WO1998022991A1 - Fuell cell arrangement - Google Patents

Fuell cell arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998022991A1
WO1998022991A1 PCT/NO1997/000303 NO9700303W WO9822991A1 WO 1998022991 A1 WO1998022991 A1 WO 1998022991A1 NO 9700303 W NO9700303 W NO 9700303W WO 9822991 A1 WO9822991 A1 WO 9822991A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor modules
installation according
electrochemical
gases
reactor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1997/000303
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kåre KLØV
Per Sundal
Original Assignee
Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S filed Critical Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S
Priority to AU50710/98A priority Critical patent/AU5071098A/en
Publication of WO1998022991A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998022991A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H01M2300/0071—Oxides
    • H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrochemical installation for exothermic processes comprising a number of reactor modules, especially fuel cells, surrounded by heat insulating wall, top and bottom parts, and with conductor devices for supplying and draining of gases to/from the reactor modules, as well as at least one support unit for treating or affecting the gas during the operation of the installation.
  • Electrochemical techniques are used for a number of purposes, for direct production of electrical energy from chemical energy, and for different precisely controlled chemical processes. Because of their high efficiency and easy handling this type of installations are used in an increasing degree.
  • EP patent application 398,111 an electrochemical high temperature plant is described for converting chemical energy directly into electrical energy.
  • the plant has a cylindrical form where methane gas is supplied into the centre of and thereafter through 4 fuel cells where it reacts with supplied oxygen producing among other things water and carbon dioxide, which is pressed outward and brought out to the outside of the fuel cells.
  • Part of the exhaust gases is brought back and through the fuel cells again, in order to, through a catalyst, pretreat the supplied gases by performing the endothermic reactions CH 4 +C0 2 ⁇ 2CO+2H 2 and CH 4 +H 2 0 ⁇ CO+3H 3 , so that the utilization factor in the fuel cells is increased.
  • the electrochemical processes are sensitive to temperature. To obtain a stable process in an installation comprising more than one reactor modules it is therefore suitable to obtain as evenly distributed, and relatively high, temperature as possible for each of the fuel cells. It is therefore also an object of this invention to provide an installation which in a simple way obtains a homogeneous distribution of the temperature in the reactor.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical section of an electrochemical installation according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the same installation as is shown in figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a detail of the installation.
  • the drawings show an embodiment of an electrochemical installation 1 comprising reactor modules 2, surrounding a central room.
  • two support units 6,7 are provided, which in this case constitutes an afterburner 7 and a heat exchanger 6.
  • the installation also comprises conductors for supplying of fuel and for outlet of exhaust gases .
  • the reactor modules may be of different types, for different chemical processes, but in the shown drawings it is assumed that the are adapted to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • Such fuel cells are often mounted in stacks 2.
  • the gases for example natural gas or methane and air, is lead into the fuel cells through different pipes and react with each other in the fuel cells to, in a per se known way, be converted to electrical current and heat.
  • the reactor modules 2 are preferably positioned such that they surround a central room. Preferably they are symmetrically positioned, and preferably with rotational symmetry, in relation to the central axis.
  • the distribution may vary with the number of reactor modules and the total size of the installation, but the chosen distribution is preferably the one being most compact, and at the same time giving room for the support units 6,7 in the central room.
  • the number of reactor modules will vary depending on the size and use of the installation, but considering the desired geometry of the central room and the support units to be positioned inside it, the smallest suitable number is four. It is, however, possible, and within the scope of this invention, to reduce the number of reactor modules to three. The latter will, however, normally not be optimal, because the size of the central room becomes to small, or the distance between the reactor modules to large, so that thermic convection arises in the reactor, with a resulting cooling effect. This may possibly be compensated for using dividing walls.
  • the positions reactor modules are adapted to provide an opening area between them being less than 50%, and preferably 30%, of the area of the part of the module facing toward the central room.
  • the shape of the central room per se into which the support unit(s) is to be placed may preferably be defined in the following way. A line is drawn from the geometrical centre of the, reactor module (s) being positioned closest to te centre, to the geometrical centre of the nearest reactor module in the same horizontal plane, and then further from there around the central room back to the first module.
  • the warm exhaust gases are conducted out of the fuel cells to an afterburner 7 which may be provided with its own supply of fuel 10.
  • the afterburner 7 ensures that the combustion of the supplied gases is complete, and thus also an additional heating of the exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust gases are lead further to a heat exchanger 6, where the warm exhaust gases interact with the gases supplied to the installation in order to increase their temperature. This way the need for other warming of the installation at so called high temperature processes is reduced.
  • the heat exchangers may be of any known kind being suitable for placing in the installation.
  • the reactor modules are surrounded by insulating wall, top and bottom parts 3 hindering loss of heat to the environment and thus securing control over the temperature in the process. To minimize the inner volume being defined by these parts 3 they are positioned as close to the reactor modules as possible. This gives an octagonal cross section in the drawings. A circular cross section may also be contemplated, but will usually not be suitable because of the shapes of the other elements in the installation, and the requirement for the installation to be compact.
  • top and bottom parts 3 may be provided with electrical heating elements 8. These may be useful when starting high temperature processes.
  • the insulating wall, top and bottom parts 3 are in the drawings surrounded by a frame 9, which may comprise ventilation and pipe system for supply and removal of gases.
  • Figure 3 shows in detail how the fuel cells 2, the heat exchanger 6 and possibly the afterburner 7 are coupled in an installation according to the invention, being used to produce electrical energy through burning of gases.
  • Fuel and air are conducted in through the pipes, 4A and 4B, respectively, to the heat exchanger, which comprises a circuit for heating the fuel 6A, and comprises a circuit for heating air 6B. From the heat exchanger the heated gases are conducted through separate conductors 11,12 to the fuel cell 2.
  • the fuel cell 2 is provided electrical outlet and inlet conductors 15,16. From the fuel cells the exhaust gases from the air and fuel supply through separate pipes
  • the afterburner 7 may possibly be provided with extra fuel through a channel 10 to give a combustion being as efficient as possible.
  • the exhaust gases are then conducted through the heat exchanger 6A, 6B for heating of the incoming gases, and is thereafter conducted out of the plant through the exhaust pipe 5.
  • the installation may comprise other support units.
  • it may comprise a device for partial recirculation of the exhaust gases, or devices for pre-treating (pre- reformatting) of the provided gases.

Abstract

Electrochemical installation for exothermic processes comprising a number of reactor modules, especially fuel cells, surrounded by heat insulating wall, top and bottom parts, as well as at least one support unit for treating or affecting of gas during operation of the installation, for example a gas-heat exchanger, and with conducting devices for supplying and outlet of gases to/from the reactor modules. The reactor modules are positioned inside the wall parts for providing a central boom being essentially surrounded by the reactor modules, and at least one support unit being positioned in said central room.

Description

FUELL CELL ARRANGEMENT
The present invention relates to an electrochemical installation for exothermic processes comprising a number of reactor modules, especially fuel cells, surrounded by heat insulating wall, top and bottom parts, and with conductor devices for supplying and draining of gases to/from the reactor modules, as well as at least one support unit for treating or affecting the gas during the operation of the installation. Electrochemical techniques are used for a number of purposes, for direct production of electrical energy from chemical energy, and for different precisely controlled chemical processes. Because of their high efficiency and easy handling this type of installations are used in an increasing degree.
Many different embodiments of such electrochemical installations are known. In Norwegian patent 175,712 a plurality of different types are mentioned, especially for converting methane or natural gas to synthesis gas in reactors being provided with membranes leading negative ions of oxygen, where air is provided from one side of the membrane material and causes a transportation of oxygen anions through the material, and where natural is provided on the other side of the membrane material and brought to react with the oxygen. In addition to the production of synthesis gases it is mentioned that electrical power may also be drawn from such processes.
In EP patent application 398,111 an electrochemical high temperature plant is described for converting chemical energy directly into electrical energy. The plant has a cylindrical form where methane gas is supplied into the centre of and thereafter through 4 fuel cells where it reacts with supplied oxygen producing among other things water and carbon dioxide, which is pressed outward and brought out to the outside of the fuel cells. Part of the exhaust gases is brought back and through the fuel cells again, in order to, through a catalyst, pretreat the supplied gases by performing the endothermic reactions CH4+C02→2CO+2H2 and CH4+H20→CO+3H3, so that the utilization factor in the fuel cells is increased.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical installation having a high efficiency, and in addition being compact.
The electrochemical processes are sensitive to temperature. To obtain a stable process in an installation comprising more than one reactor modules it is therefore suitable to obtain as evenly distributed, and relatively high, temperature as possible for each of the fuel cells. It is therefore also an object of this invention to provide an installation which in a simple way obtains a homogeneous distribution of the temperature in the reactor.
To generate electrical currents from the supplied gases high temperatures are often used, and the installation must, at least when starting, be supplied with heat. In addition it is advantageous if the supplied gases are heated before they are lead into the fuel cells. The combustion process is in itself an exothermic reaction, so that the process, when it has started, keeps the high temperature. The gases being lead out of the installation will, of the same reason, hold a high temperature. It is an object of this invention to exploit this excess heat in an effective way.
The abovementioned objects are obtained using an electrochemical installation as described above, and characterized as described in claim 1.
The invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings . Figure 1 shows a vertical section of an electrochemical installation according to the invention.
Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the same installation as is shown in figure 1. Figure 3 shows a detail of the installation.
The drawings show an embodiment of an electrochemical installation 1 comprising reactor modules 2, surrounding a central room. In the central room two support units 6,7 are provided, which in this case constitutes an afterburner 7 and a heat exchanger 6. Around the reactor modules insulating wall, top and bottom parts 3 are positioned. The installation also comprises conductors for supplying of fuel and for outlet of exhaust gases .
The reactor modules may be of different types, for different chemical processes, but in the shown drawings it is assumed that the are adapted to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Such fuel cells are often mounted in stacks 2. The gases, for example natural gas or methane and air, is lead into the fuel cells through different pipes and react with each other in the fuel cells to, in a per se known way, be converted to electrical current and heat. To obtain an as even temperature distribution as possible the reactor modules 2 are preferably positioned such that they surround a central room. Preferably they are symmetrically positioned, and preferably with rotational symmetry, in relation to the central axis. The distribution may vary with the number of reactor modules and the total size of the installation, but the chosen distribution is preferably the one being most compact, and at the same time giving room for the support units 6,7 in the central room. The number of reactor modules will vary depending on the size and use of the installation, but considering the desired geometry of the central room and the support units to be positioned inside it, the smallest suitable number is four. It is, however, possible, and within the scope of this invention, to reduce the number of reactor modules to three. The latter will, however, normally not be optimal, because the size of the central room becomes to small, or the distance between the reactor modules to large, so that thermic convection arises in the reactor, with a resulting cooling effect. This may possibly be compensated for using dividing walls.
Of practical reasons, such as the possibilities for disassembling each reactor module, they will not be positioned close together. This will give a certain circulation inside the reactor, even if the reactor walls are insulated. For this reason the positions reactor modules are adapted to provide an opening area between them being less than 50%, and preferably 30%, of the area of the part of the module facing toward the central room. The shape of the central room per se into which the support unit(s) is to be placed may preferably be defined in the following way. A line is drawn from the geometrical centre of the, reactor module (s) being positioned closest to te centre, to the geometrical centre of the nearest reactor module in the same horizontal plane, and then further from there around the central room back to the first module.
According to the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2 the warm exhaust gases are conducted out of the fuel cells to an afterburner 7 which may be provided with its own supply of fuel 10. The afterburner 7 ensures that the combustion of the supplied gases is complete, and thus also an additional heating of the exhaust gases.
The exhaust gases are lead further to a heat exchanger 6, where the warm exhaust gases interact with the gases supplied to the installation in order to increase their temperature. This way the need for other warming of the installation at so called high temperature processes is reduced. The heat exchangers may be of any known kind being suitable for placing in the installation.
The reactor modules are surrounded by insulating wall, top and bottom parts 3 hindering loss of heat to the environment and thus securing control over the temperature in the process. To minimize the inner volume being defined by these parts 3 they are positioned as close to the reactor modules as possible. This gives an octagonal cross section in the drawings. A circular cross section may also be contemplated, but will usually not be suitable because of the shapes of the other elements in the installation, and the requirement for the installation to be compact.
To further increase the control over the installation the wall, top and bottom parts 3 may be provided with electrical heating elements 8. These may be useful when starting high temperature processes. The insulating wall, top and bottom parts 3 are in the drawings surrounded by a frame 9, which may comprise ventilation and pipe system for supply and removal of gases. Figure 3 shows in detail how the fuel cells 2, the heat exchanger 6 and possibly the afterburner 7 are coupled in an installation according to the invention, being used to produce electrical energy through burning of gases.
Fuel and air are conducted in through the pipes, 4A and 4B, respectively, to the heat exchanger, which comprises a circuit for heating the fuel 6A, and comprises a circuit for heating air 6B. From the heat exchanger the heated gases are conducted through separate conductors 11,12 to the fuel cell 2. The fuel cell 2 is provided electrical outlet and inlet conductors 15,16. From the fuel cells the exhaust gases from the air and fuel supply through separate pipes
13,14 to a combustion chamber 7, in which the remaining fuel is burnt . The afterburner 7 may possibly be provided with extra fuel through a channel 10 to give a combustion being as efficient as possible. The exhaust gases are then conducted through the heat exchanger 6A, 6B for heating of the incoming gases, and is thereafter conducted out of the plant through the exhaust pipe 5.
As indicated in the figures 1 and 2 several fuel cells may be connected to each heat exchanger and possible afterburner.
In addition to the ones shown in the drawings the installation may comprise other support units. For example it may comprise a device for partial recirculation of the exhaust gases, or devices for pre-treating (pre- reformatting) of the provided gases.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. Electrochemical installation for exothermic processes comprising a number of reactor modules, especially fuel cells, surrounded by heat insulating wall, top and bottom parts, as well as at least one support unit for treating or affecting of gas during operation of the installation, for example a gas-heat exchanger, and with conducting devices for supplying and outlet of gases to/from the reactor modules, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules are positioned inside the wall parts for providing a central room being essentially surrounded by the reactor modules, and at least one support unit being positioned in said central room.
2. Electrochemical installation according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules include racks of fuel cells.
3. Electrochemical installation according to claim 1 or 2 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the installation includes at least four reactor modules .
4. Electrochemical installation according to claim 1, 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules are positioned essentially symmetrically in relation to the vertical axis of the room.
5. Electrochemical installation according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules are positioned with a polygonal distribution around the axis of the room, especially a regular polygon.
6. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules are positioned around the central room with a distance between them and thus defining an opening between the edges of the reactor modules, and that each of the openings have an area being less than 50%, and preferably less than 30%, of the area of the part of each reactor module facing the central room.
7. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the support units being positioned completely inside the central room are positioned inside lines which may be drawn between the geometrical centre point for a reactor module bordering to the central room and the, in the horizontal plane, closest fuel cell also bordering to the central room.
8. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the wall parts of the installation in a horizontal section constitutes a polygonal shape being essentially symmetric around the axis of the central room.
9. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that inner surfaces of the wall parts comprise electrical heating elements.
10. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the reactor modules comprise fuel cells with oxygen anion conducting membranes and that the installation is adapted to convert hydrocarbons to synthesis gases by partial oxidation with oxygen from air.
11. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the conducting devices are lead into the central room.
12. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the exhaust gases from the reactor modules are conducted through suitable pipes through the heat exchanger for cooperation with the gases supplied to the reactor modules, and that the support units also comprises an afterburner mounted between the outlet of the reactor modules and the heat exchanger.
13. Electrochemical installation according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the support units comprises pre-treating means for pre-treating the supplied gases.
14. Electrochemical installation according to claim 13, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the pre-treating means includes recycling means for at least partial recycling of the exhaust gases .
15. Electrochemical installation according to claims 13 or 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the pre-treating means includes means for reformatting of the gases.
PCT/NO1997/000303 1996-11-18 1997-11-14 Fuell cell arrangement WO1998022991A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU50710/98A AU5071098A (en) 1996-11-18 1997-11-14 Fuell cell arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO964898 1996-11-18
NO964898A NO964898L (en) 1996-11-18 1996-11-18 Electrochemical plant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998022991A1 true WO1998022991A1 (en) 1998-05-28

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PCT/NO1997/000303 WO1998022991A1 (en) 1996-11-18 1997-11-14 Fuell cell arrangement

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AU (1) AU5071098A (en)
NO (1) NO964898L (en)
WO (1) WO1998022991A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1037296A1 (en) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 Sulzer Hexis AG Fuel cell stack with exhaust gases after-burning region at the periphery of the stack
AT408043B (en) * 1998-11-23 2001-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT
AT408041B (en) * 1998-10-08 2001-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT
WO2003107463A2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-24 Alstom Fuel cell operating cycles and systems
WO2023148004A1 (en) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel cell device, and fuel cell system having a plurality of fuel cell devices of said type

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3160528A (en) * 1961-11-30 1964-12-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Portable power plant
GB2156575A (en) * 1984-03-27 1985-10-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fuel cell protective systems
US5330858A (en) * 1991-05-30 1994-07-19 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Solid electrolyte type fuel cell power generation module and system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3160528A (en) * 1961-11-30 1964-12-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Portable power plant
GB2156575A (en) * 1984-03-27 1985-10-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fuel cell protective systems
US5330858A (en) * 1991-05-30 1994-07-19 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Solid electrolyte type fuel cell power generation module and system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 7, No. 27, (E-156); & JP,A,57 182 976 (HITACHI SEISAKUSHO K.K.), 11 November 1982. *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT408041B (en) * 1998-10-08 2001-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT
AT408043B (en) * 1998-11-23 2001-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT
DE19956220B4 (en) * 1998-11-23 2012-04-19 Vaillant Gmbh Method for operating a fuel cell assembly
EP1037296A1 (en) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 Sulzer Hexis AG Fuel cell stack with exhaust gases after-burning region at the periphery of the stack
US6432567B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2002-08-13 Sulzer Hexis Ag Fuel cell battery with afterburning at the periphery of a cell stack
WO2003107463A2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-24 Alstom Fuel cell operating cycles and systems
WO2003107463A3 (en) * 2002-06-13 2005-02-03 Alstom Fuel cell operating cycles and systems
WO2023148004A1 (en) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel cell device, and fuel cell system having a plurality of fuel cell devices of said type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO964898L (en) 1998-05-19
NO964898D0 (en) 1996-11-18
AU5071098A (en) 1998-06-10

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