WO1998001780A1 - Optimized birefringent fiber switch - Google Patents
Optimized birefringent fiber switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998001780A1 WO1998001780A1 PCT/US1997/011698 US9711698W WO9801780A1 WO 1998001780 A1 WO1998001780 A1 WO 1998001780A1 US 9711698 W US9711698 W US 9711698W WO 9801780 A1 WO9801780 A1 WO 9801780A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- birefringence
- switch
- input signal
- signal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3515—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3511—Self-focusing or self-trapping of light; Light-induced birefringence; Induced optical Kerr-effect
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to an optical fiber switch and, more particularly, to a biref ⁇ ngent optical fiber switch with a large effective area and a minimum linear birefringence
- An optical fiber switch includes an optical fiber with a birefringence which can maintain an input signal in one of two perpendicular polarization paths and a laser pump coupled to the optical fiber and which can generate a gating signal
- the optical fiber switch operates by having an input signal propagate in one of the two perpendicular polarization modes in the optical fiber until a gating signal is input into the optical fiber in the same polarization mode as the input signal is propagating in If the gating signal has sufficient power, the gating signal induces non-linear birefringence in the optical fiber causing the input signal to switch orientation and propagate in the other polarization mode
- the optical fiber in the optical fiber switch described above is selected to be strongly biref ⁇ ngent, i e 10 or greater, and if the optical fiber is strongly birefnngent, then the optical fiber has a small effective area, i e less than 40 microns 2
- the main problem with the optical fiber switch described above is that an input signal in the optical fiber switch experiences an undesirable amount of non-linear effects which degrade the input signal
- the nonlinear effects include fiber fuse, which is discussed in “Experimental Investigation of the Fiber Fuse, "by D D Davis & S C Mettler, in Optical Fiber Conference,
- An optical fiber switch in accordance with the present invention includes an optical fiber, a gate signal generating system, and a coupling system
- the optical fiber has a birefringence between 10 "5 and 10 "6 and an effective area of at least 40 square microns
- the generating system generates a gating signal having a first power level which induces non-linear birefringence in the optical fiber causing an input signal in the optical fiber to switch polarization modes
- the coupling system couples the input signal and the gating signal into the optical fiber
- the optical fiber in the optical fiber switch is designed to minimize non-linear effects which would degrade an input signal in the optical fiber switch
- the optical fiber switch is able to reduce nonlinear effects, such as fiber fuse, the creation of higher order solitons, and cross- phase modulation, by using an optical fiber which has the minimum birefringence needed to maintain polarization and to ensure low polarization mode coupling and which has a larger effective area and requires a lower power level for the gating signal
- FIG 1 is a block diagram of an optimized biref ⁇ ngent fiber switch in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG 2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber in the optimized biref ⁇ ngent fiber switch taken along line 2-2 in FIG 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- optical fiber switch 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG 1 and includes an optical fiber 12 with a birefringence of between 10 "5 and 10 6 and an effective area of at least 40 square microns, a coupler 14, and a laser pump 18
- Optical fiber 12 in optical fiber switch 10 is designed to minimize non-linear effects which would degrade an input signal in optical fiber switch 10
- optical fiber switch 10 is designed to reduce the power level required by the gating signal to be able to induce non-linear birefringence and switch the input signal in optical fiber 12
- the combination of a gating signal with a lower power level and an optical fiber 12 with a minimum birefringence and a larger effective area reduces the amount of undesired nonlinear effects on input signals in optical fiber switch 10
- fiber optic switch 10 includes optical fiber 12 which is designed to have a birefringence sufficient enough to maintain polarization in first and second polarization modes in optical fiber 12, yet which is small enough to minimize non-linear effects which ⁇ degrade input signals in optical fiber switch 10
- the birefringence of optical fiber 12 is designed to be in the range of 10 '5 and 10 "6 which is the minimum range which is sufficient to maintain polarization and to ensure low polarization mode coupling
- Optical fiber 12 does not need to be as strongly biref ⁇ ngent as prior optical fibers discussed earlier to be able to maintain polarization
- optical fiber 12 Since optical fiber 12 is also likely to be twisted and bent during use, the minimum range of birefringence of optical fiber 12, preferably 10 "5 to 10 "6 , must be sufficient to prevent coupling between polarization modes in optical fiber 12 during bending and twisting of optical fiber 12 As explained below, a birefringence in the range of 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 '6 for optical fiber 12 is sufficient to prevent coupling between polarization modes in optical fiber 12 due to bending and twisting
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the input signal
- r is the radius of the fiber
- R is the radius of the bend
- optical fiber 12 can be bent to wrap around coil with a 10 cm diameter, which is acceptable for packaging, without causing coupling between polarization modes to occur
- Twisting of optical fiber 12 can also cause problems and effects the minimum birefringence which could be used
- the amount of power coupled from one polarization mode to another in an optical fiber due to twisting of the optical fiber is discussed in "Rotational Effects of Polarization in Optical Fiber in Anisotropic and Nonlinear Optical Waveguides" by R Dandliker, Elseview Press, 1992, which is herein incorporated by reference
- the amount of power in the two polarization modes in an optical fiber can be determined using the following matrix
- n is the inherent birefringence of optical fiber 12
- ⁇ is the twist induced birefringence
- y is the total birefringence
- d is the length of optical fiber
- ⁇ is the twist induced birefringence
- twist induced birefringence ⁇ is also given by
- Optical fiber 12 also has a larger effective area than prior optical fibers in optical fiber switches
- the effective area for optical fiber 12 is 40 square microns or greater
- increasing the effective area of optical fiber 12 helps to reduce non-linear effects on any input signal in optical fiber 12
- optical fiber 12 has an elliptical cross sectional shape with a short or fast axis 20 and a long or slow axis 22
- the elliptical cross- sectional shape of optical fiber 12 induces optical fiber 12 to have a birefringence and the particular elliptical cross-sectional shape of optical fiber 12 determines the amount of birefringence
- the ratio of the second length to the first length is about 2 1
- the ratio of the length of long axis 22 with respect to short axis 20 is about 1 5 to 1 to obtain a birefringence in the range of 10 5 and 10 '6
- the cross- sectional shape of optical fiber 12 is too elliptical, i e long axis 22 is much longer than short axis 20, then the gating signal will need a high amount of power to switch the input signal
- the cross-sectional shape of optical fiber 12 is too round, i e the length of long axis 22 and short axis 20 are about the same, then optical fiber
- Fiber optic switch 10 operates when an input signal is coupled into optical fiber 12 via coupler 14 to propagate in one of the polarization modes
- the birefringence of optical fiber 12 is in the range of 10 '5 and 10 "6 , which is sufficient to maintain polarization and ensures low polarization mode coupling
- the gating signal will induce non-linear birefringence in optical fiber 12 causing the input signal to switch and propagate in the other polarization mode, if the power level of the gating signal is sufficient
- the power level needed for the gating signal to induce non-linear birefringence in optical fiber 12 and cause the input signal to switch polarization modes depends upon the birefringence of optical fiber 12
- the birefringence of optical fiber 12 can be determined by the following equation, as discussed in M N Islam, Ultrafast Fiber Switching Devices and Systems, Cambridge University Press, 1992, which is herein incorporated by reference
- ⁇ N 0 33N 2 (I X - I y )
- N 2 is the nonlinear index of refraction of the core of optical fiber 12
- l x is the intensity of the input signal along the x-axis
- l y is the intensity of the input signal along the y-axis
- the power, P x of the gating signal will also be lower
- the power of the gating signal ranges between 0 1 and 10 kilowatts
- the amount of cross-phase modulation of an input signal in optical fiber 12 depends upon the power of the gating signal Reducing the amount of power required for the gating signal reduces the amount of cross-phase modulation
- optical fiber switch 10 is able to reduce non-linear effects, in particular fiber fuse and the generation of higher order solitons through Raman effect by reducing the birefringence, increasing effective area and reducing the power required for the gating signal
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97933288A EP0870211A4 (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
BR9706562A BR9706562A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
AU36509/97A AU3650997A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
US08/983,083 US5966479A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
MX9801850A MX9801850A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch. |
JP10505286A JPH11513142A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU96115314/28A RU2160459C2 (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1996-07-09 | Optical fiber switch |
RU96115314 | 1996-07-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998001780A1 true WO1998001780A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
Family
ID=20183828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/011698 WO1998001780A1 (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-07-01 | Optimized birefringent fiber switch |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0870211A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11513142A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19990044482A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1196801A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3650997A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9706562A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2222152A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ69898A3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0000035A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9801850A (en) |
PL (1) | PL325418A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2160459C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998001780A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4740994B2 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2011-08-03 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Light modulator |
CN104952137A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-09-30 | 华北理工大学 | Night-out detecting system for dormitory of college |
CN110221502B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-06-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | All-optical steep optical switch with second-order coupling dispersion and active nonlinear birefringent optical fiber coupler |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4784450A (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1988-11-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Apparatus for generating and amplifying new wavelengths of optical radiation |
US4895421A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1990-01-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Dynamic couplers using two-mode optical waveguides |
US5189676A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1993-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Broadband laser source |
US5386314A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-01-31 | At&T Corp. | Polarization-insensitive optical four-photon mixer with orthogonally-polarized pump signals |
US5617200A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-04-01 | Corning Incorporated | Pulse method for measurement of relative secondary path intensities in optical waveguide systems |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59200486A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Light amplifying device by optical fiber |
GB2151805B (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1987-05-28 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical elements |
RU2114453C1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1998-06-27 | Майер Александр Александрович | Method for switching optical waves of orthogonal polarization |
-
1996
- 1996-07-09 RU RU96115314/28A patent/RU2160459C2/en active
-
1997
- 1997-07-01 CN CN97190820A patent/CN1196801A/en active Pending
- 1997-07-01 HU HU0000035A patent/HUP0000035A2/en unknown
- 1997-07-01 AU AU36509/97A patent/AU3650997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-01 WO PCT/US1997/011698 patent/WO1998001780A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-01 CZ CZ98698A patent/CZ69898A3/en unknown
- 1997-07-01 JP JP10505286A patent/JPH11513142A/en active Pending
- 1997-07-01 KR KR1019980701730A patent/KR19990044482A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-01 BR BR9706562A patent/BR9706562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-01 CA CA002222152A patent/CA2222152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-01 PL PL97325418A patent/PL325418A1/en unknown
- 1997-07-01 MX MX9801850A patent/MX9801850A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-01 EP EP97933288A patent/EP0870211A4/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4784450A (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1988-11-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Apparatus for generating and amplifying new wavelengths of optical radiation |
US4895421A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1990-01-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Dynamic couplers using two-mode optical waveguides |
US5189676A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1993-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Broadband laser source |
US5386314A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-01-31 | At&T Corp. | Polarization-insensitive optical four-photon mixer with orthogonally-polarized pump signals |
US5617200A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-04-01 | Corning Incorporated | Pulse method for measurement of relative secondary path intensities in optical waveguide systems |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0870211A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX9801850A (en) | 1998-08-30 |
JPH11513142A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
AU3650997A (en) | 1998-02-02 |
EP0870211A4 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
EP0870211A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
RU2160459C2 (en) | 2000-12-10 |
HUP0000035A2 (en) | 2000-05-28 |
BR9706562A (en) | 1999-07-20 |
CA2222152A1 (en) | 1998-01-09 |
PL325418A1 (en) | 1998-07-20 |
CN1196801A (en) | 1998-10-21 |
CZ69898A3 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
KR19990044482A (en) | 1999-06-25 |
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