WO1998049748A1 - Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation - Google Patents
Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998049748A1 WO1998049748A1 PCT/US1998/008040 US9808040W WO9849748A1 WO 1998049748 A1 WO1998049748 A1 WO 1998049748A1 US 9808040 W US9808040 W US 9808040W WO 9849748 A1 WO9849748 A1 WO 9849748A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- patch element
- feed
- patch
- coaxial feed
- null point
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
Definitions
- the invention relates to a stacked antenna having stacked patch elements with inherent isolation between operating frequency bands .
- a known antenna described in U.S. 5,184,143 has a flat rectangular conducting patch element parallel spaced with a conducting ground plane.
- the patch element acts as a parallel plate antenna by providing in-phase linearly polarized radiation.
- the patch element is fed, for example, by a coaxial feed.
- a coaxial feed comprises, a conducting central conductor encircled concentrically, first, by a dielectric, and then, by an outer conductor serving as a conducting shield.
- the ground plane is connected to the shield.
- a known method of feeding the patch element required the center conductor of the coaxial feed to connect at a natural feed point on the patch.
- the natural feed point on a patch is located closer to one edge of the patch.
- a typical null point on the conducting patch is on a polar axis of symmetry of the patch.
- a stacked antenna comprises, stacked patch elements operating at separate frequency bands.
- Each patch element is constructed as a metal microstrip transmission line having a conducting patch on a surface of a dielectric sheet, and the dielectric sheet on a conducting ground plane.
- the patch elements are directly fed by a coaxial feed, with the ground plane connected to a portion of the coaxial feed that is referenced to ground.
- the stacked patch elements lack inherent isolation of their respective, operating bands of frequencies, due to the use of a common feed. Accordingly, the patch elements of a stacked patch antenna are poorly isolated, which requires added circuit components for tuning and frequency band separation. In the past, it was unknown to couple null points of stacked patch elements with a coaxial feed, since excitations fed at the null point tend to reform, before being radiated, rendering the patch element ineffective as a normal mode antenna .
- separately fed patch elements of a stacked patch antenna couple at their respective null points with a coaxial feed.
- Null point coupling with a coaxial feed provides the patch elements with isolation between operating bands of frequencies.
- each patch element that is directly fed, by a coaxial feed is coupled at its null point to the signal feed by a portion of the patch element. Said portion of the patch element connects the null point with a natural feed point on the patch element.
- each patch element that directly couples to the coaxial feed is inductively coupled at its null point to a ground shield of the coaxial feed.
- the ground shield of the coaxial feed presents an inductance to ground referenced at a ground plane of the antenna.
- a specific characteristic impedance coupling of the null point is provided for isolation between operating bands .
- Figure 1 is a bottom view of a stacked patch antenna
- Figure 2 is a side view of the antenna as shown in Fig. 1;
- Figure 3 is a top view of the antenna as shown in Fig. 1;
- Figure 4 is an enlarged side view in cross section of the antenna as shown in Fig. 2;
- Figure 5 is a bottom view of an upper patch element with an optional ground conductor;
- Figure 6 is an edge view of the patch element as shown in Fig. 5;
- Figure 7 is a top view of the patch element as shown in Fig. 5;
- Figure 8 is a bottom view of a lower patch element
- Figure 9 is an edge view of the patch element as shown in Fig. 8 with parts cut away;
- Figure 10 is a top view of the patch element as shown in Fig. 8;
- Figure 11 is a section view of a typical embodiment of a feed for the upper patch element
- Figure 12 is a section view of a feed for the lower patch element; and Figure 13 is an enlarged side view of a portion of the antenna as shown in Fig. 4, with selected parts cut away.
- a stacked patch antenna 1 comprises, at least one, first, upper patch element 2 and at least one, second, lower patch element 3 enclosed by a radome 4 and a conducting base 5 that nests within an open bottom of the radome 4.
- the base 5 comprises a coaxial connector 6 having an insulated central electrical contact 7 that provides a feed through connection that provides an access to a circuit board 8, shown edgewise in Figs. 4 and 13.
- the patch elements 2 and 3 comprise, separate antennas operating at separate frequency bands. Each patch element 2, 3 is directly fed, for example, by a separate feed 9 for the upper patch element 2, and, for example, by a separate feed 9 for the lower patch element 3.
- each feed 9 comprises a central conductor 10.
- the feed 9 for the upper patch element 2 is coaxial, wherein, the central conductor is concentrically encircled by an outer conductor 11, and a dielectric, not shown, concentrically between the central conductor 10 and the outer conductor 11.
- the feed 9 for the lower patch element 3 is shown as being coaxial in construction.
- the feed 9 for the lower patch element 3 requires at least a central conductor 10, and need not be of coaxial construction.
- the coaxial feed 9 is constructed from a coaxial cable. Each end of the cable is trimmed back, to provide an exposed, projecting central conductor 10.
- the connector 14 comprises, for example, a metal shell 15 connected to the sleeve socket 12, for example, by a solder joint 16, and concentrically encircling the sleeve socket 12 that encircles the end of the cable.
- Conducting legs 17 on the shell 15 secure in the thickness of the circuit board 8 that comprises a ground plane of the antenna 1.
- each feed 9 comprises a conducting basket 18 that resiliently grips the projecting central conductor 10 to establish an electrical connection.
- the basket 18 comprises, an electrical receptacle with spring fingers that grip the central conductor 10.
- the basket 18 is flanged to seat against a corresponding patch 2 or 3.
- the shorter feed 9, Fig. 12, connects to the lower patch 3.
- the longer feed 9, Fig. 11, passes through the lower patch element 3 and connects to the upper patch element 2.
- the longer feed 9 passes through a conducting flanged sleeve 19, Fig. 13, that seats against the lower patch element 3.
- the sleeve 19 is connected to the outer conductor 11 of the longer feed 9, for example, by a solder joint 20.
- Each patch element 2, 3 acts as a parallel plate microstrip transmission line.
- Each patch element 2, 3 comprises, a conducting patch pattern 21 plated on a top surface of an insulating substrate 22, and a conducting ground conductor 23 on a bottom surface of the substrate 22.
- the substrate 22 happens to extend beyond the outer edges of the patch pattern 21 and the ground conductor 23.
- the description herein applies to many shapes and configurations, although the embodiment as illustrated in the drawings comprises a solid rectangular patch element 2.
- the characteristic impedance of the patch element 2 is determined by segments 24 and the slot 33, Figs. 7 and 10, defining parallel field cell transmission lines provided at corresponding edges of the directly fed, corresponding patch element 2, 3.
- a revolving circularly polarized radiation pattern on the top patch element 2 is produced by projecting polarization tabs 25 on the corresponding patch pattern 21 on the top patch element 2.
- the radiation pattern is created by the feed, Fig. 10.
- the tabs 25 project in the same polar orientation about a polar axis of symmetry of the patch element 2.
- a polar axis of symmetry of the patch element 2 coincides with a center of the solid rectangular patch element 21.
- the thickness of the substrate 22 is proportional to small fraction of a wavelength corresponding to an optimum frequency for an operating band of frequencies.
- the lower patch element 3 has a thicker substrate 22 than that of the upper patch element 2 to correspond with separate operating bands of frequencies.
- the size of the patch pattern 21 on the lower patch element 3 differs from that on the upper patch element 2 to separate the operating frequency bands of the respective patch elements 2, 3.
- the upper patch element 2 will now be discussed with reference to Figs. 5, 6 and 7.
- the upper patch element 2 has a central passage 26 through its thickness to receive the coaxial feed 9 and the corresponding basket 18, Fig. 13.
- the basket 18 connects electrically with the patch pattern 21, for example, by a solder joint 27. According to the embodiment shown in Fig.
- the upper patch element 2 is provided with an optional ground conductor 23, which need not be present, because the lower patch element 3 is referenced to ground and serves to reference the upper patch pattern on the upper patch element 2 to ground.
- the lower patch element 3 has a patch pattern that is larger in area than the optional ground conductor 23, such that, the ground conductor 23, if present, connects with the patch pattern of larger area by a pressure connection, for example, that adequately references the top patch element 2 to ground.
- the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9 connects with the ground conductor 23, if present on the patch element 2, for example, by a pressure connection 28.
- the coaxial feed 9 is coupled by its center conductor 10 directly to a null point 29, Fig. 7, of the directly fed, upper patch element 2.
- the null point 29 is within the boundaries of the patch element 2.
- the null point 29 happens to coincide with the polar axis of symmetry, and with the center of the upper patch element 2, the patch element 2 being fed by a center, null point feed connection.
- the ground conductor 23, if present, is continuous, without a corresponding gap, to a center fed, null point feed connection 30 with the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9. Secondary excitations tend to reform, before being radiated at the normal mode, when the upper patch element 2 is fed at the null point 29.
- the null point feed connection electrically isolates the operating frequency band of the upper patch element 2 from electrical influences of secondary excitations transmitted by the coaxial feed 9.
- a portion 31 of the upper patch element 2 extends the null point 29 of the upper patch element 2 to a natural feed point 32 on the upper patch element 2.
- the natural feed point is within the boundaries of the upper patch element 2, and is moved in from a nearest edge of the upper patch element 2 to adjust for an impedance match.
- the portion 31 of the directly fed patch element 2 comprises, a narrow microstrip transmission line extending from, and including, both the null point 29 and the natural feed point 32.
- a gap 33 separates the microstrip transmission line from the remainder of the upper patch element 2.
- the ground conductor 23, if present, is continuous, without a corresponding gap, to the center fed, null point feed connection with the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9.
- the center of the lower patch element 3 serves as the ground for the upper patch element 2.
- the feed of the upper patch element 2 is extended to the natural feed point 32 to activate the upper patch element 2 as a normal mode radiating antenna operating with a separate band of operating frequencies.
- the coaxial feed 9 presents a specific characteristic impedance line that feeds the upper patch element while isolating the operating band of frequencies from electrical influences transmitted along the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9.
- the lower patch element 3 will now be described with reference to Figs. 8, 9 and 10.
- the lower patch element 3 has a central passage 34 through its thickness to receive the corresponding coaxial feed 9, Fig. 11, and the flanged sleeve 19, Fig. 13.
- the patch pattern 21, Fig. 10 is connected, for example, by a solder joint 35, Fig. 13, at its null point 29, to the flanged sleeve 19 that is connected to the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9.
- a recess 36 in the ground conductor 23, if present, of the upper patch element 2 provides a clearance space around the connection of the null point 29 of the lower patch pattern 21.
- the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9 connects with the ground conductor 23 on the lower patch element 3.
- the coaxial feed 9 is coupled directly to the lower patch element 3 at the null point 29.
- the null point 29 is within the boundaries of the lower patch element 3. In the embodiment, for example, the null point 29 happens to coincide with the polar axis of symmetry, and with the center of the lower patch element 3.
- the ground conductor 23 of the lower patch element 3 is continuous to the center, null point 29 where the ground conductor 23 connects with the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial feed 9 to establish a null point connection.
- the lower patch element 3 is referenced to ground by being coupled at its null point 29 to the coaxial feed 9 to which the lower patch element 21 and the ground conductor 23 of the lower patch element 3 are connected.
- Inherent isolation of the operating bands of frequencies is attained by coupling a null point 29 of a patch element 3 with a coaxial feed 9 that is referenced to ground and that presents a coaxial feed 9 of low impedance to the null point 29 of the lower patch element 3.
- Inherent isolation of the operating bands of frequencies is attained by coupling a patch element 3 at its null point 29 with a coaxial feed 9 that is referenced to ground and that directly feeds another patch element 2.
- the lower patch element 3 is separately fed, for example, by a separate coaxial feed 9, Figs. 12 and 13.
- the coaxial feed 9 for the lower patch element 3 extends to a natural feed point 37, Fig. 10, which is adjusted in position from a closest edge of the patch pattern 21 to adjust for impedance compensation.
- a passage 38 through the thickness of the lower patch element 3 receives the coaxial feed 9 and the corresponding basket 18.
- the patch pattern 21 is connected, for example, by a solder joint 39, Fig. 13, to the basket 18 that is, in turn connected to the central conductor 10 of the separate coaxial feed 9.
- the ground conductor 23 of the lower patch element 3 is connected, for example, by a solder joint 40, to the outer conductor 11 of the separate coaxial feed 9.
- a recess 41, Figs. 5 and 13, in the upper patch element 2 provides a clearance around the separate coaxial feed 9 for the lower patch element 3.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98918538A EP0979540A1 (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1998-04-22 | Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation |
AU71443/98A AU7144398A (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1998-04-22 | Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation |
JP54709598A JP2001525133A (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1998-04-22 | Stacked patch antenna with frequency band separation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/841,060 | 1997-04-29 | ||
US08/841,060 US5940037A (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998049748A1 true WO1998049748A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
Family
ID=25283920
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/008040 WO1998049748A1 (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1998-04-22 | Stacked patch antenna with frequency band isolation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5940037A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0979540A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001525133A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7144398A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998049748A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1341259A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-09-03 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Multi frequency stacked patch antenna with improved frequency band isolation |
Families Citing this family (18)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6252553B1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-06-26 | The Mitre Corporation | Multi-mode patch antenna system and method of forming and steering a spatial null |
WO2002063711A1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-15 | Harris Corporation | System and method of mounting protected microwave radios with a parabolic antenna |
US6466177B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-10-15 | Novatel, Inc. | Controlled radiation pattern array antenna using spiral slot array elements |
US6597316B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-07-22 | The Mitre Corporation | Spatial null steering microstrip antenna array |
JP2004088444A (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-18 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Antenna unit |
GB2427310B (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2007-08-01 | Trans Electric Co Ltd | Digital receiving antenna device for a digital television |
GB0621184D0 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2006-12-06 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method for treating a component of a gas turbine engine |
TWI374573B (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2012-10-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Uwb antenna and detection apparatus for transportation means |
EP2472670A4 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2014-06-18 | Nec Corp | Antenna device |
US9356353B1 (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2016-05-31 | The Boeing Company | Cog ring antenna for phased array applications |
US9767712B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2017-09-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Virtual reality pipe welding simulator and setup |
US10084242B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2018-09-25 | Scott John Cook | Long term evolution (LTE) outdoor antenna and module |
US9912050B2 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2018-03-06 | The Boeing Company | Ring antenna array element with mode suppression structure |
CN109715339A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-05-03 | 努布鲁有限公司 | The visible laser welding of Electronic Packaging, motor-driven electronic equipment, battery and other components |
US11980968B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2024-05-14 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Methods and systems for additive tool manufacturing |
JP6973663B2 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-12-01 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Antenna module and communication device |
CN112400255B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2023-06-27 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Antenna module and communication device equipped with the same |
US11777218B2 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-10-03 | Google Llc | Antenna design with structurally integrated composite antenna components |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4089003A (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1978-05-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Multifrequency microstrip antenna |
EP0362079A2 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-04 | Sony Corporation | Microstrip antenna |
US5153600A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1992-10-06 | Ball Corporation | Multiple-frequency stacked microstrip antenna |
US5400041A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1995-03-21 | Strickland; Peter C. | Radiating element incorporating impedance transformation capabilities |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5184143A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Low profile antenna |
US5155493A (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1992-10-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Tape type microstrip patch antenna |
CA2117223A1 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-12-26 | Peter Mailandt | Microstrip patch antenna array |
-
1997
- 1997-04-29 US US08/841,060 patent/US5940037A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-22 JP JP54709598A patent/JP2001525133A/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-22 EP EP98918538A patent/EP0979540A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-22 AU AU71443/98A patent/AU7144398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-22 WO PCT/US1998/008040 patent/WO1998049748A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4089003A (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1978-05-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Multifrequency microstrip antenna |
EP0362079A2 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-04 | Sony Corporation | Microstrip antenna |
US5153600A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1992-10-06 | Ball Corporation | Multiple-frequency stacked microstrip antenna |
US5400041A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1995-03-21 | Strickland; Peter C. | Radiating element incorporating impedance transformation capabilities |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1341259A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-09-03 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Multi frequency stacked patch antenna with improved frequency band isolation |
US6639558B2 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2003-10-28 | Tyco Electronics Corp. | Multi frequency stacked patch antenna with improved frequency band isolation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5940037A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
JP2001525133A (en) | 2001-12-04 |
EP0979540A1 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
AU7144398A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
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