WO1999019126A1 - Method for production of solid wooden sheets - Google Patents

Method for production of solid wooden sheets Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999019126A1
WO1999019126A1 PCT/SE1998/001848 SE9801848W WO9919126A1 WO 1999019126 A1 WO1999019126 A1 WO 1999019126A1 SE 9801848 W SE9801848 W SE 9801848W WO 9919126 A1 WO9919126 A1 WO 9919126A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slab
planks
block
slabs
annual rings
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001848
Other languages
French (fr)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Ulf Lindkvist
Original Assignee
Degerbyns Trä Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degerbyns Trä Ab filed Critical Degerbyns Trä Ab
Priority to PL98339907A priority Critical patent/PL339907A1/en
Priority to AU95631/98A priority patent/AU9563198A/en
Priority to EP98949277A priority patent/EP1023147A1/en
Publication of WO1999019126A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019126A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a method for the production of solid slabs of wood that have an even plane that is essentially independent of variations in the moisture content ratio, a block for dividing into such slabs and a slab produced by the method. This is achieved by the change of shape in the wooden material of the slab due to the effect of moisture being arranged to occur only in one direction and in the plane of the slab.
  • slabs of wood have been produced by ordinary planks being glued to one another to form a block that has then been sawn into slabs.
  • the slabs produced in this way are extremely sensitive to changes in the moisture content ratio and are essentially impossible to store so that they maintain their even plane.
  • the reason for this is that the elongated annual rings of the planks are rotated, which means that the elongated annual rings in the planks will have different directions of orientation in different positions in the slab and, at specified positions in the slabs, will vary between different slabs sawn from the same block.
  • the problem of changing shape can be reduced by the wood being handled in a constant humidity from when the timber is bonded together to form a block, through sawing of the block to slabs and the possible sanding of the surface, to treating the outer surface of the slabs.
  • a further way of reducing the problem is that the outer surface of the wooden slab is treated directly following the sawing to hinder the spread of moisture. Maintaining a constant humidity in the air is often impossible, especially if transport and handling are required, and an outer surface treatment is not always desirable at such an early stage. Both of the procedures named above bring about increases in the cost of producing solid slabs of wood.
  • the following method has been suggested to achieve a specific direction for possible changes of shape in slabs of the kind mentioned above.
  • a spiral-shaped veneer is produced by the outer surface of a tree trunk being cut out in the direction of the circumference.
  • the spiral of veneer is then stretched out in one plane.
  • a slab-shaped veneer where the annual rings or elongated annual rings have been straightened out to coincide with the plane of the veneer is achieved.
  • Several of these veneer slabs are then glued together on top of one another to form a block that is then sawn across the joints and in the direction of the growth of the tree. In this way, a slab with only one direction for changes of shape is achieved.
  • this direction for change of shape is known and is located in the plane of the slab. This requires special equipment for cutting out the veneer and a relatively high quality of the tree truck that is to be sliced at its surface, which results in the procedure being both time-consuming and expensive.
  • the objective of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages named above and achieve a procedure for producing a homogeneous slab of wood whose change in shape takes place in a known direction in the plane of the slab, a block for dividing into the said slab and a slab produced by the procedure.
  • fig. 1 shows schematically a common means of sawing planks from a trunk
  • fig. 2 shows a block according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • fig. 3 shows a partial view of fig. 2 at a larger scale.
  • the procedure according to the present embodiment for producing solid slabs of wood includes the planks sawn out from the outer sections of a trunk being joined together by means of being glued to one another to form a block.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a common pattern according to which a trunk 1 is sawn into planks.
  • the inner part of the trunk shown as a rectangular section 2 in fig. 1. comprises that traditionally used for sawn timber products. Parts lying further to the outside, known as outer sections 3, are not considered to be suitable for sawn timber products and thus fetch a very low price.
  • the outer section is generally considered to be waste. If the outer section is nevertheless used for sawing to planks, the elongated annual rings in these planks will be essentially plane in relation to the elongated annual rings in planks sawn out from closer to the heart of the trunk.
  • the procedure also involves that the planks 4 sawn out from the outer section are oriented with their respective elongated annual rings 5 essentially parallel with one another so that the length of the plank (1) and the height of the block (h) agree with or exceed the desired width and the length of the slab, and that the slabs are separated from the block along a cross-sectional plane 6,
  • the cross-sectional plane 6 includes the longitudinal direction of the planks (equivalent to the direction of growth of the tree) and cuts the glued joints of the planks, which are also essentially parallel with the elongated annual rings.
  • Partitioning off the slabs can occur by sawing, e.g. with a band saw or blade, by a cut, e.g. plane cutting or stock cutting, or by some other suitable means.
  • the length of the plank 1 is equivalent to or exceeds the length of the desired slab. This is only an example.
  • the common height h of the planks can naturally be equivalent to or exceed the length of the desired slab and the length 1 of the block can constitute the width of the slab. Which of these alternatives applies is determined by the available machinery, the available material and the desired direction of the known change of shape in the slab.
  • Planks that are sawn from the outer sections usually have a rectangular cross- sectional shape with the elongated annual rings essentially oriented in parallel with the main surface of the plank, as is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
  • the slab is preferably separated by means of sawing from the block and the main surface of the sawn off slab is smoothed with, for example, a sanding machine.
  • the slab can even be sawn with a figure saw before it is smoothed.
  • the slab can be separated by means of cutting. Even if the elongated annual rings of the planks are essentially plane, they do display a slightly rotated surface.
  • the planks can thus advantageously be arranged so that the elongated annual rings of adjacent planks are arranged as a mirror image in relation to one another, i.e. front-to-front and back-to-back.
  • the block that is to be divided into wooden slabs consists of planks sawn from the outer section of a trunk and bonded to one another by means of gluing.
  • the planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings essentially parallel with the glued joint, and adjoining planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings essentially parallel with the plane of the reciprocally glued joint.
  • the slightly rotated elongated annual rings of the adjoining planks can be arranged front-to-front and back-to-back respectively, i.e. arranged as a mirror image in relation to one another with regard to the common glued joint.
  • the solid slab of wood produced by means of the procedure has a number of strips sawn out of planks from the outer section and joined together by means of gluing. These strips form the slab.
  • the glued joints that hold the strips together extend between the main surfaces of the slab and as such clearly demarcate the adjoining wooden strips.
  • knots that may be found in the planks that form the starting material will always be glued firmly to the adjoining plank, which means that the starting material does not have to be wholly free from knots. Since the knots are found pointing radially outwards on a tree trunk, i.e. a perpendicular direction to the elongated annual rings, they will always be glued to an adjoining plank. The risk that a knot will fall off at a later stage is thus eliminated.
  • the segments of elongated annual rings that form the strips are essentially plane and essentially parallel with one another and with a plane perpendicular to the slab. Furthermore, in the present invention, this perpendicular plane is parallel with the glued joints.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention refers to a method for the production of solid slabs of wood that have an even plane that is essentially independent of variations in the moisture content ratio, a block for dividing into such slabs and a slab produced by the method. The procedure achieves a change of shape of the slab due to the effect of moisture in essentially only one specified direction in the plane of the slab due to the planks (4) sawed out from the outer sections (3) of at least one trunk (1) being joined together by means of being glued to one another to form a block, that the planks are arranged with their respective elongated annual rings (5) essentially parallel with one another to form a height (h) of a block that is equivalent to or exceeds the width or length of the desired slab, and that the slabs are separated from the block along a cross-sectional cut (6) that includes the longitudinal direction of the planks and that cuts the glued joints (7) of the planks.

Description

Method for production of solid wooden sheets
The present invention refers to a method for the production of solid slabs of wood that have an even plane that is essentially independent of variations in the moisture content ratio, a block for dividing into such slabs and a slab produced by the method. This is achieved by the change of shape in the wooden material of the slab due to the effect of moisture being arranged to occur only in one direction and in the plane of the slab.
It is known that the shape of wood is affected by changes in the moisture content ratio of the wood. The moisture content ratio is in turn affected by changes in the humidity of the surrounding air, which explains why the effect on the shape is most evident in natural wooden materials that have not yet been provided with an outer moisture-inhibiting layer. It is also known that the changes in shape to a large extent depend on internal tensions resulting from expansion or contraction between the fibres in the areas around the annual rings, i.e., the changes in shape take place from the heart of the trunk when observed in a radial direction. The changes in shape thus take place between the layers in the tree trunk that extend in the direction of growth, where these layers in a cross-section of the trunk make visible the annual rings. These three dimensional annual rings are referred to below as elongated annual rings.
According to known techniques, slabs of wood have been produced by ordinary planks being glued to one another to form a block that has then been sawn into slabs. However, the slabs produced in this way are extremely sensitive to changes in the moisture content ratio and are essentially impossible to store so that they maintain their even plane. The reason for this is that the elongated annual rings of the planks are rotated, which means that the elongated annual rings in the planks will have different directions of orientation in different positions in the slab and, at specified positions in the slabs, will vary between different slabs sawn from the same block. The problem of changing shape can be reduced by the wood being handled in a constant humidity from when the timber is bonded together to form a block, through sawing of the block to slabs and the possible sanding of the surface, to treating the outer surface of the slabs. A further way of reducing the problem is that the outer surface of the wooden slab is treated directly following the sawing to hinder the spread of moisture. Maintaining a constant humidity in the air is often impossible, especially if transport and handling are required, and an outer surface treatment is not always desirable at such an early stage. Both of the procedures named above bring about increases in the cost of producing solid slabs of wood. The following method has been suggested to achieve a specific direction for possible changes of shape in slabs of the kind mentioned above. A spiral-shaped veneer is produced by the outer surface of a tree trunk being cut out in the direction of the circumference. The spiral of veneer is then stretched out in one plane. In this way, a slab-shaped veneer where the annual rings or elongated annual rings have been straightened out to coincide with the plane of the veneer is achieved. Several of these veneer slabs are then glued together on top of one another to form a block that is then sawn across the joints and in the direction of the growth of the tree. In this way, a slab with only one direction for changes of shape is achieved. In addition, this direction for change of shape is known and is located in the plane of the slab. This requires special equipment for cutting out the veneer and a relatively high quality of the tree truck that is to be sliced at its surface, which results in the procedure being both time-consuming and expensive.
The objective of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages named above and achieve a procedure for producing a homogeneous slab of wood whose change in shape takes place in a known direction in the plane of the slab, a block for dividing into the said slab and a slab produced by the procedure.
These objectives are achieved with a procedure that is first named above and that is distinguished by those characteristics defined in the enclosed independent claims.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are evident from the following non- independent claims.
Additional advantages and characteristics of the invention are evident from the following non-limiting description of one preferred embodiment of the invention. The description contains references to the enclosed drawings, where fig. 1 shows schematically a common means of sawing planks from a trunk, fig. 2 shows a block according to one embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a partial view of fig. 2 at a larger scale.
The procedure according to the present embodiment for producing solid slabs of wood includes the planks sawn out from the outer sections of a trunk being joined together by means of being glued to one another to form a block.
Fig. 1 shows schematically a common pattern according to which a trunk 1 is sawn into planks. The inner part of the trunk, shown as a rectangular section 2 in fig. 1. comprises that traditionally used for sawn timber products. Parts lying further to the outside, known as outer sections 3, are not considered to be suitable for sawn timber products and thus fetch a very low price. The outer section is generally considered to be waste. If the outer section is nevertheless used for sawing to planks, the elongated annual rings in these planks will be essentially plane in relation to the elongated annual rings in planks sawn out from closer to the heart of the trunk.
As shown schematically in figs. 2 and 3, the procedure also involves that the planks 4 sawn out from the outer section are oriented with their respective elongated annual rings 5 essentially parallel with one another so that the length of the plank (1) and the height of the block (h) agree with or exceed the desired width and the length of the slab, and that the slabs are separated from the block along a cross-sectional plane 6, The cross-sectional plane 6 includes the longitudinal direction of the planks (equivalent to the direction of growth of the tree) and cuts the glued joints of the planks, which are also essentially parallel with the elongated annual rings.
Partitioning off the slabs can occur by sawing, e.g. with a band saw or blade, by a cut, e.g. plane cutting or stock cutting, or by some other suitable means. In the present embodiment, it is stated that the length of the plank 1 is equivalent to or exceeds the length of the desired slab. This is only an example. In practice, the common height h of the planks can naturally be equivalent to or exceed the length of the desired slab and the length 1 of the block can constitute the width of the slab. Which of these alternatives applies is determined by the available machinery, the available material and the desired direction of the known change of shape in the slab.
Planks that are sawn from the outer sections usually have a rectangular cross- sectional shape with the elongated annual rings essentially oriented in parallel with the main surface of the plank, as is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The slab is preferably separated by means of sawing from the block and the main surface of the sawn off slab is smoothed with, for example, a sanding machine. The slab can even be sawn with a figure saw before it is smoothed.
In alternative embodiments, the slab can be separated by means of cutting. Even if the elongated annual rings of the planks are essentially plane, they do display a slightly rotated surface. The planks can thus advantageously be arranged so that the elongated annual rings of adjacent planks are arranged as a mirror image in relation to one another, i.e. front-to-front and back-to-back.
With this procedure, one can saw out surprisingly stable shapes of slabs with a thickness of under 20 mm from the block. Experiments have been performed and have given good results when sawing out wooden slabs with a thickness down to 4 mm.
In this way, it is possible to achieve slabs with a known change of shape influenced by moisture in the plane of the slab that are neutral with regard to the even nature of the plane. The procedure even allows the production of slabs with these sought-after characteristics from an unexpected and very cheap raw material.
The block that is to be divided into wooden slabs consists of planks sawn from the outer section of a trunk and bonded to one another by means of gluing. The planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings essentially parallel with the glued joint, and adjoining planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings essentially parallel with the plane of the reciprocally glued joint. The slightly rotated elongated annual rings of the adjoining planks can be arranged front-to-front and back-to-back respectively, i.e. arranged as a mirror image in relation to one another with regard to the common glued joint. The solid slab of wood produced by means of the procedure has a number of strips sawn out of planks from the outer section and joined together by means of gluing. These strips form the slab.
The glued joints that hold the strips together extend between the main surfaces of the slab and as such clearly demarcate the adjoining wooden strips. In addition, knots that may be found in the planks that form the starting material will always be glued firmly to the adjoining plank, which means that the starting material does not have to be wholly free from knots. Since the knots are found pointing radially outwards on a tree trunk, i.e. a perpendicular direction to the elongated annual rings, they will always be glued to an adjoining plank. The risk that a knot will fall off at a later stage is thus eliminated. The segments of elongated annual rings that form the strips are essentially plane and essentially parallel with one another and with a plane perpendicular to the slab. Furthermore, in the present invention, this perpendicular plane is parallel with the glued joints.

Claims

Claims
1. Procedure for the production of solid slabs of wood that have a change of shape due to the effect of moisture in essentially only one specified direction in the plane of the slab due to the annual rings being oriented standing and essentially parallel with the said specified direction characterised in that planks (4) sawed out from the outer sections (3) of at least one trunk (1) are arranged on top of one another with their respective elongated annual rings (5) essentially parallel with one another to form a height (h) of block that is equivalent to or exceeds the width or length of the desired slab, that the planks are joined together by being glued to one another to form a block, and that the slabs are separated from the block along a cross-sectional cut (6) that includes the longitudinal direction of the planks and that cuts the glued joints (7) of the planks.
2. Procedure according to claim lcharacterised in that the slab is cut out from the block and that the main surface of the sawn-out slab is smoothed, preferably with a band sanding machine.
3. Procedure according to claim 2characterised in that the slab is figure sawn prior to smoothing.
4. Procedure according to claim lcharacterised in that the slab is separated by means of a cutting device and that the planks are arranged in an alternating front-to-front, back-to-back manner.
5. Procedure according to any of the previous claims characterised in that the slab is separated from the block with a thickness under 20 mm, preferably in the thickness range 3-15 mm.
6. Block for separating into slabs of wood according to the procedure in claim 1 characterised in that the block consists of planks (4) sawed out from the outer sections (3) of a trunk (1) and arranged on top of one another by means of gluing, that the planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings essentially parallel with the glued joints (7), and that adjacent planks are arranged with their slightly rotated elongated annual rings back- to-back and/or front-to-front.
7. Solid slab of wood produced according to the procedure in claim 1 characterised in that the slab has a number of strips joined together to form the slab by means of gluing, that the glued joints extend between the main surfaces of the slab and as such clearly demarcate the adjoining wooden strips, that the segments of elongated annual rings are essentially plane as well as essentially parallel with one another and with a plane perpendicular to the slab.
PCT/SE1998/001848 1997-10-14 1998-10-14 Method for production of solid wooden sheets WO1999019126A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL98339907A PL339907A1 (en) 1997-10-14 1998-10-14 Method of making solid wooden mouldings
AU95631/98A AU9563198A (en) 1997-10-14 1998-10-14 Method for production of solid wooden sheets
EP98949277A EP1023147A1 (en) 1997-10-14 1998-10-14 Method for production of solid wooden sheets

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9703741A SE9703741D0 (en) 1997-10-14 1997-10-14 Wooden board
SE9703741-0 1997-10-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999019126A1 true WO1999019126A1 (en) 1999-04-22

Family

ID=20408607

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1998/001848 WO1999019126A1 (en) 1997-10-14 1998-10-14 Method for production of solid wooden sheets

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1023147A1 (en)
AU (1) AU9563198A (en)
PL (1) PL339907A1 (en)
SE (1) SE9703741D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1999019126A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6928266B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2005-08-09 Intel Corporation Wireless apparatus interference avoidance/resolution method and apparatuses

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE107809C1 (en) *
GB434053A (en) * 1933-09-22 1935-08-26 Bedrich Slivecka Improvements in the production of built-up wood panels or boards

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE107809C1 (en) *
GB434053A (en) * 1933-09-22 1935-08-26 Bedrich Slivecka Improvements in the production of built-up wood panels or boards

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6928266B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2005-08-09 Intel Corporation Wireless apparatus interference avoidance/resolution method and apparatuses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1023147A1 (en) 2000-08-02
SE9703741D0 (en) 1997-10-14
AU9563198A (en) 1999-05-03
PL339907A1 (en) 2001-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5881786A (en) Method of producing wood strips for conversion into composite lumber products
AU717610B2 (en) Engineered structural wood product and method for its manufacture
US3961654A (en) Log cutting and rejoining process
US5352317A (en) Method of preparing a multilayered solid wood panel
US10589441B2 (en) Method of producing a laminated wood product, and laminated wood products
US20030010434A1 (en) Process of making a lamellated wood product
US4691751A (en) Method for sawing a tree trunk and for treating a uniformly thick slice of wood sawed off the trunk
FI103486B (en) Sawing procedure for a log
WO2002085587A1 (en) Process for making edge glued panels and laminated beams from waney edge lumber
FI68997B (en) FOERFARANDE FOER UPPSAOGNING AV EN STOCK ELLER ETT BLOCK I VIRKESSTYCKEN
EP1080857A2 (en) Laminated timber element and a sawing method for timber
WO1999019126A1 (en) Method for production of solid wooden sheets
US5486393A (en) Method of manufacturing sheet elements of end-wood type and element manufactured thereby
US6374881B1 (en) Method for cutting up logs
RU2045387C1 (en) Method of cutting out logs of foliate trees
FI99096C (en) Procedure for milling logs
CZ97997A3 (en) Wooden beam and process for producing thereof
Sandberg Radially sawn timber: the PrimWood Method for improved properies
EP1125701A1 (en) Laminated timber element and a method for manufacturing the element
RU2359816C2 (en) Method of cutting round timber, attacked by heartwood rot
EP1532326B1 (en) A panel having a wooden body made by board-shaped building elements
RU2171175C1 (en) Method for production of sawn timber from full-length logs affected by pith rot
RU2175285C1 (en) Method cutting out round timber with core rot
JPH0531704A (en) Method for manufacture of material for wooden finishing material
Sandberg Radially sawn timber: a new manufacturing system for the wood industry

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998949277

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998949277

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1998949277

Country of ref document: EP