WO1999009996A1 - Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof - Google Patents
Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999009996A1 WO1999009996A1 PCT/US1998/017683 US9817683W WO9909996A1 WO 1999009996 A1 WO1999009996 A1 WO 1999009996A1 US 9817683 W US9817683 W US 9817683W WO 9909996 A1 WO9909996 A1 WO 9909996A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- camptothecin
- compound
- amino
- trimethylsilyl
- Prior art date
Links
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 carbamoyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000006592 (C2-C3) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000005708 carbonyloxy group Chemical group [*:2]OC([*:1])=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000717 hydrazino group Chemical group [H]N([*])N([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229940127093 camptothecin Drugs 0.000 claims description 55
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-camptothecin Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camptothecin Natural products CCC1(O)C(=O)OCC2=C1C=C3C4Nc5ccccc5C=C4CN3C2=O KLWPJMFMVPTNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006593 (C2-C3) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006222 dimethylaminomethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006533 methyl amino methyl group Chemical group [H]N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006559 (C1-C3) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical group [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 40
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 28
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 28
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 17
- YEMFHJFNJPXYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodo-1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NC=CC=C1I YEMFHJFNJPXYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108090000323 DNA Topoisomerases Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000003915 DNA Topoisomerases Human genes 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N metamizole Chemical compound O=C1C(N(CS(O)(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 4
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWAKINQTPRXSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-6-isocyanophenyl)-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1[N+]#[C-] GWAKINQTPRXSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IREMQIOSTDEUMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-2-trimethylsilylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1C=O IREMQIOSTDEUMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RXGJTUSBYWCRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=C2[N+](C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 RXGJTUSBYWCRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000006552 Lewis Lung Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- ISUVTQPDPBJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1F ISUVTQPDPBJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXWXREMWXXEOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-6-isocyanatophenyl)-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1N=C=O PXWXREMWXXEOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWNVSJBQIIWWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-isocyanophenyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]#[C-])C=C1 BWNVSJBQIIWWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRYEHQHXYLMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl) 4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC(=O)N1CCC(N2CCCCC2)CC1 MYRYEHQHXYLMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NXLNNXIXOYSCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl) carbonochloridate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(OC(Cl)=O)C=C1 NXLNNXIXOYSCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDVBKXJMLILLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4'-bipiperidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1CCNCC1 QDVBKXJMLILLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LETNCFZQCNCACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1F LETNCFZQCNCACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007018 DNA scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium on carbon Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000006268 Sarcoma 180 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002784 cytotoxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ORIWMYRMOGIXGG-ZXVJYWQYSA-N lurtotecan dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.O=C([C@]1(O)CC)OCC(C(N2CC3=4)=O)=C1C=C2C3=NC1=CC=2OCCOC=2C=C1C=4CN1CCN(C)CC1 ORIWMYRMOGIXGG-ZXVJYWQYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 208000001608 teratocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYYHPFRGSSTZMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-fluoro-4-isocyanophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]#[C-])C=C1F PYYHPFRGSSTZMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYYPBQKOOBWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1F WBYYPBQKOOBWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)C.C[Sn](C)C CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- FBDOJYYTMIHHDH-OZBJMMHXSA-N (19S)-19-ethyl-19-hydroxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-2,4,6,8,10,14,20-heptaen-18-one Chemical compound CC[C@@]1(O)C(=O)OCC2=CN3Cc4cc5ccccc5nc4C3C=C12 FBDOJYYTMIHHDH-OZBJMMHXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSNBGFVFXQYLMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyanophenyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 HSNBGFVFXQYLMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1NC2 QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGRXGZMRVZWOJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-3-isocyanobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC([N+]#[C-])=C1F ZGRXGZMRVZWOJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJVYCHAANRWAPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl-(3-bromo-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)silane Chemical compound C1C2CC1([SiH2]C#CC(C)(Br)C)CCC2 CJVYCHAANRWAPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBLTNPMIGYQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.OCC(N)(CO)CO.OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O OSBLTNPMIGYQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HZSGANARGPIXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoprop-1-ynyl(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)C#CCBr HZSGANARGPIXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAPRPFRDVCCCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoprop-1-ynyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CCBr GAPRPFRDVCCCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSXPORFIUHLWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoprop-1-ynyl-tert-butyl-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)C#CCBr CSXPORFIUHLWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BASFFFHJDLRLDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoprop-1-ynyl-tert-butyl-diphenylsilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C#CCBr)(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BASFFFHJDLRLDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEDKWVCTWQYKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoprop-1-ynyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C#CCBr IEDKWVCTWQYKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUVHEBACQXILNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-2-trimethylsilylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1C(O)=O RUVHEBACQXILNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIKNVEVCWAAOMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 PIKNVEVCWAAOMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJTOVJVBHFEJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-7-dimethylsilylhept-6-ynenitrile Chemical compound C(#N)CCCC(C#C[SiH](C)C)Br ZJTOVJVBHFEJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEAKQIXYSHIHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine Chemical compound N=1CC(NC)=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CN1 LEAKQIXYSHIHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USVZHTBPMMSRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-9-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]purin-6-amine Chemical compound C=1C=2OCOC=2C=C(Br)C=1SC1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1CCC1=CC=CC=C1Cl USVZHTBPMMSRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100033350 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 0 CCC1C(C/C(/[C@@]2(CC)C(CC*C3)=*2)=C3\C(C)=O)c2nc(cccc3)c3c([Si](C)(C)C)c2C1 Chemical compound CCC1C(C/C(/[C@@]2(CC)C(CC*C3)=*2)=C3\C(C)=O)c2nc(cccc3)c3c([Si](C)(C)C)c2C1 0.000 description 1
- ZNJQOQIIMUAHFN-UMSFTDKQSA-N CC[C@@]12[O]=C1OCC1=C2C=C(c2nc(ccc(OC(N(CC3)CCC3N3CCCCC3)=O)c3)c3c([Si](C)(C)C)c2C2)N2C1=O Chemical compound CC[C@@]12[O]=C1OCC1=C2C=C(c2nc(ccc(OC(N(CC3)CCC3N3CCCCC3)=O)c3)c3c([Si](C)(C)C)c2C2)N2C1=O ZNJQOQIIMUAHFN-UMSFTDKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000759909 Camptotheca Species 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004638 Circular DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HMACVVLBFDMSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClCCCC(C#C[SiH](C)C)Br Chemical compound ClCCCC(C#C[SiH](C)C)Br HMACVVLBFDMSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000746263 Conus leopardus Conotoxin Lp5.1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006969 Curtius rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010067770 Endopeptidase K Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010047230 Member 1 Subfamily B ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003827 NRaRb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008051 TBE buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007537 Type II DNA Topoisomerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046308 Type II DNA Topoisomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001347 alkyl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000719 anti-leukaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromophenol blue Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010523 cascade reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NEXSMEBSBIABKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Si](C)(C)C NEXSMEBSBIABKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012160 loading buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005265 lung cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012746 preparative thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012146 running buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical group C[Si](C)C(C)(C)C ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOJSDHZZKKYWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Si]([Si](C)(C)C)([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C BOJSDHZZKKYWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0814—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring is substituted at a C ring atom by Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/083—Syntheses without formation of a Si-C bond
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel compounds and methods of preparation thereof and, particularly, to silyl camptothecin derivatives or analogs and to methods of preparation of such silyl camptothecin analogs.
- camptothecin has a fused ring system generally comprising a pyrrolo[3, 4-b] qumolme system (rings ABC) fused to a 2-pyr ⁇ done ring (ring D) , which, in turn, is fused to a lactone ring (ring E) .
- Camptothecin belongs to the family of topoisomerase I poisons. See, for example, Froelich-Ammon, S. J. et al . , J. Biol . Chem . , 270, 21429 (1995). Research to date strongly suggests that this molecule acts by interfering with the unwinding of supercoiled DNA by the cellular enzyme topoisomerase I, an enzyme which is usually overexpressed in malignant cells. In the highly replicating cancer cells, this triggers a cascade of events leading to apoptosis and programmed death. See Slichenmyer, W. J. et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst . , 85, 271 (1993). Recent advances at the molecular pharmacology level are reviewed in Pommier, Y. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 92, 8861 (1995).
- Camptothecin ' s initial clinical trials were limited by its poor solubility in physiologically compatible media.
- early attempts to form a water-soluble sodium salt of camptothecin by opening the lactone ring with sodium hydroxide resulted in a compound having a poor antitumor activity. It was later reported that the closed lactone-form is an absolute requisite for antitumor activity. See Wani, M. C. et ai., J. Med. Chem., 23, 554 (1980). More recently, structure-activity studies have identified analogous compounds with better solubility and better antitumor activity.
- TPT topotecan
- IRT irinotecan
- GI-147211C GI-147211C is in late stage clinical trials.
- These analogs are effective against a variety of refractory solid tumors such as malignanr melanoma, stomach, breast, ovarian, lung and colorectal cancers, and seem particularly promising for the treatment of slow-dividing cancer lines. See, for example, Kingsbury, W. D. et al., J. Med. Chem., 34, 98 (1991); Sawada, S. et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 1446
- insoluble camptothecin analogs are usually more active than their water-soluble congeners and seem less likely to create drug-induced resistance, probably because they are not substrates of the p-glycoprotein multi-drug transporter. See Pantazis, P., Clin . Cane . Res . , 1, 1235 (1995).
- camptothecin analogs that combine good to excellent anti-tumor activities with different solubility and biodistribution profiles could play a crucial role in the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of various types of cancers.
- camptothecin Given the proven beneficial biological activity of camptothecin and analogs thereof, it is desirable to develop additional camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation of camptothecin analogs. Summary of the Invention
- the present invention provides generally a compound having the following formula (1) :
- R 1 and R 2 are independently the same or different and are preferably hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, a carbonyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, a halogen, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an azido group, a formyl group, a hydrazino group, an acyl group, an amino group, -SR C , wherein, R c is hydrogen, an acyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, or R 1 and R 2 together form a group of the formula -0(CH 2 ) n O- wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2.
- R 3 is preferably H, a halogen, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or a cyano group.
- R 2 and R 3 can also together form a group of the formula -0(CH 2 ) n O- wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2.
- R 4 is preferably H, F, a C1-3 alkyl group, a C2-3 alkenyl group, a C2-3 alkynyl group, or a C1-3 alkoxyl group.
- R 5 is preferably a Ci-10 alkyl group.
- a preferred alkyl group is an ethyl group.
- Preferred substituted alkyl groups for R 5 include an allyl group, a propargyl and a benzyl group.
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 preferably are independently (the same or different) a C ⁇ -io alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a c 2-10 alkynyl group, or an aryl group.
- a preferred substituted alkyl group for R 6 , R 7 and R s is a -(CH 2 ) N R 9 group, wherein N is an integer within the range of 1 through 10 and R 9 is a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or a nitro group.
- Preferred amino groups for R 9 include alkylamino groups and a dialkylamino groups.
- alkyl refer generally to both unsubstituted and substituted groups unless specified to the contrary. Unless otherwise specified, alkyl groups are preferably C ] _-C]_5 (that is, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms) alkyl groups, and more preferably C_-C]_o alkyl groups, and can be branched or unbranched, acyclic or cyclic. The above definition of an alkyl group and other definitions apply also when the group is a substituent on another group (for example, an alkyl group as a substituent of an alkylamino group or a dialkylamino group) .
- aryl refers to phenyl or napthyl .
- alkoxyl refers to -OR d , wherein R d is an alkyl group.
- aryloxy refers to -OR e , wherein R e is an aryl group.
- acyl refers to -OCR f .
- alkynyl refers to an unsaturated radical preferably with 2-15 carbon atoms, more preferably with 3-10 carbon atoms (-C ⁇ CR h ) .
- alkyl groups can be substituted with a wide variety of substituents to synthesize camptothecin analogs retaining activity.
- alkyl groups may preferably be substituted with a group or groups including, but not limited to, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, an alkoxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group (including, for example, free amino groups, alkylamino, dialkylamino groups and arylamino groups) , an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group and an acyloxy group.
- R a and R b are preferably independently hydrogen, an acyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group.
- Acyl groups may preferably be substituted with (that is R f is) an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group (for example, a perfluoroalkyl group) , an alkoxyl group, an amino group and a hydroxyl group.
- Alkynyl groups and alkenyl groups may preferably be substituted with (that is, R g and R h are preferably) a group or groups including, but not limited to, an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an amino alkyl group and a benzyl group.
- carbonyloxy refers to the group -OCOR d .
- Amino and hydroxyl groups may include protective groups as known in the art.
- Preferred protective groups for amino groups include tert-butyloxycarbonyl, formyl, acetyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyi, trityl.
- Other suitable protecting groups as known to those skilled in the art are disclosed in Greene, T., Wuts, P.G.M., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley (1991), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R ⁇ , R 7 and R 8 are preferably not excessively bulky to maintain activity of the resultant camptothecin analog.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 independently have a molecular weight less than approximately 250. More preferably R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 independently have a molecular weight less than approximately 200.
- camptothecin analogs of the present invention can be prepared for pharmaceutical use as salts with inorganic acids such as, but not limited to, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate.
- the camptothecin analogs can also be prepared as salts with organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetate, tartrate, fumarate, succinate, citrate, methanesulfonate, p- toluenesulfonate, and stearate.
- Other acids can be used as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts .
- the E-ring (the lactone ring) may be opened with alkali metal such as, but not limited to, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, to form opened E-ring analogs of compounds of formula (1) .
- alkali metal such as, but not limited to, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide
- the intermediates thus obtained are more soluble in water and may be purified to produce, after treatment with an acid, a purified form of the camptothecin analogs of the present invention.
- the E-ring may also be modified to produce analogs of compounds of formula (1) with different solubility profiles in water or other solvents. Methods to achieve this goal include, but are not limited to, opening the E-ring with an water-soluble amino group or functionalyzing the hydroxyl group at position 20 of the E-ring with a water-soluble group such as a polyethylene glycol group.
- analogs thus prepared act as pro-drugs.
- these analogs regenerate the compounds of formula (1) (with the closed E- ring structure) when administered to a living organism. See, Greenwald, R.B. et al . , J. Med. Chem . , 39, 1938 (1996).
- the present invention also provides a method of treating a patient, which comprises administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the compound may, for example, be administered to a patient afflicted with cancer and/or leukemia by any conventional route of administration, including, but not limited to, intravenously, intramuscularly, orally, subcutaneously, intratumorally, intradermally, and parenterally .
- the pharmaceutically effective amount or dosage is preferably between 0.01 to 60 mg of the compound of formula (1) per kg of body weight. More preferably, the pharmaceutically effective amount or dosage is preferably between 0.1 to 40 mg of the compound of formula (1) per kg of body weight.
- a pharmaceutically effective amount or dosage contains an amount of a compound of formula (1) effective to diaplay antileukemic and/or antitumor (anticancer) behavior.
- Pharmaceutical compositions containing as an active ingredient a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent are also within the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the compounds of formula (1) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the composition may contain between .1 mg and 500 mg of the compound of formula (1), and may be constituted into any form suitable for the mode of administration.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of a general synthetic scheme for the preparation of compounds cf formula 1.
- Figure 2 is an illustration of a synthesis of
- Figure 3 is an illustration of a synthesis of (20S) -10-acetoxy-7-tr ⁇ methyls ⁇ lylcamptothecm and (20S)-10- hydroxy-7-t ⁇ methyls ⁇ lylcamptothecm.
- Figure 4 is an illustration of a synthesis of
- Figure 5 is an illustration of a synthesis of (20S) -lO-am ⁇ no-ll-fluoro-7-tr ⁇ methyls ⁇ lylcamptothecm.
- FIG. 6 is an illustration of a synthesis of a novel analog of lrmotecan. Detailed Description of the Invention
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably and independently (the same or different) H, a hydroxyl group, a halo group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a C ⁇ -3 alkyl group, a
- C ⁇ -3 perhaloalkyl group a C ⁇ -3 alkenyl group, a C ⁇ -3 alkynyl group, a C ⁇ -3 alkoxyl group, a C ⁇ -3 aminoalkyl group, a C ⁇ -3 alkylamino group, a C ⁇ -3 dialkylamino group, or R 1 and R 2 together form a group of the formula -0(CH 2 ) n O- wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently (the same or different) H, a methyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, an ethylamino group, a diethylamino group, an aminomethyl group, a methylaminomethyl group, a dimethylaminomethyl group, and the like.
- R 3 is preferably F, an amino group, or a hydroxyl group.
- R 4 is preferably H or F.
- R 5 is preferably an ethyl group.
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are preferably independently (the same or different) a C ⁇ -6 alkyl group, a phenyl group or a -(CH 2 ) N R 10 group, wherein N is an integer within the range of 1 through 6 and R 10 is a halogen or a cyano group.
- the compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the general synthetic scheme shown in Figure 1.
- an iodopyridone 2 is first ⁇ 7-alkylated with a propargyl derivative 3 to produce radical precursor 4.
- Radical precursor 4 then undergoes a radical cascade with arylisonitrile 5 to generate product 1.
- the ⁇ 7-alkylation proceeds smoothly following optimized conditions. See Curran, D.P. et al . , Tetrahedron Lett . , 36, 8917 (1995), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the synthesis of iodopyridone 2 and the conditions of the radical cascade have been previously reported.
- the propargylatmg agent 3 is readily prepared by the standard silylation of the dianion of propargyl alcohol with a suitable sylating agent R 6 R 7 R 8 SiX followed by conversion of the propargyl alcohol to a leaving group such as a bromide, iodide or sulfonate. See Curran, D.P. et al . , Angew. Chem . In t . Ed . Engl . , 34, 2683 (1995), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08,436,799, filed May 8, 1995, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- various reagents can be used in the radical cascade including, but not limited to, hexamethyltin, hexamethyldisilane, or tetrakis (trimethylsilyl) silane.
- the source of energy for this reaction can be a sun lamp or an ultraviolet lamp.
- the temperature is preferably set between approximately 25 and 150 °C. More preferably, the temperature is set at approximately 70°C.
- solvents include benzene, toluene, acetonitrile, THF and tert-butanol . Also, there is very broad latitude in the choice of substituents on the alkyne and the isonitrile because of the mildness of the reaction conditions.
- Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a general synthetic scheme for the synthesis of (20S) -11-fluoro-7- trimethylsilylcamptothecin 12.
- a problem in this synthetic scheme is to control the regioselectivity of the radical cascade when both ortho positions in the arylisonitrile are available for cyclization (that is, R 4 is H in the final compound of formula 1) .
- One solution to this problem relies upon the introduction of a trimethylsilyl group on the aryl isonitrile, (e.g. 3-fluoro-2-trimethylsilylphenyl isonitrile 9) .
- the trimethylsilyl substituent blocks one of the ortho sites of the isonitrile toward cyclization and can be removed after the cascade reaction by hydrodesilylation.
- the selectivity proceeds further in the sense that only one of the trimethylsilyl groups is removed in the last step.
- the present invention provides a short and efficient synthetic scheme well suited to known structure- activity relationships in the camptothecin family. Indeed, the biological activity of the camptothecin skeleton is generally intolerant or has very little tolerance to substituents other than at the 7 and/or 9-11 positions. Following synthesis, these substituents are introduced via the alkynylderivative 3 and arylisonitrile 5, respectively.
- Antitumor Activities of several compounds of formula 1 are shown in Table 1 and compared to those of several well known camptothecin analogs.
- the syntheses of the various exemplary compounds of the present invention set forth in Table 1 are discussed in further detail in an Example section following this section.
- OPP l ⁇ notecan's pyrrolidinyl pyrro dine carbamate
- TMS trimethylsilyl
- TBDMS t- butyldimethylsilyl
- TBDPS t-butyldiphenyl silyl
- TES triethylsilyl
- TIPS t ⁇ isopropylsilyl
- DMNPS dimethylynorpinylsilyl
- DMCPS d ⁇ methyl-3-cyanopropyls ⁇ lyl
- DMHPS d ⁇ methyl-3-halopropyls ⁇ lyl
- More active than CPT in S-180 in BD F] mice testing c) More active than CPT m Lewis lung Carcinoma
- the compounds of the present invention exhibit good to excellent antitumor activity as compared to camptothecin (CPT) and irinotecan (IRT) .
- camptothecin derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the growth of HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemic) , 833K (human teratocarcinoma) and DC- 3F (hamster lung) cells in vi tro .
- the cells were cultured in an initial density of 5 x 10 "4 cell/ml. They were maintained in a 5% C0 2 humidified atmosphere at 37°C in RPMI-1640 media
- the cytotoxicity of the camptothecin compounds toward 833K teratocarcinoma solid tumor cells and DC-3F hamster lung cells was determined in 96-well microplates oy a method described by Skehan et al. for measuring cellular protein content. Skehan et al . , "New Colorometric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer Drug Screening," J. Na t ' l Cancer Inst . , 82, 1107 (1990), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Cultures were fixed with tr chloroacetic acid and then stained for 30 minutes with 0.4% sulforhodam e B dissolved in 1% acetic acid.
- the reaction mixture comprised T ⁇ s-HCl buffer 10 mM, pH7.5; PBR 322 supercoiled double stranded circular DNA (4363 base pairs, from Bochnnger Mannheim Biochemicals) 0.125 ⁇ g/ml, drug (camptothecin or its derivatives) concentration at 1, 10 and 100 ⁇ M, in the presence of purified DNA topoisomerase I with final volume of 20 ⁇ l as described previously.
- tumor cells ( .. x 10 6 ) were inoculated subcutaneously on day 0 and treatment started on day 1, mtraperitoneously twice daily for five days.
- the grading of effects was as described above.
- camptothecin derivatives tested for the antitumor cytotoxicity m vi tro exhibited higher potency than camptothecin in one to three cell lines. Most of those compounds exhibiting higher antitumor cytotoxicity also exhibited higher potency in enhancing the DNA-topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of PBR 322 DNA, or inhibiting the DNA-topoisomerase I-mediated relaxation of PBR 322 DNA. These results suggest excellent correlation between the antitumor cytoxicity of the camptothecin compounds with their ability to inhibit the functions of DNA-topoisomerase I.
- the present inventors have thus discovered that introduction of a silyl group (for example, a trimethylsilyl group) at position 7 of the camptothecin structure typically results in a compound with better anti-tumor activity than camptothecin (see, for example, the compound of Example 1 as compared to (20S)-CPT).
- the silyl group is also beneficial in the irinotecan series (see, for example, the compound of Example 6 as compared to irinotecan) .
- the anti-tumor activity remains essentially unchanged when a hydroxy group is introduced at position 10 of the compound of Example 1 to produce the compound of Example 5.
- the compound of Example 6 is a relative of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Some of the highest activities were observed in the present studies when a trimethylsilyl group was introduced in conjunction with a fluoro atom at position 11 (see, for example, the compound of Example 7), or a primary amine group at positions 10 or 11 (see, respectively, Examples 8 and 9) . Introduction of a fluoro atom in position 12 also results in an analog only approximately 2 times less potent than camptothecin (see, Example 11 as compared to (20S)-CPT). This result is surprising considering the poor activity of the 12-substituted camptothecins reported previously in the literature.
- a mammal (human or animal) may thus be treated by a method which comprises the administration to the mammal of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the condition of the mammal can thereby be improved.
- the compounds of the present invention can be administered in a variety of dosage forms including, for example: parenterally (for example, intravenously, intradermally, intramuscularly or subcutaneously) ; orally
- Optimal dosages to be administered may be determined by those skilled in the art and will vary with the particular compound of formula (1) to be used, the strength of the preparation, the mode of administration, the time and frequency of administration, and the advancement of the patient's condition. Additional factors depending on the particular patient will result in the need to adjust dosages. Such factors include patient age, weight, gender and diet. Dosages may be administered at once or divided into a number of smaller doses administered at varying intervals of time.
- Example 1 The following examples are provided for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
- Example 1 The following examples are provided for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
- Example 1 Example 1 .
- Example l- (2 ) Following the procedure described in Example l- (2 ) , the compound prepared in Example 1- ( 1 ) ( 44 . 5 mg, 0 . 10 mmol ) , the compound prepared in (4) (93.9 mg,0.3 mmol), and hexamethylditin (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry benzene (1.5 mL) were irradiated for 9 hours at 70 ° with a 275W GE sunlamp. The reaction was evaporated, dissolved in MeOH with a few drops of DMSO to aid solubility and injected into a Waters reverse phase HPLC. The conditions used to effect separation were as follows.
- a Waters 600E system controller with a Waters 490E Programmable multiwavelength detector, a Sargent Welch plotter and Waters C-18 25x10 cartridge columns were employed.
- a gradient elution, [ 5:95 MeCN/H2 ⁇ (0.1% TFA) to 30:70 MeCN/H2 ⁇ (0.1% TFA)] over 40 minutes time at 20 mL/min gave a semipurified grey solid after lyophilization .
- N, N, ⁇ /'-trimethylethylenediamine (2.70 mL, 20 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was slowly added 1.6 N n- BuLi in hexanes (13 mL, 21 mmol) at -20 °C, followed by 3- fluorobenzaldehyde (2.10 mL, 20 mmol) 15 min latter. After 15 minute at this temperature, 1.6 N n-BuLi in hexanes (38 mL, 60 mmol) was injected and the solution was stirred 1 h 30 at -35 °C. Chlorotrimethylsilane (15 mL, 120 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.
- Triethylamine (4.10 mL, 29.3 mmol) was added slowly at 0 °C to a 2 N solution of trichlorosilane in CH2CI2
- Example l-(2) Following the procedure described in Example l-(2), the compound prepared in Example 1-(1) (43.5 mg, 0.098 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example (4) (76 mg, 0.39 mmol) provided, after flash-chromatography (CHCl3/acetone 20:1),
- the isonitrile was prepared in 2 steps via classical Boc-protection followed by dehydration. See E horn, J. et al . , Synlett , 37 (1991). A mixture of 4- am oformamlide (1.71 g, 12.6 mmol), di- ert-butyl dicarbonate (2.87 g, 13.2 mmol) and NaHC ⁇ 3 (1.11 g, 13.2 mmol) in absolute EtOH (50 L) was sonicated in a cleaning bath for 4 h. The final solution was filtered through a pad of Celite and concentrated to dryness. The residue was taken up in half brine (50 mL) , extracted with AcOEt (6 x 30 mL) and dried (Na2 ⁇ 4).
- the isonitrile was prepared in 2 steps following the same procedures as ⁇ escribed in Example 9-(l) .
- the Boc-protection of 3-am ⁇ noformanilide (1.80 g, 13.2 mmol) provided, after flash-chromatography (CHCl3/MeOH 95:5), 2.65 g (85%) of 3-tert- butyloxycarbonylammoformamlide, as a white solid.
- Example 1-(1) 44.5 mg, 0.10 mmol
- Example (1) 65.5 mg, 0.3 mmol
- flash-chromatographies CHCl3/MeOH 95:5; CHCl3/acetone 5:1
- the final solution was diluted with CH2CI2 (75 mL) , washed with ice- cooled 5% citric acid (4 x 50 mL) and dried (Na2 ⁇ 4) . After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was subjected to flash-chromatography (Hexanes/AcOEt 9:5) to provide, in order of elution, first 1.95 g (55%) of the mono-protected derivative, 4- tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-3-fluoro-1- nitrobenzene, secondly 1.13 g (23%) of the bis-protected derivative, 4-di- ert-butyloxycarbonylamino-3-fluoro-1- nitrobenzene.
- Example (4) The compound prepared in Example (4) (41.3 mg, 0.0746 mmol) was deprotected following the conditions described in Example 9- (3). After workup, the crude was subjected to a flash-chromatography (CHCl3/acetone/MeOH
- Example l-(2) Following the procedure described in Example l-(2), the compound prepared in Example 1-(1) (44.5 mg, 0.10 mmol) and 2, 3-difluorophenyl isonitrile [prepared in 20% yield following the procedure of Weber, W. P. et ai., Tetrahedron Lett .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2302226A CA2302226C (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
DE69840388T DE69840388D1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | CAMPTOTHECIN ANALOGS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
AU92056/98A AU760543B2 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
EP98944535A EP1017399B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
JP2000507386A JP4903936B2 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | Camptothecin analogs and methods for their preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/921,102 | 1997-08-29 | ||
US08/921,102 US6150343A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1997-08-29 | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999009996A1 true WO1999009996A1 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
Family
ID=25444921
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/017683 WO1999009996A1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US6150343A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1017399B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4903936B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE418338T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU760543B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2302226C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69840388D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2320183T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999009996A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002541201A (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-12-03 | ユニヴァーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ | Camptothecin analogs and methods for their preparation |
US7271159B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2007-09-18 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
WO2007113687A2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Diatos S.A. | Camptothecin-cell penetrating peptide conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same |
US7749987B2 (en) | 1996-10-08 | 2010-07-06 | Laboratorie Theramek | Contraception method |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6136978A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 2000-10-24 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US6743917B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2004-06-01 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
WO2002062340A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Highly lipophilic camptothecin prodrugs, methods of preparation, and formulations thereof |
US6372906B1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-16 | University Of Pittsburgh | Synthesis of silyl camptothecins and silyl homocamptothecins |
US6723853B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2004-04-20 | University Of Pittsburgh | Intermediates and methods of preparation of intermediates in the enantiomeric synthesis of (20R)homocamptothecins and the enantiomeric synthesis of (20R)homocamptothecins |
WO2003099825A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-04 | University Of Pittsburgh | Synthesis of polycyclic quinolines |
MXPA06006711A (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2006-08-31 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals Inc | Process for making camptothecin derivatives. |
US7346153B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-03-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamically alerting callers of changes to menu structures in a telephone prompting system |
PE20080145A1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-02-11 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | TETRAHYDRO-PYRIMIDOAZEPINE AS MODULATORS OF TRPV1 |
HUE031374T2 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2017-07-28 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals Inc | C10-substituted camptothecin analogs |
JP5467046B2 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2014-04-09 | バイオニューメリック・ファーマスーティカルズ・インコーポレイテッド | C7-substituted camptothecin analogs |
US8288397B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2012-10-16 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Imidazolo-, oxazolo-, and thiazolopyrimidine modulators of TRPV1 |
JP6649368B2 (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2020-02-19 | ビバシタス オンコロジー インコーポレイテッドVivacitas Oncology Inc. | Methods and systems for camptothecin analog synthesis |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998007727A1 (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Highly lipophilic camptothecin derivatives |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5405963A (en) * | 1993-06-10 | 1995-04-11 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Process for asymmetric total synthesis of camptothecin analogues |
US6743917B2 (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 2004-06-01 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US6211371B1 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2001-04-03 | University Of Pittsburgh | Intermediates in the synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds and synthesis thereof |
US6150343A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 2000-11-21 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US6136978A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 2000-10-24 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US6252079B1 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2001-06-26 | University Of Pittsburgh | Intermediates in the synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds and synthesis thereof |
US5744605A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1998-04-28 | University Of Pittsburgh | Intermediates in the synthesis of (+) camptothecin and related compounds and synthesis thereof |
US6169080B1 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2001-01-02 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Highly lipophilic camptothecin derivatives |
ATE329903T1 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2006-07-15 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals Inc | HIGHLY LIPOPHILIC CAMPTOTHECIN DERIVATIVES |
US6948279B1 (en) | 1997-04-22 | 2005-09-27 | Caldwell Manufacturing Company | Support system for laterally removable sash |
US6057303A (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2000-05-02 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Highly lipophilic Camptothecin derivatives |
US6403604B1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-06-11 | California Pacific Medical Center | Nitrogen-based camptothecin derivatives |
US7687497B2 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2010-03-30 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | C10-substituted camptothecin analogs |
-
1997
- 1997-08-29 US US08/921,102 patent/US6150343A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-08-26 AU AU92056/98A patent/AU760543B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-08-26 JP JP2000507386A patent/JP4903936B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-26 CA CA2302226A patent/CA2302226C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-26 ES ES98944535T patent/ES2320183T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-26 DE DE69840388T patent/DE69840388D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-26 AT AT98944535T patent/ATE418338T1/en active
- 1998-08-26 EP EP98944535A patent/EP1017399B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-26 WO PCT/US1998/017683 patent/WO1999009996A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2000
- 2000-08-07 US US09/633,561 patent/US6455699B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-09-20 US US10/251,153 patent/US20030105324A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-07-29 US US10/629,432 patent/US7271159B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-07-09 US US11/825,729 patent/US7514418B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-31 US US11/981,059 patent/US7655640B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998007727A1 (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Bionumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Highly lipophilic camptothecin derivatives |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7271159B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2007-09-18 | University Of Pittsburgh | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US7514418B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2009-04-07 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US7655640B2 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 2010-02-02 | University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
US7749987B2 (en) | 1996-10-08 | 2010-07-06 | Laboratorie Theramek | Contraception method |
JP2002541201A (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-12-03 | ユニヴァーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ | Camptothecin analogs and methods for their preparation |
JP4866505B2 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2012-02-01 | ユニヴァーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ オブ ザ コモンウェルス システム オブ ハイアー エデュケイション | Camptothecin analogues and methods for their preparation |
WO2007113687A2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Diatos S.A. | Camptothecin-cell penetrating peptide conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same |
US8410045B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2013-04-02 | Drais Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Camptothecin-peptide conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080269169A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
JP2001513567A (en) | 2001-09-04 |
EP1017399A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
US6150343A (en) | 2000-11-21 |
CA2302226A1 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
US7514418B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
EP1017399A4 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
CA2302226C (en) | 2010-08-24 |
US20070259905A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
JP4903936B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
US7655640B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 |
US7271159B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 |
DE69840388D1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
US20030105324A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
ES2320183T3 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
US20040029835A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
AU9205698A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
US6455699B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
EP1017399B1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
ATE418338T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
AU760543B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7514418B2 (en) | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof | |
AU781302B2 (en) | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof | |
US6136978A (en) | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof | |
US6743917B2 (en) | Camptothecin analogs and methods of preparation thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 92056/98 Country of ref document: AU |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2302226 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2302226 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2000 507386 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998944535 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998944535 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 92056/98 Country of ref document: AU |