. Conveniently the permeation modulator is used in conjunction with a solvent system which includes an aromatic alcohol such as phenyl-alkanol or a biologically acceptable benzene derivative, with or without an admixture of monoglycerides and/or a fatty acid ester (e.g. isopropyl myristate) . Other solvents used, include benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate and acetone. The combination of solvent and permeation modulator further optimises the passage of the immunosuppressive macrolide or the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic across the stratum corneum.
Preferably, the concentration of the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is up to 10% by weight of the formulation. More preferably the concentration of the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is either 0.5% to 5.9% or 6% to 12% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the macrocyclic antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is either 1 to 5% or 6 to 8% by weight. A concentration of 0.05% to 2% is most preferable in the treatment of eczema. The term Λ% by weight" used herein refers to the "% by weight of the final formulation".
Preferably the above ranges of macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide or analogue derivative or pro- drug thereof are used in an agent comprising a permeation modulator; wherein the concentration of the permeation modulator is 0.1% to 60% by weight. More preferably the concentration of the permeation modulator is either 0.1% to 39.9% or 40% to 80% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the permeation modulator is either 0.1% to 19.9%, 20% to 39.9% or 40% to 60%. Preferably the above ranges of macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive and permeation modulator are used in a formulation in conjunction with a solvent system; wherein the concentration of the solvent system is 5% to 90% by weight. More preferably the concentration of the solvent system is either 0.1% to 49.9% or 50% to 90% by weight. Even more preferably the concentration of the solvent system is either 0.1% to 19.9%, 20% to 39.9%, 40% to 69.9% or 70% to 90% by weight.
Preferably a thickening agent is present in the formulation. If the formulation is to be used topically, it should be of an appropriate consistency. Therefore, thickening agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or commercially available medical grade white soft paraffin may be added. These can reduce the penetration of the immunosuppressive agent but they are required for effective application. The formulations of the invention are particularly suitable for treatment of conditions of the scalp.
In addition to the liquid and solid vehicles set forth above, the formulations of the invention may additionally include one of the following:- flavouring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, filler and glidants.
The formulation can also be dissolved or suspended in any pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier or vehicle such as water or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil or fat. Such a liquid carrier or vehicle can contain other pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as solubilizers, emulsifier, buffers, preservatives, suspending agents, thickening agents, colouring agents, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo- regulators. The invention will now be described, by way of illustration only, with reference to the following examples, tables and figures accompanying the specification
Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux (μg/hr/cm2) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the capric acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of capric acid in the benzyl alcohol.
Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux (μg/hr/cm2) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the octanoic acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of octanoic acid in the benzyl alcohol.
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux (μg/hr/cm2) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the oleic acid and benzyl alcohol ratio, where x is the percentage of oleic acid in the benzyl alcohol.
Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the effect on the flux (μg/hr/cm2) of sirolimus (y) through the stratum corneum by varying the sirolimus concentration (mg/ml) (x) while keeping the capric acid to benzyl acid ratio constant.
Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the results of the clinical score (y) determined after application of the sirolimus formulation ( ) and the control ( . ; . ) in Example 3.
Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the difference in the clinical score after application with sirolimus formulation in Example 3, where y is the number of subjects in each group. A positive score (x) shows improvement with use of the active formulation.
Figures 1 to 4 were obtained by in vitro experimentation. The results were used to optimize the sirolimus concentration and the ratio of permeation enhancer and solvent used in in vivo experiments .
Example 1 A formulation was formed of 8% sirolimus and 92% of a vehicle of capric acid (50%) with benzyl alcohol (50%) . This was tested in single application experiments on four individuals with normal skin. Venous blood samples were taken at 4, 7 and 24 hours after application and no significant levels of sirolimus were detected using MSGCMS, which is able to detect sirolimus levels down to O.lng/ml.
In parallel, skin biopsies were taken from the individuals after 7 hours, the biopsy samples were glued to a glass slide and serially sectioned horizontally into 4 layers each 0.7mm thick and extracted with acetonitrile . The results are given in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the tissue concentrations of sirolimus 7 hours after application of capric acid: benzyl alcohol (50:50) containing sirolimus at 8%. The horizontal skin sections were each 0.7mm. Accordingly, for example, the section of skin designated 2 was the horizontal layer of skin 0.7-1.4mm from the surface of the skin.
Figure imgf000012_0001
Example 2
A formulation of sirolimus (2.2%) in a vehicle comprising isopropyl myristate 40%, benzyl alcohol 10% and capric acid 50% was tested in single application experiments on three individuals with normal skin. Venous blood samples were taken at 4, 7 and 24 hours after application and no significant levels of sirolimus were detected using MSGCMS. After 7 hours biopsy samples were taken from two of the individuals. These were bisected in parallel with the surface to give an upper and lower half, roughly corresponding to the epidermis and dermis. The skin was homogenised with acetonitrile and sirolimus concentration was determined by HPLC. The results are given in Table 2
Table 2 shows the tissue concentrations of sirolimus 7 hours after application of capric acid: isopropyl myristate: benzyl alcohol (50:40:10) containing sirolimus at 2.2%.
Figure imgf000012_0002
Example 3
A double blind, left-right comparison of the effect of applying topical sirolimus in formulations as described in Examples 1 and 2, to 24 patients with chronic (over three months) plaque psoriasis was conducted. (22 out of the 24 patients were eventually analysed.) A single target plaque was treated for the first 6 weeks with the lower potency formulation of Example 2. After this the active treatment was increased to the higher potency formulation of Example 1 for 6 weeks unless a clear improvement on one side had already occurred.
The study included adults with stable, clearly demarcated, chronic plaque psoriasis, and two, well matched, contralateral, comparable plaques about 50cm2 in area on opposite sides of the body. Subjects were all aged over 18 years, were able to apply creams and had no other significant medical problems. Transaminases were not more than twice the upper limit of normal and subjects were selected to avoid those likely to have a holiday in sunlight during the 6-12 weeks of the trial.
Before the trial started, there was a two week washout period in which only bland emollients were applied to the target lesions.
Treatment was randomised and double blind. Hands were thoroughly washed between the twice daily application of the test formulations. The active formulation was applied consistently to one plaque while a control comprising only the vehicle base was applied consistently to the plaque on the opposite side. Where possible the arms or elbows were selected as target areas as cross contamination is less likely at these sites .
Assessments were done at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6 on the low potency treatment and at 8,10 and 12 on the higher dose formulation, provided there were no signs or laboratory evidence of toxicity. Clinical scoring was done at each attendance and areas traced at the start and finish of treatment. Biopsies from active and control lesions were performed at the end of treatment or at withdrawal. Biopsies were not done if an adverse event such as a reaction to the application occurred as this would influence the measures being assessed.
The lesions were also assessed at fortnightly intervals with subjective scoring on a scale of 0-8 for erythema, thickening, and scaling. Objective measures of improvement were performed on both lesions at the end of each treatment period (low and high formulations) . These included pulsed A scan ultrasound measurement of lesion thickness and erythema measured with a reflectance erythema metre, both were averaged over 5 areas in each psoriatic lesion and were validated using a previous study which was performed using betamethasome as a reference.
At each visit we measured the full blood count, biochemistry, including urea, electrolytes, liver enzymes, bilirubin, calcium, magnesium, uric acid, glucose, amylase, muscle enzymes, lipids and cholesterol. Sirolimus levels were performed every 2 weeks during therapy. Samples for sirolimus levels were stored at minus 80° C and shipped to a central reference laboratory for analysis by LC/MS/MS by Wyeth Ayerst Research.
In biopsies, epidermal thickness was measured and immunoperoxidase immunohistochemistry done using the following antibodies to count cells in a blinded fashion:
Thus, antibody Ki-67 was used to give a measure of hyperproliferation in the epidermis and CD4 helper lymphocytes were used to give a measure of auto-immune activity which drives psoriasis.
Cell counting in tissues was automated, using computer assisted image analysis (Seescan) . Data was analysed by Student's T test for paired data and Wilcoxon' s test.
Comparison of the final scores, active vs placebo achieved significance at 0.032 by T test or Wilcoxon' s test 0.0457, see Table 3 and Figures 5 and 6. The erythema measurements and ultrasound recordings were not significantly different. Three of the twenty-two patients developed contact sensitivity to the topical preparations one to benzyl alcohol, one to sirolimus and one to both of these.
The antibody tests with Ki-67 showed a significant reduction of proliferating cells from a mean of 83/mm3 in control to 55/mm3 with Sirolimus (rapamycin) to give a significance of P- 0.027 (T test). Using CD4 cells control values were 61/mm3 against 32.7/mm3 means values following rapamycin to give a significance of P-0.0026 (T-test) . The T-test were unpaired due to missing samples. Table 3 shows the clinical response to topical sirolimus. The clinical score is measured on a scale of 0-24 with higher values indicating a better result, ultrasound thickness in mm and erythema measurement in arbitrary units.
Figure imgf000016_0001
These results show that penetration of sirolimus from a formulation described above does occur. It is thought that increased adsorption would occur through the scalp to effectively treat scalp psoriasis.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A topical formulation for the treatment of a dermatological condition which comprises a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterized in that it further comprises a permeation modulator and the permeation modulator and the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or macrolide or the pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof are present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin a minimal systemic effect is produced.
2. A formulation according to claim 1 comprising up to 10% by weight of the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or the immunosuppressive macrolide or analogue, derivative or pro- drug thereof; the permeation modulator being present at 1 to 60% by weight.
3. A formulation according to either claim 1 or 2 wherein the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic is selected from erythromycin, azithro ycin or clarithromycin.
4. A formulation according to either claim 1 or 2 wherein the immunosuppressive macrolide is selected from sirolimus,
FK506 or SDZ ASM 981.
5. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the permeation modulator is an alkanoic acid or alkenic acid.
6. A formulation according to claim 5 wherein the alkanoic acid or alkenic acid is selected from capric acid, octanoic acid, oleic such acid or acids of intermediate chain length.
7. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the dermatological condition is selected from psoriasis, alopecia, eczema dermatitis, lichen planus, lupus erthematosus, pyoderma gangrenosum, vitiligo, graft versus host disease, pustular skin infections, bacterial skin infections or acne vulgaris.
8. A formulation according to claim 7 wherein the dermatological condition is eczema dermatitis and the concentration of macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is 0.05% to 2% by weight.
9. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the permeation modulator is used in conjunction with a solvent system.
10. A formulation according to claim 9 wherein the solvent system comprises an aromatic alcohol or a biologically acceptable benzene derivative, with or without an admixture of onoglycerides and/or a fatty acid ester.
11. A formulation according to either claim 9 or 10 wherein the permeation modulator comprises capric acid and the solvent system comprises benzyl alcohol.
12. A formulation according to any of claims 8 to 11 wherein the concentration of the solvent system is 5% to 90% by weight.
13. A formulation according to any preceding claim further comprising a thickening agent.
14. A formulation according to claim 13 wherein the thickening agent is selected from white soft paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, yellow soft paraffin, cetyl alcohol, steryl alcohol, divalent carboxylic acid soaps and carnauber wax.
15. A topical formulation for the treatment of a dermatological condition which comprises an immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterized in that it further comprises a permeation modulator; and the permeation modulator and the macrolide or the pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof are present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin a minimal systemic effect is produced.
16. A formulation according to either claim 15 wherein the immunosuppressive macrolide is selected from sirolimus, FK506 or SDZ ASM 981.
17. A formulation according to claim 16 wherein the immunosuppressive macrolide is sirolimus.
18. The use in the manufacture of a topical composition for the treatment of a dermatological condition of a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or an immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically acceptable analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof characterised in that it further comprises a permeation modulator and the permeation modulator; the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or the immunosuppressive macrolide or pharmacologically acceptable analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof being present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin a minimal systemic effect is produced.
19. The use of claim 18 wherein the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is present at up to 10% by weight of the composition.
20. The use of an immunosuppressant macrolide, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or a pharmacologically active analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof in the preparation of a topical formulation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17.
21. A method for the treatment of a disease of the skin or muccosa which comprises applying thereto a topical composition comprising a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or an immunosuppressive macrolide or a pharmacologically acceptable analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof; characterised in that it further comprises a permeation modulator; and the permeation modulator, the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or the immunosuppressive macrolide or pharmacologically acceptable analogue, derivative or pro-drug thereof is present in relative amounts such that when a therapeutic amount is applied to the skin a minimal systemic effect is produced.
22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the macrocyclic lactone antibiotic or immunosuppressive macrolide is present at up to 10% by weight of the composition.
23. A method according to claim 21 or 22 wherein the immunosuppressive macrolide is utilized.
PCT/GB1998/003317 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components WO1999024036A1 (en)

Priority Applications (23)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UA2000063310A UA73274C2 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-05-11 Components increasing skin permeability
DE69835163T DE69835163T2 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 SKIN PENETRATION PROMOTERS
EP98952860A EP1028727B1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
SI9830848T SI1028727T1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
NZ504076A NZ504076A (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 A topical formulation which induces a minimal systemic effect when applied to the skin, the topical formulation comprising an immunosuppressive macrolide selected from sirolimus, FK506 and SDZ ASM 981 and a permeation modulator for the treatment of a dermatological condition
EEP200000279A EE04390B1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Topical preparation for the treatment of dermatological conditions
PL98340710A PL340710A1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing agents
AU10408/99A AU759326B2 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
KR1020007004806A KR20010031741A (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
IL13597898A IL135978A0 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
HU0003675A HUP0003675A3 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Dermatologic composition containing skin penetration modulating component
SK662-2000A SK6622000A3 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
EA200000461A EA003616B1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
BR9815264-5A BR9815264A (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Components of increased penetration into the skin
US09/530,375 US6958153B1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
CA002309159A CA2309159C (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components
JP2000520128A JP2001522801A (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancer
NO20002078A NO20002078L (en) 1997-11-07 2000-04-19 Components for improved skin penetration
HR20000233A HRP20000233A2 (en) 1997-11-07 2000-04-20 Skin penetration enhancing components
BG104370A BG104370A (en) 1997-11-07 2000-04-24 Composition improving the penetration into the skin
AU2003211175A AU2003211175B2 (en) 1997-11-07 2003-07-08 Skin penetration enhancing components
US11/153,318 US20050239724A1 (en) 1997-11-07 2005-06-16 Skin penetration enhancing components
CY20061101341T CY1105243T1 (en) 1997-11-07 2006-09-20 SKIN PENETRATION ENHANCING INGREDIENTS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9723669.9 1997-11-07
GBGB9723669.9A GB9723669D0 (en) 1997-11-07 1997-11-07 Skin penetration enhancing components

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/153,318 Continuation US20050239724A1 (en) 1997-11-07 2005-06-16 Skin penetration enhancing components

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999024036A1 true WO1999024036A1 (en) 1999-05-20

Family

ID=10821813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/003317 WO1999024036A1 (en) 1997-11-07 1998-11-05 Skin penetration enhancing components

Country Status (33)

Country Link
US (2) US6958153B1 (en)
EP (2) EP1632231A3 (en)
JP (1) JP2001522801A (en)
KR (1) KR20010031741A (en)
CN (1) CN1115148C (en)
AR (1) AR014011A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE332134T1 (en)
AU (1) AU759326B2 (en)
BG (1) BG104370A (en)
BR (1) BR9815264A (en)
CA (1) CA2309159C (en)
CY (1) CY1105243T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69835163T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1028727T3 (en)
EA (1) EA003616B1 (en)
EE (1) EE04390B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2268795T3 (en)
GB (1) GB9723669D0 (en)
GE (2) GEP20032884B (en)
HR (1) HRP20000233A2 (en)
HU (1) HUP0003675A3 (en)
ID (1) ID24662A (en)
IL (1) IL135978A0 (en)
NO (1) NO20002078L (en)
NZ (3) NZ530752A (en)
PL (1) PL340710A1 (en)
PT (1) PT1028727E (en)
SK (1) SK6622000A3 (en)
TR (1) TR200001238T2 (en)
TW (1) TW557218B (en)
UA (1) UA73274C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999024036A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA9810111B (en)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001066117A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Ian Andrew Whitcroft Treatment of inflammatory dermatoses comprising erythromycin or clarythromycin metronidazole and a gastrointestinal hydrogen pump inhibitor
EP1133987A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-19 Ian Whitcroft Treatment of inflammatory dermatoses with combinations of erythromycin or clarythromycin, metronidazole and a hydrogen pump inhibitor
WO2002087596A2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Pliva D.D. Use of azithromycin for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of non-infective inflammatory diseases
WO2003018102A2 (en) 2001-08-29 2003-03-06 Vectura Limited Topical administration device
WO2003049716A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-19 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Stable topical formulation of clarithromycin
WO2004071398A2 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-26 Cipla Ltd Pharmaceutical patch
WO2004082681A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-30 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of rapamycin or its derivative and pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammation- and ummunologically-mediated diseases
WO2004087170A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Novartis Ag Combination of a macrolide t-cell immunomodulator and a calciferol for the treatment of skin diseases or of inflammatory bowel disease
WO2004087144A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Novartis Ag Combination of a macrolide and a local anesthetic for the treatment of dermatological diseases
WO2006029726A1 (en) * 2004-09-16 2006-03-23 Bayer Healthcare Ag Dermally applicable formulations for treating skin diseases in animals
WO2005062708A3 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-08-03 Univ Ramot An assay for the detection of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs
EP2515652A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-10-31 Sarah Bacus Compositions and methods for treatment of vitiligo
EP2671583A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2013-12-11 Osaka University Externally-used drug for treating skin disorder and method for producing same
US8946256B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2015-02-03 Biocosmeceuticals, LLC Compositions and methods for treatment of vitiligo
US8961588B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2015-02-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Method of coating a stent with a release polymer for 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin
US20150094368A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2015-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of reducing microbial contamination
USRE45744E1 (en) 2003-12-01 2015-10-13 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Temperature controlled crimping
US9402802B2 (en) 1998-12-03 2016-08-02 Meda Pharma Sarl Topical compositions comprising ascomycins
WO2018129364A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-12 Palvella Therapeutics Llc Anhydrous compositions of mtor inhibitors and methods of use
US10172789B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2019-01-08 Palvella Therapeutics Llc Compositions for transdermal delivery of mTOR inhibitors
US10695326B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2020-06-30 Drexel University Compositions and methods for treating or preventing dermal disorders
US11000513B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2021-05-11 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
WO2021176263A1 (en) * 2020-03-02 2021-09-10 Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Topical formulations containing mtor inhibitors
AU2020277132B1 (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-11-04 Aft Pharmaceuticals Limited A Rapamycin Composition
US11617742B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2023-04-04 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of treating keratin hyperproliferation disorders using mTOR inhibitors

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE427948T1 (en) 2001-04-24 2009-04-15 Purdue Research Foundation FOLATE MIMETICS AND THEIR FOLATE RECEPTOR-BINDING CONJUGATES
JP4814520B2 (en) * 2002-05-15 2011-11-16 エンドサイト，インコーポレイテッド Vitamin-mitomycin conjugate
TWI405573B (en) 2003-01-27 2013-08-21 Endocyte Inc Vitamin-receptor binding drug delivery conjugates intermediates and preparation processes
US20050079228A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-04-14 Ashish Jaiswal Clear, stable topical compositions of clarithromycin and processes for their preparation
WO2006012527A1 (en) 2004-07-23 2006-02-02 Endocyte, Inc. Bivalent linkers and conjugates thereof
CN101175757B (en) * 2005-03-16 2012-11-14 恩多塞特公司 Synthesis and purification of pteroic acid and conjugates thereof
US20080280937A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2008-11-13 Christopher Paul Leamon Ligand Conjugates of Vinca Alkaloids, Analogs, and Derivatives
JP5475992B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2014-04-16 エンドサイト，インコーポレイテッド Multidrug ligand conjugate
US7704959B2 (en) * 2006-10-03 2010-04-27 Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences Azithromycin for the treatment of nodular acne
US8414526B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-04-09 Lutonix, Inc. Medical device rapid drug releasing coatings comprising oils, fatty acids, and/or lipids
US8998846B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2015-04-07 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for balloon catheters
US9700704B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2017-07-11 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for balloon catheters
US20080276935A1 (en) 2006-11-20 2008-11-13 Lixiao Wang Treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with anti-proliferate and anti-inflammatory drugs
US8414909B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-04-09 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for medical devices
US9737640B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2017-08-22 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for medical devices
US8414525B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-04-09 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for medical devices
US8414910B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-04-09 Lutonix, Inc. Drug releasing coatings for medical devices
US8425459B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-04-23 Lutonix, Inc. Medical device rapid drug releasing coatings comprising a therapeutic agent and a contrast agent
WO2008101231A2 (en) 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Endocyte, Inc. Methods and compositions for treating and diagnosing kidney disease
EP2489372A3 (en) * 2007-03-14 2013-01-02 Endocyte, Inc. Binding ligand linked drug delivery conjugates of tubulysins
CA2690943A1 (en) 2007-06-25 2008-12-31 Endocyte, Inc. Conjugates containing hydrophilic spacer linkers
US9877965B2 (en) 2007-06-25 2018-01-30 Endocyte, Inc. Vitamin receptor drug delivery conjugates for treating inflammation
EP2184997A4 (en) 2007-07-31 2010-11-03 Univ New York Diagnostic and treatment methods for characterizing bacterial microbiota in skin conditions
JP2011500835A (en) 2007-10-25 2011-01-06 エンドサイト，インコーポレイテッド Tubulysins and preparation process
WO2010024898A2 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Lutonix, Inc. Methods and apparatuses for coating balloon catheters
US20100086581A1 (en) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-08 Ernest Bove Method for purpura reduction and prevention
EP2308468A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-13 Novaliq GmbH Novel pharmaceutical composition comprising a macrolide immunosuppressant drug
US20120022095A1 (en) * 2010-06-24 2012-01-26 Teng Joyce M C Topical rapamycin for treatment of facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis
WO2012142145A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-18 Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences Methods of treating skin conditions exhibiting telangiectasia
CN102552253A (en) * 2012-01-17 2012-07-11 唯美度科技（北京）有限公司 Skin external agent for eliminating acnes
WO2013126797A1 (en) 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Purdue Research Foundation Cholecystokinin b receptor targeting for imaging and therapy
US20140080175A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2014-03-20 Endocyte, Inc. Processes for preparing tubulysin derivatives and conjugates thereof
WO2014062697A2 (en) 2012-10-16 2014-04-24 Endocyte, Inc. Drug delivery conjugates containing unnatural amino acids and methods for using
HUP1400075A2 (en) 2014-02-14 2015-08-28 Druggability Technologies Ip Holdco Jersey Ltd Complexes of sirolimus and its derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing them
EP3162380A1 (en) * 2014-06-26 2017-05-03 Osaka University Antiperspirant agent
FR3050206B1 (en) 2016-04-15 2018-05-11 Engie HYDROGENATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING METHANOL AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR COGENERATION OF METHANOL AND SYNTHETIC METHANE
CA3032473A1 (en) 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System Topical rapamycin therapy
US20200261427A1 (en) 2019-02-20 2020-08-20 Al Therapeutics, Inc. Topical rapamycin formulations and their use in treating facial angiofibromas and other skin disorders
FR3112537B1 (en) 2020-07-14 2023-03-31 Engie DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE HYBRID PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC DIHYDROGEN AND/OR SYNTHETIC METHANE

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0027286A2 (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-04-22 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Anti-acne composition comprising diisopropyl sebacate
EP0043738A2 (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-13 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Penetrating topical pharmaceutical compositions
US4335115A (en) * 1976-11-01 1982-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Anti-acne composition
EP0273202A2 (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-06 Eugene J. Dr. Van Scott Use of hydroxycarboxylic acids to enhance therapeutic effects of topical compositions for fungal infections and pigmented spots.
EP0435436A2 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-07-03 Pfizer Inc. Transdermal flux enhancers in combination with iontophoresis in topical administration of pharmaceuticals
EP0474126A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-03-11 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ointments containing tricyclic compound
EP0582239A1 (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-02-09 Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Gmbh Pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic preparation and the use of such a preparation
DE4418115A1 (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-12-01 Sandoz Ag Pharmaceutical preparations contg macrolide antibiotics
WO1996013249A1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-09 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical compositions
JPH08133979A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-05-28 Sando Yakuhin Kk Locally applicable medicinal composition
EP0753297A1 (en) * 1993-06-08 1997-01-15 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lotion

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US31769A (en) * 1861-03-26 Water-elevator
US3376646A (en) * 1967-03-30 1968-04-09 Herman E. Radke Template tracer
US4954487A (en) * 1979-01-08 1990-09-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Penetrating topical pharmaceutical compositions
CA2033725C (en) * 1990-01-24 2001-05-29 Folker Pittrof Pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing a salt of cholanic acid
US5462746A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-10-31 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Patch for transdermal administration of volatile pharmaceutically active ingredients of chemically basic nature and a process for preparation
FI90649C (en) 1993-02-01 1994-03-10 Pauli Groenberg A method of fitting a horse's saddle to a horse's back
US5648389A (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-07-15 Medicis Pharmaceutical, Inc. Compositions for the treatment of dermatological disorders and methods for their use

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4335115A (en) * 1976-11-01 1982-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Anti-acne composition
EP0027286A2 (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-04-22 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Anti-acne composition comprising diisopropyl sebacate
EP0043738A2 (en) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-13 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Penetrating topical pharmaceutical compositions
EP0273202A2 (en) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-06 Eugene J. Dr. Van Scott Use of hydroxycarboxylic acids to enhance therapeutic effects of topical compositions for fungal infections and pigmented spots.
EP0435436A2 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-07-03 Pfizer Inc. Transdermal flux enhancers in combination with iontophoresis in topical administration of pharmaceuticals
EP0474126A1 (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-03-11 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ointments containing tricyclic compound
EP0582239A1 (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-02-09 Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Gmbh Pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic preparation and the use of such a preparation
DE4418115A1 (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-12-01 Sandoz Ag Pharmaceutical preparations contg macrolide antibiotics
EP0753297A1 (en) * 1993-06-08 1997-01-15 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lotion
JPH08133979A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-05-28 Sando Yakuhin Kk Locally applicable medicinal composition
WO1996013249A1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-09 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 9631, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 96-306477 [31], XP002092952 *

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9402802B2 (en) 1998-12-03 2016-08-02 Meda Pharma Sarl Topical compositions comprising ascomycins
WO2001066117A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-13 Ian Andrew Whitcroft Treatment of inflammatory dermatoses comprising erythromycin or clarythromycin metronidazole and a gastrointestinal hydrogen pump inhibitor
EP1133987A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-19 Ian Whitcroft Treatment of inflammatory dermatoses with combinations of erythromycin or clarythromycin, metronidazole and a hydrogen pump inhibitor
WO2002087596A2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Pliva D.D. Use of azithromycin for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of non-infective inflammatory diseases
WO2002087596A3 (en) * 2001-04-27 2003-01-03 Pliva D D Use of azithromycin for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of non-infective inflammatory diseases
WO2003018102A2 (en) 2001-08-29 2003-03-06 Vectura Limited Topical administration device
WO2003049716A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-19 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Stable topical formulation of clarithromycin
US8961588B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2015-02-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Method of coating a stent with a release polymer for 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin
WO2004071398A3 (en) * 2003-02-17 2005-01-20 Cipla Ltd Pharmaceutical patch
WO2004071398A2 (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-08-26 Cipla Ltd Pharmaceutical patch
WO2004082681A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-30 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of rapamycin or its derivative and pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammation- and ummunologically-mediated diseases
AU2004222563B2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2006-11-02 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of rapamycin or its derivative and pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammation- and immunologically-mediated diseases
WO2004087170A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Novartis Ag Combination of a macrolide t-cell immunomodulator and a calciferol for the treatment of skin diseases or of inflammatory bowel disease
JP2006522058A (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-09-28 ノバルティス アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Combination of macrolide T cell immunomodulator and calciferol for the treatment of skin disease or inflammatory bowel disease
WO2004087144A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Novartis Ag Combination of a macrolide and a local anesthetic for the treatment of dermatological diseases
USRE45744E1 (en) 2003-12-01 2015-10-13 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Temperature controlled crimping
WO2005062708A3 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-08-03 Univ Ramot An assay for the detection of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs
WO2006029726A1 (en) * 2004-09-16 2006-03-23 Bayer Healthcare Ag Dermally applicable formulations for treating skin diseases in animals
US20150094368A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2015-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of reducing microbial contamination
US10918618B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2021-02-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of reducing microbial contamination
US11617742B2 (en) 2006-11-16 2023-04-04 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of treating keratin hyperproliferation disorders using mTOR inhibitors
US8946256B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2015-02-03 Biocosmeceuticals, LLC Compositions and methods for treatment of vitiligo
EP2515652A4 (en) * 2009-12-21 2014-11-26 B C Unlimited Liability Company Compositions and methods for treatment of vitiligo
EP2515652A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-10-31 Sarah Bacus Compositions and methods for treatment of vitiligo
EP2671583A4 (en) * 2011-01-31 2014-09-03 Univ Osaka Externally-used drug for treating skin disorder and method for producing same
EP2671583A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2013-12-11 Osaka University Externally-used drug for treating skin disorder and method for producing same
US10172789B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2019-01-08 Palvella Therapeutics Llc Compositions for transdermal delivery of mTOR inhibitors
US10695326B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2020-06-30 Drexel University Compositions and methods for treating or preventing dermal disorders
US11179374B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2021-11-23 Drexel University Compositions and methods for treating or preventing dermal disorders
EP3565520A4 (en) * 2017-01-06 2020-08-19 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mtor inhibitors and methods of use
US11135204B2 (en) 2017-01-06 2021-10-05 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
US10722499B2 (en) 2017-01-06 2020-07-28 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anyhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
AU2018205253B2 (en) * 2017-01-06 2022-01-13 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
WO2018129364A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-12 Palvella Therapeutics Llc Anhydrous compositions of mtor inhibitors and methods of use
US11679101B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2023-06-20 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
US11000513B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2021-05-11 Palvella Therapeutics, Inc. Anhydrous compositions of mTOR inhibitors and methods of use
WO2021176263A1 (en) * 2020-03-02 2021-09-10 Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Topical formulations containing mtor inhibitors
US11813250B2 (en) 2020-03-02 2023-11-14 Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Topical formulations containing mTOR inhibitors
AU2020277132B1 (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-11-04 Aft Pharmaceuticals Limited A Rapamycin Composition
GB2615048A (en) * 2020-11-24 2023-07-26 Aft Pharmaceuticals Ltd A Rapamycin composition
WO2022114964A1 (en) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-02 Aft Pharmaceuticals Limited A rapamycin composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ID24662A (en) 2000-07-27
GB9723669D0 (en) 1998-01-07
CN1115148C (en) 2003-07-23
EP1028727B1 (en) 2006-07-05
AR014011A1 (en) 2001-01-31
GEP20032884B (en) 2003-02-25
EP1632231A3 (en) 2008-01-23
PL340710A1 (en) 2001-02-26
PT1028727E (en) 2006-11-30
TR200001238T2 (en) 2001-01-22
CY1105243T1 (en) 2010-03-03
TW557218B (en) 2003-10-11
IL135978A0 (en) 2001-05-20
EE200000279A (en) 2001-10-15
CA2309159C (en) 2009-03-17
ATE332134T1 (en) 2006-07-15
HRP20000233A2 (en) 2001-02-28
NZ530752A (en) 2005-05-27
DE69835163T2 (en) 2007-05-31
NO20002078D0 (en) 2000-04-19
KR20010031741A (en) 2001-04-16
JP2001522801A (en) 2001-11-20
HUP0003675A3 (en) 2001-05-28
AU1040899A (en) 1999-05-31
US20050239724A1 (en) 2005-10-27
EA200000461A1 (en) 2000-10-30
GEP20043171B (en) 2004-02-25
EA003616B1 (en) 2003-08-28
EE04390B1 (en) 2004-12-15
UA73274C2 (en) 2005-07-15
CA2309159A1 (en) 1999-05-20
DK1028727T3 (en) 2006-10-23
SK6622000A3 (en) 2001-01-18
EP1028727A1 (en) 2000-08-23
DE69835163D1 (en) 2006-08-17
NZ520449A (en) 2004-04-30
EP1632231A2 (en) 2006-03-08
BR9815264A (en) 2001-08-14
NZ504076A (en) 2002-12-20
CN1278173A (en) 2000-12-27
AU759326B2 (en) 2003-04-10
NO20002078L (en) 2000-07-06
BG104370A (en) 2000-12-29
HUP0003675A2 (en) 2001-04-28
US6958153B1 (en) 2005-10-25
ZA9810111B (en) 1999-05-07
ES2268795T3 (en) 2007-03-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6958153B1 (en) Skin penetration enhancing components
Nazzaro-Porro Azelaic acid
US5565462A (en) Composition for topical treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis comprising a xanthine derivative
Hermann et al. Topical ciclosporin for psoriasis: in vitro skin penetration and clinical study
Mrowietz et al. An experimental ointment formulation of pimecrolimus is effective in psoriasis without occlusion
JP2006522059A (en) Pharmaceutical composition comprising an immunosuppressant for use in the treatment of skin diseases
Lakritz et al. Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin phosphate after intragastric administration to healthy foals
WO1994021271A1 (en) Methods and compositions for inducing phase separation of epithelial lipid bilayers
AU2003211175B2 (en) Skin penetration enhancing components
AU2006213973A1 (en) Skin penetration enhancing components
MXPA00004340A (en) Skin penetration enhancing components
McNulty et al. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of carumonam, a new synthetic monobactam
CZ20001662A3 (en) Preparation for local administration
Barth et al. Studies on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of prednicarbate after cutaneous and oral administration
Archer et al. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with salbutamol
US20080132534A1 (en) Pharmaceutical composition comprising a macrolide immunomodulator
JPH06256182A (en) External pharmaceutical preparation
Fincher The effect of skin penetration enhancers on the permeation of dideoxynucleoside anti-HIV drugs in vitro and in vivo
AU2004226822B2 (en) Pharmaceutical composition comprising a macrolide immunomodulator
US20060088556A1 (en) Topical formulation and use of buspirone
EP0693932A1 (en) Methods and compositions for inducing phase separation of epithelial lipid bilayers
Verma Percutaneous penetration and anti-inflammatory activity of desfluorotriamcinolone acetonide

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 135978

Country of ref document: IL

Ref document number: 1200000434

Country of ref document: VN

Ref document number: 98810780.5

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 504076

Country of ref document: NZ

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: P20000233A

Country of ref document: HR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 10408/99

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2309159

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2309159

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1020007004806

Country of ref document: KR

Ref document number: 2000/01238

Country of ref document: TR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PA/a/2000/004340

Country of ref document: MX

Ref document number: 6622000

Country of ref document: SK

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PV2000-1662

Country of ref document: CZ

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1200201131

Country of ref document: VN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200000461

Country of ref document: EA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998952860

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09530375

Country of ref document: US

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998952860

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: PV2000-1662

Country of ref document: CZ

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1020007004806

Country of ref document: KR

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 10408/99

Country of ref document: AU

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: PV2000-1662

Country of ref document: CZ

WWR Wipo information: refused in national office

Ref document number: 1020007004806

Country of ref document: KR

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1998952860

Country of ref document: EP