WO1997037954A9 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- WO1997037954A9 WO1997037954A9 WO9737954A9 WO 1997037954 A9 WO1997037954 A9 WO 1997037954A9 WO 9737954 A9 WO9737954 A9 WO 9737954A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- catalyst
- periodic table
- platinum group
- belonging
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L MgCl2 Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QBRKLGSYMHHFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[Ni] Chemical group CC[Ni] QBRKLGSYMHHFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000447 dimerizing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 claims 5
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008079 hexane Substances 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XRBQEYWBWZFUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexanoic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O XRBQEYWBWZFUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound Br[Pt]Br KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-diphenylphosphanylbutyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K Lanthanum(III) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L Platinum(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J Zirconium(IV) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- NMVXHZSPDTXJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-methylpropylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](Cl)Cl NMVXHZSPDTXJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium hydride Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIYYMMQIMJOTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) acetate Chemical compound [Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O AIYYMMQIMJOTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) iodide Chemical compound I[Ni]I BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Palladium(II) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIMIOEBMYPRQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L Picoplatin Chemical compound N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+2].CC1=CC=CC=N1 IIMIOEBMYPRQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005092 Ruthenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007424 ZnC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001539 acetonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M bis(2-methylpropyl)alumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](Cl)CC(C)C HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005340 bisphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JKFJJYOIWGFQGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromo-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound [Br-].CC(C)C[Al+]CC(C)C JKFJJYOIWGFQGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;propan-2-one Chemical compound O=C=O.CC(C)=O RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFGSACBYSGUJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(dihexyl)alumane Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCC[Al+]CCCCCC DFGSACBYSGUJDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C/C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQLVCAVEDIGMMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;cyclopentane;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.[CH-]1[CH-][CH-][CH-][CH-]1 NQLVCAVEDIGMMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXEHKWIXDXXQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromo(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CC(C)[Al+2] QXEHKWIXDXXQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RFUDQCRVCDXBGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloro(propyl)alumane Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCC[Al+2] RFUDQCRVCDXBGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaluminum Chemical compound CC[Al]CC CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FSRXIRGQJIHEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphane;ethane Chemical compound CC.C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 FSRXIRGQJIHEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXPNWBFRPIZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipropylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[Al+]CCC ZMXPNWBFRPIZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IQLZVNKEPYKBTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecylaluminum Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Al] IQLZVNKEPYKBTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VMLUVDHAXSZZSR-UHFFFAOYSA-L hexylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](Cl)Cl VMLUVDHAXSZZSR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003622 immobilized catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000036012 kel Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QCSGLAMXZCLSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Pt+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QCSGLAMXZCLSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZXDJCKVQKCNWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Pt+2] ZXDJCKVQKCNWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010938 white gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000832 white gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for dimerizing lower olefin which is easily and abundantly obtained in the petrochemical industry and leading to higher olefin, and a catalyst used in the method.
- the resulting higher olefins are important raw materials such as plasticizers.
- a catalyst obtained by adding various additives to a Ziegler type catalyst is used.
- JP-A-55-136236 and JP-A-59-210034 disclose dimerization reaction using a catalyst to which a polyol is added. According to these dimerization reactions, dimers can be obtained with higher selectivity compared to dimerization reactions using traditional Ziegler-type catalysts, but considering the by-production rate of high-boiling compounds, improvement is still There is room.
- phosphorus compounds and water are disclosed in JP-A-57-167932
- phosphorus compounds and dialuminoxanes are disclosed in JP-A-57-169433
- phosphorus compounds and active hydrogen compounds are disclosed in JP-A-221335.
- a dimerization reaction is disclosed using an added catalyst.
- this method is also insufficient in terms of the selectivity of the object, and this method is applicable only to â _ olefin, and the industrial use of pure â -olefin It is not suitable industrially considering that it is not easy to obtain.
- JP-A-4-41440 discloses dimerization of olefin using a catalyst obtained by adding a quaternary phosphonium salt to a Ziegler-type catalyst. It is still insufficient from the viewpoint of byproductivity.
- JP-A-8-27037 discloses that the selectivity of a dimer is improved by using a catalyst system in which an organoaluminum compound such as methylaluminoxane is added to a conventional Ziegler-type catalyst.
- an organoaluminum compound such as methylaluminoxane
- JP-A-9-24280 discloses biphasic catalysis.
- a new catalyst composition for the production of a catalyst for the oligomerization of orephine using the same has been published.
- This technology is a catalyst composed of catalyst component compounds such as lithium halides, halogenated carbyl aluminum halides, and nickel compounds, and the catalyst phase and the raw material phase are immiscible with liquid-liquid or solid-liquid. It relates to a heterogeneous catalyst constituting one phase.
- the present invention provides (1) at least one of a salt or a complex compound of a transition metal belonging to the platinum group in the periodic table, (2) at least one of an organoaluminum compound, and (3) an inorganic metal compound
- the present invention relates to a catalyst obtained by mixing at least one of them, and a dimerization method of lower olefin characterized by using the catalyst.
- the resulting mixture is mixed with at least one of a salt or a complex compound of a transition metal belonging to a platinum group in the periodic table. It is further preferred to prepare by adding it to lower olefin to be dimerized at a temperature of -50 to 200, preferably 0: to 100. In this state, the reaction system becomes uniform, and the catalytic reaction proceeds as a homogeneous catalytic reaction.
- the lower olefin referred to in the present invention is monoolefin of 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and represents, for example, ethylene, propylene, dibutene, isobutene, 2-butene, dihexene, diheptene and the like.
- ethylene, propylene, dibutene, isobutene, 2-butene, dihexene, diheptene and the like a dimerization product is useful as a raw material for a plasticizer.
- Butene, cis and trans 2-butene, isobutene or mixtures thereof are preferably used. It is also included in the present invention to dimerize using these orephins alone, or to codimerize using a mixture of any two or more of these orephins in any ratio.
- nickel salts include nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel iodide, nickel acetate, nickel 2-ethylhexanoate, nickel naphthenate, nickel nitrate and the like.
- the complex compound of nickel includes acetonitrile of nickel salt such as nickel chloride and nickel bromide, trifenyl phosphine, tributyl phosphine, 1, 2-bis diphenyl phosphine, 1, 4- bis diphenyl phosphine, etc.
- dicyclopentadienyl nickel, nickel acetylacetonato, etc. can be exemplified.
- nickel is preferable, and as a salt or complex compound thereof, nickel 2-ethylhexanoate is preferable.
- organoaluminum compounds include trialkylaluminum, dialkylaluminum halide, alkylaluminum dihalide, triarylaluminum, diallylaluminum halide, dihalogenated arylaluminum, dialkylaluminum alkoxide, alkylaluminum dialkoxide, dialkylaluminum Alkyl sulfides, alkyl aluminum dialkyl sulfides, dialkyl aluminum hydrides, alkyl aluminum di hydrides, aluminoxanes, etc. are included, but trialkyl aluminum, halogenated dialkyl aluminum or dihalogenated alkyl aluminum is preferable. Is used. These compounds may be used alone or in combination.
- the alkyl and the alkyl moiety in the alkoxide and alkyl sulfide are the same or different and have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl And so on.
- aryl refers to one having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, tolyl and naphthyl. Halogen is chlorine, bromine etc.
- aluminoxane represents polymethylaluminoxane, polyethylaluminoxane, tetramethylbisaluminoxane, tetraethylbisaluminoxane and the like.
- Salts or complexes of transition metals belonging to the platinum group in the periodic table and organoaluminum compounds may be supplied as a solution of an aprotic solvent such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, etc. In that case, you may use it as it is in solution.
- an aprotic solvent such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, etc. In that case, you may use it as it is in solution.
- the organic alkylaluminum compound used in the present invention is in the range of 10 6 to 10 1-1 in molar ratio to the raw material alephine, preferably 10 5 to 10 0 -5 more preferably 5 X used in the range of 1 0 5 to 1 0 2.
- the reaction temperature of the dimerization reaction of lower olefin according to the present invention is in the range of 0 to 150 ° C., preferably in the range of 20 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is determined by the composition and temperature inside the reactor and is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0 to 30 atm, preferably 1 to 10 atm. .
- the reaction time is 30 minutes to 20 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours. The longer the reaction time, the higher the conversion of lower olefin as the raw material, but the selectivity of dimer tends to decline by a thousand.
- EADC ethyl aluminum dichloride
- the pressure in the reactor showed 2.9 atm (gauge pressure) at the beginning of the reaction, but dropped to 0.3 atm after 1 hour.
- the butene conversion was 64%, and the selectivity for octene was 84 octene: dodecene (trimer): hexadecene (tetramer) ratio was 95: 4: 1.
- the catalyst yield at this time was 5325 kg-octene / kg-nickel.
- Nickel octyrate represents 2-ethyl nickel oxalate.
- Example 2 A process similar to Example 1 was carried out under the reaction conditions shown in Table 3, using a treated EADC prepared by the same method as in Reference Example 1 replacing aluminum chloride with the metal compounds listed in Table 3. The dimerization reaction of mixed butenes was carried out.
- Octylic acid ickel represents 2-ethylhexanoic acid nickel.
- B- octylic acid Ni represents 2-ethylhexyl nickelate.
- a treated EADC prepared by adding lithium chloride was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 or 2. However, since there were no insolubles in this case, the treated EADC was used as it was for the dimerization reaction.
Description
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(Ni)*a (EADC)*b
2 66% 50Ÿ 4848 131 91:5:3
3 77% 60% 5864 158 91:6:3
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*b EADClkgãããåŸãããã©ã¯ãã³ã®åéïŒkg) å®æœäŸ 4ã 1 1
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4 ZnC 21 g 78.7 mg 0.4niã 45°C 2æ [ill
5 ZnCl2 21 g 71.7 mg 0.4mã 45°C 7æå
6 LiCl 20 g 75.2 mg 0.4niL 45°C 2æ ίΰÎ
7 LiCl 20 g 74.7 mg 0. IIIL 45°C nm
8 MgCl2 21 g 72.4 mg 0.5iiiã 45°C 2æ [ΰ]
9 MgCl2 20 g 78.4 mg 0.5mL 45°C 7æ fill
1 0 CaC 20 g 79.9 mg 0.4niL 45°C 2æ iUl
1 1 CaCl2 20 g 78.2 mg 0.4mL 45°C 7æ ίÏίÎ
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第 4è¡š å®æœäŸ ããã³è»¢åç æã¯ãã³åç 觊åªåç 觊åªåç ã©ã¯ãã³ïŒããã»ã³ïŒãžããµãã»ã³
(Ni)*a (EADC)*
4 53Ÿ 44Ÿ 4347 118 96: :3: 1
5 74Ÿ 62% 6701 181 94: :4: 1
6 63Ÿ 57% 5590 151 95: :3: :0
7 79% 70% 6897 186 95: :4: :0
8 66Ÿ 50% 5115 138 91: :6: :3
9 85Ÿ 67% 6203 168 92: :6: :2
1 0 64% 53% 4818 130 97: :3: :0
1 1 76Ÿ 62% 5816 157 94: :5: ïŒ 1
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第 5è¡š å®æœäŸ éå±ååç© *a ããã³ ã©ã¯ãã«é
ž Ni*b åŠç EADC åå¿æž©åºŠ åå¿æé
1 2 A1C13(5) 20g 75.5mg 0.12mL 45°C 2æé
LiCl (15)
1 3 A1C13(5) 20g 77.5mg 0.12mL 45°C 7æé
LiCl (15)
1 5 MgCl2(5) 20g 81.5mg 0. llmL 45°C 7æé
LiCl (15)
1 6 20g 73.2mg 0.12mL 45°C 2æé
1 7 NaCl (5) 20g 74.6mg 0.13mL 45°C 2æé
LiCl (15)
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第 6è¡š å®æœäŸ ããã³è»¢åç ã©ã¯ãã³åç 觊åªåç 觊åªåç ã©ã¯ãã³ïŒã'ãã»ã³ïŒ Îããµãã»ã³
(N i ) *a (EADC)
1 3 88Ÿ 79Ÿ 7700 208 94 5 1
1 4 75% 66Ÿ 6452 177 95 4 1
1 5 88Ÿ 78% 6868 186 93 6 1
1 6 77% 65Ÿ 6514 176 94 5 1
1 7 66Ÿ 62Ÿ 6373 172 95 4 1
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第 7è¡šã«èšèŒã®åå¿æ¡ä»¶ã§ã åèäŸ 1ã§åŸãããå¡©åã¢ã«ãããŠã ãå ã㊠調補ããåŠç EADCã®ä»£ããã« EADCãçšããããšä»¥å€ã¯å®æœäŸ 1ãšåæ§ã®æäœã§ ã æ··åããã³ã®äºéååå¿ãè¡ã£ãã
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2 20g 1 16. 1 nig 0. 5 HIã 5°C 2æ R51
3 20g 197. 7 mg 0. 5 Ïιã 45°C 2æå æ°Žã©ã¯ãã«é
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第 8è¡š æ¯èŒäŸ ããã³è»¢åç ã©ã¯ãã³åç 觊åªåç * ã©ã¯ãã³ïŒããã»ã³:ãžããµãã»ã³
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3 44% 39Ÿ 32. 4 83 . 10 . 7
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åèäŸ 2
äºã€å£ãã©ã¹ã³ã®äžæ¹ã®å£ã«ãžã ããŒãå·åŽç®¡ãã€ããåæ°Žåšãã€ãã ãã äžæ¹ã®å£ã«ã¯ã·äžã©ã ãã£ãããã€ãã äžã«ãã«ãšã³ïŒ30 mljããã³å¡©åã¢ã« ããã¥ã ïŒ0. 732 g)ãä»èŸŒãã ã ãã©ã¹ã³ããªã€ã«ãã¹ã§å ç±ãã ãã«ãšã³ã éæµããã åæ°Žåšã«ãã£ãŠåé¢ããæ°Žãç³»å€ã«åºãæäœãè¡ãããšã§ä¹Ÿç¥å¡©å ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã®ãã«ãšã³åæ£æ¶²ãåŸãã åŸãããåæ£æ¶²ã宀枩ãŸã§å·åŽãã ã· âã©ã ãã£ãããä»ããå£ãã EADC (50w ãã«ãšã³æº¶æ¶²ã 1 0 mLã æ¥æ¬ã¢ã«ã ã«ã¢ã«ã ïŒæ ªïŒ ãã賌å
¥ïŒãå ããŠå®€æž©äžã« 2æéæ¹æããã äžæº¶ç©ãæ²éãã ã äžæŸã¿æ¶²ãå¥ã®å®å
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äºã¥ã ãå ããŠèª¿è£œããåŠç EADCãåŸãã
åæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã å¡©åã¢ã«ãããŠã ã«ä»£ããŠå¡©åãžã«ã³ããŠã ã å¡©åãã°ãã· ã¥ã ã å¡©åäºéã å¡©åãããªãŠã ã å¡©åã©ã³ã¿ã³ãŸãã¯å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãå ã ãŠèª¿è£œããåŠç EADCãããããåŸãã
åèäŸ 3
åèäŸ 1ãŸã㯠2ãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã å¡©åãªããŠã ãå ããŠèª¿è£œããåŠç EADC ãåŸãã ãã ãã ãã®å Žåã¯äžæº¶ç©ããªãã£ãã®ã§ã åŠç EADCããã®ãŸãŸäºé ååå¿ã«äœ¿çšããã
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æ¬çºæã«ããã éåžžã«é«ãäºéäœã®åçããã³éžæçãã€éåžžã«é«ã觊åªå çã§äœçŽã©ã¬ãã£ã³ããéåããæ¹æ³ã ãªãã³ã«è©²æ¹æ³ã«çšãããã觊åªãæ äŸããããšãã§ããã
Claims
1 . ( 1 ) åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®ãã¡ã® å°ãªããšãäžã€ã ïŒ2 ) ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ã ã ãã³ ïŒ3 ) ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ã®äžæåç³»ãããªã觊åªã çšããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããäœçŽã©ã¬ãã£ã³ã®ãéåæ³ã
2 . äœçŽã©ã¬ãã£ã³ã«å¯æº¶ãªè§Šåªãçšãã åå¿ãåäžç¶æ
ã§è¡ãããšãç¹åŸŽ ãšããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
3 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéãã åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»é å±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã«å¯Ÿãã ã¢ã«æ¯ã§ 5ã3 0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 1èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
4 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéãã åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»é å±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã«å¯Ÿãã ã¢ã«æ¯ã§ 5ã 3 0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 2èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
5 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ãããã±ã«ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1ã 4 ããããã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
6 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã 2 âã§ãã«ãž ããµã³é
žããã±ã«ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 5èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
7 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã ããã²ã³åãžã¡ ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã³ãžããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãããªã矀ãã éžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1ã4ããããã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ ã
8 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãã§ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãžã¯ããªãã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 7èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
9 . ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã ãã¿ã³ã ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã ãã°ãã·ãŠã ã äºéã ãããªãŠã ã ãªããŠã ã ã©ã³ã¿ã³ããã³ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã®åããã²ã³åç© ãããªã矀ããéžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1ã4ããããã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
1 0 . ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ãå¡©åã¢ã«ãããŠã ã å¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ã å¡©åäºéã å¡© åãªããŠã ããã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãããªã矀ããéžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 9èšèŒ ã®æ¹æ³ã
1 1 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã 2 -
ããµã³é
žããã±ã«ã§ããã ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãã§ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãžã¯ ã㪠ãã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 0èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
1 2 . ( 1 ) åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®ãã¡ã® å°ãªããšãäžã€ã ïŒ2 ) ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ã ã ãã³ ïŒ3 ) ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ã®ãã¡ã®å°ãªããšãäžã€ãæ··åããŠåŸããã觊åªã
1 3 . äœçŽã©ã¬ãã£ã³ã«å¯æº¶ãªè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 2èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 4 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéãã åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»é å±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã«å¯Ÿãã ã¢ã«æ¯ã§ 5ã3 0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 1 2èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 5 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéãã åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»é å±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã«å¯Ÿãã ã¢ã«æ¯ã§ 5ã3 0ã®ç¯å²ã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 1 3èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 6 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ãããã±ã«ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 2ã 1 5ããããã«èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 7 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã 2 âã§ãã«ãž ããµã³é
žããã±ã«ã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 6èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 8 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã ããã²ã³åãžã¡ ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã³ãžããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãããªã矀ãã éžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 2ã 1 5ããããã«èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
1 9 . ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãã§ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãžã¯ã㪠ãã§ããè«æ±ã® ç¯å² 1 8èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
2 0 . ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ãã¢ã«ãããŠã ã ãã¿ã³ã ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã ãã°ãã·ãŠã ã äºéã ãããªãŠã ã ãªããŠã ã ã©ã³ã¿ã³ããã³ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã®åããã²ã³åç© ãããªã矀ããéžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 1 2ã 1 5ããããã«èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
2 1 . ç¡æ©éå±ååç©ãå¡©åã¢ã«ãããŠã ã å¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ã å¡©åäºéã å¡© åãªããŠã ããã³å¡©åã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãããªã矀ããéžæãããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 2 0èš èŒã®è§Šåªã
2 2 . åšæåŸè¡šã§çœéæã«å±ããé·ç§»éå±ã®å¡©ãŸãã¯é¯ååç©ã 2âã§ãã«ãž ããµã³é
žããã±ã«ã§ããã ææ©ã¢ã«ãããŠã ååç©ãã§ãã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãžã¯ ã㪠ãã§ããè«æ±ã®ç¯å² 2 1èšèŒã®è§Šåªã
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