WO1998036274A1 - Determination of properties of oil - Google Patents
Determination of properties of oil Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998036274A1 WO1998036274A1 PCT/GB1998/000450 GB9800450W WO9836274A1 WO 1998036274 A1 WO1998036274 A1 WO 1998036274A1 GB 9800450 W GB9800450 W GB 9800450W WO 9836274 A1 WO9836274 A1 WO 9836274A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- crude oil
- gas
- analysed
- separator
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2823—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
Definitions
- This invention concerns methods of determining properties of oil, especially crude oil.
- the present invention provides a method of controlling a process for separating from a crude oil at least one component of said crude oil, which flows into a pipeline and then through a separator, wherein a sample of the crude oil before entering the pipeline is analysed for at least one component on or at line to give an analytical result before the crude oil, from which the sample was taken, reaches the separator, and the operation of the separator is adjusted based on said result to control the separation of said component.
- the adjustment is to optimise the separation of said component from said crude oil, especially when the component comprises compounds which are gases under the conditions of the separation, in particular at least one hydrocarbon of 1-5 carbons.
- the sample of crude oil may be analysed just before its entry to the pipeline leading to the separator which pipeline may be 0. l - 1000Km, especially l-500Km or 100-400Km long before the separator or at a point intermediate in said line e.g. at an intermediate pumping station (but still preferably at least 0. IKm or IKm from said separator).
- the said pipeline is usually downstream of the well head and may be substantially horizontal (in relation to its length), and may contain crude oil under pressure e.g. with gas, usually with water, being transported to the separator from a collection point fed by separate well heads or from a single well head.
- the pipeline prior to the separator may be underground upstream of the well head, i.e. with a significant vertical component to its length; the separator may be at the well head.
- the time taken for the crude oil to pass from the point of analysis to the separator may be 0.2 hr to 10 days, especially 0.5-5 days or 1-10 hrs.
- the analysis may be chromatographic e.g. gas phase or high liquid phase chromatographic, in which a sample of the crude oil is injected periodically into a column on or at line.
- the analysis is spectroscopic e.g. UV, visible (200-800nm) infra red (e.g.
- the spectroscopic analysis is in a standard cell kept at a fixed temperature through which cell the appropriate radiation passes, the path length of the cell varying with the wavelength e.g. from 0.1 -lmm for IR, O. l- lOmm e.g. 0.1-0.5 or 0.5-10mm for
- the output of the analysis in the form of a percentage of an ingredient may be relayed by telephone or radio to the controller of the separator, where it can be considered in relation to the future operation of the separator, so that when the crude oil analysed reaches the separator, the operating conditions e.g. flow rate, temperature and/or pressure may be such as to optimise the separation e.g. optimise the removal of natural gas.
- the output of the analysis as a percentage of component or otherwise e.g. absorption (or derivatives thereof) may be transmitted electrically or by electromagnetic radiation to a computer (in relation to the separator) which can then be programmed for feed back control, e.g. knowing what the gas content of the oil will be when that oil reaches the separator, the conditions can be changed to optimise throughput of gas.
- the analysis may be performed in real time or near real time.
- the present invention also provides a method of determining or predicting a value of a property of a material which is a crude oil, or product of a process to which said crude oil is a feed or yield of said process, which comprises measuring the absorption of said oil at least one wavelength in the region 600-2700nm e.g.
- the conversion may be direct, or indirect by statistical correlation or by non correlation techniques.
- the application of near infra red spectroscopy to the crude oil has been found to enable the data to be obtained on line or at line and very quickly, resulting in suitability for automated control techniques.
- the crude oil is usually primarily aliphatic in nature, but may contain up to 50% w/w liquid aromatic compounds. It is usually an oil field product from a well head, as whole well product i e the multiphase mixture from the well bore containing oil and water and/or gas which may be at 50-200 bar pressure, or one such product after at least partial removal of water and/or gas ready for sending away down a pipeline from the well head and may be at up to 50 bar e.g. 1-10 bar pressure.
- It may be on a production platform, or between platforms or from a production platform to a collection or storage facility, on or offshore, or vessel, or at such a collection or storage facility or downstream thereof e g in a pipeline downstream thereof e g at a further storage facility, such as in a gathering station or refinery or prior to a separation facility e g to separate gas and/or water and/or other components of the crude oil e g in a distillation to recover e g naphtha.
- the crude oil leaving the well head may contain dissolved gas (e g in amounts of up to 15% by weight gas e g 1-10% wt) and/or water or water droplets (e.g 0 1-50% such as 0 1-5% or 0 2-2%, or especially 1-40% such as 2-50% or 5-40% wt.
- dissolved gas e g in amounts of up to 15% by weight gas e g 1-10% wt
- water or water droplets e.g 0 1-50% such as 0 1-5% or 0 2-2%, or especially 1-40% such as 2-50% or 5-40% wt.
- the Gas/Oil ratio (expressed in StCu ft gas per barrel of oil) may be 1- 10000 e g 2000-9000 (for oil arriving at a well head) and 1-1000 e.g 50-500 or 1-50 e g 1-20 or 3-50 (especially for partly degassed oil leaving a well head)
- the crude oil may contain dissolved gaseous hydrocarbons e g methane, ethane, propane and butane (each in amounts of 0.1- 5% e g 0 5-5% by weight or 0 1-10% e g 0 5-10% in the case of methane) and in total up to 15% especially to 10%
- the oil may also be present with other gases e.g.
- the crude oil may contain 0-40% e g 10-30% gas condensates or light ends (which may be preferably in the amount relative to naphtha which was present in the well head crude oil, and so the analysed crude does not contain added condensates) 0-40% e g 20-40% by weight of naphtha, 5-30% e g 10-20% kerosene, 0-50% e g 5-40% or 20-30% gas oil, 0-40% e g 5-40% or 20-40% fuel oil (with residue) It may also contain (expressed on the same basis) 0-8% asphaltenes (e g 0 01 -2%) 0-8% e g 1 -7% or 0 05-2% sulphur and 0-10 e g.
- inert gas such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide
- the percentage composition of the total of dissolved gaseous hydiocarbons, gas condensates and light ends may be 5-50%, such as 10-40% especially 10-30% or 15-40%; such a combination may be that boiling at up to 130°C under atmospheric pressure
- Its API gravity may be 10-60 e.g. 20-55 and its Pour Point -60°C to + 60°C e.g. - 20°C to +20°C.
- Its boiling range may be -30°C to 550°C and final boiling point up to 880°C.
- the oil may have been dewatered and/or desalted before analysis and in particular when analysed may be substantially free of any separate gas phase. It may be substantially free of dissolved gas when analysed, but preferably contains 0.1-15% dissolved gas.
- the oil being sampled may contain up to 10% wt suspended solids e.g. 1-5%, but is preferably substantially free of suspended solids.
- the oil is preferably substantially free of suspended organic solids, such as insoluble bitumen and tar sands and asphaltenes, and suspended inorganic solids such as formation rock.
- the wavelength(s) at which the absorption is measured is/are in the range 600-2700mm such as 600-2600 nm, e.g. 600- 1000, 1000-1500, 1500-2000 or 2000-2600 nm and especially 1000-2700, and may represent the first second, or third overtone region or the combination region for CH bonds.
- the NIR analysis is preferably primarily by transmittance especially substantially completely by transmittance, with optical densities of the oils preferably of 0.5-3 e.g. 0.8-2.5; reflectance analysis may be used.
- the spectrophotometer is usually one capable of giving with the analyte in question an absorption in the region 3700-5500cm " (1818-2702 nm) of 0.5-2.5, especially 1 -2 absorption units.
- a spectrophotometer is one with a 12V 18A quartz halogen lamp source (or one more powerful e.g. 12V 20A).
- the oil may be analysed as a liquid sample in the cell of an NIR spectrometer or in a remote cell fitted with optical fibre guides leading to and from such a spectrometer, there being one or more cell per spectrometer, e.g. with the optical fibres passing through a multiplexer, so one spectrometer can analyse successively the liquids in a series of cells.
- the cell may have internal walls and surfaces of, and preferably be constructed of optical glass, quartz or silica or zirconium fluoride, depending on the wavelength of absorption; the optical fibres may also be chosen from the same materials.
- the cell path length decreases with increasing wavelength.
- the cell may receive a separate liquid sample e.g. in a laboratory separate from the source of the sample or at line next to the source or may preferably be in line, e.g. in a side line, e.g. in a "fast" loop, off a main line containing the material to be tested. Because the oil often contains suspended solids, the cell may become fouled periodically and fouling should be removed or compensation made for it (e.g. by comparison of the absorption of the cell when empty but containing fouling and when containing analysate). Preferably insolubles in the crude oil sampled are substantially removed before the NIR analysis.
- the property to be determined may be chemical, physical, physicochemical optical and/or mechanical and more than one property can be determined at the same time and/or from the same sampling of the oil.
- properties are composition e.g. percentage of one or more components e.g. soluble hydrocarbons, especially such as gaseous hydrocarbons, in total or each e.g. methane, ethane, propane, isobutane or butaneor mixtures thereof e.g. lean gas, natural gas, butanes and condensates, also, sulphur compounds, acid compounds, asphaltenes, wax, aromatics, and/or water.
- soluble hydrocarbons especially such as gaseous hydrocarbons, in total or each e.g. methane, ethane, propane, isobutane or butaneor mixtures thereof e.g. lean gas, natural gas, butanes and condensates, also, sulphur compounds, acid compounds, asphaltenes, wax, aromatics, and
- Percentage compositions of the total gaseous hydrocarbons, with gas condensates may be obtained as such or in combination also with light ends e.g. C 6 - 8 alkanes in the form of the percentage of components distilling at up to 130°C (under atmospheric pressure).
- the analysis of the crude oil may also be for additives intentionally added upstream of the analysis point to aid processing or handling of the oil, e.g. flow improvers, pour depressants wax inhibitors such as methanol and dray reduces.
- the analysis may especially be in relation to volatile additives, e.g. ones volatile in a subsequent gas separation or distillation stage.
- the property determined may be a mixture of properties e.g. gas/oil ratio, which relates to the ratio of vapour phase to total liquid phase (i.e. including water if present and dissolved gas if present).
- Other properties of the oil/or yields of products from the oil include percentages of one or more of gasoline, naphtha, gas oil, fuel oil and residue.
- Another property that can be determined is wet density, in particular for an oil containing water and gas.
- the absorption value is converted into a value for the desired property.
- this conversion may be direct, for example by absorption e.g. in the mid infra red region, where methane is known to absorb, the percentage of methane can be determined directly according to the Beer Lambert law; usually the cell is calibrated with appropriate media containing known concentrations of methane, or the absorbance is compared directly to another parallel cell containing that medium
- the determination of water may be directly where water is known to absorb e g around 4000cm "1 (12500nm) or 5200cm "1 (1923nm) such as 5240cm "1 (1908nm) or 7000cm "1 (1428nm) or any combination of these, or the wavelength may be chosen as described below
- the wavelength(s) chosen for the absorption are chosen by statistical means These are correlative and involve relations of a regressional character between the property(ies) and the absorbances
- Multivaiable analyses include multilinear regression (MLR), Principle Component Regression (PCR), Canonic regression and legiession by Partial Least Squares (PLS)
- MLR multilinear regression
- PCR Principle Component Regression
- PLS Partial Least Squares
- Di the absorption
- factoi i is the Regiession Coefficient
- I e the value of the significance of the absorption at that wavelength to the property, the sum being taken over all the wavelengths whose absorptions are considered
- the relation is more usually quadratic oi involves fractions or is of higher algebraic form
- the Regression Equation has to be determined empirically, using a calibration set with known properties This approach is useful when the calibration set encompasses
- Suitable con elation techniques as applied to crude oil are use of PLS on crude oils to dete ⁇ nine the optimum wavelengths for determination of their gas content Suitable wavelengths include 2173, 2295, 2365, 2406, 2439 and 2500nm, especially all of these, especially in a regression equation for normalized absorbances in the foi m
- a and B are numbers, in particular A and B each being 14000-15000 e.g. 14450-14550, C being 19300-20300 in particular 19800- 19900, D being 14800-15800, in particular 15320 to 15420, E being 6000-7000, e.g. 6520 to 6620, F being 8600-9600 e.g. 9070-9170 and G being 460-470 in particular 465-468.
- a more preferred method involves measurement of absorption at more than one wavelength and then, without any statistical treatment, comparing the absorption (or a derivative thereof) of the unknown with the absorptions (or derivative) of a number of standard crude oils of known properties in a bank to determine the standard(s) which have the nearest absorption values at the same wavelengths to the unknown; the property of the unknown is then the same as that of the chosen standard (or the averaged value of the chosen standards).
- This technique is described further in WO 96/ 1 1399, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the method as applied to crude oil comprises determining or predicting a value P ⁇ which is a value of a property of a material X, which is a crude oil, or a property of a product of a process from said material or yield of said process, which method comprises measuring the absorption D 1X of said material at more than one wavelength in the region 600-2700 e.g.
- the crude oil may be tested on line, at line or offline
- NMR analytical techniques involving distillation hitherto used; the latter were not suitable for on line control of operations, while those of the invention are.
- the crude oil when analysed may be free of dissolved gas but preferably contains dissolved gas e g at 5-20 bar pressure and may also contain a discrete gaseous phase comprising the gas
- This crude oil may be analysed by the NIR spectrometer and the property of the oil determined directly
- the crude oil analysed may be a feed to a separating means e g a gas separator to separate gas from liquid phase (either oil or water or both) or a distillation to separate gas and one or more liquid phases, e g naphtha, gas oil and/or fuel oil
- a separating means e g a gas separator to separate gas from liquid phase (either oil or water or both) or a distillation to separate gas and one or more liquid phases, e g naphtha, gas oil and/or fuel oil
- a separating means e g a gas separator to separate gas from liquid phase (either oil or water or both) or a distillation to separate gas and one or more liquid phases, e
- the analysis by NIR may be before a separation step in which one or more components may be separated from the rest e g gas in total or separately such as dry gas (predominantly methane and ethane) propane oi butane
- the separation step may be to remove substantially all the gas at once, e g lowering the pressure to a millibar level e g l -200 oi 10- 150 millibar level at 30-50°C, but preferably the gas is removed in stages by stepwise reduction in pi essure e g from 10-20 bar at 40-60°C, to 1-3 bar at 35-50°C to 10- 150m bar at 30-40°C
- there is a critical size to the separation apparatus oi a critical maximum throughput of one of the components, for example in gas separators especially cyclones, there is an maximum throughput of gas through an apparatus of a particular size.
- NIR analysis is applied to the feed mixture of crude oil and gas and/or water to determine its content of the critical component. Then the flow rate of the mixture is adjusted to optimise the total weight or value of the critical component through the separator and by continuous or continual analysis e.g. by on line analysis, the flow rate is continuously or continually adjusted. In this way there are significant technical benefits in the separation step. These benefits are found even more when there is a length of pipeline between the point of analysis and the separating means e.g. at least 1 Km, especially at least 10 Km such as 1-1000 or 5-50 or 50-500 Km.
- the oil is analysed by NIR before entering the pipeline, or in transit in the pipeline e.g.
- the pipeline then carries the oil with the optimum flow rate of critical component to the separation means.
- the use of the separation means is optimised.
- the content of the critical component often varies with time, so, without adjustment of the flow rate of that component, the separator may not be operating optimally, however the flow rate should be adjusted according to the changes in the critical component content within the capacity of the pipeline. Hence if the gas content reduced suddenly, then the flow rate should be gradually increased.
- the information on the content of that component and its instantaneous flow rate can be passed to the operations of the separation means, so that it can be adjusted to be optimum for that particular oil/component mix when it reaches the separator e.g. by changing the temperature pressure or flow rates.
- the separator may be controlled based on a property of a degassed crude oil e.g. TBP.
- the variation in gas or other component content is often significant when the pipeline is fed from a collection station into which pass oils from more than one well, e.g. when one or more wells is suddenly brought on or off stream.
- the analysis may still be on the oil just before entry to the pipeline e.g. the blend of oils for example at a collection station offshore or onshore but preferably the individual oils are analysed before blending either at the collection station itself (e.g.
- NIR analysis exists in i elation to the blending of a number of oils from different well heads Infoi mation on the value of the part of the oil in a blend derived fi om that well head oil is often useful both for internal accounting (e g to see which wells contiibute compositionally most to the blend) and for external accounting in I elation to distnbution of value of the blended oil to each well head owner
- NIR analysis can be applied in i elation to identification of individual oils leaving the line
- the analysis can be applied to the oil befoi e entiy and the oil analysed continuously on exit and monitoi ed to
- the determination of the water content of a crude oil in particular in amounts greater than 10% w/w can be used to show rapidly the presence of slugs of water in a pipeline, so that suitable pieparations can be made for handling these when the analysed crude reaches a subsequent water separator
- a sample of crude oil can be taken from the crude oil line and separated into one for total NIR absorption measurement (for determining water) and one for passing through a coalescer to iemove water for subsequent NIR analysis of the eluate, which is then substantially watei fiee
- This dual cell approach enables a larger number of pioperties to be measui ed at once based on one sampling
- the coalescer may be replaced by any othei means foi sepaiating water from the crude oil
- Fig 1 and Fig 4 are schematic diagrams of blending process operations of the invention
- Fig 2 is a schematic diagi am of a ti anspoit and separation process operation
- Fig 3 is a schematic diagi am of a blending ti ansport and separation process operation Referring to Fig 1 a collection station 1 and thiee well head locations 2, 3,
- the computers 8b- 10b pass signals to the corresponding pumps 21-23 which instruct them to adjust their flow rates for material in lines 5-7 according to a preset plan e g to keep the analysis of the blend leaving in line 15 for at least one component e g the gas content in a preset range e g ⁇ 10% or ⁇ 5% of a specified value
- a station 1 which may be a collection station as in Fig 1 (for combining more than one oil) oi may be supplied with oil from one well head, has a line 15 leading to pump 24, with analytical equipment 14ab, joined to line 15 by fibre 16 and to pump 24 by signal tiansmission means 20, which may be wire/cable or electronic Line 15 leads to pipeline 25, which extends e g under the sea to a line 26 to separating means 30, sepai ating means 30 has line 31 for separation of one fraction e g gas and line 32 foi separation of another fraction e g degassed crude oil for furthei transport e g by pipeline or ship or passage to a refinery
- the oil containing a specified component e g gas leaving station 1 in line 15 is analysed by NIR foi said component by equipment 14a and the result combined with the flow iate of liquid in line 1 5 to provide the total flow rate of that component in line 15 at that time
- that flow rate information is passed to the operation of the separating means 30 so that the separator of that component in line 3 1 can be optimized, when the oil in that line reaches the separating means e g by changing the separation conditions of temperature or pressure, this lattei can be checked by means not shown by analysis of the liquid entering sepaiating means 30 and companson with the analysis in line 15
- the total flow i ate in line 1 5 is altered by changing the pumping rate from pump 24 to the optimum By this means knowing the content of that component e g gas content on line 1 5, the optimum pump rate can be used
- Fig 3 shows a combination of the pi ocesses of Figs 1 and 2, in which the oils from locations 2, 3 and 4 pass via collection station 1 , along pipelines 15 and 25 to separating means 30, fi om whence two fi actions ai e removed in lines 31 and 32.
- the operations are as described for Figs. 1 and 2.
- FIG.4 there are three well head locations 2, 3 and 4 with equipment pipelines etc numbered as in Fig.1 and also three more well head locations 40, 50 and 60, with pipelines 45, 55 and 65 towards collection station 1, analytical equipment 4 lab, 5 lab, 6 lab (spectrometers and computers) joined to the pipelines 45, 55 and 65 respectively by analysis lines 42, 52 and 62 respectively, and signal transmission lines 43, 53 and 63 from computers 41b, 51b and 61b to pumps 44, 54 and 64 respectively.
- the general layout differs from that in Fig.l because of lines 5, 6 and 7 from well head locations 2, 3 and 4 meeting single line 67 which leads to collection station 1 and similarly lines 55 and 65 meeting single line 66 leading to collection station 1.
- the mode of operation of the apparatus in Fig.4 may be as for Fig.1. If desired the blending process may be followed by the transport and separation process as in Fig.3.
- the analysis of the oil at each well head may be used such (with the oil feed rate) in lines 5-7 etc to determine the amount of oil (and its components) from each well head reaching station 1 with or without control on that feed rate and hence any control on the composition of oil leaving the station 1.
- a caide oil containing dissolved gas was passed in a pipeline to a separator where its pressure was reduced and its components capable of being flashed off at 130°C under atmospheric pressure were separated. These components are gaseous hydrocarbons of 1-4 carbons, liquid gas condensate predominantly 5 carbon hydrocarbons and light ends, mostly 6 and 7 carbon alkanes.
- the crude oil was analysed before it entered the pipeline by a near infra red (NIR) spectrometer coupled to a computer to give absorbances that the computer converted to the content of the above components, so that the conditions of the separation i.e. temperature, pressure and flow rate could be controlled at the optimum for that separator with that crude.
- NIR near infra red
- Tables below show the absorbances at particular wavelengths in relation to the content of those components (in weight %, based on the weight of the oil) for each of 4 caides.
- the apparatus in these Examples comprises a spectrophotometer, (Bomen 160 Analysis with source and In As detector) with pressurised optical glass sample cell of 0.3mm path length and an Axion LFV high temperature and pressure flow cell.
- the sample cell was attached to a sampler with a piston (for delivering the sample) and a mixer to mix its contents thoroughly.
- the output from the spectrophotometer was analysed by Win Bomen Easy software on its computer, and statistical models were done using Pirouette Model Software.
- pressurised oils samples of oil weie taken and transferred under pressure to the sample cell via the piston and mixer
- a stabilised crude oil (I e at atmosphenc pressure and having no undissolved gas) from the Forties (North Sea) field contained 1 4% water
- the absoiptions of the 3 compositions were then measured at 3700- 10000cm "1 ( 1000-2702nm) and the absorptions at 5240cm "1 (1908nm) were visually inspected, and found to show a positive correlation with the amount of watei piesent
- compositions A, B and C wei e also separately passed through a 0 2 micrometer coalescing filtei (PALL E Emflon II Kleenpak Kl filter) to remove water and leave compositions D E and F l espectively
- PALL E Emflon II Kleenpak Kl filter 0 2 micrometer coalescing filtei
- the absorptions of the Compositions D-F weie also measured as described above
- the water contents were detei mined by the Standai d Method
- compositions wei e as follows - Composition % Watei
- Samples of live ciude oils fi om diffeient souices in North Sea contained different proportions of watei (dissolved and in a sepai ate phase) and different proportions of gas (dissolved and in a sepai ate phase), as well as different distributions of light, medium and heavy liquid compounds)
- Each sample was homogenised to give a sample under pressure of uniform composition (albeit of 3 phases)
- Each sample was then introduced into the pressurised sample cell of the spectrophotometer without lelease of pressure and its NIR absorptions measured at 3700-10,000cm " ' (1000-2702nm) 4 of the crude oils were used to calibrate a relationship between NIR absorptions of crude oils and their water contents
- the absorption data using the whole legion 3700-10,00001X1 " ' (1000-2702nm) were transferred to the Pirouette modelling software on the computer and a chemometrics PLS model was generated with 2 principle components to give a Regression Equation based on absoibances at
- the 5 live crude oils used in Example 3 contained gas, mostly methane, in differing amounts.
- the NIR spectra at 3700- 10,000cm " were measured on each of the live crude oils as described in Ex.3, and also on samples of each oil from which the pressure had been progressively released. In this way a series of results was obtained for each oil at different pressures and hence different gas contents.
- the sample was rendered uniform before the spectrum was recorded.
- the approximate initial gas contents (and GOR) of the oils were determined by conventional means.
- the initial GOR values for the live crudes were G ⁇ 1, H 3-4, J 7-8, K 10-
- Crude oils often contain additives, which have been added to aid production or processing.
- An example of one of these is methanol which can be added to crude oil to stop deposition of wax from the oil at low temperatures.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB9918406A GB2336430B (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Determination of properties of oil |
CA002280895A CA2280895C (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Determination of properties of oil |
BR9807363-0A BR9807363A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Determination of oil properties |
AU62220/98A AU737677B2 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Determination of properties of oil |
NO993848A NO993848L (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1999-08-10 | Procedure for determining oil properties |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP97430007A EP0859236A1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-02-14 | Determination of properties of oil |
EP97430007.1 | 1997-02-14 |
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WO1998036274A1 true WO1998036274A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
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PCT/GB1998/000450 WO1998036274A1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-13 | Determination of properties of oil |
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EP (1) | EP0859236A1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR011802A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU737677B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9807363A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2280895C (en) |
CO (1) | CO4950600A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2336430B (en) |
NO (1) | NO993848L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998036274A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0859236A1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
CA2280895A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
NO993848D0 (en) | 1999-08-10 |
AU6222098A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
CO4950600A1 (en) | 2000-09-01 |
BR9807363A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
NO993848L (en) | 1999-10-14 |
GB2336430A (en) | 1999-10-20 |
GB2336430B (en) | 2001-04-25 |
GB9918406D0 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
AR011802A1 (en) | 2000-09-13 |
AU737677B2 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
CA2280895C (en) | 2007-07-10 |
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