WO1999019920A1 - Lithium ion polymer cell separator - Google Patents

Lithium ion polymer cell separator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999019920A1
WO1999019920A1 PCT/US1998/021481 US9821481W WO9919920A1 WO 1999019920 A1 WO1999019920 A1 WO 1999019920A1 US 9821481 W US9821481 W US 9821481W WO 9919920 A1 WO9919920 A1 WO 9919920A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
separator
cell
cathode
anode
polymer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/021481
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph Barella
Joseph E. Manna
Original Assignee
Ultralife Batteries, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultralife Batteries, Inc. filed Critical Ultralife Batteries, Inc.
Priority to JP2000516383A priority Critical patent/JP2001520441A/en
Priority to EP98953399A priority patent/EP1029377A1/en
Priority to AU10789/99A priority patent/AU1078999A/en
Priority to BR9812806-0A priority patent/BR9812806A/en
Priority to CA002305271A priority patent/CA2305271A1/en
Priority to KR1020007003838A priority patent/KR20010015725A/en
Publication of WO1999019920A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019920A1/en
Priority to NO20001857A priority patent/NO20001857D0/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H01M50/437—Glass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This invention relates to separators used in thin laminated electrochemical cells and particularly to separators used in lithium ion polymer cells.
  • the individual cells are typically constructed with the cathode and anode materials being laminated to opposite sides of a thin solid polymer electrolyte separator membrane, with respective electrically conductive current collectors being placed adjacent to or within the anode and cathode.
  • the anode, cathode, current collectors and separator together with electrolyte comprise the individual cell assembly which is typically placed into a metallized plastic laminate which is sealed under heat and pressure to form a completed sealed cell, with the respective current collectors remaining electrically externally accessible.
  • the respective layers of the electrodes and electrolyte separator are very thin, generally on the order of 5-6 mils for the anode, 9-12 mils for the cathode and 3-9 mils for the polymer electrolyte/separator, with a total cell thickness of about 18-25 mils.
  • the polymeric materials of the electrodes and separator have been of the same or very similar material.
  • the cells were made with a lamination compression of the thin separator between the electrodes to enhance interface contact by means of a common material interface.
  • the enhanced interfacial contact was deemed necessary to provide for sufficient ion transport capability through the separator to the electrodes, which ion transport had been minimized because of the low amounts of fluid electrolyte contained in polymer cells.
  • Polymer cells contain all or nearly all of their electrolyte as absorbed within the electrodes and separator with little if any free liquid electrolyte. It was thus deemed necessary to provide a pressed laminate structure with all components having common polymeric components in order to provide the requisite interface for acceptable cell and battery performance.
  • the separator was in the form of a thin membrane of the common polymeric material, having little structural integrity of its own. Accordingly the separator was required to be handled during cell and battery construction on a base substrate as a carrier until the separator was laminated with the electrodes, at which point the carrier substrate was removed.
  • the cell anode, cathode and separator are each comprised of a combination of a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) copolymer matrix and a compatible organic plasticizer which maintains a homogeneous composition in the form of a film.
  • the separator copolymer composition comprises from about 75 to about 92% by weight of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) and about 8 to about 25% by weight hexafluoropropylene (HFP) , (both commercially available from Elf AtoChem North America as Kynar FLEX tm ) , and an organic plasticizer.
  • the copolymer composition is also used as binder material in the manufacture of the respective electrodes to insure a compatible interface with the separator.
  • organic plasticizer materials are the higher-boiling point plasticizers including dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and tris butoxyethyl phosphate.
  • inorganic fillers such as fumed alumina and silanized fumed silica were often added to enhance the physical strength and melt viscosity of the separator membrane, and to increase the electrolyte solution absorption level.
  • the cathode is generally made of the polymer used in the anode and separator, with an amount of lithium manganese oxide added to the mix in place of the graphite (used in the anode) as a host intercalation material for the lithium ions.
  • the current collectors which are assembled to be in intimate electrical contact with the cathode and the anode are usually made from aluminum and copper, respectively, and of foil or grid-like configuration.
  • the anode, cathode and separator (usually as a unit, after lamination and compresion) are made porous by solvent extraction of the plasticizer material such as DBP, which, after the extraction, leaves matrices or pores in the electrodes and separator. It is understood however, that this is merely an illustrative embodiment and that other methods of extraction are possible, as well as other methods for providing the requisite porosity.
  • the porous electrodes and separator are dipped into the electrolyte, prior to cell packaging, in order to load the electrolyte into the cell. Free liquid electrolyte is minimized or eliminated thereby.
  • the electrolyte which is added to the electrodes and separator is comprised of a solution of a soluble lithium salt in one or more organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC) .
  • organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC) .
  • EC-DMC ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate
  • Other commonly utilized non- aqueous solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone ( ⁇ -BL) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-DME), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) , methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) , diethoxyethane (DEE) , dioxolane (DOL) and methyl formate (MF) .
  • ⁇ -BL ⁇ -butyrolactone
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the soluble electrolyte is present in about 1 to 2 molar solutions and with preferred and common soluble electrolyte lithium salts being LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCl0 , LiCF 3 S0 3 , LiN(CF 3 S0 2 ) 3 , and LiN (C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) 3 with iPF 6 being particularly preferred.
  • Electrodes, anodes and cathodes type, structure and method of construction of polymer type cells are known in the field (e.g., such as described in US Patent No. 5,296,318) with carbon anodes and spinel cathodes such as of LiMn 2 0 4 and electrolyte containing separators, as described.
  • the present invention comprises a lithium ion polymer cell in which the separator component is a discrete self supporting element without substrate carrier.
  • the separator comprises a porous non-woven material comprised of polymeric fibers which need not be the same polymer contained in the anode and cathode.
  • the separator is used in its self supporting form, with a minimum thickness of about 1 mil (0.001") and preferably about 25 mils with a substantial weight/unit area of at least about 20 gm/m 2 and more preferably about 25-28 gm/m 2 .
  • the discrete separator may be used without carrier substrate, with the anode and cathode being directly laminated thereon, as with the membrane lamination.
  • the discrete separator is coated on both sides (or coated on one side and allowed to seep to the other side) with a thin layer of the common polymeric material of the anode and cathode whereby it effectively functions as a separator element and a non-removed in si tu carrier substrate for a separator of the common polymeric material of the anode and cathode.
  • a preferred material for the self supporting separator of the present invention is melt blown nonwoven polypropylene commercially available from Johns Manville as Grade material PX0074, having a weight of 28 gm/m2 with a thickness of 0.0025" and a high porosity.
  • Other non woven or fibrous polymeric materials, inert to the cell components may similarly be utilized, such as of PVC, polyethylene and the like or non- polymeric materials such as fibrous glass, glass mat, etc.
  • the other group of cells (Example 2, with 16 cells) was constructed with the Johns Manville grade PX0074 melt blown polypropylene nonwoven, described above, as discrete separators, in place of the substrate carried membrane separator, and coated on both sides with PVdF to an extent sufficient to increase the weight thereof by about 50%, after which the anode and cathode were laminated to the coated separator. Both groups of cells were placed under charge regimen of 4.2v constant voltage chage limiting current to a 0.2A (C rate) until the current fell below C/20 or 2.5 hours to provide a charge profile; and a discharge regimen of constant current discharge at 0.2A to a 3.0 volt cutoff to provide a discharge regimen. The results of the testing for both groups of cells are given in the following Tables 1 and 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

A lithium ion cell with a polymeric anode and cathode and a separator therebetween. The separator, such as of non-woven polymeric fibers is provided with its own discrete structure, without carrier substrate, and with structural integrity, apart from being laminated/compressed between the polymeric anode and cathode elements. Operable cells are made thinner despite the self supporting discrete structure, with obtained improved rate capacity and high temperature performance.

Description

LITHIUM ION POLYMER CELL SEPARATOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to separators used in thin laminated electrochemical cells and particularly to separators used in lithium ion polymer cells.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In polymer type cells the individual cells are typically constructed with the cathode and anode materials being laminated to opposite sides of a thin solid polymer electrolyte separator membrane, with respective electrically conductive current collectors being placed adjacent to or within the anode and cathode. The anode, cathode, current collectors and separator together with electrolyte comprise the individual cell assembly which is typically placed into a metallized plastic laminate which is sealed under heat and pressure to form a completed sealed cell, with the respective current collectors remaining electrically externally accessible. The respective layers of the electrodes and electrolyte separator are very thin, generally on the order of 5-6 mils for the anode, 9-12 mils for the cathode and 3-9 mils for the polymer electrolyte/separator, with a total cell thickness of about 18-25 mils.
In the past, in such polymeric cells, the polymeric materials of the electrodes and separator have been of the same or very similar material. The cells were made with a lamination compression of the thin separator between the electrodes to enhance interface contact by means of a common material interface. The enhanced interfacial contact was deemed necessary to provide for sufficient ion transport capability through the separator to the electrodes, which ion transport had been minimized because of the low amounts of fluid electrolyte contained in polymer cells. Polymer cells contain all or nearly all of their electrolyte as absorbed within the electrodes and separator with little if any free liquid electrolyte. It was thus deemed necessary to provide a pressed laminate structure with all components having common polymeric components in order to provide the requisite interface for acceptable cell and battery performance. Accordingly, in polymer cells the separator was in the form of a thin membrane of the common polymeric material, having little structural integrity of its own. Accordingly the separator was required to be handled during cell and battery construction on a base substrate as a carrier until the separator was laminated with the electrodes, at which point the carrier substrate was removed.
However, despite the integration of anode, cathode and separator in polymer cells, as described, there were often fluctuations in cell performance in terms of cell rate, capacity and high temperature performance. This was in addition to the complications in manufacturing engendered by construction of such cells with component carrier substrates and the sensitivity of the material to mechanical handling.
By way of specific example, in a typical polymeric cell, the cell anode, cathode and separator are each comprised of a combination of a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) copolymer matrix and a compatible organic plasticizer which maintains a homogeneous composition in the form of a film. In commercial embodiments, the separator copolymer composition comprises from about 75 to about 92% by weight of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) and about 8 to about 25% by weight hexafluoropropylene (HFP) , (both commercially available from Elf AtoChem North America as Kynar FLEXtm) , and an organic plasticizer. The copolymer composition is also used as binder material in the manufacture of the respective electrodes to insure a compatible interface with the separator.
The most common organic plasticizer materials are the higher-boiling point plasticizers including dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and tris butoxyethyl phosphate. In addition, inorganic fillers such as fumed alumina and silanized fumed silica were often added to enhance the physical strength and melt viscosity of the separator membrane, and to increase the electrolyte solution absorption level.
Because of the requisite thin film nature of the separators they were commonly made by procedures involving casting or forming films in addition to the described use of substrate carried membranes of polymer compositions.
In a typical lithium ion polymer cell the cathode is generally made of the polymer used in the anode and separator, with an amount of lithium manganese oxide added to the mix in place of the graphite (used in the anode) as a host intercalation material for the lithium ions.
The current collectors which are assembled to be in intimate electrical contact with the cathode and the anode are usually made from aluminum and copper, respectively, and of foil or grid-like configuration.
To facilitate ionic conductivity and transport, the anode, cathode and separator (usually as a unit, after lamination and compresion) are made porous by solvent extraction of the plasticizer material such as DBP, which, after the extraction, leaves matrices or pores in the electrodes and separator. It is understood however, that this is merely an illustrative embodiment and that other methods of extraction are possible, as well as other methods for providing the requisite porosity. The porous electrodes and separator are dipped into the electrolyte, prior to cell packaging, in order to load the electrolyte into the cell. Free liquid electrolyte is minimized or eliminated thereby.
The electrolyte, which is added to the electrodes and separator is comprised of a solution of a soluble lithium salt in one or more organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC-DMC) . Other commonly utilized non- aqueous solvents include γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) , tetrahydrofuran (THF) , 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-DME), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) , methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) , diethoxyethane (DEE) , dioxolane (DOL) and methyl formate (MF) .
Generally the soluble electrolyte is present in about 1 to 2 molar solutions and with preferred and common soluble electrolyte lithium salts being LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiBF4, LiCl0 , LiCF3S03, LiN(CF3S02)3, and LiN (C2F5S02) 3 with iPF6 being particularly preferred.
Electrodes, anodes and cathodes type, structure and method of construction of polymer type cells are known in the field (e.g., such as described in US Patent No. 5,296,318) with carbon anodes and spinel cathodes such as of LiMn204 and electrolyte containing separators, as described.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With the aforementioned background, it is an object of the present invention to enhance manufacturability of lithium ion polymer cells but without degradation of cell capacity and performance .
It is a further object of the present invention to provide greater uniformity in cell performance. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide specific components and a method of cell construction with such components, in lithium ion polymer cells, which provide enhanced cell performance in addition to overall uniformity of such performance. Generally the present invention comprises a lithium ion polymer cell in which the separator component is a discrete self supporting element without substrate carrier. The separator comprises a porous non-woven material comprised of polymeric fibers which need not be the same polymer contained in the anode and cathode. The separator is used in its self supporting form, with a minimum thickness of about 1 mil (0.001") and preferably about 25 mils with a substantial weight/unit area of at least about 20 gm/m2 and more preferably about 25-28 gm/m2. The discrete separator may be used without carrier substrate, with the anode and cathode being directly laminated thereon, as with the membrane lamination. Alternatively, the discrete separator is coated on both sides (or coated on one side and allowed to seep to the other side) with a thin layer of the common polymeric material of the anode and cathode whereby it effectively functions as a separator element and a non-removed in si tu carrier substrate for a separator of the common polymeric material of the anode and cathode.
A preferred material for the self supporting separator of the present invention is melt blown nonwoven polypropylene commercially available from Johns Manville as Grade material PX0074, having a weight of 28 gm/m2 with a thickness of 0.0025" and a high porosity. Other non woven or fibrous polymeric materials, inert to the cell components may similarly be utilized, such as of PVC, polyethylene and the like or non- polymeric materials such as fibrous glass, glass mat, etc.
In accordance with the present invention, manufacturability is enhanced since the separator can be handled and positioned without a carrier base and the removal thereof, with the material being ruggeder. Other manufacturing steps of lamination placement of anode and cathode remain the same. Surprisingly it has beeen found that not only is performance not degraded with the use of a discrete separator of a non-common material but overall cell performance can be actually enhanced, with enhanced uniformity of cell characteristics and structural integrity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to test and demonstrate the efficacy of the present invention two groups of identical lithium ion polymer cells were identically constructed and tested except that one group (Example 1, with 31 cells) was made with the membrane separators comprised of PVdF copolymer matrix, of the prior art, as specifically described above, on carrier substrates, which were removed during the construction thereof, with lamination of anode and cathode thereto. The other group of cells (Example 2, with 16 cells) was constructed with the Johns Manville grade PX0074 melt blown polypropylene nonwoven, described above, as discrete separators, in place of the substrate carried membrane separator, and coated on both sides with PVdF to an extent sufficient to increase the weight thereof by about 50%, after which the anode and cathode were laminated to the coated separator. Both groups of cells were placed under charge regimen of 4.2v constant voltage chage limiting current to a 0.2A (C rate) until the current fell below C/20 or 2.5 hours to provide a charge profile; and a discharge regimen of constant current discharge at 0.2A to a 3.0 volt cutoff to provide a discharge regimen. The results of the testing for both groups of cells are given in the following Tables 1 and 2.
Exampio 1: Lithium Ion Polymer Cell without Dlicretβ Separator
■fAt I Charge Profile: A.7s Constant Voltage Charge Limiting Current to 0.2A(C Rate) until Current Falls Below C/20 or 2.6Hrs Discharge Profile. Constant Currant Discharge ot 0.2A to a 3.0 Vofl Cutoff.
Figure imgf000009_0001
Average 278.28 208.40 αTβ 209.88 188.48 0.71 1.33 48 3JI
SD 18.70 12.08 0.06 11.38 32.47 0.12 0.14 0.00 087
gxβ ptø 2: Lithium Ion Polymer Cell wit Ofβcrete Separator
Ch*rgβ PwRfβ: 4.2v Constant Voltaflβ Charge Umlβrifl Currenl to 0.2A (C Rate) until Current Fβllβ Below C 20 or 2.6Hr Discharge Profile: Constant Current Discharge at 0.2A to a 2.0 VoK Cutoff.
00
Figure imgf000010_0001
Avenge 258,34 197.41 0.71 102.42 190.06 0.00 1.31 3.71 3.74
6D 9.87 10.98 0.04 11.37 10.84 0.04 0.12 0.03 0.04
The last column in each Table of OCV after 48 Hrs . is most indicative of cell stability and uniformity of cell performance. The prior art cells generally exhibited declines in OCV voltage or fluctuations whereas the cells utilizing the discrete separators of the present invention exhibited uniform increase in OCV. The use of the discrete separators accordingly provided the benefits of facilitated manufacture as well as greater consistency of performance.
It is understood that the above description and examples are only exemplary of the present invention and that changes may be made to types, number, configuration and composition of the components of the cells of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims .

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A lithium ion polymer cell having a polymeric anode and cathode, wherein the anode further contains an intercalation carbon material and wherein the cathode contains a material capable of reversibly containing lithium ions, wherein the anode and cathode are laminated on a self supporting discrete separator element .
2. The cell of claim 1, wherein the self supporting discrete separator element is comprised of any one of a melt blown nonwoven polymer or microporous polymer of a thickness in excess of 1 mil .
3. The cell of claim 2, wherein the melt blown nonwoven polymer separator element material is comprised of polypropylene with a unit weight of at least 25 gm/m2.
4. The cell of claim 3, wherein the anode, cathode and separator comprise the same polymer and wherein said same polymer in the separator comprises a coating on the melt blown non-woven polypropylene, with the anode and cathode being laminated on the coating.
5. The cell of claim 1, wherein the self supporting discrete separator is comprised of glass.
6. The cell of claim 5, wherein said glass separator is comprised of glass fibers.
PCT/US1998/021481 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator WO1999019920A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000516383A JP2001520441A (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium-ion polymer battery separator
EP98953399A EP1029377A1 (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
AU10789/99A AU1078999A (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
BR9812806-0A BR9812806A (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
CA002305271A CA2305271A1 (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
KR1020007003838A KR20010015725A (en) 1997-10-10 1998-10-12 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
NO20001857A NO20001857D0 (en) 1997-10-10 2000-04-06 Lithium-ion polymer-cell separator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/948,512 US5962162A (en) 1997-10-10 1997-10-10 Lithium ion polymer cell separator
US08/948,512 1997-10-10

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CN (1) CN1279823A (en)
AU (1) AU1078999A (en)
BR (1) BR9812806A (en)
CA (1) CA2305271A1 (en)
NO (1) NO20001857D0 (en)
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WO2000077875A1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Le Carbone Lorraine Method for making a multilayer structure for lithium polymer generators
EP2523202A1 (en) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-14 Eika, S.Coop Electrical double - layer capacitor, and method for manufacturing such a capacitor
US9799866B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2017-10-24 Lg Chem, Ltd. Electrochemical device and its manufacturing method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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KR20010015725A (en) 2001-02-26
CA2305271A1 (en) 1999-04-22
EP1029377A1 (en) 2000-08-23
BR9812806A (en) 2000-10-03
JP2001520441A (en) 2001-10-30
US5962162A (en) 1999-10-05
CN1279823A (en) 2001-01-10
AU1078999A (en) 1999-05-03

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