WO1998036001A1 - Convergent self-branching polymerization - Google Patents
Convergent self-branching polymerization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998036001A1 WO1998036001A1 PCT/US1998/002838 US9802838W WO9836001A1 WO 1998036001 A1 WO1998036001 A1 WO 1998036001A1 US 9802838 W US9802838 W US 9802838W WO 9836001 A1 WO9836001 A1 WO 9836001A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- electrophilic
- reactive end
- end group
- polymer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
- C08G83/002—Dendritic macromolecules
- C08G83/005—Hyperbranched macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to polymerization of branched polymers, and, more particularly, to a method of preparing very high molecular weight branched polymers and to the resulting high molecular weight branched polymers.
- dendritic polymers including dendrons, dendrimers, dendrigrafts, and random hyper-branched polymers have quickly been recognized as the fourth major molecular architecture, which exhibits very different properties over the traditional linear, branched, and crosslinked polymers.
- the dendritic polymers posses smaller sizes, lower viscosities, higher number of surface functional groups, faster reaction kinetics, and controlled interior void spaces when compared with their linear counterparts.
- the well defined dendrons, dendrimers, and dendrigrafts are normally prepared through a stepwise synthetic process, which often makes them too expensive to be utilized in most of the industrial applications.
- This invention pertains to a method of preparing ultra-high molecular weight dendritic polymers in which the branching junctures are assembled in situ (i.e., are self-branching) in a convergent manner during polymerization of the monomers.
- the invention also relates to dendritic polymers prepared in accordance with the method.
- a method of forming a branched polymer capable of achieving high molecular weight comprises polymerizing a monomer which is protected against branching and which forms a reactive end group which is in a first electrophilic or nucleophilic condition.
- the monomer at least during a portion of the polymerization reaction, is susceptible of reversing it electrophilic or nucleophilic character (i.e., from electrophilic to nucleophilic or from nucleophilic to electrophilic) by reaction with a chain transfer agent.
- the growing linear polymer chains are exposed to a chain transfer agent so that the reactive end group of a growing linear polymer chain reverses its electrophilic or nucleophilic character. Thereafter, a non-reversed reactive end group on a second growing linear polymer chain reacts with the reversed reactive end group on the first growing linear polymer chain to create a branched polymer.
- composition of matter comprising a branched polymer prepared by the method of this invention is provided.
- This invention provides a new approach to the production of ultra-high MW dendritic polymers in which the branching junctures are assembled in situ (self-branching) through a convergent manner during the polymerization of commercially available monomers.
- this polymerization as convergent self-branching polymerization (CSBP).
- CSBP convergent self-branching polymerization
- the self-branching polymerization generates branching junctures during the propagation of monomers. Similar to the synthesis of Starburst ® dendrimers, these branching junctures can be constructed through both divergent and convergent approaches.
- the divergent self-branching polymerization amplifies its reactive chain ends and allows them to branch from an inside core to outside terminal groups, while the convergent self-branching polymerization combines the reactive chain ends and allows them to branch from the outside terminal groups to the inside core.
- the best example for DSBP is Frechet' s self-condensing vinyl polymerization, in which both an initiating center and a propagating center were present in each AB monomer, and the branching junctures were generated through simultaneous and continuous initiating and propagating processes during the polymerization.
- CSBP in addition to chain propagation, a chain branching reaction also occurs during the polymerization.
- a chain transfer reaction (from an active chain end to a monomer) may generate a macromonomer, as well as another new active chain end.
- This macromonomer can then be combined with this new or another active chain end to generate a dimer-like molecule with a new active chain end in the middle of the polymer chain.
- the resulting chain ends can further propagate with more monomers and then combine with another macromonomer to form a Y-shape branched molecule with a newly generated reactive chain end at the focal point.
- This newly generated reactive chain end can again propagate with more monomers and then combine with another macromonomer to form a hyper-branched polymer with its reactive chain end at the focal point.
- a dendron-like hyper-branched polymer will be formed. If a multifunctional or dendrimer core is utilized, a dendrimer-like, spherical hyper-branched polymer will be generated. Similarly, if a multifunctional linear polymeric core is used, a dendrigraft-like hyper-branched polymer will also be obtained.
- a fundamental difference between traditional linear polymerization and a self- branching polymerization is that the former prefers one reaction pathway (i.e., propagation), while the latter undergoes two or more reaction pathways (i.e., propagation and branching).
- one reaction pathway i.e., initiation and propagation
- it is very difficult to control the polymerization condition which only allows the desired reaction pathway to occur.
- there are always some side reactions occurred during the polymerization processes which generate undesired side products such as pre-terminated low molecular weight linear polymers, cyclic polymers, chain transfer polymers, and branched polymers.
- the conventional polymerization processes which were widely used to produce one dimensional linear polymer could also be utilized to prepare three dimentional tree-like polymers.
- the invention will be illustrated with reference to the convergent self-branching polymerization of ethyloxazoline.
- a cationic initiator such as a carbonium ion is contacted with ethyloxazoline to form a growing linear chain having an end group which is electrophilic.
- This growing linear chain having an electrophilic end group is designated by the number 1 in the reaction scheme.
- a chain transfer agent in this case the monomer itself reacts with the growing chain to form a linear polyethyloxazoline chain having a nucleophilic end group (represented by the compound designated by the number 2 in the reaction scheme).
- the nucleophilic linear polymeric chain (compound 2 in the reaction scheme) can react with the electrophilic linear polymer chain (compound 1 in the reaction scheme) to form a compound (compound 5 in the reaction scheme) having an electrophilic reactive moiety bounded to two linear polymeric chains, and with the electrophilic moiety serving as a site for additional polymerization of a polymeric branch.
- compound 5 in the reaction scheme can be reacted with additional monomer to form a branched polymer (the compound designed number 7 in the reaction scheme) having one branch with a reactive, electrophilic terminal.
- compound 2 can be reacted with the protenated monomer (compound 3) to form compound 4 in the reaction scheme.
- Compound 4 in the reaction scheme can be reacted with additional monomer to form a polymer (compound 6) having a reactive, electrophilic end group.
- polymers 6 and 7 can be reacted with additional monomer to form polymers 8 and 9 which can be represented in. either of two alternative schematic formulas illustrated in the reaction scheme.
- polymer 8 can be reacted with additional monomer or additional monomer and one of compounds 4, 5, 6 or 7 to form polymers 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively.
- the various polymeric compounds formed in the above reaction scheme can be reacted with (i.e., quenched with) any of various compounds having multiple reactive sites capable of reacting with the reactive end groups of the various polymer chains.
- any of various compounds having multiple reactive sites capable of reacting with the reactive end groups of the various polymer chains can be reacted with (i.e., quenched with) any of various compounds having multiple reactive sites capable of reacting with the reactive end groups of the various polymer chains.
- the polyethyloxazoline compounds e.g., compounds 7-14
- the compound having multiple reactive sites capable of reacting with the reactive end groups on the polymer chains can be of generally any molecular architecture.
- the polyethyleneimide in the case of the polyethyleneimide compounds can be linear, including rigid rods, and cyclic or closed linear polymers; cross-linked polymers, including lightly cross-linked polymers, densley cross- linked polymers, and interpenetrating networks; branched polymers, including random short branched polymers, random long branched polymers, regular comb-branched polymers and regular star-branched polymers; or dendritic polymers, including random hyper-branched dendritic polymers, dendrigrafts, dendrons, and dendrimers.
- linear including rigid rods, and cyclic or closed linear polymers
- cross-linked polymers including lightly cross-linked polymers, densley cross- linked polymers, and interpenetrating networks
- branched polymers including random short branched polymers, random long branched polymers, regular comb-branched polymers and regular star-branched polymers
- dendritic polymers including random hyper-branched dendritic polymers, dendrigrafts
- polymers having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 or above can be prepared.
- a hyper-branched polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine core with a plurality of branched polyethyloxazoline moieties grafted thereto can be prepared in accordance with this invention having a molecular weight of at least 1,000,000.
- the convergent self-branching polymers of this invention can be advantageously employed in various applications including: Ag/Pharma Delivery, Lubrication, Adhesives, Rapid Cure Coatings, Composites, Crosslinking Agents, Metal Chelation, Gene Transfection, Diagnostic Assays, MRI Agents, Water Treatment, Environmental Remediation (Clean-up), Paper Finishing Chemicals, Viscosity Modifiers, Antistatic Agents, Ceramic Fabrication, Polymer Additives, Ink-jet Pringting, Photographic Reagents, Reprography reagents,
- Methyl p-toluenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, morpholine, and diisopropylethylamine were purchased from Aldrich. . 2-Ethyloxazoline was obtained form Monsanto. Toluene, methylene chloride, diethyl ether, and methanol were purchased for
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002279519A CA2279519A1 (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-02-17 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
EP98906424A EP0981555A4 (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-02-17 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
JP53595598A JP2001511840A (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-02-17 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
US09/365,609 US6632889B1 (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1999-08-02 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3872797P | 1997-02-18 | 1997-02-18 | |
US60/038,727 | 1997-02-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/365,609 Continuation US6632889B1 (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1999-08-02 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998036001A1 true WO1998036001A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
Family
ID=21901545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/002838 WO1998036001A1 (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-02-17 | Convergent self-branching polymerization |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6632889B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0981555A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001511840A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2279519A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998036001A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001021678A1 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2001-03-29 | Northwestern University | Self-assembling compounds and use of the same to induce order in organic media |
WO2003054060A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Hyperbranched esteroxazoline polymers |
US7151153B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2006-12-19 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of hyperbranched polyurethanes for producing printing inks |
US7511085B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2009-03-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Liquid printing inks for flexographic and/or intaglio printing comprising hyperbranched polymers as the vehicle |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5268255B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2013-08-21 | エイエヌピー テクノロジーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Asymmetric branched polymer conjugates and microarray assays |
WO2006102484A2 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-28 | Anp Technologies, Inc. | Symmetrically branched polymer conjugates and microarray assays |
US7723438B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2010-05-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Surface-decorated polymeric amphiphile porogens for the templation of nanoporous materials |
DE602006019709D1 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2011-03-03 | Anp Technologies Inc | |
US20080020043A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Marc Gingras | Dendrimer-Drug Conjugates |
WO2012153297A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-15 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Targeted polymeric conjugates and uses thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4910268A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1990-03-20 | Shiro Kobayashi | Acryl type macromonomer having a polyethyleneimine derivative chain and process for producing the same, as well as graft polymer having a polyethyleneimine derivative chain as the graft chain and process for producing the same |
US4946824A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1990-08-07 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Connected branch copolymers, methods for their production, and copying materials including same |
US5041516A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-08-20 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Dendritic molecules and method of production |
US5631329A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1997-05-20 | Dendritech, Inc. | Process for producing hyper-comb-branched polymers |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL99234A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1994-05-30 | Michigan Molecular Inst | Non-crosslinked, poly-branched polymers and their preparation |
-
1998
- 1998-02-17 CA CA002279519A patent/CA2279519A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-02-17 WO PCT/US1998/002838 patent/WO1998036001A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-17 EP EP98906424A patent/EP0981555A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-17 JP JP53595598A patent/JP2001511840A/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-08-02 US US09/365,609 patent/US6632889B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4946824A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1990-08-07 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Connected branch copolymers, methods for their production, and copying materials including same |
US4910268A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1990-03-20 | Shiro Kobayashi | Acryl type macromonomer having a polyethyleneimine derivative chain and process for producing the same, as well as graft polymer having a polyethyleneimine derivative chain as the graft chain and process for producing the same |
US5041516A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-08-20 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Dendritic molecules and method of production |
US5631329A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1997-05-20 | Dendritech, Inc. | Process for producing hyper-comb-branched polymers |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001021678A1 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2001-03-29 | Northwestern University | Self-assembling compounds and use of the same to induce order in organic media |
US7151153B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2006-12-19 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of hyperbranched polyurethanes for producing printing inks |
US7511085B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2009-03-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Liquid printing inks for flexographic and/or intaglio printing comprising hyperbranched polymers as the vehicle |
US7939583B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2011-05-10 | Basf Se | Liquid printing inks for flexographic and/or gravure printing using hyperbranched polymers as binders |
WO2003054060A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Hyperbranched esteroxazoline polymers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6632889B1 (en) | 2003-10-14 |
JP2001511840A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
EP0981555A4 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
CA2279519A1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
EP0981555A1 (en) | 2000-03-01 |
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