WO1998011213A1 - Methode de traitement de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique - Google Patents
Methode de traitement de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998011213A1 WO1998011213A1 PCT/FR1997/001589 FR9701589W WO9811213A1 WO 1998011213 A1 WO1998011213 A1 WO 1998011213A1 FR 9701589 W FR9701589 W FR 9701589W WO 9811213 A1 WO9811213 A1 WO 9811213A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/185—Nerve growth factor [NGF]; Brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]; Ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]; Glial derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF]; Neurotrophins, e.g. NT-3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- the present invention relates to a new method for the treatment of motoneural diseases and in particular of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It also relates to vectors and pharmaceutical compositions allowing the prolonged expression of therapeutic factors, usable for the treatment of ALS. More specifically, the present invention relates to the treatment of ALS by systemic administration of therapeutic genes.
- ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Lou Gehrig's disease was first described by Charcot in 1865.
- ALS is a fatal disease resulting from the degeneration of motor neurons and corticospinal tracts .
- ALS With an incidence currently of 2.5 / 100,000 and constantly increasing, a prevalence of 6-10 / 100,000, ALS affects 90,000 people in developed countries, mostly adults still young (between 50 and 60 years old) ).
- the disease is accompanied by progressive paralysis, leading to the complete loss of motor and respiratory functions and then to death within two to eight years after the appearance of the first symptoms (three years on average).
- ALS cases are of familial origin and 95% of cases are sporadic.
- the pathophysiological origin of sporadic forms of ALS remains unknown.
- Several hypotheses have been proposed. Motor neuron degeneration could result from an alteration in the metabolism of glutamate leading to an increase in the concentrations of this excitatory amino acid in the motor cortex and the spinal cord (hypothesis "excitotoxic", reviewed in Rothstein, 1995).
- the possibility of an autoimmune component has also been invoked on the basis of the presence of autoantibodies against voltage-sensitive calcium channels in some patients (reviewed in Appel et al., 1995).
- the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to certain viruses (reviewed in Gastaut, 1995), or to aluminum (Yase, 1984) is also possible.
- ALS hereditary forms of ALS have shown that point mutations in the copper and zinc superoxide dismutase gene, located on chromosome 21q22- l, are responsible for the pathology in 20% of familial forms (Rosen et al., 1993, reviewed in Rowland. 1995). These mutations do not cause a decrease in the dismutase activity of SOD (reviewed in Rowland, 1995).
- the mutated enzymes produce potentially cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals which are not produced by wild SOD (Yim et al., 1996).
- the present invention aims in particular to propose a new approach for the treatment of motor neuron pathologies. such as ALS. based on gene therapy. More particularly, the present invention describes vector systems making it possible to directly promote the survival of the motor neurons involved in these pathologies, by the efficient and prolonged expression of certain trophic factors.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating ALS comprising the systemic administration of a nucleic acid coding for a neurotrophic factor.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid encoding a neurotrophic factor for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for the treatment of ALS.
- Another aspect of the invention lies in the construction of particular vectors, allowing the expression of therapeutically effective amounts with respect to ALS of trophic factors.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the administration of expression systems allowing the production of one or more trophic factors. as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising said expression systems. She also relates to the creation of new vectors allowing the co-expression of trophic facts in vivo
- the present invention therefore relates more precisely to a new method of treating ALS based on the continuous in vivo expression of trophic factors
- the present invention now shows that it is possible to obtain in vivo a particularly piononce therapeutic effect by in vivo production of neurotrophic factors.
- the Applicant has in particular shown that the injection in vivo of expression systems of neurotrophic factors, by the systemic, allowed to obtain a continuous production of therapeutic factor and that this production was sufficient to obtain a therapeutic benefit in motor neuron pathologies, in particular ALS
- the Applicant has shown that the systemic administration of these expression systems led to a very significant increase in lifespan, accompanied by an improvement in the evoked motor response as determined by electromyography
- This route of administration makes it possible to obtain an appropriate bioavailability of neurotrophic factors, without effect of toxicity
- This approach th rapeutique thus makes it possible to produce therapeutically active quantities of molecules, while remaining below the threshold of toxicity of these molecules
- a protein of the size of a neurotrophic factor, administered in a systemic way does not penetrate the nervous system that with low efficiency due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier, the
- a first object of the invention therefore resides in a method of treating ALS comprising the administration, by the systemic route, of a system for the expression of a neurotrophic factor. Another object of the invention also lies in the use of a system for expressing a neurotrophic factor for the preparation The invention also relates to a method for prolonging the life span of mammals suffering from ALS comprising the administration, by systemic route, of a system of expression of a neuiotrophic factor
- the term “expression system” designates any construct allowing the expression in vivo of a nucleic acid coding for a neurotrophic factor.
- the expression system comprises a nucleic acid coding for a neurotrophic factor.
- This nucleic acid can be a DNA or a RNA
- a cDNA, a gDNA or a hybrid DNA that is to say a - say a DNA containing one or more introns of the gDNA, but not all
- the DNA can also be a synthetic or semi-synthetic, and in particular a DNA artificially synthesized to optimize the codons or create reduced forms
- the transcptional promoter can be any functional promoter in a mammalian cell, preferably a human one. It can be the promoter region naturally responsible for the expression of the neurotrophic factor considered when it is capable of functioning in the cell or the organism. concerned They can also be regions of different origin (responsible for the expression of other proteins, or even synthetic) In particular, they can be promoter regions of eukaryotic or viral genes For example, it can be act from promoter regions derived from the genome of the target cell Among the eukaryotic promoters, any promoter or derived sequence may be used which stimulates or represses the transcription of a gene in a specific or non-specific manner, mductible or not, strong or weak II can be act in particular as ubiquitous promoters (promoter of the HPRT, PGK, ⁇ -actin, tubulin, etc.
- promoters of intermediate filaments promoter of GFAP genes, desmin, vimentin, neurofilaments, keratin, etc.
- promoters of therapeutic genes for example the promoter of MDR genes. CFTR, Factor VIII, ApoAl, etc.
- tissue-specific promoters promoter of the pyruvate kinasc gene, villin, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, smooth muscle ⁇ -actin, etc.
- promoters responding to a stimulus steroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, etc.
- they may be promoter sequences originating from the genome of a virus, such as, for example, the promoters of the adenovirus E 1 A and MLP genes, the CMV early promoter, or the RSV LTR promoter, etc.
- these promoter regions can be modified by adding activation or regulatory sequences, or allowing tissue-specific or majority expression
- a constitutive eukaryotic or viral promoter It is more particularly a promoter chosen from the promoter of the gencs HPR1, PGK, ⁇ -actin, tubulin or the promoter of the El A and MLP genes adenovirus, the CMV early promoter, or the RSV LTR promoter
- the expression cassette advantageously comprises a signal sequence directing the product synthesized in the secretory pathways of the target cell.
- This signal sequence may be the natural signal sequence of the product synthesized, but it may also be any other sequence. functional signal, or an artificial signal sequence
- the expression cassette generally comprises a region situated at 3 ', which specifies a transc ⁇ ptional end signal and a polyadenylation site.
- the trophic factors which can be used in the context of the invention essentially fall into three families, the neurotrophin family, the neurokine family, and the TGF beta family (for review, see Henderson Adv Neurol 68 (1995) 235).
- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- NT-3 or NT-4/5 The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), described by Thoenen (Trends in NeuroSci. 14 (1991) 165), is a protein of 118 amino acids and molecular weight 13.5 kD.
- BDNF stimulates the formation of neurites and the survival in culture of ganglion neurons of the retina, cholinergic neurons of the septum as well as dopaminergic neurons of the mesencephalon (reviewed by Lindsay in Neurotrophic Factors, Ed, (1993) 257, Press Academy).
- the DNA sequence coding for human BDNF and for rat BDNF has been cloned and sequenced (Maisonpierre et al., Genomics 10 (1991) 558), as well as in particular the sequence coding for pig BDNF (Leibrock and al., Nature 341 (1989) 149). Although its properties are potentially interesting, the therapeutic application of BDNF faces various obstacles. In particular, the lack of bioavailability of BDNF limits any therapeutic use.
- the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produced in the context of the present invention may be human BDNF or animal BDNF.
- Neurotrophin 3 is a secreted protein of 1 19 aa which allows the survival in vitro of neurons even at very low concentrations. (Henderson et al. Nature 363,266-270 (1993)). The sequence of cDNA encoding human NT3 has been described (Hohn et al., Nature 344 (1990) 339).
- the TGF-B family includes the neurotrophic factor derived from glial cells.
- the neurotrophic factor derived from glial cells, GDNF (L.-F. Lin et al., Science, 260, 1130-1 132 (1993)) is a protein of 134 amino acids and a molecular weight of 16 kD. It has the essential capacity to promote in vitro the survival of dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons (reviewed in Henderson. 1995).
- the glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) produced in the context of the present invention may be human GDNF or animal GDNF.
- the cDNA sequences encoding human GDNF and rat GDNF were nailed and sequenced (L.-F. Lin, D. Doherty. J.
- CNTF Central NeuroTrophic Factor
- CNTF is a neurokine capable of preventing the death of neurons. As previously indicated, clinical trials were terminated prematurely due to lack of results. The invention now allows for prolonged and continuous in vivo production of CNTF, alone or in combination with other trophic factors, for the treatment of ALS.
- the cDNA and the human and murine CNTF gene were cloned and sequenced (EP385,060; WO91 / 04316.
- neurotrophic factors which can be used in the context of the present invention are, for example IGF-1 (Lewis et al., 1993) and Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFa, FGFb).
- IGF-1 Lewis et al., 1993
- FGFa Fibroblast Growth Factors
- IGF-I and FGFa are very interesting candidates.
- the sequence of the FGF ⁇ gene has been described in the literature, as well as vectors allowing its expression in vivo (WO95 / 25803).
- genes coding for BDNF, GDNF, CNTF and NT3 are very particularly advantageous for the implementation of the present invention.
- the expression system of the invention allows the production of a single neurotrophic factor in vivo.
- the expression system only has one expression cassette.
- the expression system of the invention allows the production in vivo of a neurotrophic factor chosen from neurotrophins, neurokines and TGFs. It is more preferably a factor chosen from BDNF, GDNF, CNTF, NT3, FGFa and IGF-1.
- the expression system of the invention allows the production of two neurotrophic factors in vivo.
- the expression system comprises either two expression cassettes, or a single cassette allowing the simultaneous expression of two nucleic acids (bicistronic unit).
- the system comprises two expression cassettes, these can use identical or different promoters.
- the expression system of the invention allows the production in vivo of the following combinations of neurotrophic factors: BDNF and GDNF; BDNF and NT3; GDNF and NT3, CNTF and BDNF, CNTF and NT3, CNTF and GDNF.
- the Applicant has indeed shown that the administration of 2 systems for the expression of neurotrophic factors results in an important therapeutic effect.
- promoters of identical or similar strength are generally used, and an identical or sinuous copy number of nucleic acids.
- the respective amount of the two factors produced in vivo is fairly close.
- the expression cassette (s) advantageously form part of a vector. It may in particular be a viral or plasmid vector. In the case of an expression system comprising several expression cassettes, the cassettes can be carried by separate vectors, or by the same vector.
- the vector used can be a standard plasmid vector, comprising, in addition to the expression cassette (s) according to the invention, an origin of replication and a marker gene.
- an origin of replication and a marker gene.
- Different types of improved vectors have also been described, lacking a marker gene and an origin of replication (PCT / FR96 / 00274) or having, for example, an origin of conditional replication (FR95 10825). These vectors can be used advantageously in the context of the present invention.
- the vector used can also be a viral vector.
- Different vectors have been constructed from viruses, with remarkable gene transfer properties. Mention may more particularly be made of adenoviruses, retroviruses, AAV and the herpes virus.
- the genome of these viruses is modified so as to render them incapable of autonomous replication in a cell. These viruses are said to be defective for replication.
- the genome is modified by substitution of the essential regions in trans for viral replication by the expression cassette (s).
- Adenoviruses are linear double-stranded DNA viruses around 36 (kilobases) kb in size. Their genome includes in particular a repeated inverted sequence (ITR) at each end, an encapsidation sequence (Psi), early genes and late genes.
- ITR inverted sequence
- Psi encapsidation sequence
- the main early genes are contained in the regions E l, E2, E3 and E4. Among these, the genes contained in the region E l in particular are necessary for viral propagation.
- the main late genes are contained in regions L1 to L5.
- the genome of the Ad5 adenovirus has been fully sequenced and is accessible on the database (see in particular Genebank M73260). Likewise, parts or even all of other adenoviral genomes (Ad2, Ad7, Ad 12, etc.) have also been sequenced.
- adenovirus constructs derived from adenoviruses have been prepared, incorporating different therapeutic genes. More particularly, the constructions described in the prior art are deleted adenoviruses from the E1 region, essential for viral replication, at the level of which heterologous DNA sequences are inserted (Levrero et al., Gene 101 (1991) 195 ; Gosh-Choudhury et al., Gene 50 (1986) 161). Furthermore, to improve the properties of the vector, it has been proposed to create other deletions or modifications in the genome of the adenovirus.
- a heat-sensitive point mutation was introduced into the mutant tsl 25, making it possible to inactivate the DNA binding protein of 72kDa (DBP) (Van der Vliet et al., 1975).
- DBP 72kDa
- Other vectors include a deletion of another region essential for viral replication and / or spread, the E4 region.
- the E4 region is indeed involved in the regulation of the expression of late genes, in the stability of nuclear RNA late, in the extinction of the expression of host cell proteins and in the efficiency of viral DNA replication.
- Adenoviral vectors in which the E1 and E4 regions are deleted therefore have a background of transcription and an expression of very reduced viral genes.
- adenoviruses described in the literature are produced from different serotypes of adenovirus II indeed exist different serotypes of adenovirus. whose structure and properties vary somewhat, but which have a comparable genetic organization More particularly, the recombinant adenoviruses can be of human or animal origin. As regards adenoviruses of human origin, mention may preferably be made of those classes in group C, in particular adenoviruses of type 2 (Ad2), 5 (Ad5), 7 (Ad7) or 12 (Ad 12).
- adenoviruses of animal origin mention may preferably be made of adenoviruses of canine origin, and in particular all the strains of the adenoviruses CAY2 [Manhattan strain or A26 / 61 (ATCC VR-800) for example].
- Other adenoviruses of animal origin are cited in particular in application WO94 / 26914 incorporated herein by reference
- the recombinant adenovirus is a human adenovirus of group C More preferably. it is an Ad2 or Ad5 adenovirus.
- Recombinant adenoviruses are produced in an packaging line. That is to say a cell line capable of complementing in trans one or more of the deficient functions in the recombinant adenoviral genome.
- a cell line capable of complementing in trans one or more of the deficient functions in the recombinant adenoviral genome.
- One of these lines is for example the line 293 in which a part of the adenovirus genome has been integrated. More specifically, line 293 is a human embryonic kidney cell line containing the left end (approximately 1 1 -12%) of the genome of the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), comprising the left ITR, the region packaging.
- This line is capable of trans-complementing recombinant adenoviruses defective for the region E l, it is that is to say devoid of all or part of the El region, and of producing viral stocks having high titers
- This line is also capable of producing, at permissive temperature (32 ° C.), stocks of virus further comprising the mutation E2 thermosensitive
- Other cell lines capable of complementing the E l region have been described, based in particular on human lung carcinoma cells A549 (W094 / 28152) or on human retinoblasts (Hum Gen Ther (1996) 215) , lines capable of trans-complementing several functions of the adenovirus have also been described.
- the cassette for expression of the therapeutic gene (s) can be inserted at different sites in the genome of the recombinant adenovirus, according to the techniques described in the prior art. It can first of all be inserted at the level of the El deletion. It can also be inserted at the E3 region, in addition to or in substitution for sequences It can also be located at the deleted E4 region For the construction of vectors carrying two expression cassettes, one can be inserted at the region El, the other at the level of region E3 or E4 The two cassettes can also be introduced at the level of the same region As indicated above, in the case of expression systems comprising several expression cassettes, the cassettes can be carried by separate vectors, or by the same vector.
- the present invention relates more specifically to the development of vectors which are particularly effective for delivering in vivo and in a localized manner, therapeutically active amounts of GDNF, BDNF, NT3 and CNTF. More precisely, the present invention relates to the injection by the systemic route of an expression system comprising two gene transfer vectors each carrying a gene coding for a neurotrophic factor. The invention also relates to the injection by the systemic route of an expression system comprising a bicistronic vector allowing the coexpression of the two genes.
- the present invention relates to the injection by the systemic route, of an expression system comprising two vectors, one carrying the gene coding for CNTF and the other the gene coding for NT3, or one the gene coding for CNTF and the other coding for BDNF, or one coding for GDNF and the other coding for NT3.
- the transfer vectors used are adenoviral vectors.
- the Applicant has indeed shown the effectiveness of the use of adenoviruses encoding neurotrophic factors injected by the z ' .v route. when treating different animal models of ALS.
- the results presented in the examples show, for the first time on an animal model of a familial form of ALS, FALS GWA mice, a significant increase in lifespan, accompanied by better electromyographic performance.
- the only treatment currently offered to patients with ALS is riluzole
- pmn mice Another model of ALS is pmn mice, characterized by earlier and faster degeneration of motor neurons and an average lifespan of approximately 40 days.
- the results presented in the examples show that the therapeutic approach according to the invention makes it possible to extend the average lifespan of pmn mice from 40 to 53 days, which constitutes a significant improvement of more than 30%. This prolongation of the treated pmn mice is also accompanied by a significant reduction in their motor neuron degeneration.
- the in vivo production of trophic factors is obtained by systemic administration.
- Systemic administration is preferably an intravenous or intra arterial injection. Intravenous injection is particularly preferred. This injection method is also advantageous in terms of tolerance and ease of access. It also makes it possible to inject larger volumes than intramuscular injection, and repeatedly.
- the present invention also relates to any pharmaceutical composition comprising a system for the expression of two neurotrophic factors.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention advantageously contain pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles for an injectable formulation.
- saline solutions monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium, calcium or magnesium, etc., or mixtures of such salts
- sterile, isotonic, or dry compositions in particular lyophilized which, by addition according to the case of stenhsee water or physiological saline, allow the constitution of injectable solutes
- Other excipients can be used such as for example stabilizing proteins (human serum albumin in particular FR96 03074) or a hydrogel
- This hydrogel can be prepared from any biocompatible and non-cytotoxic (homo or hetero) polymer.
- Such polymers have, for example, been described in application WO93 / 08845. Some of them, in particular those obtained from ethylene oxide and / or propylene, are Furthermore, when the expression system is composed of plasmid vectors. it may be advantageous, in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, to add chemical or biochemical agents promoting the transfer of genes In this regard, mention may more particularly be made of cationic polymers of polylysine type, (LKLK) n, (LKKL) n as described in application W095 21931. immine polyethylene (WO96 / 02655) and DEAF dextran or even canonical lipids or lipofectants. They have the property of condensing DNA and promoting its association with the cell membrane.
- the doses of expression system administered depend on several factors, and in particular the vector used, the neurotrophic factor (s) involved, the type of promoter used, the stage of the pathology or even the duration of the treatment sought.
- the expression system is administered in the form of doses comprising from 0.1 to 500 mg of DNA per kilogram preferably from 1 to 100 mg of DNA per kilogram. Doses of approximately 10 mg DNA / kg are generally used.
- recombinant adenoviruses they are advantageously formulated and administered in the form of doses of between 10 ⁇ and 4 pf U ⁇ e t and preferably 10 ° at l ⁇ '0 pfu.
- pfu plaque forming unit
- plaque forming unit corresponds to the infectious power of an adenovirus solution. and is determined by infection of an appropriate cell culture, and measures, generally after 15 days, the number of plaques of infected cells. The techniques for determining the pfu titer of a viral solution are well uu umcntées in the literature.
- the injection can be carried out using different devices, in particular syringes or by infusion. Injection using syringes is preferred. Furthermore, repeated injections can be given to further increase the therapeutic effect.
- this treatment can also be applied in combination with riluzole.
- the invention thus relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an expression system according to the invention and a pharmacologically effective amount of riluzole, for simultaneous or spaced-apart administration over time.
- Figure 1 Comparison of electromyographic performance of FALS G ⁇ mice with or without administration of an expression system of a CNTF-GDNF combination.
- Figure 2 Comparison of electromyographic performance of FALS mice ( ⁇ ,tician ⁇ with or without administration of an NT3 expression system.
- transgenic mice expressing mutated forms of SOD responsible for familial forms of ALS have been constructed in an attempt to obtain a mouse model of the pathology.
- Transgenic mice overexpressing mutated human SOD carrying a substitution of glycine 93 for aianin exhibit progressive motor neuron degeneration resulting in paralysis of the limbs, and die at the age of 4-6 months (Gumey et al., 1994).
- the first clinical signs consist of a tremor of the limbs at around 90 days, then a reduction in the length of steps to 125 days (Chiu et al., 1995).
- vacuoles of mitochondrial origin are observable in motor neurons from around 37 days, and motor neuron loss can be observed from 90 days (Chiu et al., 1995).
- Myelinated axon damage is observed mainly in the ventral marrow and little in the dorsal region.
- Compensatory collateral reinervation phenomena are observed at the level of the motor plates (Chiu et al., 1995).
- mice ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
- Mice FALS G9 Constitute a very good animal model for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms of SL ⁇ and for the development of therapeutic strategies. They share in common with familial forms of ALS a common pathophysiological origin (SOD mutation), a large number of histopathological and electromyographic characteristics. Thus, we have characterized in the laboratory the electromyographic performance of FALS mice (! 91 ⁇ .
- mice FALS c ⁇ meet the Lambert criteria for ALS (Kennel et al., 1996): (1) reduction in the number of motor units with concomitant collateral reinervation; (2) presence of spontaneous denervation activity (fibrillations) and fasciculation in the hind and anterior limbs; (3) modification of the motor conduction speed correlated with a decrease of the evoked motor response; (4) no sensory impairment. Furthermore, we have shown that facial nerve damage is rare, even in elderly FALS 09 , A mice, which is also the case in patients.
- the FALSG93A mice come from Transgenic Alliance (L'Arbresle,
- Pregnant females are delivered every week. They give birth in the laboratory pet store. Heterozygous mice developing the disease are identified by PCR after removing a piece of tail and extracting DNA. There are other animal models presenting motor neuron degenerations (Stllevis-Smitt & De Jong, 1989; Pnce et al., 1994), either following an acute neurotoxic lesion (treatment with IDPN, with excitotoxins) or due to a genetic defect (wobbler mouse, pmn, Mnd, HCSMA dog).
- pmn mice are particularly well characterized clinically, histologically (Schmalbruch 1991) and electromyographically (Kennel, 1996) The pmn mutation is transmitted in the autosomal recessive mode and has been localized on chromosome 13. Les.
- pmn homozygous mice develop muscle atrophy and paralysis that manifests in the hind limbs from two to three weeks of age and then become generalized All untreated pmn mice die before six to seven weeks of age Degeneration of their motor neurons begins at the nerve endings and leads to a massive loss of myelinated fibers in the motor nerves and in particular in the phrenic nerve which ensures the innervation of the diaphragm (Schmalbruch 1991) Unlike the FALSc mouse, 93A ' this muscular uptake is very fast and is hardly accompanied by signs of re-reservation by collateral regrowth Axonal On the electromyographic level, the process of muscle denervation is characterized by the appearance of fibrillations and by a significant reduction in the amplitude of the muscular response evoked after supramaximal electrical stimulation of the nerve (Kennel et al 1996)
- mice A line of Xt / pmn transgenic mice was also used as another mu ⁇ n model of ALS. These mice were obtained by a first cross between C57 / B156 or DBA2 female mice and Xtpmn / Xt pmn male mice (strain 129), followed by a second between Xt p nu l / Xt pmn 'heterozygous females (NI) with initial males.
- NI heterozygous females
- mice (N2)
- the double heterozygotes Xt p mn / Xt pmn (called “mouse Xt pmn") carrying an Xt allele (demonstrated by the Extra-finger phenotype) and a pmn allele (determined by PCR) have been chosen for future crosses
- plasmid vectors allowing the expression of one or two neurotrophic factors can be used. Mention may be made, for example, of the plasmids pCRII-BDNF and pSh-Ad-BDNF, which comprise a cassette for expression and secretion of BDNF (WO95 / 25804).
- plasmids p-LTR-IX-GDNF containing a nucleic acid coding for GDNF under the control of the LTR promoter (WO95 / 26408) as well as the plasmid p-LTR-IX- preNGF / CNTF containing the sequence of the CNTF gene behind the signal sequence of betaNGF as well as the inverted repeat sequences (ITR) of the adenoviral genome, the LTR sequences of the Rous Sarcoma virus promoter (RSV). packaging sequences as well as adenoviral sequences necessary for homologous recombination.
- any plasmid comprising an origin of replication and a marker gene can be used to construct an expression system according to the invention, by insertion of one or more cassettes of expression of a neurotrophic factor.
- the plasmids can be preparations in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell host.
- the viral vectors and in particular the adenoviruses, constitute a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention
- the recombinant adenoviruses used below were obtained by homologous recombination according to the techniques described in the prior art. In short, they are constructed in 293 cells, by recombination between a linearized viral genome fragment (dl324) and a plasmid containing the left ITR, the packaging sequences, the transgene as well as its promoter and viral sequences allowing the recombination.
- the viruses are amplified on 293 cells. They are regularly repurified in the P3 of our laboratory.
- the viral genomes can also be prepared in a prokaryotic cell according to the technique described in application WO96 / 25506.
- - Ad-CNTF Recombinant adenovirus of serotype Ad5 comprising, inserted into its genome in place of the deleted region E1, a cassette for expression of the CNTF gene composed of the cDNA coding for CNTF under the control of a transcriptional promoter (in particular the RSV LTR). Details of the construction are given in application WO94 / 08026. Alternative constructs include an additional deletion in the E4 region, as described in application WO96 / 22378 or in the E3 region.
- Ad-GDNF Recombinant adenovirus of serotype Ad5 comprising, inserted into its genome in place of the deleted region E1, a GDNF expression cassette composed of the cDNA coding for GDNF under the control of a transcriptional promoter (in particular the RSV LTR). Details of the construction are given in application WO95 / 26408). An alternative construction comprises an additional deletion in the E4 region, as described in application WO96 / 22378.
- Ad-NT3 Recombinant adenovirus of serotype Ad5 comprising, inserted into its genome in place of the deleted region E1, an expression cassette for the NT.3 gene composed of the cDNA coding for NT3 under the control of a transcriptional promoter (in particular the RSV LTR).
- An alternative construction includes an additional deletion in the E4 region. as described in application W096 / 22378.
- Ad-BDNF Recombinant adenovirus of serotype Ad5 comprising, inserted into its genome in place of the deleted region E1, a BDNF expression cassette composed of the cDNA coding for BDNF under the control of a transcriptional promoter (in particular the RSV LTR). Details of the construction are given in application WO95 / 25804). An alternative construction comprises an additional deletion in the E4 region, as described in application WO96 / 22378.
- Ad-FGFa Recombinant adenovirus of serotype Ad5 comprising, inserted into its genome in place of the deleted region E1, an FGFa expression cassette composed of cDNA coding for FGFa under the control of a transcriptional promoter (in particular the LTR of RSV)
- a transcriptional promoter in particular the LTR of RSV
- An alternative construction comprises an additional deletion in the E4 region, such as described in application W096 / 22378
- the functionality of the constructed viruses is verified by infection of fibroblasts in culture.
- the presence of the corresponding neurotrophic factor is analyzed in the culture supernatant by ELISA and / or by highlighting the trophic properties of this supernatant on primary neuronal cultures.
- mice 10 9 pfu of each of the adenoviruses (final volume 200 ⁇ l) are thus injected into the caudal vein using 1 a Ham ⁇ lton-type microsyringe ( ⁇ In newborn pmn mice (age 2-3 days), identified by 1 absence of a supernumerary finger, 2 ⁇ 10 9 pfu (final volume 20 ⁇ l) of the adenoviral suspension are injected into the retinal vein a 1 using an insulin-type microsyringe fitted with a 30 G needle. Newborn animals are slightly anaesthetized with 1 ether and in a hypothermic state.
- the animals are anesthetized by intrapentoneal injection of a mixture of diazepam (Vahum®, Roche. France) and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar®, France) at a rate of 2 ⁇ g / g and 60 ⁇ g / g of body weight respectively
- the electromyograph used is a latest generation device (Keypo ⁇ nt ( B) with all the software necessary for the acquisition and processing of electromyographic signals. This equipment is rented from the company Dantec (Les Uhs, France) Electromyography of stimulus detection response evoked motor fREM)
- the muscles innervated by this nerve are the seat of an electrical response This occurs after a certain time (distal latency) which corresponds to the time from conduction of stimulation to the synapses , to which is added the signal transmission time in the synapse
- the amplitude of the response is proportional to the quantity of innervated muscle fibers
- the animals are killed by an overdose of chloroform and perfused intracardiac with a glutaraldehydc solution.
- the phrenic nerves are isolated, sampled, postfixed. by tetroxide osmium and included in the epoxy.
- the phrenic nerves are cut close to the diaphragm, sections with a 3 .mu.m thickness are stained with paraphenyldiamine and analyzed by light microscopy.
- mice 2 to 3 days old, identified by the absence of a supernumerary finger were used for the injection of adenoviral vector.
- AdlacZ coding in E. coli for ⁇ -galactosidase (Stratford-Perncaudet. 1992), was used as an adcnoviral control vector.
- treatment of pmn mice with AdCNTF induces a reduction of 20% in the loss of myelinated fibers (Fig. 4).
- results show that all the animals in the treated group died at an age greater than or equal to the age of the oldest living animal in the control group. These results also show an increase in the lifespan in the animals treated with 30 days on average, compared to control animals. These results are particularly unexpected and, compared to the 13 days obtained with Rilutek®, demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the method of the invention.
- Ad-NT3 Ad-NT3
- Ad-BDNF adenovirus 10 9 pfu of Ad-BDNF adenovirus were injected (tail vein) using a microsyringe in a final volume of 200 ⁇ l to 4 animals aged 99 days. Over time, the electromyographic performances of the animals are monitored and compared to a control group. The average life is also recorded.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97940204A EP0929671A1 (fr) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Methode de traitement de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique |
SK318-99A SK31899A3 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Expression system of neurotrophic factor and pharmaceutical composition containing such expression system |
US09/254,617 US6723315B1 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
JP51330998A JP2001504088A (ja) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | 筋委縮性側索硬化症の治療方法 |
AU42125/97A AU740641B2 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
BR9711955A BR9711955A (pt) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Utiliza-Æo de um sistema de expressÆo de fatores neurotrÄpicos para a prepara-Æo de uma composi-Æo famac-utica destinada ao tratamento das doen-as degenerativas dos motoneur-nios |
HU9903779A HUP9903779A3 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
IL12818597A IL128185A0 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
NO991158A NO991158L (no) | 1996-09-13 | 1999-03-10 | FremgangsmÕte for behandling av amyotrofisk lateralsklerose |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR96/11186 | 1996-09-13 | ||
FR9611186A FR2753379B1 (fr) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Methode de traitement de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998011213A1 true WO1998011213A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 |
Family
ID=9495715
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/001589 WO1998011213A1 (fr) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Methode de traitement de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6723315B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0929671A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001504088A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20010029506A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1155706C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU740641B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9711955A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2259283A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ84799A3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2753379B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP9903779A3 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL128185A0 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO991158L (fr) |
SK (1) | SK31899A3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998011213A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA978257B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3436078A4 (fr) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-10-16 | University of Cincinnati | Méthodes et compositions pour le traitement de la sla |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL162630A0 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-11-20 | Salk Inst For Biological Studi | A composition containing a viral vector containinga heterologous gene to be transduced into a neuron |
US20070049630A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-01 | Allergan, Inc. | Method of using ryanodine receptor antagonists to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
US20110268729A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-11-03 | Bams Abila | Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by nogo-a-antagonist |
WO2014043696A2 (fr) | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-20 | The Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital | Compositions et procédés de traitement de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique |
AU2014346987A1 (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2016-06-23 | The Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital | Compositions and methods for inhibiting NF-kB and SOD-1 to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
EP3844285A4 (fr) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-06-29 | Rowan University | Méthodes de traitement ou de prévention de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique |
Citations (5)
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WO1991004316A2 (fr) * | 1989-09-15 | 1991-04-04 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Facteur neurotrophique ciliaire |
EP0558861A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-08 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Application de l'amino-2-trifluoromethoxy-6-benzothiazole (Riluzole) pour obtenir un médicament destiné au traitement des maladies du motoneurone |
WO1994008026A1 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-04-14 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Vecteurs d'adenovirus pour le transfert de genes etrangers dans des cellules du systeme nerveux central, en particulier du cerveau |
WO1995025804A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-28 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Adenovirus recombinants codant pour le facteur neurotrophique derive du cerveau (bdnf) |
WO1995026408A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-05 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Adenovirus recombinants codant pour le facteur neurotrophique des cellules gliales (gdnf) |
Family Cites Families (2)
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FR2724945B1 (fr) | 1994-09-27 | 1996-12-27 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Vecteurs viraux et utilisation en therapie genique |
CA2295029A1 (fr) | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-14 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Dispositif permettant un transfert in vivo optimise de vecteurs d'acides nucleiques dans des tissus |
-
1996
- 1996-09-13 FR FR9611186A patent/FR2753379B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-10 WO PCT/FR1997/001589 patent/WO1998011213A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-10 KR KR1019997002112A patent/KR20010029506A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-10 CN CNB971964149A patent/CN1155706C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-10 HU HU9903779A patent/HUP9903779A3/hu unknown
- 1997-09-10 CZ CZ99847A patent/CZ84799A3/cs unknown
- 1997-09-10 US US09/254,617 patent/US6723315B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-10 SK SK318-99A patent/SK31899A3/sk unknown
- 1997-09-10 EP EP97940204A patent/EP0929671A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-10 AU AU42125/97A patent/AU740641B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-10 JP JP51330998A patent/JP2001504088A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-10 CA CA002259283A patent/CA2259283A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-10 BR BR9711955A patent/BR9711955A/pt unknown
- 1997-09-10 IL IL12818597A patent/IL128185A0/xx unknown
- 1997-09-12 ZA ZA9708257A patent/ZA978257B/xx unknown
-
1999
- 1999-03-10 NO NO991158A patent/NO991158L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
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WO1991004316A2 (fr) * | 1989-09-15 | 1991-04-04 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Facteur neurotrophique ciliaire |
EP0558861A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-08 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Application de l'amino-2-trifluoromethoxy-6-benzothiazole (Riluzole) pour obtenir un médicament destiné au traitement des maladies du motoneurone |
WO1994008026A1 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-04-14 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Vecteurs d'adenovirus pour le transfert de genes etrangers dans des cellules du systeme nerveux central, en particulier du cerveau |
WO1995025804A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-28 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Adenovirus recombinants codant pour le facteur neurotrophique derive du cerveau (bdnf) |
WO1995026408A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-05 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Adenovirus recombinants codant pour le facteur neurotrophique des cellules gliales (gdnf) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3436078A4 (fr) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-10-16 | University of Cincinnati | Méthodes et compositions pour le traitement de la sla |
EP4008356A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-31 | 2022-06-08 | University of Cincinnati | Procédés et compositions pour le traitement de la sla |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9711955A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
FR2753379A1 (fr) | 1998-03-20 |
CN1225131A (zh) | 1999-08-04 |
ZA978257B (en) | 1998-03-24 |
NO991158D0 (no) | 1999-03-10 |
HUP9903779A3 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
IL128185A0 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
KR20010029506A (ko) | 2001-04-06 |
SK31899A3 (en) | 1999-10-08 |
US6723315B1 (en) | 2004-04-20 |
EP0929671A1 (fr) | 1999-07-21 |
HUP9903779A2 (hu) | 2000-03-28 |
JP2001504088A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
FR2753379B1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 |
CA2259283A1 (fr) | 1998-03-19 |
AU4212597A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
CN1155706C (zh) | 2004-06-30 |
NO991158L (no) | 1999-03-10 |
CZ84799A3 (cs) | 1999-06-16 |
AU740641B2 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
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