WO1998035944A1

WO1998035944A1 - Amides as npy5 receptor antagonists

Info

Publication number: WO1998035944A1
Application number: PCT/US1998/002122
Authority: WO
Inventors: Richard D. Connell; Timothy G. Lease; Gaetan H. Ladouceur; Martin H. Osterhout
Original assignee: Bayer Corporation
Priority date: 1997-02-14
Filing date: 1998-02-05
Publication date: 1998-08-20
Also published as: EP0927166A1; JP2000510870A; AU6267198A; CA2251580A1

Abstract

α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compounds of formula (I) and methods of administering the compositions to mammals to treat disorders such as obesity that are mediated by NPY and especially those mediated by NPY via the Y5 receptor, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R1-R5 are each individually selected from the group of substituents including hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heterocycle, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzothiophene, furan, fluoride, nitro, cyano, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene and dibenzofuran, and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur.

Description

AMIDES AS NPY5 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1) Field of the Invention

This invention is a method for inhibiting the neuropeptide Y ("NPY") Y5 receptor

using a class of substituted α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compositions. As antagonists

of the Y5 receptor, the compositions are useful in treating obese mammals, mammals with

bulimia, for treating mammals with obesity related disorders including, but not limited to type II diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian disease,

pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, and for treating mammals suffering from NPY Y5 receptor

inhibition related disorders such as memory disorders, epilepsy, dyslipidemia, and

depression. (2) Description of the Art

NPY is a 36 amino acid peptide that is a member of a larger peptide family which

includes peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic peptide (PP). NPY is highly conserved in a

variety of animal, reptile and fish species and is found mainly in the central and peripheral

sympathetic neurons. Furthermore, NPY is the most prevalent peptide in the mammalian

brain where it is found primarily in the limbic regions. NPY has been found to elicit a

number of physiological responses including appetite stimulation, anxiolysis, hypertension, and regulation of coronary tone.

NPY is believed to stimulate food intake by activating a hypothalamic eating

receptor. Hu et al, J. Bio. Chem., Vol. 271, No. 42 pp.26315-319 (1996) discloses the

isolation and identification and the expression cloning of a novel Y-type receptor from rat

hypothalamus which the authors designated Y5. According to Hu et al., the localization of Y5 mRNA in critical areas of the brain hypothalamus and other brain regions known to regulate food intake together with an in vitro pharmacological profile consistent with the in

vivo feeding data leads those skilled in the art to believe that the Y5 receptor is a primary

mediator of NPY-induced feeding. A human homologue of the Y5 receptor has also been

identified by Gerald et al., Nature, 382:168-171 (1996) which discloses the isolation,

expression and analysis of an NPY Y5 receptor from the rat hypothalamus.

Antagonists of NPY receptors other than the Y5 receptors have been identified. For

example, U.S. Patent No. 5,554,621 discloses NPY antagonists that act on the Yl, Y2, Y3 and other Yl-like or Y4-type receptors. The reported antagonists are dihydropyridine based

substituents.

U.S. Patent No. 5,506,248 also discloses NPY receptor antagonists. The

compositions disclosed each include sulphamadyl and amidino radicals. The disclosed

compositions do not include sulfur or oxygen in the backbone structure.

WO 96/16542 discloses genetically modified NPY receptors.

There is evidence that the Y5 receptor of NPY has a pharmacological feeding profile

that is unique in comparison to other NPY receptors, namely, Yl, Y2, Y3 and Y4/PP1

because the Y5 receptor response correlates well with in vivo potencies of the standard

peptides in the stimulation of feeding. Furthermore, antagonists of other NPY receptors

such as Yl do not necessarily exhibit an inhibitory response when assayed against Y5. In

view of the knowledge that NPY plays an important role in eating and other disorders and in view of the knowledge that the Y5 receptor plays an important and unique role in the

mechanism of such disorders, there is, therefore, a great need for antagonists of the NPY Y5

receptor. Furthermore, there is a need for antagonists of NPY that specifically target the Y5 receptor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide a method for treating obesity, obesity

related disorders and eating disorders in mammals using a therapeutically effective amount

of a composition heretofore unknown for its NPY Y5 inhibitory properties. It is another object of this invention to provide a method for the effective treatment

of diseases in mammals that include the NPY Y5 receptor in their mechanism.

It is still another object of this invention to provide a method for the treatment of

obesity and bulimia in humans using a class of substituted α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide

compositions.

Another object of this invention are novel α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide

compositions that are useful as NPY Y5 receptor antagonists and therapeutic compositions

containing the same.

In one embodiment, this invention is a method for treating mammalian disorders

mediated by the NPY Y5 receptor comprising the administration to a mammal of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound having the formula:

R² R³ R⁴

o

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein RrR₅ are each individually selected

from the group of substituents including hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, lower alkyl,

substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,

acyl, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heterocycle, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl,

alkylcycloheteroalkyl, nitro, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzothiophene, furan, fluoride, cyano, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene and dibenzofuran and

X is oxygen or sulfur.

In another embodiment, this invention is a class of novel α-alkoxy and α-

thioalkoxyamide compositions. The novel compositions have the same general formula disclosed above except for compounds 137-188 identified in Table 4 as prior art

compositions.

In yet another embodiment, this invention is a pharmaceutical dosage form

comprising the novel α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compositions described above and at

least one pharmaceutical additive.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods for using α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide

compositions that are NPY Y5 receptor antagonists to treat NPY mediated disorders including eating disorders such as bulimia and obesity. The present invention also includes

novel α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compositions. The α-alkoxy and α-

thioalkoxyamide compositions described immediately below, except for compounds 137-

188 disclosed in Table 4 are novel, while the compounds described below, including

compounds 137-188 disclosed in Table 4 are useful in the methods disclosed herein.

Compositions that fall within the scope of this invention have the general formula:

wherein R'-R⁵ are each individually selected from the group of substituents including

hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,

alkylalkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl,

aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heterocycle, heteroalkyl,

cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, phenyl,

substituted phenyl, benzothiophene, furan, fluoride, nitro, cyano, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene and dibenzofuran and wherein and X is sulfur, or

oxygen.

In the novel compositions of this invention, R' may be any substituent other than

those R¹ substituents used in compounds 137-188 as disclosed in Table 4. More preferably, in the novel compounds of this invention, R' will be selected from the group of substituents

including lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl, benzothiophene, furan, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene, dibenzofuran and fluorine. When R¹ is a substituted phenyl, then the substituted phenyl may be substituted

with one or more substituents including phenyl, cyanophenyl, halogens including fluoride,

chloride, iodide and bromide, a branched or straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6

carbon atoms.

It is preferred that R² is hydrogen, or an unsubstitued or substituted alkyl group

having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R¹ and R² can together with an adjacent nitrogen atom form a 3 atom to 7 atom

heterocycle.

It is preferred that R³ and R⁴ are individually selected from the group hydrogen,

lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. R¹ and R⁴ are

more preferably each individually selected from the group hydrogen, substituted or

unsubstituted phenyl, alkyl, or substituted alkyl wherein the substituted alkyl is substituted

with one or more groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R³ and R⁴ are most preferably

hydrogen, -CH₃ or phenyl that is optionally substituted with halogen, an alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

It is preferred that R⁵ is a lower alkyl; a substituted lower alkyl wherein the

substituted lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the

group including hydroxyl, mercaptomethylphenyl, furan, and phenyl substituted up to three

times with a methyl group; N-methylpiperdine; phenyl optionally substituted with a lower

alkyl group, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, aminoacyl, hydroxyl or fluoro group; pyridine;

pyridine N-oxide; unsubstituted pyrimidine; pyrimidine substituted with from one to three substituents selected from the group including lower alkyl, hydroxyl, nitroso, amino, trifluoromethyl, and thiol; 1,3,5-triazine substituted up to two times with amino, thiol, or a

mixture thereof; 4,5-dihydrothiazole; phenyl substituted 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole; 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted with phenyl or with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyethyl; 1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted with

amino, an aminoalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and with lower alkyl;

unsubstituted imidazole; imidazole that is substituted with one or more substituents

including lower alkyl, phenyl, chloride substituted phenyl, hydroxymethyl, carboalkoxy,

and mixtures thereof; 4,5-dihydroimidazole; lower alkyl substituted 4, 5-dihydroimidazole; 1,2,4-triazole; 1, 2, 4-triazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl,

unsubstituted thiazole, thiazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl or

5-methylisoxazole thereof, lower alkyl substituted isoxazole, furan, unsubstituted imidazole,

imidazole that is substituted with one or more substituents including lower alkyl,

thioalkoxy, thiophenylsufanylmethyl, thiophenylmethyl, 4-methyl-5-(3-methylsulfanyl-6; 7-

dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene), unsubstituted pyridine, pyridine that is substituted with one or

more substituents including alkoxy, chloride, trifluoromethyl or mixtures thereof, amino,

trifluoromethyl, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl that is substituted with alkoxy, chloride,

trifluoromethyl and mixtures thereof, 2, 2-dimethoxyethyl, 2-oxo-5-trifluormethyl-2H-

pyridin-1 -methyl or hydroxy; 3 -fluorophenyl substituted 5-oxo-l, 2, 4 triazole; unsubstituted tetrazole; tetrazole substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, or hydroxy

substituted phenyl; unsubstituted benzoimidazole; benzoimidazole that is substituted with

one or more substituents including lower alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, and mixtures

thereof; unsubstituted benzothiazole; benzothiazole that is substituted with alkoxy or

chloride; benzooxazole; unsubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin; amine substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; amine substituted 1,2,4- triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine bi-substituted with unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl or bi-substituted with unsubstituted or substituted pyridine that when

substituted is mono- or bi-substituted with amine, hydroxy, 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-

hydroxymethyltetrahydro furan, or mixtures thereof; 4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazoline;

quinazoline; quinoline; and trifluoromethyl substituted quinoline.

The following definitions apply to certain terms used herein.

The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine atoms.

The term "hydroxyl" refers to the group -OH.

The term "furan^" refers to a five membered oxygen containing saturated or

unsaturated heterocycle.

The term "oxo" refers to the group =0.

The terms "thiol" and "mercapto" refers to the groups -SH, and -S(O)₀.₂,

respectively.

The term "lower alkyl" refers to a cyclic, branched, or straight chain alkyl group of one to ten carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified by such groups as methyl, ethyl,

n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl (or 2-methylpropyl), cyclopropylmethyl, i-amyl, n-amyl, hexyl and the like.

The term "substituted lower alkyl" refers to lower alkyl as just described including

one or more substituents such as hydroxyl, thiol, alkylthiol, halogen, alkoxy, amino, amido,

carboxyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycle, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted

cycloheteroalkyl, acyl, carboxyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, substituted

heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, and cyano. These groups may be attached to any carbon atom of the lower alkyl moiety. The term "alkenyl" refers to a group -R'C=CR"R'" where R', R", R'" are each individually selected from hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl,

aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or the like.

The term "alkynyl" refers to a group -C≡C-R'; where R' is selected from hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl,

heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or the like.

The term "alkyl alkenyl" refers to a group -R-CR'=CR'"R"", where R is lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, R', R'", R"" are each independently selected from

hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl,

heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl.

The term "alkyl alkynyl" refers to a group -RC≡CR' where R is lower alkyl or

substituted lower alkyl, R' is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl,

substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl.

The term "alkoxy" refers to the group -OR, where R is lower alkyl, substituted lower

alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl. substituted arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl. substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, or substituted cycloheteroalkyl.

The term "alkylthio" denotes the group -SR, -S(0)_n=1_₂-R, where R is lower alkyl,

substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl.

The term "acyl" refers to groups -C(O)R, where R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and the like.

The term "aryloxy" refers to groups -OAr, where Ar is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl group.

The term "amino" refers to the group NRR', where R and R' may independently be hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted heteroaryl, or acyl.

The term "amido" refers to the group -C(O)NRR', where R and R' may

independently be hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,

heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl. The term "carboxyl" refers to the group -C(O)OR, where R may independently

be hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl,

substituted heteroaryl and the like.

The terms "aryl" and "Ar" refer to an aromatic carbocyclic group having at least one

aromatic ring (e.g., phenyl or biphenyl) or multiple condensed rings in which at least one

ring is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, anthryl, or phenanthryl).

The term "substituted aryl" refers to aryl optionally substituted with one or more

functional groups, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio,

trifluoromethyl, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl,

substituted heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

The term "heterocycle" refers to a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic

group having a single ring (e.g., morpholino, pyridyl or furyl) or multiple condensed

rings (e.g., naphthpyridyl, quinoxalyl, quinolinyl, indolizinyl or benzo[b]thienyl) and having

at least one hetero atom, such as N, O, or S, within the ring, which can optionally be

unsubstituted or substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, alkoxy, lower alkylthio,

trifluoromethyl, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

The term "heteroaryl" refers to a heterocycle in which at least one heterocyclic ring is aromatic. The term "substituted heteroaryl" refers to a heterocycle optionally substituted with one or more substituents including halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio,

trifluoromethyl, amino. amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl,

substituted heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and the like. The term "arylalkyl" refers to the group -R-Ar where Ar is an aryl group and R is lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl group. Aryl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or

substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, trifluoromethyl, amino,

amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,

nitro, cyano. thiol, sulfamido and the like.

The term "heteroalkyl" refers to the group -R-Het where Het is a heterocycle group and R is a lower alkyl group. Heteroalkyl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or

substituted with e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, trifluoromethyl,

amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted

heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and the like. The term "heteroarylalkyl" refers to the group -R-HetAr where HetAr is a heteroaryl

group and R is a lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl. Heteroarylalkyl groups can

optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, nitro,

cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

The term "cycloalkyl" refers to a divalent cyclic or polycyclic alkyl group containing

3 to 15 carbons. For polycyclic groups, these may be multiple condensed rings in which

one of the distal rings may be aromatic (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthalene, etc. . . .).

The term "substituted cycloalkyl " refers to a cycloalkyl group comprising one or

more substituents with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol,

sulfamido and the like.

The term "cycloheteroalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group wherein one or more of the

ring carbon atoms is replaced with a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S or P).

The term "substituted cycloheteroalkyl" refers to a cycloheteroalkyl group as herein

defined which contains one or more substituents, such as halogen, lower alkyl, lower

alkoxy, lower alkylthio, trifluoromethyl, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy,

heterocycle, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, alkylthio, thiol, sulfamido and

the like.

The term "alkyl cycloalkyl" refers to the group -R-cycloalkyl where cycloalkyl is a

cycloalkyl group and R is a lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl. Cycloalkyl groups can

optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with e.g. halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,

lower alkylthio, trifluoromethyl, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy,

the like.

If the compound useful in the method of this invention contains a basic group, an

acid addition salt may be prepared. Acid addition salts of the compounds are prepared in a

standard manner in a suitable solvent from the parent compound and an excess of acid, such

as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, maleic, succinic, or

methanesulfonic. If the final compound contains an acidic group, cationic salts may be

prepared. Typically the parent compound is treated with an excess of an alkaline reagent,

such as hydroxide, carbonate or alkoxide, containing the appropriate cation. Cations such as

Na⁺, K\ Ca²⁺ and NH⁴⁺ are examples of cations present in pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

It is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art that stereoisomers of the compositions described herein as well as isomers and stereoisomers of components that

comprise the compositions identified herein all fall within the scope of compositions that

are both novel and useful in the therapeutic method of this invention.

The process for manufacturing compounds according to the invention can be

illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme:

Generally, processes for the synthesis of useful compounds of this invention are

characterized by the reaction of compounds of the general formula (1):

H

R ^N R²

(1)

wherein R¹ and R² are substituents as described above. Compound (1) is reacted with a compound (2) of the general formula:

(2) in which R³ and R⁴ have the meaning given above, wherein 'Y is a halide, hydroxyl, or O-

acyl and wherein Y represents a halide, and preferably bromine. The reaction of Compound

(1) and Compound (2) occurs in inert solvents and in the presence of base and/or auxiliaries, to give compound (3) having the general formula:

o

(3) in which R', R², R³, R⁴ and Y have the meaning given above. Compound (3) is then reacted

with thiols or alcohols of the general formula HXR⁵ in which R⁵ and X each have the

meanings given above. Compound (3) is reacted with HXR⁵ in one or more inert solvents,

if appropriate, in the presence of base and/or auxiliaries.

Solvents useful in the processes are customary organic solvents that do not change

under the reaction conditions. These preferably include ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane,

tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether, or alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol,

propanol, isopropanol, butanol, iso butanol or tert butanol, or hydrocarbons such as

benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, or halogenated

hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,

dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or ethyl acetate, triethylamine,

pyridine, dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, acetonitrile,

acetone or nitromethane. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned.

Dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide are preferred.

Bases which can be employed for the process are in general inorganic or organic

bases. These preferably include alkali metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide or

potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example barium hydroxide, alkali

metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides such as sodium or potassium methoxide, sodium or potassium ethoxide or potassium tert-

butoxide, or organic amines (trialkyl(Cl-C6)-amines) such as triethylamine, or heterocycles

such as l ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

(DBU), pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, methylpiperidine or morpholine. It is also

possible to employ as bases alkali metals such as sodium or their hydrides such as sodium

hydride. Potassium carbonate is preferred.

The above mentioned bases can, if appropriate, also be employed as acid-binding

auxiliaries. Suitable auxiliaries are also dehydrating reagents. These include, for example,

carbodiimides such as diisopropylcarbodiimide. dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or N-(3-

dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or carbonyl compounds such as

carbonyldiimidazole or 1 ,2-oxazolium substituents such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-19-oxazolium-

3-sulphonate or propanephosphonic anhydride or iso-butyl chloroformate or benzotriazolyloxy-tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or diphenyl

phosphoramidate or methane-sulphonyl chloride, if appropriate in the presence of bases

such as triethylamine or N-ethylmorpholine or N-methylpiperidine or

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The acid-binding agents and

dehydrating reagents are in general employed in an amount from 0.5 to 3 mol, preferably

from 1 to 1.5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the corresponding carboxylic acids.

In general, the base is employed in an amount from 0.05 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 2 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compound (2).

The processes for manufacturing compounds according to the invention are in

general carried out in a temperature of from about -30°C to about 110°C, preferably from about -10°C to about 50°C. The manufacturing processes are in general carried out at

normal pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the processes at elevated pressure or at reduced pressure (e.g. in a range from 0.5 to 5 bar).

Suitable solvents for the reaction with thiols or alcohols in this case are inert organic solvents which do not change under the reaction conditions. These preferably include ethers, such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, halogenated hydrocarbons such as

dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1 ,2-dichloroethane,

trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, 1 ,2-dichloroethylene or trichloroethylene, hydrocarbons

such as benzene, xylene, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane or petroleum fractions, nitromethane, dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile or hexamethylphosphoramide. It is also possible

to employ mixtures of the solvents. Dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide,

or dimethylsulfoxide is particularly preferred.

Bases useful in the synthesis process are, in general, inorganic or organic bases

including alkali metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide,

alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example barium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates such

as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, alkaline earth metal carbonates such as

calcium carbonate, or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides such as sodium or

potassium methoxide, sodium or potassium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide, or organic

amines (trialkyl(Cl-C6)amines) such as triethylamine, or heterocycles such as 1,4-

diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), pyridine,

dimethylaminopyridine, methylpiperidine or morpholine. It is also possible to employ alkali metals such as sodium and their hydrides such as sodium hydride as bases. Sodium and

potassium carbonate and triethylamine are preferred bases.

The base is employed in an amount from 1 mol to 5 mol, preferably from 1 mol to 3

mol, relative to 1 mol of the appropriate thiol or alcohol. Processes for preparing useful compositions of this invention are illustrated in

Examples 1-3.

The compounds of the present invention are useful for treating mammalian disorders

such as eating disorders, obesity, hypertension, depression, brain or bodily disorders, and

any other disorders mediated by NPY and the related Y5 receptor. It is preferred that the

method of this invention is used to treat obesity and eating disorders such as and bulimia.

Specifically, the method of this invention can be used to inhibit the onset of obesity and to

mediate the appetite in order to control and to reduce obesity mammals such as humans. It

is most preferred that the method of this invention is used to treat obesity in humans. The compounds of the present invention are useful for treating disorders mediated

by NPY via the Y5 receptor in mammals. For purposes of this disclosure, mammals

includes humans, livestock, zoo animals, laboratory animals, experimental animals and pets.

Livestock and related animals include, mammals such as cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats,

camels, water buffaloes, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer; fur-bearing animals such as

mink, chinchilla and raccoon; birds such as chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Laboratory

animals and experimental animals include mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, and pets

include dogs, cats, rats, mice, guinea pigs, pigs, and the like.

The compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals both

prophylactically and therapeutically by any administration protocol that is capable of

supplying at least one compound of this invention to a Y5 receptor. Non-limiting examples of useful administration protocols include orally, parenterally, dermally, transdermally,

rectally, nasally or by any other suitable pharmaceutical composition administration

protocol that is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art. The substituted α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compositions of this invention will

be administered in suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms. The pharmaceutical dosage form

will depend largely upon the administration protocol used. The term pharmaceutical dosage form refers to items such as tablets, capsules, liquids and powders, comprising Y5 receptor

inhibitors of this invention alone or in the presence of one or more pharmaceutical additives.

The choice of additives e.g., excipients and adjuvants again will depend largely upon the

chosen administration protocol.

The speed at which the useful compounds of this invention are take up by the body

may also be controlled by combining the useful compositions of this invention with suitable

pharmaceutical additives. For example, useful compounds may be combined with suitable

additives to give a sustained or delayed release formulation. Alternatively, the useful

compounds of this invention may be combined with additives to give an immediate or fast

release dosage form. The substituted α-alkoxy and α-thioalkoxyamide compositions of this

invention can also be incorporated into food products such as biscuits and cookies. In essence,

the compositions can be used as a dietary supplement to reduce or inhibit appetite. Those skilled in the pharmaceutical arts will recognize a wide variety of formulations and vehicles for administering compositions of this invention.

The administration protocol will largely dictate the final form and composition of

pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising the Y5 receptor antagonists of this invention. For

example, internal administration of compounds of this invention is effected, orally, in the

form of powders, tablets, capsules, pastes, drinks, granules, or solutions, suspensions and

emulsions which can be administered orally, or boli, in medicated food, or in drinking

water. Internal administration may also be accomplished using a timed release formulation including additives such as surfactant or starch coated capsules, or using a quick release formulation such as a freeze-dried fast dissolving tablet. Dermal administration is effected,

for example, in the form of transdermal patches, spraying or pouring-on and spotting-on.

Parenteral administration is effected, for example, in the form of injection (intramuscularly,

subcutaneously, intravenously, intraperitoneally) or by implants.

Suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms incorporating the Y5 receptor antagonists of

this invention include but are not limited to solutions such as solutions for injection, oral solutions, concentrates for oral administration after dilution, solutions for use on the skin or

in body cavities, pour-on and spot-on formulations, gels; emulsions and suspension for oral

or dermal administration and for injection; semi-solid preparations; formulations in which

the active compound is incorporated in cream base or in an oil-in- water or water-in-oil

emulsion base; solid preparations such as powders, premixes or concentrates, granules,

pellets, tablets, boli, capsules; aerosols and inhalants, and shaped articles containing active compound.

Pharmaceutical dosage forms that are solutions may be administered by injection

intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Solutions for injection are prepared by

dissolving the active compound in a suitable solvent and, if appropriate, adding adjuvants

such as solubilizers, acids, bases, buffer salts, antioxidants and preservatives. The solutions are sterile-filtered and drawn off.

Alternatively, solutions including compositions of this invention may be

administered orally. Concentrates of compositions of this invention are preferably

administered orally only after diluting the concentrate to the administration concentration.

Oral solutions and concentrates are prepared as described above in the case of the solutions

for injection. Solutions for use on the skin are applied dropwise, brushed on, rubbed in, splashed on or sprayed on. These solutions are prepared as described above in the case of solutions for injection.

Gels are applied to the skin, or introduced into body cavities. Gels are prepared by

treating solutions which have been prepared as described in the case of the solutions for

injection with such an amount of thickener that a clear substance of cream-like consistency

is formed, or by any other means known to one skilled in the art.

Pour-on and spot-on formulations are poured onto, or splashed onto, limited areas of

the skin, the active compound penetrating the skin and acting systemically. Pour-on and

spot-on formulations are prepared by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the active

compound in suitable solvents or solvent mixtures which are tolerated by the skin. If

appropriate, other adjuvants such as colorants, resoφtion accelerators, antioxidants, light

stabilizers, and tackifiers are added.

Emulsions can be administered orally, dermally or in the form of injections.

Emulsions are either of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in- water type. They are prepared by dissolving Y5 receptor antagonists either in the hydrophobic or in the hydrophilic phase

and homogenizing the phase with a solvent of the opposite phase with the aid of suitable

adjuvants such as emulsifiers, colorants, resoφtion accelerators, preservatives, antioxidants,

light stabilizers, and viscosity-increasing substances.

Suspensions can be administered orally, dermally or in the form of injection. They

are prepared by suspending the active compound in a liquid if appropriate with the addition

of further adjuvants such as wetting agents, colorants, resoφtion accelerators, preservatives, antioxidants and light stabilizers.

The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may include one or more

additives in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable additives. Useful additives include solvents, solubilizers, preservatives, thickeners, wetting agents, colorants, resoφtion accelerators, antioxidants, light stabilizers, tackifiers, viscosity increasing substances, fillers,

flavorings, lubricating agents, and any other pharmaceutical composition additive known to

those skilled in the art.

The additive may be a solvent such as water, alcohols such as ethanol, butanol,

benzyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, N-methyl-pyrrolidone,

alkanols, glycerol, aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol,

phenoxyethanol, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, ethers such as

alkylene glycol alkyl ethers such as dipropylene glycol mono-methyl ether, diethylene

glycol mono-butyl ether, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic and/or

aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable or synthetic oils, DMF, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-

pyrrolidone, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxy-methylene-l ,3-dioxolane.

The following additives may be useful as solubilizers of the compositions of this

invention: solvents which enhance solution of the active compound in the main solvent or

which prevent its precipitation. Examples are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethylated sorbitan esters.

Useful preservatives are, for example, benzyl alcohol, trichlorobutanol, p- hydroxybenzoic esters, and n-butanol.

Useful thickeners include inorganic thickeners such as bentonite, colloidal silica,

aluminum monostearate, organic thickeners such as cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers, acrylates and methacrylates.

Other liquids which may be useful in pharmaceutical dosage forms of this invention

are, for example, homogeneous solvents, solvent mixtures, and wetting agents (dispersants) which are typically surfactants. Useful colorants are all colorants which are non-toxic and which can be dissolved or

suspended.

Useful resoφtion accelerators are DMSO, spreading oils such as isopropyl

myristate. dipropylene glycol pelargonate, silicone oils, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, fatty

alcohols.

Useful antioxidants are sulphites or metabisulphites such as potassium

metabisulphite. ascorbic acid, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, tocopherol.

A useful light stabilizer is novantisolic acid.

Useful tackifiers include cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, polyacrylates,

natural polymers such as alginates, gelatin.

Useful emulsifiers include non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylated castor oil,

polyoxyethylated sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, glycerol monostearate,

polyoxyethyl stearate, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers; ampholytic surfactants such as Di-Na

N-lauryl- beta -iminodipropionate or lecithin; anionic surfactants, such as Na-lauryl

sulphate, fatty alcohol ether sulphates, the monoethanolamine salt of

mono/dialkylpolyglycol ether orthophosphoric esters; cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.

Useful viscosity-increasing substances and substances which stabilize a therapeutic

emulsion include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose and starch

derivatives, polyacrylates, alginates, gelatin, gum Arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl

alcohol, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols,

waxes, colloidal silica or mixtures of the substances mentioned.

To prepare solid pharmaceutical dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with suitable additives, if appropriate with the addition of adjuvants, and the mixture is formulated as desired. Examples of physiologically acceptable solid inert additives include sodium chloride, carbonates such as calcium carbonate, hydrogen carbonates, aluminum

oxides, silicas, clays, precipitated or colloidal silicon dioxide, and phosphates. Examples of solid organic additives include sugars, cellulose, foods such as dried milk, animal meals,

cereal meals and coarse cereal meals and starches. Other suitable additives include

lubricants and gliding agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, bentonites;

disintegrants such as starch or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone; binders such as, starch,

gelatin or linear polyvinylpyrrolidone; and dry binders such as microcrystalline cellulose.

In the pharmaceutical dosage forms described herein, the active compounds can be

present in the form of a mixture with at least one other Y5 receptor antagonist compound.

Alternatively, or in addition, the pharmaceutical dosage forms of the invention can, in

addition to at least one Y5 receptor antagonist, include any pharmaceutical compound that is

capable of treating any known malady or disorder where the administration of both together

create no unacceptable adverse effects.

Methods for treating NPY mediated diseases and disorders comprises the administration of an effective quantity of the chosen compound or combinations thereof,

preferably dispersed in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Ready-to-use pharmaceutical dosage

forms of this invention contain the active compound in concentrations of from 10 ppm to 20

per cent by weight, and preferably of from 0.1 to 10 per cent by weight. Pharmaceutical

dosage forms of this invention that are diluted prior to administration, preferably contain

the active compound in concentrations of from 0.5 to 90 per cent by weight, and preferably

of from 5 to 50 per cent by weight. In general, it has proved advantageous to administer

amounts of approximately 0.0 lmg to approximately 100 mg of active compound per kg of body weight per day to achieve effective results. The amount and frequency of administration of pharmaceutical dosage forms

comprising Y5 receptor antagonists of this invention will be readily determined by one

skilled in the art depending upon, among other factors, the route of administration, age and condition of the patient. These dosage units may be administered one to ten times daily for

acute or chronic disease. No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when

compounds of the invention are administered in accordance with the present invention.

The pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising Y5 receptor antagonists of this

invention are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling,

mixing, granulation, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling,

mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms. When a liquid additive is used, the

preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous

suspension. Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a

soft gelatin capsule.

While the compositions described herein may be administered as described above, (i.e., intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous etc .), it is preferred that the method of

this invention is achieved by administering the compound described herein orally. When

the oral administration route is chosen, a larger quantity of reactive agent will be required to

produce the same effect as a smaller quantity given for example parenterally. In accordance

with good clinical practice, it is preferred to administer the compound according to this

method at a concentration level that would produce effective therapeutic results without causing any harmful side effects.

The compositions of this invention have non-therapeutic utility as well. The

compositions of this invention are useful as analytical standards for Y5 receptor agonist or antagonist assays. Compounds 1-136 identified in the Examples and in Tables 1 and 2 below are

believed heretofore to be unknown. Known compounds that may be useful in the novel

therapeutic method of this invention are disclosed in Table 4 below and are available from

Maybridge SPB in Tintagel, Cornwall, Great Britain, from G&J Research Chemicals, Ltd.,

Great Britain, or are known in the literature.

EXAMPLES

The following specific examples are included as illustrations and are not to be construed

as limiting the scope of the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

The compounds useful in the therapeutic method of this invention are prepared by

conventional methods of organic chemistry. Unless otherwise noted, reagents and

solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and were used without further

purification.

The following solvent systems were used for analytical thin-layer chromatography

(TLC): (A) 50:50 hexane-ethyl acetate, (B) 80:20 methanol-water, (C) 40:60 ethyl acetate-

dichloromethane, (D) ethyl acetate, (E) 90:10 chloroform-methanol. TLC was performed

on Merck Kieselgel 60 F254 silica gel plates (solvent systems A, C, D, and E); or, Baker

Reversed Phase Octadecyl (Ci8) plates (solvent system B). Detection was effected by

exposure to UV light (254 nm) or by immersion in basic aqueous potassium permanganate

solution. Chromatography was performed using Silica Gel 60 (#9385-5) from EM Science. Melting points were recorded in open capillary tubes and are uncorrected.

H NMR spectra were determined at 300 MHz using a General Electric GE-

OMEGA 300 spectrometer. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (δ) values

relative to tetrame hylsilane as internal standard. Spin multiplicities are reported using the following abbreviations: singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), multiplet (m), and

broad (br). Coupling constants are in Hertz.

Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra were recorded using a Kratos Concept 1 spectrometer; electron impact (El) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra were

recorded using a Hewlett-Packard MS Engine (HP5989A) spectrometer; liquid

chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS) were recorded using a Finningan MAT LCQ

spectrometer.

Rainin high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems with UV detectors

at 254 nm were used under the following conditions: (N) Ci8 Reversed Phase Cartridge

Column (Perkin Elmer/PE Xpress #0258-0164); 20:80 (0.1 :99.9 trifluoroacetic acid-

acetonitrile)-(0.1 :2:97.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile-water) to 95:5 (0.1:99.9

trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile)-(0.1 :2:97.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile-water) over 8

minutes, 95:5 (0.1:99.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile)-(0.1 :2:97.9 trifluoroacetic acid- acetonitrile-water) for 2 minutes; 3 mL/min. (O) Rainin Microsorb 80-225-C5 Ci8

Reversed Phase column with Microsorb 80-200-G5 C]8 Reversed Phase guard column;

50:50 (0.1 :99.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile)-(0.1 :2:97.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile-

water) to 100:0 (0.1 :99.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile)-(0.1 :2:97.9 trifluoroacetic acid-

acetonitrile-water) over 5 minutes, 0.1 :99.9 trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile for 5 minutes; 1 mL/min. EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of Intermediate - N-Biphenyl-2-chloroacetamide

Intermediates to the compositions of this invention were prepared according to the

method of this Example. Specifically, an N-biphenyl-2-chloroacetamide intermediate was

prepared as follows:

4-Aminobiphenyl (1.13 g, 6.70 mmol) was added to a mixture of chloroacetyl chloride

(0.532 mL, 6.70 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.16 mL, 6.70 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL). After 4 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and

washed with 1 N hydrochloric acid, water, and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution,

dried (MgS04), and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired material as a colorless solid

(1.56 g, 95%). H NMR (CDCI3, 300 MHz) δ 8.3 (br s, 1 H), 7.57 - 7.66 (m, 6 H), 7.44 -

7.47 (m, 2 H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (s, 2 H).

Using the same or analogous methods, intermediates were prepared that were subsequently used according to the methods set forth in the Examples below to synthesize compounds of this invention. EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of Compound 1

N-Biphenyl-4-yl-2-(l-methyl-lH-imidazoI-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide

Compound 1 was prepared according to the following general method:

Compound 1

A mixture of 2-mercapto-l-methylimidazole (294 mg, 2.6 mmol), potassium

carbonate (391 mg, 2.8 mmol), and N-biphenyl-2-chloroacetamide (630 mg, 2.6 mmol;

from Example 1) in N,N-dimethylformamide (12 mL) was stirred overnight. The mixture

was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with

water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgS04), and concentrated in

vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography using a gradient

(chloroform, 5% methanol / chloroform, 10% methanol / chloroform) to give the desired

material as a colorless solid (560 mg, 67%): mp 151-154°C. ^!H NMR DMSO-dβ, 300

MHz) δ 10.44 (s, 1 H), 7.58-7.66 (m, 6 H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (m, 1 H), 6.95

(s, 1 H), 3.52 (s, 2 H), 3.35 (s, 3 H). FAB-MS 324 (M + H⁺).

The compounds in Table 1, below, were prepared by methods analogous to the method used above to prepare Compound 1. TABLE 1

MP

Composition Name % Yield TLC MS (°C) ι4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl]-N-(4- ;trifluoromet yl-phenyl)-acetamide ^'N-(4-CycIohexyi-phenyl)-2-(1-methyl- 176- lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide 0.40 (D), 329 (M+, El), 177 IHydrochloride .. ^ .^g^ _ ^™_p_^-g ^ |y_ :(i H -ifrϊid azo I-; .^~*33β(M+H+,^'

79 0.30 (A)

;ylsulfanyl)-acetamide FAB) _ιN-(4-Cyclo exyl-plιenyl)-2-(4-m^"eTlϊyT

342(M+H+,

;pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide 52 158 I 0.61 (A) FAB) iHydrochloride ^~r2^^:T^ή^xy-penfaϊe^"diό^"ic^crd^"&is^"^~

'tolylamide ^~*"2-P7ϊe ny lsul&nyT-p h f a n eHToTc^~ac icT bis-phenylamide

EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of Compound 8

N-(4-CyclohexyI-phenyl)-2-(l-methyl-lH-tetrazoI-5-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide

Compound 8 was prepared according to both of the following methods:

Compound 8 Method A

A mixture of N-(4-cyclohexyl-phenyl)-2-bromoacetamide (1.48 g, 5.0 mmol), 5-

mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (0.58 g, 5.0 mmol), and sodium carbonate (530 mg, 5.0 mmol)

in dimethylsulfoxide (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture

was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO4), and

concentrated to give a solid (3.75 g). The crude was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give N-(4-cyclohexyl-phenyl)-2-(l -methyl- lH-tetrazol-5-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide as a colorless

solid (1.18 g, 71%): mp 204-205°C; ^!H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.26 (br s, 1 H), 7.44

(d, 2 H), 7.15 (d, 2 H), 4.05 (s, 3 H), 3.96 (s, 2 H), 2.45 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (m, 5 H), 1.37 (m, 5

H). MS m/z 332 (M+H⁺ ); Anal Calcd for C16H21N5OS: C, 57.98; H, 6.39; N, 21.13.

Found: C, 58.01 ; H, 6.34; N, 21.32.

Method B

A mixture of N-(4-cyclohexyl-phenyl)-2-bromoacetamide (29.6 mg, 0.10 mmol), 5- mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (1 1.6 mg, 0.10 mmol), and potassium carbonate (13.8 mg, 0.1

mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (1.0 mL) was stirred 1 hour. The mixture was filtered through

a short pad of Celite in a pasteur pipette. TLC Ry 0.28 (silica gel, 50:50 hexane / ethyl

acetate); HPLC 4.53 min (C18 Cartridge column (Perkin Elmer/PE Xpress #0258-0164)

20:80 Acetonitrile / water to 95:5 acetonitrile / water); LC-MS 332 (M + H⁺). The filtrate was tested directly in the in vitro biological assays.

If desired, the pure compound could be isolated: The filtrate was diluted with water

and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2x), dried (MgSθ4), and concentrated to give a solid (31 mg). The crude product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the product as a colorless

solid (19 mg, 58%). mp 203-205°C; the NMR was identical to that of the material prepared by Method A; and, in TLC analysis using 50:50 hexane-ethyl acetate, the product

co-eluted with the material prepared using Method A.

The compounds listed in Table 2, below, were prepared by methods analogous to the methods used above to prepare compound 8. NR in Table 2 indicates no data was recorded.

TABLE 2

EXAMPLE 4

The compounds prepared in Examples 2-3 as well as the prior art compounds set

forth in Table 4, below, were tested for NPY Y5 receptor binding affinity according to one

or more of the protocols set forth below. The test results are reported in Table 3, below.

A. Human NPY1 Receptor Binding Assay

This is a modification of Gordon et al., (J. Neurochem. 55:506-513, 1990). SK-N-

MC cells (ATCC, Rockville, MD) were plated in 24-well plates. Once confluent, cells are rinsed with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS). Cells were then preincubated in

binding buffer containing serum-free DMEM, 25 mM HEPES (pH 7.3), 0.5%> bovine serum

albumin (BSA), 0.1%) bacitracin and 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride for 30 minutes

at room temperature. Drug dilution and [125FJPYY (-50 pM: NEN-DuPont) are added to

the wells, and the cells are incubated for an additional 3 hours at room temperature,

followed by rinsing with ice-cold DPBS. Nonspecific binding is defined with 1 μM NPY.

After lysing the cells with 1% Triton X-100, the amount of radioactivity in the lysates is

quantitated with a gamma counter. IC50 values, which correspond to 50%. inhibition of

specific binding, are determined with non-linear regression analysis. The results of compounds tested according to this protocol are reported in Table 3.

B. Human NPY2 and NPY4 PP1 Recentor Binding Assays

Binding assays were performed on GF/C Millipore 96-well plates pretreated with

0.02%) polyethylenimine. The binding buffer for rat Y2 binding is Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (pH 7.4) containing 0.01% BSA and 0.005%> bacitracin. Samples consist of membrane protein, 25 pM [125IJPYY and drug dilution. Nonspecific binding is defined by

1 μM NPY. The binding buffer for human Y4/PP1 binding consists of 137 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KC1, 0.44 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.26 mM CaCl₂, 0.81 mM MgSO₄, 20 mM HEPES, 1 mM

dithiothreitol, 0.1%) bacitracin, 100 mg/1 streptomycin sulfate, 1 mg/1 aprotinin, 10 mg/ml

soybean trypsin inhibitor and 0.3% BSA, pH 7.4. Samples consist of membrane protein, 50

pM human [125I]human PP (hPP: NEN DuPont, Boston, MA) and drug dilution. 1 μM

hPP is used to define nonspecific binding.

After a 2 hour incubation at room temperature with constant mixing, the samples are

aspirated on a vacuum manifold, and rinsed with ice-cold binding buffer. The amount of

radioactivity in each well is quantitated with either gamma counting or liquid scintillation.

IC50 values, which correspond to 50% inhibition of specific binding, are determined with

non-linear regression analysis. The results of compounds tested according to this protocol are reported in Table 3.

C. Human and Rat NPY5 Receptor Binding Assays

Binding assays are performed on GF/C Millipore 96-well plates pretreated with

0.02% polyethylenimine. The binding buffer is 25 mM Tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KC1, 1.2

mM KH₂P0₄, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, 1.2 mM MgSO₄, 0.1% BSA and 0.5 mg/ml bacitracin, pH 7.4.

Samples consist of membrane protein, 75-100 pM [125I]PYY (porcine, NEN-DuPont) and

drug dilution. Nonspecific binding is defined by 1 μM PYY. After a 2 hour incubation at

room temperature with constant mixing, the samples are aspirated on a vacuum manifold, and rinsed with ice-cold binding buffer. The amount of radioactivity in each well is

quantitated with either gamma counting or liquid scintillation. IC50 values, which correspond to 50%> inhibition of specific binding, are determined with non-linear regression

analysis. The results of compounds tested according to this protocol are reported in Table 3.

D. Rat NYP5 Cyclase Assay (In Vitro Functional Assay)

Cells stably expressing the rat NPY5 receptor are resuspended in serum-free DMEM

containing 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4) and 1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). 1 μM

forskolin and drug dilution are then added to the cells. After a 20 minute incubation of the

samples at 37°C, the assay is stopped by placing the samples in boiling water for 3 minutes.

The cAMP produced in each sample is quantitated with a radioimmunoassay kit (NEN

DuPont). Data are expressed as a percentage of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase. The

results of compounds tested according to this protocol are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3

* percent inhibition at lOμM.

Compounds 137 - 188, each tested according to one or more assays set forth in this

Example are known compounds. The name of each known compound and its source is set forth in Table 4 immediately below. TABLE 4

EXAMPLE 5

This example describes the preparation of a tablet that includes composition 1 as prepared in Example 2.

Formulation of a coated tablet according to the invention Each tablet contains:

Compound 1 of Example 2 583.0 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 55.0 mg Corn starch 72.0 mg

Poly ( 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) 30.0 mg Highly dispersed silica 5.0 mg Magnesium stearate 5.0 mg

Total 750.0 mg The tablet coating contains:

Poly(O-hydroxypropyl O-methyl)-cellulose 15 cp 6.0 mg

Macrogol 4000 rec. INN 2.0 mg (polyethylene glycol DAB) 2.0 mg

Titanium(IV) oxide 10.0 mg

While the present invention has been described by means of specific embodiments, it will be understood that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the

invention. The scope of the invention is not to be considered as limited by the description of the invention set forth in the specification and examples.

Claims

What we claim is:

1. A method for treating mammalian disorders mediated by the NPY Y5

receptor comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at

least one compound having the formula:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R,-R₅ are each individually selected

acyl, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl,

substituted heterocycle, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzothiophene, furan, fluoride, nitro,

cyano, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene and dibenzofuran, and

wherein X is oxygen or sulfur.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein R' is selected from the group of

substituents including lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl,

benzothiophene, furan, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene, dibenzofuran and fluorine.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein R¹ is: phenyl that is substituted with one or more substituents including phenyl, cyanophenyl, halogens including fluoride,

chloride , iodide, and bromide, thiophene, perfluoroalkyl, cyclohexyl, alkoxy, benzoyl, a

branched or straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 or more carbon atoms; naphthyl; substituted naphthyl; fluorene; substituted fluorene; and dibenzofuran.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein R² is selected from the group hydrogen, an unsubstituted alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a substituted alkyl

wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein R³ and R⁴ are each individually

selected from the group hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, and phenyl.

6. The method according to claim 5 wherein R³ and R⁴ are each individually

selected from hydrogen, -CH₃, unsubstituted phenyl, and from phenyl that is substituted

with halogen, with an alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atom, and with an alkyl group

having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein R¹ and R² taken together with an adjacent

nitrogen atom form a 3 to 7 atom heterocycle.

8. The method according to claim 1 wherein R⁵ is: a lower alkyl; a substituted

lower alkyl wherein the substituted lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more

substituents selected from the group including hydroxyl, mercaptomethylphenyl, furan, and

phenyl substituted up to three times with a methyl group; N-methylpiperdine; phenyl

optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, aminoacyl,

hydroxyl or fluoro group; pyridine; pyridine N-oxide; unsubstituted pyrimidine; pyrimidine

substituted with from one to three substituents selected from the group including lower

alkyl, hydroxyl, nitroso, amino, trifluoromethyl, and thiol; 1,3,5-triazine substituted up to

two times with amino, thiol, or a mixture thereof; 4,5-dihydrothiazole; phenyl substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole; 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted with phenyl or with 2,4-

dichlorophenoxyethyl; 1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted with amino, an aminoalkyl group

having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and with lower alkyl; unsubstituted imidazole; imidazole

that is substituted with one or more substituents including lower alkyl, phenyl, chloride substituted phenyl, hydroxymethyl, carboalkoxy, and mixtures thereof; 4,5- dihydroimidazole; lower alkyl substituted 4, 5-dihydroimidazole; 1,2,4-triazole; 1, 2, 4-

triazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl. unsubstituted thiazole,

thiazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl or 5-methylisoxazole thereof, lower alkyl substituted isoxazole, furan, unsubstituted imidazole, imidazole that is

substituted with one or more substituents including lower alkyl, thioalkoxy,

thiophenylsufanylmethyl, thiophenylmethyl, 4-methyl-5-(3-methylsulfanyl-6; 7-

more substituents including alkoxy, chloride, trifluoromethyl or mixtures thereof, amino, trifluoromethyl, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl that is substituted with alkoxy, chloride,

trifluoromethyl and mixtures thereof, 2, 2-dimethoxyethyl, 2-oxo-5-trifluormethyl-2H- pyridin-1 -methyl or hydroxy; 3 -fluorophenyl substituted 5-oxo-l, 2, 4 triazole;

unsubstituted tetrazole; tetrazole substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, or hydroxy

thereof; unsubstituted benzothiazole; benzothiazole that is substituted with alkoxy or chloride; benzooxazole; unsubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin; amine substituted

pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; amine substituted 1,2,4-

triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine bi-substituted with unsubstitued or

substituted lower alkyl or bi-substituted with unsubstituted or substituted pyridine that when

substituted is mono- or bi-substituted with amine, hydroxy, 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-

hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof; 4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazoline;

quinazoline; quinoline; and trifluoromethyl substituted quinoline.

9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical result is

selected from obesity and eating disorders.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the mammal is a human and the

eating disorder is selected from the group consisting of bulimia and obesity.

11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical result is the

treatment of obesity related disorders.

12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the mammal is a human.

13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the therapeutically effective

amount ranges from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg weight of the mammal.

14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the composition is administered orally in the form of a solution.

15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the composition is administered

orally in the form of a tablet.

16. A composition of matter having the formula:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R'-R⁵ are each individually selected

substituted heterocycle, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloheteroalkyl, nitro, or cyano, X is oxygen or sulfur, except that R¹ is not any compound that is used in the R¹ position of compounds 137-188 of Table 4.

17. The composition of claim wherein R' is selected from the group of

benzothiophene, furan naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, fluorene, substituted fluorene,

dibenzofuran, and fluorine.

18. The composition of claim 16 wherein R¹ is: phenyl that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with one or more substituents including phenyl, cyanophenyl, halogens

including fluoride, chloride, and bromide, thiophene, perfluoroalkyl, cyclohexyl, alkoxy,

benzoyl, iodide, a branched or straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 6 or more carbon

atoms; naphthyl; substituted naphthyl; fluorene; substituted fluorene; and dibenzofuran.

19. The composition according to claim 16 wherein R³ and R⁴ are each

individually selected from the group hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, and

phenyl.

20. The composition according to claim 16 wherein R³ and R⁴ are each individually selected from hydrogen, -CH₃, unsubstituted phenyl, and from phenyl that is

substituted with halogen, with an alkoxy having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and with an alkyl

group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

21. The composition of claim 16 wherein R¹ and R² taken together with an

adjacent nitrogen atom form a 3 to 7 atom heterocycle.

22. The composition of claim 16 wherein R⁵ is: a lower alkyl; a substituted

phenyl substituted up to three times with a methyl group; N-methylpiperdine; phenyl optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, aminoacyl, hydroxyl or fluoro group; pyridine; pyridine N-oxide; unsubstituted pyrimidine; pyrimidine

alkyl, hydroxyl, nitroso, amino, trifluoromethyl, and thiol; 1,3,5-triazine substituted up to two times with amino, thiol, or a mixture thereof; 4,5-dihydrothiazole; phenyl substituted

1,2,4-oxadiazole; 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted with phenyl or with 2,4-

that is substituted with one or more substituents including lower alkyl, phenyl, chloride

substituted phenyl, hydroxymethyl, carboalkoxy, and mixtures thereof; 4,5-

dihydroimidazole; lower alkyl substituted 4, 5-dihydroimidazole; 1,2,4-triazole; 1, 2, 4-

triazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl, unsubstituted thiazole,

thiazole that is mono-substituted or bi-substituted with lower alkyl or 5-methylisoxazole

thereof, lower alkyl substituted isoxazole, furan, unsubstituted imidazole, imidazole that is

substituted with one or more substituents including lower alkyl, thioalkoxy, thiophenylsufanylmethyl, hiophenylmethyl, 4-methyl-5-(3-methylsulfanyl-6; 7-

pyridin-1 -methyl or hydroxy; 3-fluorophenyl substituted 5-oxo-l, 2, 4 triazole;

unsubstituted tetrazole; tetrazole substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl, or hydroxy substituted phenyl; unsubstituted benzoimidazole; benzoimidazole that is substituted with

pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; amine substituted 1,2,4- triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine; l,2,4-triazolo[l,5a]pyrimidine bi-substituted with unsubstitued or substituted lower alkyl or bi-substituted with unsubstituted or substituted pyridine that when

substituted is mono- or bi-substituted with amine, hydroxy, 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-

quinazoline; quinoline; and trifluoromethyl substituted quinoline.

23. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the composition of claim 16 and

at least one additive.

24. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 23 wherein the pharmaceutical

dosage form is administered by a method selected from oral administration, dermal administration, injection, via an implant, by inhalation, intravenously, and by suppository.