WO1998013658A1 - Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof - Google Patents

Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998013658A1
WO1998013658A1 PCT/US1997/016676 US9716676W WO9813658A1 WO 1998013658 A1 WO1998013658 A1 WO 1998013658A1 US 9716676 W US9716676 W US 9716676W WO 9813658 A1 WO9813658 A1 WO 9813658A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid coolant
enclosed space
hollow metal
sidewall
cover assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/016676
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark Thomas Arthur
Eric Bellwood
Original Assignee
Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation filed Critical Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation
Priority to DE69717498T priority Critical patent/DE69717498T2/en
Priority to AU44873/97A priority patent/AU719331B2/en
Priority to BR9711558A priority patent/BR9711558A/en
Priority to EP97943390A priority patent/EP0958478B1/en
Priority to CA002267071A priority patent/CA2267071C/en
Priority to JP51573898A priority patent/JP4200189B2/en
Publication of WO1998013658A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998013658A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F27D1/1816—Removable covers specially adapted for arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a spray cooled roof for a metallurgical furnace, particularly a submerged arc furnace for the reduction of metal bearing oxidic ores, such as titanium ores
  • roof sectors are fabncated separately and then joined to provide a final unitary roof
  • Such roofs have been very effective with elect ⁇ c arc steel melting furnaces and other applications
  • the present invention is directed to a roof for a metallurgical furnace which comprises an assembly, of frusto-conical shape, which is formed of a plurality of separate, hollow metal sections arranged to be closely adjacent and define an inner opening through which an electrode
  • each hollow metal section is separately removable and installable, and each hollow metal section contains spray means connected to a header within the
  • each hollow metai section for spraying liquid coolant on the surfaces of the hollow metal section heated by the furnace, in particular, the bottom surface of the hollow metal section.
  • the header of each hollow metai section is independently provided with a source of coolant by way of a coolant supply conduit and at least one coolant drain conduit is provided to receive spent coolant from inside a hollow metal section.
  • a support member is provided at the lowermost portion of the hollow metal section to removably engage a portion of the circular peripheral sidewall of the metallurgical furnace. Support means are provided to give individual vertical support for each of the hollow metal sections.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation view, partly in section, of a spray cooled roof assembly in
  • Figure 1(A) is a fragmentary elevation view of a portion of the roof assembly of Figure 1
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a roof assembly in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2(A) is a fragmentary view of a portion of the roof assembly of Figure 2
  • Figure 3 is an elevation view of the assembly of Figure 2;
  • Figure 3(A) is venturi type pump which can be used in conjunction with the roof assembly
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view of a hollow metal sub-assembly of a spray cooled roof assembly in accordance with the present invention
  • a submerged arc electric furnace is indicated at 10 containing a solid charge 12 which includes a metal bearing ore, slag formers and reducing agent
  • An electrode 14 has its lower end submerged in the charge 12 and generates an arc 16 which heats
  • the upwardly sloping cover assembly 20 of frusto-conical shape for submerged arc metallurgical furnace 10 having a circular peripheral sidewall 28 for enclosing metallurgical charge 12 comp ⁇ ses a plurality of separate removable closely adjacent, hollow metal sections 22-22 (e) which define an inner peripheral opening 17 through which electrode 14 can
  • assembly of the present invention comprises a plurality, suitably up to four or more, separate,
  • hollow metal sections 22 -22(e) which are located closely adjacent over the furnace 10 in an
  • each of the hollow metal sections 22-22(e) are provided
  • each metal section 22 is provided with a rotatable cantilever support arm 32 mounted on a shelf member 33 affixed to furnace wall 28.
  • the support arm 32 as shown in Figure 1, vertically supports hollow metal section 22(b) at bracket 34 affixed to hollow metal section 22(b).
  • a hollow metal section e.g. 22(b) is installed by an overhead crane or other device in
  • cantilever arm 32 is swung into the position shown and engages the hollow metal section 22(b) at 34 as shown and the overhead crane can be removed.
  • the remaining hollow metal sections are similarly installed.
  • a hollow metal section 22-22(e) can be
  • Each of the hollow metal sections 22-22(e) comprises an upwardly sloping inner metal base member 40 shaped to form a predetermined portion of the frusto-conical shape cover assembly 20; an outer metal covering member 42 spaced from and opposite and parallel to
  • spray means e.g. nozzles 50 which receive coolant from conduits 58 which communicate with
  • a liquid coolant supply conduit 70 for supplying liquid directly and independently to each removable hollow metal section 22-22 (e) from a liquid coolant supply source 72 is located
  • At least one liquid coolant drain conduit 80 is located adjacently outside of said enclosed space and in communication with one or more drain openings 82 for receiving and evacuating a flow of liquid coolant 87 from inside of enclosed space 46 Support member 24 is
  • liquid coolant supply conduit 70 is releasably coupled to flexible hose 71 which in turn is connected to a coolant supply pipe 73 Coolant supply pipe 73 is fixed to furnace sidewall 28 at bracket 75.
  • coolant drain conduit 80 is releasably coupled to flexible hose 81 which in turn is connected to a coolant drain pipe 83 which is also fixed to furnace sidewall 28 at bracket 85.
  • spray cooled roof assembly 20 is provided with a metal ring- shaped member 90 having an upwardly extending sidewall 92 is positioned above the level
  • bracket 101 affixed to the outer metal covering member of hollow metal section 22-22(e), is
  • annular channel 93 defined by vertical channel sidewalls 97, 99, and compressive forces 106 are applied to ring-shaped member 90 with the result that all of the hollow metal sections 22- 22(e) receive vertical support from coaction with ring-shaped member 90 and cantilever support
  • the hollow metal sections 22-22(e) are installable and removable as above-
  • annular channel 93 of ring shaped member 90 can be used to support conventional removable 'delta' ring, e.g. as shown at 11 in Figure 1, and provide
  • the hollow metal sections can be removably clamped together as shown at 110 in Figure 2
  • joints 1 12 can be sealed, e.g. with heat resistant fabric and sand as indicated at 114.
  • a pump means 120 comprising a venturi 124 in pipe 126, which conveys waste water 127 away from another area of the furnace, can be used to receive and

Abstract

Spray-cooled roof for a metallurgical furnace in the form of an assembly of separate hollow metal sections, each of which has a separate spray cooling system.

Description

PANELIZED SPRAY-COOLED FURNACE ROOF
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a spray cooled roof for a metallurgical furnace, particularly a submerged arc furnace for the reduction of metal bearing oxidic ores, such as titanium ores
Background of the Invention
Spray cooling of the roofs of metallurgical vessels has been practiced successfully as disclosed in U.S Patent 4,715,042 - Heggart et al, U S Patent 4,815,096 - W H Burwell. and U S Patent 5, 115, 184 - M. T Arthur and F H Miner, which descπbe unitary, i e one piece roof
construction In some instances, roof sectors are fabncated separately and then joined to provide a final unitary roof Such roofs have been very effective with electπc arc steel melting furnaces and other applications
It has become important to provide spray cooling for submerged arc metallurgical furnaces in which an electrode penetrates a furnace charge containing e g metal beanng ore The arc from the electrode submerged in the furnace charge produces the high temperatures required for reduction of the metal bearing ore, e g titanium beanng ore The thermal conditions to which the furnace roof is exposed in a submerged arc furnace vanes considerably from location to location which tends to make the design of a unitary spray cooled roof complex Also, the roof for a submerged arc furnace tends to be larger in diameter than roofs for steel scrap melting furnaces The present invention is directed to the particular requirements of a submerged arc metallurgical furnace SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a roof for a metallurgical furnace which comprises an assembly, of frusto-conical shape, which is formed of a plurality of separate, hollow metal sections arranged to be closely adjacent and define an inner opening through which an electrode
can pass vertically downward into a metallurgical furnace. The outermost portions of the hollow metal sections define an outer, circular periphery of the cover assembly which is supported by the circular sidewall of the furnace. Each hollow metal section is separately removable and installable, and each hollow metal section contains spray means connected to a header within the
hollow metal section for spraying liquid coolant on the surfaces of the hollow metal section heated by the furnace, in particular, the bottom surface of the hollow metal section. The header of each hollow metai section is independently provided with a source of coolant by way of a coolant supply conduit and at least one coolant drain conduit is provided to receive spent coolant from inside a hollow metal section. A support member is provided at the lowermost portion of the hollow metal section to removably engage a portion of the circular peripheral sidewall of the metallurgical furnace. Support means are provided to give individual vertical support for each of the hollow metal sections.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an elevation view, partly in section, of a spray cooled roof assembly in
accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1(A) is a fragmentary elevation view of a portion of the roof assembly of Figure 1, Figure 2 is a plan view of a roof assembly in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2(A) is a fragmentary view of a portion of the roof assembly of Figure 2,
Figure 3 is an elevation view of the assembly of Figure 2;
Figure 3(A) is venturi type pump which can be used in conjunction with the roof assembly
of Figure 3, and
Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view of a hollow metal sub-assembly of a spray cooled roof assembly in accordance with the present invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to Figure 1, a submerged arc electric furnace is indicated at 10 containing a solid charge 12 which includes a metal bearing ore, slag formers and reducing agent An electrode 14 has its lower end submerged in the charge 12 and generates an arc 16 which heats
charge 12 to high temperatures and promotes the reduction reaction which results in the recovery of metal from the ore and the formation of a covering slag The thermal conditions in the furnace create extreme and varying stress on the lower side 40 of the roof assembly shown at 20 in Figure 1
In Figure 1, the upwardly sloping cover assembly 20 of frusto-conical shape for submerged arc metallurgical furnace 10 having a circular peripheral sidewall 28 for enclosing metallurgical charge 12 compπses a plurality of separate removable closely adjacent, hollow metal sections 22-22 (e) which define an inner peripheral opening 17 through which electrode 14 can
pass vertically downward into metallurgical furnace 10, the lowermost portions 86 of the hollow metal sections defining an outer periphery 19 of the cover assembly 20 which is supported by the circular sidewall 28 of the submerged arc furnace 10 A conventional removable "delta", indicated at 1 1 , is used with the electπc furnace With further reference to Figure 1, and also to Figure 4, the spray cooled furnace roof
assembly of the present invention comprises a plurality, suitably up to four or more, separate,
hollow metal sections 22 -22(e) which are located closely adjacent over the furnace 10 in an
upwardly sloping frusto-conical shape. Each of the hollow metal sections 22-22(e) are provided
with a downwardly depending metal support member 24 which is seated in the circular peripheral
channel 26 at the top of the circular sidewall 28 of furnace 10. The hollow metal sections 22-
22(e) are separately installable, e.g. using an overhead crane (not shown) in connection with lifting brackets 30 to seat support members 24 in peripheral channel 26 of the furnace 10 in
removable engagement with the sidewalls 28 of furnace 10. In the embodiment shown in Figure
1, each metal section 22 is provided with a rotatable cantilever support arm 32 mounted on a shelf member 33 affixed to furnace wall 28. The support arm 32, as shown in Figure 1, vertically supports hollow metal section 22(b) at bracket 34 affixed to hollow metal section 22(b). By way of example, a hollow metal section e.g. 22(b) is installed by an overhead crane or other device in
the position shown in Figure 1; cantilever arm 32 is swung into the position shown and engages the hollow metal section 22(b) at 34 as shown and the overhead crane can be removed. The remaining hollow metal sections are similarly installed. A hollow metal section 22-22(e) can be
individually and separately removed, e.g. for inspection or replacement, by reversing the
installation procedure. Each of the hollow metal sections 22-22(e) comprises an upwardly sloping inner metal base member 40 shaped to form a predetermined portion of the frusto-conical shape cover assembly 20; an outer metal covering member 42 spaced from and opposite and parallel to
said inner metal base member; means 44 for joining the outer covering member to the inner metal base member and for defining a substantially enclosed space 46 between said spaced apart base member 40 and said covering member 42, with one or more outer liquid drain openings 48 being located at the lowermost portion of the enclosed space 46. With reference to Figure 4, a plurality of spray means 50 are located within enclosed space 46 at predetermined locations adjacent to
and spaced from said inner metal base member 40 for directing a spray of liquid coolant in the
form of liquid droplets 52 against the inner metal base member in an amount sufficient to maintain
an acceptable temperature in said elements heated by the furnace.
A liquid coolant supply header conduit 54 affixed at 56 within enclosed space 46 and extending across the inner metal base member 40 is provided for supplying liquid cooling to said
spray means e.g. nozzles 50 which receive coolant from conduits 58 which communicate with
header conduit 54.
A liquid coolant supply conduit 70, for supplying liquid directly and independently to each removable hollow metal section 22-22 (e) from a liquid coolant supply source 72 is located
outside of enclosed space 46 and is connected to liquid coolant supply header conduit 54 within enclosed space 46. At least one liquid coolant drain conduit 80 is located adjacently outside of said enclosed space and in communication with one or more drain openings 82 for receiving and evacuating a flow of liquid coolant 87 from inside of enclosed space 46 Support member 24 is
affixed to the lower portion 86 of the hollow metal section to removably engage the circular peripheral sidewall 28 of the metallurgical furnace 10.
As shown in Figure 1(A), liquid coolant supply conduit 70 is releasably coupled to flexible hose 71 which in turn is connected to a coolant supply pipe 73 Coolant supply pipe 73 is fixed to furnace sidewall 28 at bracket 75. Similarly, coolant drain conduit 80 is releasably coupled to flexible hose 81 which in turn is connected to a coolant drain pipe 83 which is also fixed to furnace sidewall 28 at bracket 85. This arrangement, which is provided for each of the hollow metal sections 22-22(e), enables rapid and convenient installation and removal of the hollow metal
sections 22-22(e).
With reference to Figure 3, spray cooled roof assembly 20 is provided with a metal ring- shaped member 90 having an upwardly extending sidewall 92 is positioned above the level
uppermost portion 94 of a hollow metal section 22-22 (e) and each outer metal covering member
42 of metal sections 22-22 (e) is removably engaged, as indicated at 96 to the sidewall 92 of the metal ring-shaped member 90 and exerts a compressive force thereon. As shown in Figure 2 and 2(A) bracket 101, affixed to the outer metal covering member of hollow metal section 22-22(e), is
coupled to bracket 103 affixed to bottom flange 105 of metal ring-shaped member 90 which has
an annular channel 93 defined by vertical channel sidewalls 97, 99, and compressive forces 106 are applied to ring-shaped member 90 with the result that all of the hollow metal sections 22- 22(e) receive vertical support from coaction with ring-shaped member 90 and cantilever support
is not needed. The hollow metal sections 22-22(e) are installable and removable as above-
described in connection with Figure 1. The annular channel 93 of ring shaped member 90 can be used to support conventional removable 'delta' ring, e.g. as shown at 11 in Figure 1, and provide
a means of sealing the furnace around the ring by the use of ceramic fibre and sand.
The hollow metal sections can be removably clamped together as shown at 110 in Figure 2
and the joints 1 12 can be sealed, e.g. with heat resistant fabric and sand as indicated at 114.
As shown in Figure 3(A), a pump means 120 comprising a venturi 124 in pipe 126, which conveys waste water 127 away from another area of the furnace, can be used to receive and
evacuate spent liquid coolant 87 from hollow metal sections 22-22(e)

Claims

1) An upwardly sloping cover assembly of frusto-conical shape for a submerged arc
metallurgical furnace having a circular peripheral sidewall for enclosing a metallurgical charge
including a metal beanng ore comprising a plurality of separate removable closely adjacent, hollow metal sections which define an inner opening through which an electrode can pass
vertically downward into said metallurgical furnace, the lower portions of the hollow metal
sections defining an outer periphery of the cover assembly which is supported by the circular
sidewall of the submerged arc furnace, a said removable hollow metal section compπsing
(a) an upwardly sloping inner metal base member shaped to form a predetermined portion of the frusto-conical shape cover assembly,
(b) an outer metal coveπng member spaced from said inner metal base member,
(c) means for joining the outer covering member to the inner metal base member and for defining a substantially enclosed space between said spaced apart base member and said coveπng member with one or more outer liquid drain openings being located at the lower portion
of the enclosed space.
(d) a plurality of spray means located within said enclosed space at predetermined locations adjacent to and spaced from said inner metal base member for directing a spray of liquid coolant in the form of liquid droplets against the inner metal base member in an amount sufficient
to maintain an acceptable temperature in said inner metal base member,
(e) a liquid coolant supply header conduit affixed within said enclosed space and extending across the inner metal base member for supplying liquid cooling to said spray means. (f) a liquid coolant supply conduit for supplying liquid directly and independently to
said removable metal section from a liquid coolant supply source, which is located outside of said
enclosed space, to said liquid coolant supply header conduit within said enclosed space;
(g) at least one liquid coolant drain conduit located adjacent outside of said enclosed
space and in communication with said one or more drain openings for receiving a flow of liquid coolant from inside of said enclosed space,
(h) a support member affixed to the lower portion of the hollow metal section to removably engage the circular peπpheral sidewall of the metallurgical furnace, and
(1) means for providing vertical support for the hollow metal section
2) Cover assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein pump means are provided in communication with said liquid coolant dram conduit for positively removing liquid coolant from the hollow metal section
3) Cover assembly in accordance with claim 2 wherein said pump means compπses a ventuπ
4) Cover assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein the peπpheral sidewall of the metallurgical furnace is provided with an open-top channel and the support member affixed to the lower portion of the hollow metal section rests in said channel
5) Cover assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein a metal πng-shaped member having an upwardly extending sidewall is positioned above the uppermost portions of the hollow meiai sections and each outer metal covering member is removably engaged to the sidewall of the metal ring-shaped member and exerts a compressive force thereon.
6) Cover assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein a rotatable cantilever support arm engaged to the sidewall of the furnace is provided for the support of each hollow metal
section.
PCT/US1997/016676 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof WO1998013658A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69717498T DE69717498T2 (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 OVEN FILMS COMPRISING A MULTIPLE OF SPRAYED PANELS
AU44873/97A AU719331B2 (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof
BR9711558A BR9711558A (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 C-u of oven cooled by paneled spray
EP97943390A EP0958478B1 (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof
CA002267071A CA2267071C (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof
JP51573898A JP4200189B2 (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panel type spray cooling furnace roof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/722,362 US5887017A (en) 1996-09-27 1996-09-27 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof
US08/722,362 1996-09-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998013658A1 true WO1998013658A1 (en) 1998-04-02

Family

ID=24901539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/016676 WO1998013658A1 (en) 1996-09-27 1997-09-24 Panelized spray-cooled furnace roof

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5887017A (en)
EP (1) EP0958478B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4200189B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100506907B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1106564C (en)
AR (1) AR009093A1 (en)
AU (1) AU719331B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9711558A (en)
CA (1) CA2267071C (en)
DE (1) DE69717498T2 (en)
RU (1) RU2165568C2 (en)
TW (1) TW429303B (en)
WO (1) WO1998013658A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA978430B (en)

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WO2000009963A1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-24 Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation Integral spray cooled furnace roof and fume elbow
EP1817435A2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-08-15 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Improved furnace cooling system and method

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US6371157B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2002-04-16 Thales Broadcast & Multimedia, Inc. Method, system and computer program product for self-draining plumbing for liquid-cooled devices
US7364691B2 (en) * 2004-06-08 2008-04-29 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Metallurgical vessel
CN100346122C (en) * 2004-08-30 2007-10-31 李建新 Structure of furnace top for combustion furnace
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DE102007035622B4 (en) * 2007-07-30 2013-08-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lid for a furnace for receiving molten metal, in particular metal, and furnace for receiving molten material
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KR101293060B1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2013-08-05 현대제철 주식회사 Roof for electric furnace
CN103225950B (en) * 2013-04-28 2015-09-30 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 For the water-cooled furnace chamber of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace
BR112019015551A2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2020-03-17 Amerifab, Inc. METHOD FOR REPLACING A DAMAGED PORTION OF A METALLURGICAL OR REFINING OVEN CEILING, AND, CEILING SET FOR A METALLURGICAL OR REFINING OVEN.
US10598436B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2020-03-24 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Cooling system for a surface of a metallurgical furnace
US10690415B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2020-06-23 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Split roof for a metallurgical furnace
US10767931B2 (en) 2018-01-18 2020-09-08 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Sidewall with buckstay for a metallurgical furnace
WO2020091975A1 (en) 2018-10-29 2020-05-07 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Drain pump for a spray-cooled metallurgical furnace
KR102147275B1 (en) 2020-02-29 2020-08-24 주식회사 엠텍 Furnace Structure with Spray Cooling
KR102156551B1 (en) 2020-02-29 2020-09-16 주식회사 엠텍 Injection Cooling Furnace Structure Cooling Method

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EP1817435A2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2007-08-15 Systems Spray-Cooled, Inc. Improved furnace cooling system and method
EP1817435A4 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-09-10 Systems Spray Cooled Inc Improved furnace cooling system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW429303B (en) 2001-04-11
CA2267071A1 (en) 1998-04-02
JP2001509245A (en) 2001-07-10
CN1106564C (en) 2003-04-23
EP0958478A1 (en) 1999-11-24
JP4200189B2 (en) 2008-12-24
DE69717498D1 (en) 2003-01-09
US5887017A (en) 1999-03-23
AR009093A1 (en) 2000-03-08
KR20000048667A (en) 2000-07-25
KR100506907B1 (en) 2005-08-08
ZA978430B (en) 1998-03-26
EP0958478B1 (en) 2002-11-27
DE69717498T2 (en) 2003-07-10
CN1238832A (en) 1999-12-15
AU719331B2 (en) 2000-05-04
CA2267071C (en) 2005-08-16
BR9711558A (en) 1999-08-24
RU2165568C2 (en) 2001-04-20
AU4487397A (en) 1998-04-17

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