WO1997019130A1 - Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997019130A1 WO1997019130A1 PCT/NL1996/000433 NL9600433W WO9719130A1 WO 1997019130 A1 WO1997019130 A1 WO 1997019130A1 NL 9600433 W NL9600433 W NL 9600433W WO 9719130 A1 WO9719130 A1 WO 9719130A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- process according
- parts
- compound
- added
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3435—Piperidines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising preparing a blend of a rubber and a thermoplastic resin in which the rubber is at least partially vulcanized by using a phenolic curative.
- thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic vulcanizate, TPV
- the phenolic cura ⁇ tive used to prepare such a TPV, generally comprises a phenolic resin, sometimes in the presence of a cure activator; the activator generally includes metal salts and halogen donors.
- a defect of the known process is that pro ⁇ ducts made from the so-obtained thermoplastic vulcani- zates often show surface cracking within a short period of time. The products often have an undesired surface roughness.
- Another problem is the low efficiency of hindered amine light stabilizer-compounds (the socalled HALS-compounds) , added as UV-stabilizer , compared to their efficiency in thermoplastic resin compounds.
- thermoplastic elastomer with improved physical, especially surface properties.
- the invention is characterized in that an effective amount of a Lewis base is added after the desired degree of vulcanization of the rubber is obtai ⁇ ned.
- a base is a substance that can furnish an electron pair to form a covalent bond.
- a base is an electron-pair donor.
- the rubber to be used in the process for the preparation of the thermoplastic elastomer according to the present invention may be any natural or synthetic rubber which can be cured with a phenolic curative. This is especially the case for ethylene ⁇ -olefin diene terpolymer (EADM) and for butylrubber.
- the EADM-rubber contains as the second monomer an ⁇ -olefin, which can be propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, octene-1 or the like or a branched isomer thereof like 4-methyl- pentene-1, and further styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and the like. Also mixtures of ⁇ -ole- fins are applicable. Preference is given to propylene and/or butene-1 as the ⁇ -olefin. Greater preference is given to propylene; the resulting terpolymer is an ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer (EPDM) .
- ⁇ -olefin can be propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, octene-1 or the like or a branched isomer thereof like 4-methyl- pentene-1, and further styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and
- the third monomer in such an EADM or EPDM can be any conventionally applied monomer in such rubber, like hexadiene-1 , 4 , dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene norbornene. Preference is given to ethylidene norborne ⁇ ne as third monomer.
- the butylrubber when used as the essential rubber element of the thermoplastic elastomer of the present invention, can be an amorphous copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene or an amorphous terpolymer of isobutylene, isoprene and a divinyl aromatic monomer.
- butylrubber also comprises the halogenated form of the above mentioned co- and terpolymer.
- Thermo ⁇ plastic elastomers based on butylrubber are disclosed in e.g. USP 4,130,534 and EP-A-376 ,227.
- thermoplastic resin to be used in the process for the preparation of the thermoplastic elas ⁇ tomer according to the present invention 'ha be any polymer which behaves like a ther oplast in the tempe- rature range between 100 and 350°C; care should be taken that the processing temperature (i.e. the tempe ⁇ rature at which the thermoplastic elastomer is prepared or used) is sufficiently lower than the decomposition temperature of the resin.
- the processing temperature i.e. the tempe ⁇ rature at which the thermoplastic elastomer is prepared or used
- examples of such resins are thermoplastic resins like polyesters, nylons, polycar ⁇ bonates, styrene/acrylonitril copolymers as well as the preferred thermoplastic polyolefin resins.
- thermoplastic elastomer resulting from the process generally comprises 20-500 parts of rubber per 100 parts of thermoplastic resin, more preferably between 30-400 parts and most preferred between 50 and 300 parts.
- the rubber in the thermoplastic elastomer is at least partially cured with the phenolic curative.
- Any phenolic curing system which cures the rubber is suitable in the invention. Preference can be given to the phenolic curing systems mentioned in the above cited USP '628 (indicating both the phenolic curing resin and the cure activator).
- the rubber is at least partially vulcanized.
- One method for determining the degree of vulcanization is by measuring the amount of rubber, extractable from the prepared product by using boiling xylene as the extractant. Such a method can be found in the earlier mentioned USP '628. According to such a method, the rubber in the thermoplastic elastomer prepared in the process of the invention is vulcanized to the extent that not more than 50%, preferably not more than 15% and even more preferred not more than 5% of the rubber is extractable in boiling xylene.
- an effective amount of a Lewis base is added at a moment where the desired degree of vulcanization of the rubber is obtained.
- an amount of 0.1-10 parts of the Lewis base, per 100 parts of rubber and thermoplas ⁇ tic resin, is sufficient and effective to obtain the benificial effects of the present invention. More pre ⁇ ferably, an amount of 0.25-5 parts is used.
- Lewis base Any ingredient which behaves like a Lewis base according to the given definition is suitable for use in the present invention.
- Components which can be used as the Lewis base are, for example, :
- the hydrotalcite material may be a natural mineral or a synthetic hydrotalcite-1ike material; it may be used in dried (calcined or anhydrous) or parti ⁇ ally dried form. When it contains a surface active agent, the latter is preferably anionic.
- the hydrotalcite materials useful in the method of the invention are generally defined as "mag ⁇ nesium-aluminium-hydroxide carbonate hydrates", but they need not contain carbonates for the purposes of the present invention.
- An example of a synthetic hydrotalcite is a material having the formula Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 C0 3 .4H 2 0. A synthetic hydrotalcite-like compound available from Kyowa Chemical Company Ltd.
- DHT-4A has the formula Mg 4 . s Al 2 (0H) 13 C0 3 .3.5 H 2 0.
- a form contai- ning less water of hydration i.e. less than 3.5 moles of water of hydration per mole of compound
- One group of suitable carbonate free hydro- talcite-like materials has the formula:
- Synthetic hydrotalcites are also described in detail in Clays and Clay Minerals, 28 , No. 1 at page 50-56 (1980).
- Another type of (carbonate-free) hydrotalcite material suitable for use in the process of the inven ⁇ tion has the formula:
- thermo- plastic elastomers to which UV-stabilizers, like in the form of HALS-compounds , are added.
- UV-stabilizers like in the form of HALS-compounds
- the efficiency of such HALS-compounds is significantly improved when using the process of the present invention.
- HALS-compounds alone (i.e. without using the addition of the Lewis base) does only bring a temporary UV-stability of the thermoplastic elastomer. After a relative short period of time the UV-stability deteriorates.
- This problem is overcome by adding, according to the process of the present inven- tion, to the blend, after the desired degree of vulca ⁇ nization is obtained, an effective amount of both the Lewis base and the HALS-compound.
- the skilled man is aware of the commercial existence of different types of HALS-compounds, which he can select for its purpose.
- Tinuvin®123; 144; 622; 765; 770 and 780 Hals®57; 62; 63; 68; Dastib®845, Uvinul®- 4050, Chimasorb®-944 and HMBTAD®, all compounds being based on the effectiveness of the presence of one or more piperidinyl-groups.
- HALS-compound i ⁇ A criterium for the HALS-compound i ⁇ that it on one hand is not too volatile under processing condi ⁇ tions (i.e. at temperatures between 100 and 300°C) as a result of which the compound could evaporate from the thermoplastic elastomer, and on the other hand be suf ⁇ ficient mobile to be able to migrate through the pro- duct. This is preferably achieved when the HALS com ⁇ pound has a molecular weight between 250 and 5000, more preferably between 300 and 1000.
- the HALS-compound used in preparing the ther ⁇ moplastic elastomer is generally used in an amount not exceeding 7.5 wt.% per 100 wt.% of the thermoplastic elastomer? more preference is given to an amount not exceeding 5 wt.%; even more preferred is an amount of 0.1-2.5 wt.%.
- thermoplastic elas ⁇ tomer a blend comprising uncured rubber and thermo ⁇ plastic resin is first treated with the phenolic cura ⁇ tive and thereafter the Lewis base (and if used the HALS compound; preferably in the sequence: first the Lewis base and then the HALS-compound) is added. Then optimal results are obtained.
- the process for preparing the thermoplastic elastomer can be any process by which a blend of an at least partially cured rubber and a thermoplastic resin can be obtained. Preference is given to a process in which the blend is made by dynamic curing (i.e. the process of mixing and curing of the rubber and the thermoplastic resin are taking place in the same pro ⁇ cess step). It is to the skilled man to avoid severe premature vulcanization (curing) while the mixing pro ⁇ cess is not completed. Reference can be given to the above mentioned USP '628 and USP '534.
- Equipment quali ⁇ fied to be used in a process according to the invention can be any mixing apparatus for blending polymers. The process can be executed in batch equipment (like Banbu- ry mixers); preference is given to the use of continu- ous operating equipment, like a twinscrew extruder.
- thermo ⁇ plastic elastomer of the present invention by first preparing a blend of already, at least partially, vul ⁇ canized rubber with the thermoplastic resin and adding to said blend an effective amount of the Lewis base, and where appropriate, the HALS-compound. Care should be taken that the particle size of the so-used rubber is sufficiently small (in the order of 1-50 ⁇ m ) in order to obtain adequate properties.
- thermoplastic elastomer can contain other additives and fillers commonly used in these types of products, like carbon black, pigments, flame retardants, processing aids, extender oils etc.
- thermoplastic elastomer of the inven ⁇ tion preferably also an UV-absorber is present.
- an absorber is known per se; reference can be made to J. Pospisil and P.P. Klemchuck in: "Oxidation inhibition in Organic Materials", vol. I, pag. 23 ff (1990).
- Exam ⁇ ples of UV absorbers are cyanoacrylates, phenylsalicy- lates, oxanilides, (di )hydroxybenzophenones and hy- droxyphenylbenzotriazoles.
- the products obtainable by a process accor ⁇ ding to the present invention are useful for making a variety of articles like hoses or mouldings.
- thermoplastic vulcanizate was prepared in a twinscrew extruder by dynamic vulcanization of a blend of 38 parts of polyp opylene and 124 parts of an EPDM- rubber (comprising 50 wt% of extender oil), under the influence of a curing system comprising (per 100 parts of EPDM) 5 parts of a phenolic curing resin (Schenact- ady SP1045) and 2.5 parts of SnCl 2 .2H 2 0 as activator. This resulted in a thermoplastic vulcanizate with a rubber extractable content in boiling xylene of 2.5%.
- Tinuvin 770 As UV-stabilizer ; the so-obtained product was te ⁇ sted for UV-stability in a Wheather-O-Meter (W.O.M. Ci- 64A (Xenon lamp, intensity 0.35 W/m 2 at 350 nm, boro- b ⁇ ro silicate filters, black panel temperature: 63°C, dry-wet cycle, 102/18 min. and 55% rel. humidity)). After a wheathering time of only 1000 hours the first surface cracks were observed.
- W.O.M. Ci- 64A Xenon lamp, intensity 0.35 W/m 2 at 350 nm, boro- b ⁇ ro silicate filters, black panel temperature: 63°C, dry-wet cycle, 102/18 min. and 55% rel. humidity
- Comparative Experiment B To the same TPV as in Comparative Experiment A was added 2 parts of DHT-4A, followed by 1 part of Tinuvin 770 (all per 100 parts of TPV). The first sur- face cracks were observed after a wheathering time of more than 4000 hours. Comparative Experiment B
- Comparative Experiment A was used to prepare a TPV comprising 48 parts of polypropy ⁇ lene and 104 parts of an EPDM-rubber (comprising 50 wt% of extender oil).
- the amount of curing system used was (per 100 parts of EPDM) 2.5 parts of phenolic curing resin (Schenactady SP1045) and 2.5 parts of SnCl 2 .2H 2 0 as activator. This resulted in a TPV having a rubber extractable content of 8.5%.
- To 100 parts of this TPV were added 1.5 parts of an UV- absorber (Tinuvin 328) plus 1.5 parts of the UV-stabi- lizer Tinuvin 770.
- Example II was repeated, but with 0.75 parts of Tinuvin 328 and 0.75 parts of Tinuvin 770.
- the re- tention results were:
- a TPV having the composition as described in Comparative Experiment A was prepared through a dynamic vulcanisation in a Banbury mixer, whereafter the pro ⁇ duct was fed to an extruder for pellatizing. Thereafter the granulate was extruded into a strip and this strip was judged on surface roughness; by hand, with the use of a microscope with a 200-fold magnification and using a Surftest (based on DIN 4768). The result was: a) a rough touch, as felt with the tip of the finger; b) large surface roughness, seen through the micro ⁇ scope; c) the average roughness R a , according to the surf- test and based on the formula:
- Example IV An analogous process as described in Compara ⁇ tive Experiment D was performed but at the end of the mixing process in the Banbury mixer, an amount of 0.5 parts of DTA-4A (per 100 parts of TPV) was added to the contents of the Banbury mixer. Thereafter the product was fed to an extruder for pelletizing after which the granulate was extruded into a strip which was judged on surface roughness. The result was: a) a smooth touch, as felt with the tip of the fin- ger ; b) a microscopic much less rough surface; c) in the Surftest an R a -value of 1.5 ⁇ m was determi ⁇ ned.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9519612A JP2000500523A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-06 | Preparation method of thermoplastic elastomer |
AU73436/96A AU7343696A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-06 | Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer |
BR9611601A BR9611601A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-06 | Process for preparing a thermoplastic elastomer |
EP96935590A EP0861289A1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-06 | Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer |
US09/079,217 US6051681A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1998-05-15 | Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95203152 | 1995-11-17 | ||
EP95203152.4 | 1995-11-17 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/079,217 Continuation US6051681A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1998-05-15 | Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997019130A1 true WO1997019130A1 (en) | 1997-05-29 |
Family
ID=8220838
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1996/000433 WO1997019130A1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-06 | Process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0861289A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000500523A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1207750A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7343696A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9611601A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2237989A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ153398A3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9803933A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997019130A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA969585B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7439304B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2008-10-21 | Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P. | Thermoplastic vulcanizates and process for making the same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4311628A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1982-01-19 | Monsanto Company | Thermoplastic elastomeric blends of olefin rubber and polyolefin resin |
EP0097330A1 (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1984-01-04 | Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for curing a curable halogen-containing rubber composition |
EP0109375A1 (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-05-23 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing elastoplastic compositions |
EP0519691A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Yukong Limited | Thermoplastic elastomer and process for preparation |
WO1993017070A1 (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-02 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Acid acceptor for polymers containing acid moieties |
-
1996
- 1996-11-06 CN CN96199637A patent/CN1207750A/en active Pending
- 1996-11-06 BR BR9611601A patent/BR9611601A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-06 CZ CZ981533A patent/CZ153398A3/en unknown
- 1996-11-06 JP JP9519612A patent/JP2000500523A/en active Pending
- 1996-11-06 EP EP96935590A patent/EP0861289A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-11-06 CA CA002237989A patent/CA2237989A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-06 AU AU73436/96A patent/AU7343696A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-06 WO PCT/NL1996/000433 patent/WO1997019130A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-14 ZA ZA969585A patent/ZA969585B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-05-18 MX MX9803933A patent/MX9803933A/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4311628A (en) * | 1977-11-09 | 1982-01-19 | Monsanto Company | Thermoplastic elastomeric blends of olefin rubber and polyolefin resin |
EP0097330A1 (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1984-01-04 | Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for curing a curable halogen-containing rubber composition |
EP0109375A1 (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-05-23 | Monsanto Company | Process for preparing elastoplastic compositions |
EP0519691A2 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Yukong Limited | Thermoplastic elastomer and process for preparation |
WO1993017070A1 (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-02 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Acid acceptor for polymers containing acid moieties |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7439304B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2008-10-21 | Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P. | Thermoplastic vulcanizates and process for making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX9803933A (en) | 1998-09-30 |
AU7343696A (en) | 1997-06-11 |
BR9611601A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
CZ153398A3 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
CN1207750A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
EP0861289A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
ZA969585B (en) | 1997-06-02 |
JP2000500523A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
CA2237989A1 (en) | 1997-05-29 |
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