WO1997018214A1 - Hemoregulatory compounds - Google Patents

Hemoregulatory compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997018214A1
WO1997018214A1 PCT/US1996/018247 US9618247W WO9718214A1 WO 1997018214 A1 WO1997018214 A1 WO 1997018214A1 US 9618247 W US9618247 W US 9618247W WO 9718214 A1 WO9718214 A1 WO 9718214A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formula
compound
pyrazine
alkyl
xylenediyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/018247
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pradip Kumar Bhatnagar
Dirk Andries Heerding
Stephen Michael Locastro
Original Assignee
Smithkline Beecham Corporation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smithkline Beecham Corporation filed Critical Smithkline Beecham Corporation
Priority to US09/068,491 priority Critical patent/US6046197A/en
Priority to JP9519062A priority patent/JP2000500463A/en
Priority to EP96939701A priority patent/EP0861255A4/en
Publication of WO1997018214A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997018214A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds which have hemoregulatory activities and can be used to stimulate hematopoiesis and for the treatment of viral, fungal and bacterial infectious diseases.
  • the hematopoietic system is a life-long cell renewal process whereby a defined stem cell population gives rise to a larger population of mature, differentiated blood cells (Dexter TM. Stem cells in normal growth and disease Br Med J 1987; 195:1192-1194) of at least nine different cell lineages
  • Stem cells are also ultimately responsible for regenerating bone marrow following treatment with cytotoxic agents or following bone marrow
  • Myelosuppression is predictable and has been reported to be dose-limiting in greater than 50% of single-agent Phase I trials cytotoxic compounds (Merrouche Y, Catimel G, Clavel M. Hematopoietic growth factors and chemoprotectants; should we move toward a two-step process for phase I clinical trials in oncology? Ann Oncol 1993; 4:471 -474).
  • the risk of infection is directly related to the degree of myelosuppression as measured by the severity and duration of neutropenia (Brody GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationship between circulating leukocytes and infections with acute leukemia. Ann In Med 1965; 64:328-334).
  • the control of hematopoiesis involves the interplay of a variety of cytokines and growth factors during various stages of the hematopoietic cascade, including early pluripotent stem cells and mature circulating effector cells.
  • These regulatory molecules include granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and a variety of interleukins which have overlapping, additive and synergistic actions which play major roles in host defense.
  • myelotoxicity include the use of hematopoietic growth factors and/or other hematopoietic cytokines. Such treatments are becoming common practice, in that they offer the potential of increased doses of cytotoxic agents that may improve the therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastic agents, and reduce the morbidity associated with their use (Steward WP. Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors, Lancet 1993; 342:153- 157). Clinical studies have demonstrated the G-, GM- and/or M-CSF may reduce the duration of
  • neutropenia accelerate myeloid recovery, and reduce neutropenia-associated infections and other infectious complications in patients with malignancies who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy or in high infectious-risk patients following bone marrow transplantation (Steward WP Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors, Lancet 1993; 342:153-157 and Munn DH, Cheung NKV. Prechnical and clinical studies of macrophage colony-stimulating factor Senun Oncol 1992; 19:395-407).
  • Synthetic peptides have been reported to induce the synthesis and release of hematopoietic mediators, including m-CSF from bone marrow stromal elements (see U.S. Patent Application 08/001,905).
  • novel non-peptide compounds which have a stimulative effect on myelopoietic cells. They are useful in stimulating myelopoiesis in patients suffering from reduced myelopoietic activity, including bone marrow damage, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia including patients having depressed bone marrow function due to immunosuppressive treatment to suppress tissue reactions i.e. in bone marrow transplant surgery.
  • This invention comprises compounds, hereinafter represented as Formula
  • These compounds are useful in the restoration of leukocytes in patients with lowered cell counts resulting from a variety of clinical situations, such as surgical induced myelosuppression, AIDS, ARDS, congenital myelodysplacis, bone marrow and organ transplants; in the protection of patients with leukopenia from infection; in the treatment of severely burned patients and in the amelioration of the myelosuppression observed with some cell-cycle specific antiviral agents and in the treatment of infections in patients who have had bone marrow transplants, especially those with graft versus host disease, in the treatment of tuberculosis and in the treatment of fevers of unknown origin in humans and animals.
  • the compounds are also useful in the treatment and prevention of viral, fungal and bacterial infectious diseases, particularly Candida and Herpes in both immunosuppressed and "normal" subjects. They are useful in the treatment of sepsis caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms. These compounds may also be used in combination with the
  • cytostatic therapy can be given at periods of low bone marrow activity, thus reducing the risk of bone marrow damage, while regeneration will be promoted by the succeeding peak of activity.
  • This invention is also a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention further constitutes a method for stimulating the
  • myelopoietic system of an animal including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • This invention also constitutes a method for preventing and treating viral, fungal and bacterial infections including sepsis in immunosuppressed and normal animals, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • A is or ;
  • R 1 is independently NH 2 , OH, SH, CN, CO 2 H or hydrogen;
  • R 2 is independently hydrogen, C 1-4 alkylC(O)R 5 , C 1 -4 alkyl or R 2 is benzyl which is optionally substituted by one or two C 1-4 alkyl, C 1 -4 alkoxy, F, C1, I, Br, OH, or N(R 4 ) 2 ;
  • R 3 is independently hydrogen, C 1 -5 alkyl, C 1-5 alkylenehydroxy, C 1 - 5 alkyleneCO 2 H,
  • R 4 is independently hydrogen, C 1-5 alkyl or benzyl
  • Ar is independently phenyl or indolyl optionally substituted by one or two
  • Q is bicyclo(3.3.0]octanyl, xylyl, benzophenonyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalyl; all of which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents chosen from:
  • R 5 is -OR 6 , -N(R 6 ) 2 , or -SR 6 ;
  • R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -4 alkyl or benzyl;
  • R 7 is halogen, R 5 or R 6 ;
  • n is independently an integer from 0 to 3;
  • n is independently an integer from 1 to 3;
  • s is independently 0 or 1 ;
  • y is independently an integer from 2 to 4.
  • n is not 0 when s is 1 and further provided that the compound of Formula (I) is not:
  • This invention is also a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Alkyl groups may be straight or branched.
  • Halogen may be chloro, lodo, fluoro or bromo.
  • the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in racemic and optically active forms. All the compounds and diastereomers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • Preferred compounds of Formula (I) are those wherein R 1 is OH or hydrogen; R 3 is CH 2 OH or hydrogen and Q is xylyl or bicyclo[3.3.0]octanoyl. More preferred compounds are those wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen and Q is xylyl.
  • the most preferred compounds of the invention are:
  • diketopiperazine (such as 3 in Scheme 1 ).
  • the diketopiperazines (such as 3 in
  • Scheme 1 are alkylated with a suitably protected alkylating agent (such as t-butyl bromoacetate) in a suitable aprotic polar solvent (such as THF) to give the N-alkylated diketopiperazine (such as 4 in Scheme 1 ).
  • a suitably protected alkylating agent such as t-butyl bromoacetate
  • a suitable aprotic polar solvent such as THF
  • the thioamide is reduced using conventional reagents (such as Raney-Nickel) in a suitable polar solvent (such as MeOH) to give the tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinone (such as 4 in Scheme 2).
  • a suitable polar solvent such as MeOH
  • compositions comprising as active ingredient one or more compounds of Formula (I) as herein before defined or physiologically compatible salts thereof, in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient.
  • the compositions according to the invention may be presented for example, in a form suitable for oral, nasal, parenteral or rectal administration.
  • the term "pharmaceutical” includes veterinary applications of the invention These compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in an emulsion or syrup for oral administration.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition.
  • Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerin, saline and water.
  • Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin.
  • the carrier may also include a sustained release material such a glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax.
  • a sustained release material such as a glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax.
  • the amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably will be between about 20 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit.
  • the pharmaceutical preparations are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling, mixing, granulating, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms.
  • Capsules containing one or several active ingredients may be produced, for example, by mixing the active ingredients with inert carriers, such as lactose or sorbitol, and filling the mixture into gelatin capsules.
  • the preparation When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension. Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a soft gelatin capsule Organ specific carrier systems may also be used.
  • compositions of the compounds of this invention, or derivatives thereof may be formulated as solutions of lyophilized powders for parenteral administration.
  • Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier pnor to use.
  • the liquid formulation is generally a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution
  • suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water or buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution.
  • Such formulation is especially suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration and contained in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer for insufflation It may be desirable to add excipients such as
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone gelatin, hydroxy cellulose, acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate.
  • a pulverized powder of the compounds of this invention may be combined with excipients such as cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatin or polyethylene glycols and molded into a suppository.
  • excipients such as cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatin or polyethylene glycols
  • the pulverized powders may also be compounded with an oily preparation, gel, cream or emulsion, buffered or unbuffered, and administered through a transdermal patch.
  • Nasal sprays may be formulated similarly in aqueous solution and packed into spray containers either with an aerosol propellant or provided with means for manual compression.
  • Dosage units containing the compounds of this invention preferably contain 05-50 mg, for example .05-5 mg of the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof.
  • the murine bone marrow derived stromal cell line, C6.4 is grown in 12 well plates in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS Upon reaching confluence, the C6.4 cells are washed and the media exchanged with fresh RPMI 1640 without FBS Confluent cell layers of murine C6.4 cells are treated with compound. Cell-free supernatants are collected 18 hours later Supernatants are fractionated with a Centricon-30 molecular weight cut-off membrane. C6.4 cell hematopoietic synergistic factor (HSF) activity is measured in a murine CFU-C assay.
  • HSF synergistic factor
  • Bone marrow cells are obtained from C57B1/6 female mice and suspended in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS Bone marrow cells (7.5E+4 cells/mL) are cultured with sub optimal levels of CFU plus dilutions of test C6.4 cell 30K-E supernatants from above in a standard murine soft agar CFU-C assay. Cell aggregates >50 cells are counted as colonies. The number of agar colonies counted is proportional to the amount of HSF present within the C6.4 bone marrow stromal line supernatant.
  • mice Female C57B1 mice are administered test compound IP or PO daily for 8 days.
  • Resident peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) utilized ex vivo from treated or untreated mice are harvested with cold calcium and magnesium-free DPBS supplemented with heparin and antibiotics within 2-4 hours following the last injection.
  • Adherent PEM populations are prepared by incubating standardized PEC suspensions in microtiter dishes for 2 hours at 37 °C (5% CO2) and removing nonadherent cells by washing the wells with warm buffer.
  • SOD superoxide dismutase-inhibitable
  • PMA phorbol myristate acetate
  • nmoles of cytochrome c reduced/well is calculated from spectrophotometric readings (550 nm) taken following a 1 hour incubation at 37 °C (5% CO 2 ).
  • the amount of SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduced is determined by the inclusion of wells containing SOD (200 U/well). Baseline superoxide release is determined in the absence of stimuli. Experimental data are expressed as a percentage of the control group.
  • 1,4-Xylylenediamine (0.14 g, 1.0 mmol), iPr 2 NEt (1.75 mL 10.0 mmol), HOBt (0.31 g, 2.3 mmol) and BOP reagent (1.02 g, 2.3 mmol) were added sequentially and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h.
  • the reaction mixture was added to a rapidly-stirred mixture of EtOAc (100 mL), 1N HCl (100 mL), and sat NaCl ( 100 mL). After stirring for 1 h, the phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with fresh EtOAc (2 ⁇ 50 mL).
  • Example 3(a) To the compound of Example 3(a) (2.22 g, 7.35 mmol) in C ⁇ 2 Cl 2 (35 mL) at 0 °C was added TFA (35 mL). The ice bath was removed and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was azeotroped from toluene (3 ⁇ 20 mL). The residue was suspended in toluene (500 mL) and iPr 2 NEt (3.84 mL, 22.0 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated to reflux for 18 h and then allowed to cool to RT.
  • Example 3(b) To the compound of Example 3(b) (0.92 g, 5.41 mmol) in MeO ⁇ ( 180 mL) was added Ra-Ni (ca 9 g of a 50 % aqueous slurry). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h, cooled to room temperature and filtered through celite to remove the Ra-Ni. The filter cake was washed with EtO ⁇ and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to give 0.65 g (86 %) of the desired material as pale yellow solid. This material was homogeneous by 1 ⁇ NMR analysis and was used without further purification
  • Example 3(c) To the compound of Example 3(c) (0.65 g, 4.64 mmol) and o-dibromoxylene (0.55 g, 2.08 mmol) in T ⁇ F (10 mL) was added Na ⁇ (0.19 g of a 60 % dispersion in oil, 4.75 mmol) portionwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at RT for 24 h and then carefully poured into 1N ⁇ Cl (75 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with hexane (20 mL) and Et 2 O (20 mL). The combined organic phases were back extracted with 1N ⁇ Cl (20 mL) and the combined aqueous phases were concentrated under vacuum to give a yellow residue.
  • Formulations for pharmaceutical use incorporating compounds of the present invention can be prepared in various forms and with numerous excipients. Examples of such formulations are given below.
  • Step 1 Blend ingredients No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4
  • Step 2 Add sufficient water portion-wise to the blend
  • Step 3 The wet mass is converted to granules by passing
  • Step 4 The wet granules are then dried in an oven at
  • Step 5 The dry granules are lubricated with ingredient No. 5.
  • Step 6 The lubricated granules are compressed on a suitable tablet press.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration is prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of a compound of formula I in polyethylene glycol with heating. This solution is then diluted with water for injections Ph Eur. (to 100 ml). The solution is then sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 micron membrane filter and sealed in sterile containers.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to novel compounds which have hemoregulatory activities and can be used to stimulate hematopoiesis and for the treatment of viral, fungal and bacterial infectious diseases.

Description

HEMOREGULATORY COMPOUNDS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel compounds which have hemoregulatory activities and can be used to stimulate hematopoiesis and for the treatment of viral, fungal and bacterial infectious diseases.
Background of the Invention The hematopoietic system is a life-long cell renewal process whereby a defined stem cell population gives rise to a larger population of mature, differentiated blood cells (Dexter TM. Stem cells in normal growth and disease Br Med J 1987; 195:1192-1194) of at least nine different cell lineages
(erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils,
monocytes/macrophages, osteoclasts, and lymphocytes) (Metcalf D. The
Molecular Control of Blood Cells 1988; Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA). Stem cells are also ultimately responsible for regenerating bone marrow following treatment with cytotoxic agents or following bone marrow
transplantation.
The major dose-limiting toxicities of most standard anti-neoplastic drugs are related to bone marrow suppression, which if severe and prolonged, can give rise to life-threatening infectious and hemorrhagic complications.
Myelosuppression is predictable and has been reported to be dose-limiting in greater than 50% of single-agent Phase I trials cytotoxic compounds (Merrouche Y, Catimel G, Clavel M. Hematopoietic growth factors and chemoprotectants; should we move toward a two-step process for phase I clinical trials in oncology? Ann Oncol 1993; 4:471 -474). The risk of infection is directly related to the degree of myelosuppression as measured by the severity and duration of neutropenia (Brody GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationship between circulating leukocytes and infections with acute leukemia. Ann In Med 1965; 64:328-334). The control of hematopoiesis involves the interplay of a variety of cytokines and growth factors during various stages of the hematopoietic cascade, including early pluripotent stem cells and mature circulating effector cells. These regulatory molecules include granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and a variety of interleukins which have overlapping, additive and synergistic actions which play major roles in host defense.
Mechanistically, this is accomplished by enhancing the production of
granulocytes and macrophages, as well as by the activation of effector cell functions (Moore MAS. Hemopoietic growth factor interactions in vitro and in vivo prechnical evaluation. Cancer Surveys 1990; 9:7-80). These coordinated activities support optimal host defences which are necessary for fighting bacterial, viral and fungal infections.
Strategies to prevent or reduce the severity of neutropenia and
myelotoxicity include the use of hematopoietic growth factors and/or other hematopoietic cytokines. Such treatments are becoming common practice, in that they offer the potential of increased doses of cytotoxic agents that may improve the therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastic agents, and reduce the morbidity associated with their use (Steward WP. Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors, Lancet 1993; 342:153- 157). Clinical studies have demonstrated the G-, GM- and/or M-CSF may reduce the duration of
neutropenia, accelerate myeloid recovery, and reduce neutropenia-associated infections and other infectious complications in patients with malignancies who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy or in high infectious-risk patients following bone marrow transplantation (Steward WP Granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors, Lancet 1993; 342:153-157 and Munn DH, Cheung NKV. Prechnical and clinical studies of macrophage colony-stimulating factor Senun Oncol 1992; 19:395-407).
Synthetic peptides have been reported to induce the synthesis and release of hematopoietic mediators, including m-CSF from bone marrow stromal elements (see U.S. Patent Application 08/001,905). We have now found certain novel non-peptide compounds which have a stimulative effect on myelopoietic cells. They are useful in stimulating myelopoiesis in patients suffering from reduced myelopoietic activity, including bone marrow damage, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia including patients having depressed bone marrow function due to immunosuppressive treatment to suppress tissue reactions i.e. in bone marrow transplant surgery. They may also be used to promote more rapid regeneration of bone marrow alter cytostatic chemotherapy and radiation therapy for neoplastic and viral diseases They may be of particular value where patients have serious infections due to a lack of immune response following bone marrow failure. They are also useful in the treatment and prevention of viral, fungal
and bacterial disease.
Summary of the Invention
This invention comprises compounds, hereinafter represented as Formula
(I), which have hemoregulatory activities and can be used to stimulate hematopoiesis and in the prevention and treatment of bacterial, viral and fungal diseases.
These compounds are useful in the restoration of leukocytes in patients with lowered cell counts resulting from a variety of clinical situations, such as surgical induced myelosuppression, AIDS, ARDS, congenital myelodysplacis, bone marrow and organ transplants; in the protection of patients with leukopenia from infection; in the treatment of severely burned patients and in the amelioration of the myelosuppression observed with some cell-cycle specific antiviral agents and in the treatment of infections in patients who have had bone marrow transplants, especially those with graft versus host disease, in the treatment of tuberculosis and in the treatment of fevers of unknown origin in humans and animals. The compounds are also useful in the treatment and prevention of viral, fungal and bacterial infectious diseases, particularly Candida and Herpes in both immunosuppressed and "normal" subjects. They are useful in the treatment of sepsis caused by gram negative and gram positive organisms. These compounds may also be used in combination with the
myelosuppressive agents of co-pending U.S. Application No. 07/799,465 and U.S. Patent No. 4,499,081, incorporated by reference herein, to provide alternating peaks of high and low activity in the bone marrow cells, thus augmenting the natural circadian rhythm of hematopoiesis. In this way, cytostatic therapy can be given at periods of low bone marrow activity, thus reducing the risk of bone marrow damage, while regeneration will be promoted by the succeeding peak of activity.
This invention is also a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
This invention further constitutes a method for stimulating the
myelopoietic system of an animal, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
This invention also constitutes a method for preventing and treating viral, fungal and bacterial infections including sepsis in immunosuppressed and normal animals, including humans, which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
Detailed Description of the Invention
The compounds of the invention are represented by structural Formula (I)
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein:
A is
Figure imgf000007_0001
or
Figure imgf000007_0002
;
R1 is independently NH2, OH, SH, CN, CO2H or hydrogen;
R2 is independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkylC(O)R5, C1 -4 alkyl or R2 is benzyl which is optionally substituted by one or two C1-4 alkyl, C1 -4 alkoxy, F, C1, I, Br, OH, or N(R4)2;
R3 is independently hydrogen, C1 -5 alkyl, C1-5 alkylenehydroxy, C1 - 5alkyleneCO2H,
(CH2)yN(R4)2, (CH2)m C(O)N(R4)2, C1-5 alkyleneSH, CH2Ar,
Figure imgf000007_0003
, or ;
Figure imgf000007_0004
R4 is independently hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl or benzyl;
Ar is independently phenyl or indolyl optionally substituted by one or two
R7 groups;
Q is bicyclo(3.3.0]octanyl, xylyl, benzophenonyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalyl; all of which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents chosen from:
C1-4 alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, halogen, mono or di C1-4 alkylamino,
(C1-4alkyl)2-NC(O)-,
-(CH2)n-R5, -(CH2)n-R6, -(CH2)n-COR5 or -(CH2)n-COR6;
R5 is -OR6, -N(R6)2, or -SR6; R6 is hydrogen, C1 -4 alkyl or benzyl;
R7 is halogen, R5 or R6;
n is independently an integer from 0 to 3;
m is independently an integer from 1 to 3;
s is independently 0 or 1 ; and
y is independently an integer from 2 to 4;
provided that n is not 0 when s is 1 and further provided that the compound of Formula (I) is not:
[(S),(S)]-N,N'-(1 ,4-xylenediyl)bis[2-acetamido-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1 ,2-α]pyrazine- 1 ,4(2H, 3H)-dione];
[(R), (R)]-2,2'-( 1 ,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1 ,2-α]pyrazine-1 ,4(2H,3H-dione]; or
[(S), (S)]-2,2'-( 1 ,3-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1 ,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H,3H-dione];
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
This invention is also a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Alkyl groups may be straight or branched. Halogen may be chloro, lodo, fluoro or bromo.
The compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in racemic and optically active forms. All the compounds and diastereomers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
Preferred compounds of Formula (I) are those wherein R1 is OH or hydrogen; R3 is CH2OH or hydrogen and Q is xylyl or bicyclo[3.3.0]octanoyl. More preferred compounds are those wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Q is xylyl. The most preferred compounds of the invention are:
[3(S),3'(S),8a(S),8a'(S)]-N,N-(1,4-xylenediyl)bis[2-(acetamido)-3- (hydroxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1,2-α]pyrazine- 1,4(2H, 3H)-dione] or
[(S), (S)]-2,2'-( 1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H,3H-dione] [(S),(S)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1,2-α]pyrazine- 1(2H,3H,4H)-one]
Method of Preparation
Compounds of Formula (I) wherein A is tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinedione and R1, R2, R3 and n are defined as in Formula (I) are prepared by methods analogous to those in Scheme 1.
Figure imgf000010_0001
Suitably protected amino acids (such as 1 and 2 in Scheme 1 ) are coupled using standard solution phase peptide synthesis methods (such as EDC, HOBt, iPr2NEt in DMF) giving a protected dipeptide. Removal of the protecting group on nitrogen followed by cyclization using catalytic amounts of a mild acid (such as p-toluenesulfonic acid) in a suitable solvent (such as toluene) gives the
diketopiperazine (such as 3 in Scheme 1 ). The diketopiperazines (such as 3 in
Scheme 1 ) are alkylated with a suitably protected alkylating agent ( such as t-butyl bromoacetate) in a suitable aprotic polar solvent (such as THF) to give the N-alkylated diketopiperazine (such as 4 in Scheme 1 ). Removal of the t-butyl ester under acidic conditions (such as TFA in CH2Cl2) followed by coupling to a suitable diamine (such as 1,4-xylylene-diamine) under standard conditions (such as EDC, HOBt and iPr2NEt) in a suitable solvent (such as DMF) gives the protected, coupled product. Removal of the protecting groups under typical conditions (such as anhydrous HF) gives the final product (such as 5 in
Scheme 1).
Figure imgf000011_0001
y
Compounds of Formula (I) wherein A is tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinone are prepared by methods analogous to those in Scheme 2. Suitably protected amino acids (such as 1 and 2 in Scheme 2) are coupled using standard solution phase peptide synthesis methods (such as EDC, HOBt, iPr2NEt in CH2CI2) to give the protected dipeptide. The amide group is converted to the thioamide using conventional reagents (such as Lawesson's reagent) in a suitable solvent (such as toluene) to give the corresponding protected thioamide. Removal of the protecting group on nitrogen followed by a thermally assisted ring closure gives the cyclic thioamide (such as 3 in Scheme 2). The thioamide is reduced using conventional reagents (such as Raney-Nickel) in a suitable polar solvent (such as MeOH) to give the tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinone (such as 4 in Scheme 2). Alkylating the sodium salt of this compound with one half an equivalent of a suitable dihalide (such as o-dibromoxylene) gives the final product (such as 5 in Scheme 2) .
In order to use a compound of the Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of humans and other mammals it is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.
According to a still further feature of the present invention there are provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising as active ingredient one or more compounds of Formula (I) as herein before defined or physiologically compatible salts thereof, in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient. The compositions according to the invention may be presented for example, in a form suitable for oral, nasal, parenteral or rectal administration.
As used herein, the term "pharmaceutical" includes veterinary applications of the invention These compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in an emulsion or syrup for oral administration. Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition. Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerin, saline and water. Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin. The carrier may also include a sustained release material such a glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax. The amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably will be between about 20 mg to about 1 g per dosage unit. The pharmaceutical preparations are made following the conventional techniques of pharmacy involving milling, mixing, granulating, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms. Capsules containing one or several active ingredients may be produced, for example, by mixing the active ingredients with inert carriers, such as lactose or sorbitol, and filling the mixture into gelatin capsules. When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension. Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly p.o. or filled into a soft gelatin capsule Organ specific carrier systems may also be used.
Alternately pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of this invention, or derivatives thereof, may be formulated as solutions of lyophilized powders for parenteral administration. Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier pnor to use. The liquid formulation is generally a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution Examples of suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water or buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution. Such formulation is especially suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration and contained in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer for insufflation It may be desirable to add excipients such as
polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxy cellulose, acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate.
For rectal administration, a pulverized powder of the compounds of this invention may be combined with excipients such as cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatin or polyethylene glycols and molded into a suppository. The pulverized powders may also be compounded with an oily preparation, gel, cream or emulsion, buffered or unbuffered, and administered through a transdermal patch.
Nasal sprays may be formulated similarly in aqueous solution and packed into spray containers either with an aerosol propellant or provided with means for manual compression.
Dosage units containing the compounds of this invention preferably contain 05-50 mg, for example .05-5 mg of the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof.
According to a still further feature of the present invention there is provided a method of stimulation of myelopoiesis which comprises
administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as hereinbefore defined to a subject.
No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when compounds of the invention are administered in accordance with the present invention. The biological activity of the compounds of Formula (I) are
demonstrated by the following tests.
Induction of Hematopoietic Synergistic Activity in Stromal Cells
The murine bone marrow derived stromal cell line, C6.4 is grown in 12 well plates in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS Upon reaching confluence, the C6.4 cells are washed and the media exchanged with fresh RPMI 1640 without FBS Confluent cell layers of murine C6.4 cells are treated with compound. Cell-free supernatants are collected 18 hours later Supernatants are fractionated with a Centricon-30 molecular weight cut-off membrane. C6.4 cell hematopoietic synergistic factor (HSF) activity is measured in a murine CFU-C assay.
CFU-C Assay
Bone marrow cells are obtained from C57B1/6 female mice and suspended in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS Bone marrow cells (7.5E+4 cells/mL) are cultured with sub optimal levels of CFU plus dilutions of test C6.4 cell 30K-E supernatants from above in a standard murine soft agar CFU-C assay. Cell aggregates >50 cells are counted as colonies. The number of agar colonies counted is proportional to the amount of HSF present within the C6.4 bone marrow stromal line supernatant.
Effector Cell Function Assay
Female C57B1 mice are administered test compound IP or PO daily for 8 days. Resident peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) utilized ex vivo from treated or untreated mice are harvested with cold calcium and magnesium-free DPBS supplemented with heparin and antibiotics within 2-4 hours following the last injection. Adherent PEM populations are prepared by incubating standardized PEC suspensions in microtiter dishes for 2 hours at 37 °C (5% CO2) and removing nonadherent cells by washing the wells with warm buffer.
The superoxide dismutase-inhibitable (SOD) superoxide released by effector cells in response to a in vitro stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) ( 100-200nM) or pre-opsonized (autologous sera) live C. albicans (E:T = 1:10) are quantitated in a microtiter ferricytochrome c reduction assay. The assay is performed in the presence of 1 % gelatin/HBSS and 80uM ferricytochrome c in a total volume of 200uL/well. The nmoles of cytochrome c reduced/well is calculated from spectrophotometric readings (550 nm) taken following a 1 hour incubation at 37 °C (5% CO2). The amount of SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduced is determined by the inclusion of wells containing SOD (200 U/well). Baseline superoxide release is determined in the absence of stimuli. Experimental data are expressed as a percentage of the control group.
The following examples are illustrative and are not limiting of the compounds of this invention.
EXAMPLE 1 [3(S),3'(S),8a(S),8a'(S)]-N,N'-(1 ,4-xylenediyl)bis[2-(acetamido)-3- (hydroxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H, 3H)-dione] a) [3(S), 8a(S)]-2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-(benzyloxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H, 3H)-dione
A stirred suspension of NaΗ (0.120 g, 60% dispersion in oil, 3.0 mmol) in dry TΗF ( 15 mL) under argon was cooled to 0°C. A solution of compound Pro-Ser(Bzl) diketopiperazine (0.82 g, 3.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF ( 10 mL) was added via syringe and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. t-Butyl 2-bromoacetate (0.54 mL, 3.3 mmol) was added, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was stined for 5 h. Water ( 10 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The mixture was diluted with Η2O (50 mL) and sat NaCl (50 mL) and then extracted with CHCl3 (3 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (2 × 50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow solid. Purification by flash chromatography (2/98 MeOH/ CHCl3, silica gel) gave 1.10 g (94%) of the desired product. MS (ESI) m/z 389.2 (MH+). b) [3(S),3,(S),8a(S),8a'(S)]-N,N'-(1,4-Xylenediyl)bis[2-(acetamido)-3-(benzyloxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropynolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1 ,4(2H, 3H)-dione]
To a stirred solution of the compound of Example 1 (a) ( 1.1 g, 2.8 mmol) in CΗ2Cl2 (10 mL) was added neat TFA ( 10 mL). After 2 h, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to an oil, then azeotroped 3 times with toluene to remove excess acid. This product was stored under high vacuum for 1 day to dry further and then used directly in the next step. The compound obtained above was dissolved in DMF (10 mL). 1,4-Xylylenediamine (0.14 g, 1.0 mmol), iPr2NEt (1.75 mL 10.0 mmol), HOBt (0.31 g, 2.3 mmol) and BOP reagent (1.02 g, 2.3 mmol) were added sequentially and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was added to a rapidly-stirred mixture of EtOAc (100 mL), 1N HCl (100 mL), and sat NaCl ( 100 mL). After stirring for 1 h, the phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with fresh EtOAc (2 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (3 × 50 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow oil. Purification by flash chromatography (20/80 MeOH/EtOAc, silica gel) gave 234 mg (31%) of the desired product as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 765.4 (MH+). c) [3(S),3'(S),8a(S),8a'(S)]-N,N'-(1,4-Xylenediyl)bis[2-(acetamido)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropynolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H, 3H)-dione] The compound of Example 1 (b) (26 mg, 45 μmol) was dissolved in p-cresol
(0.5 mL) in a 50-mL Teflon ΗF reaction vessel fitted with a magnetic stirring bar. The vessel was chilled to -78°C and evacuated by water aspirator. Anhydrous ΗF (ca. 5 mL) was condensed into the mixture. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0°C and stirred for 45 min. The ΗF was then carefully removed under vacuum. The residue was taken up in Et2O (25 mL) and was extracted with 0.1 % TFA in
Η2O (v/v, 4 × 25 mL). The combined aqueous extracts were washed with Et2O (3 × 25 mL) and then concentrated in vacuo to ca 10 mL. This solution was lyophilised to a white powder. Purification by HPLC [CH3CΝ/H2O (0.1 % TFA, Hamilton PRP-1] gave 6.3 mg (24%) of the title compound as a white powder. MS (ESI) m/z 585.2 (MH+).
EXAMPLE 2
[(S), (S)]-2.2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H,3H-dione] To a stirred suspension of NaH (88 mg, 60% dispersion in oil, 2.2 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) under argon was added Pro-Gly diketopiperazine (0.34 g, 2.2 mmol) in one portion (slight amount of foaming occurred). After 20 min, α, α'-dibromo- o-xylene (0.26 g, 1.0 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. Water (2 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and sat NaCl (50 mL), then extracted with CHCl3 (4 × 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a clear oil. Purification by flash chromatography (2/98 MeOH/ CHCl3 , silica gel) afforded 289 mg (70%) of the title compound as a glassy solid. MS (ESI) m/z 411.2 (MH+).
EXAMPLE 3
[(S),(S)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[ 1 ,2-α]pyrazine-1(2H, 3H,4H)-one] a) N-(t-Butoxycarbonylaminothioacetyl)proline methyl ester
To Boc-Gly-Pro-OMe (2.78 g, 9.72 mmol) in toluene (200 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (2.36 g, 5.83 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h, then allowed to cool to RT and concentrated under vacuum to give a yellow residue. Flash chromatography (30 % EtOAc/hexanes, silica gel) gave 2.33 g (76 %) of the desired compound as a yellow oil. This was homogeneous by TLC and 1Η NMR analysis and was used without further purification. b) (S)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydroprolyl[1,2-a]pyrazine-1-one-4(2H,3H)-thione
To the compound of Example 3(a) (2.22 g, 7.35 mmol) in CΗ2Cl2 (35 mL) at 0 °C was added TFA (35 mL). The ice bath was removed and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was azeotroped from toluene (3 × 20 mL). The residue was suspended in toluene (500 mL) and iPr2NEt (3.84 mL, 22.0 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated to reflux for 18 h and then allowed to cool to RT. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCl/brine (2 × 50 mL, 1.1 v/v) and the aqueous washes were back extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated to give 0.92 g (74 %) of the desired material as a yellow solid. This material was homogeneous by TLC and 1H NMR and was used without further purification. c) (S)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydroprolyl[1,2-α]pyrazine-1(2H,3H,4H)-one
To the compound of Example 3(b) (0.92 g, 5.41 mmol) in MeOΗ ( 180 mL) was added Ra-Ni (ca 9 g of a 50 % aqueous slurry). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h, cooled to room temperature and filtered through celite to remove the Ra-Ni. The filter cake was washed with EtOΗ and the combined filtrates were concentrated under vacuum to give 0.65 g (86 %) of the desired material as pale yellow solid. This material was homogeneous by 1Η NMR analysis and was used without further purification
d) [(S),(S)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine- 1(2H, 3H,4H)-one]
To the compound of Example 3(c) (0.65 g, 4.64 mmol) and o-dibromoxylene (0.55 g, 2.08 mmol) in TΗF (10 mL) was added NaΗ (0.19 g of a 60 % dispersion in oil, 4.75 mmol) portionwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at RT for 24 h and then carefully poured into 1N ΗCl (75 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with hexane (20 mL) and Et2O (20 mL). The combined organic phases were back extracted with 1N ΗCl (20 mL) and the combined aqueous phases were concentrated under vacuum to give a yellow residue. Reverse phase flash chromatography (step gradient, 100 % Η2O + 0.1 % TFA; 5 % CH3CN/H2O + 0.1 % TFA; 10 % CH3CN/H2O + 0.1 % TFA; YMC reverse phase silica gel) gave 0.04 g of the title compound as a white solid. MS(ES+) m/z 383.1 (MH+).
EXAMPLE 4
Formulations for pharmaceutical use incorporating compounds of the present invention can be prepared in various forms and with numerous excipients. Examples of such formulations are given below.
Figure imgf000020_0001
Procedure for tablets:
Step 1 Blend ingredients No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4
in a suitable mixer/blender.
Step 2 Add sufficient water portion-wise to the blend
from Step 1 with careful mixing after each
addition. Such additions of water and mixing
until the mass is of a consistency to permit
its converion to wet granules.
Step 3 The wet mass is converted to granules by passing
it through an oscillating granulator using a
No. 8 mesh (2.38 mm) screen.
Step 4 The wet granules are then dried in an oven at
140°F (60°C) until dry.
Step 5 The dry granules are lubricated with ingredient No. 5.
Step 6 The lubricated granules are compressed on a suitable tablet press.
Parenteral Formulation
A pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration is prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of a compound of formula I in polyethylene glycol with heating. This solution is then diluted with water for injections Ph Eur. (to 100 ml). The solution is then sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 micron membrane filter and sealed in sterile containers.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A compound of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000022_0001
wherein:
A is
Figure imgf000022_0002
or
Figure imgf000022_0003
;
R1 is independently hydrogen. NH2, OH, SH, CN, CO2H or hydrogen; R2 is independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkylC(O)R5, C1 -4 alkyl or R2 is benzyl which is optionally substituted by one or two C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, F,
C1, I, Br, OH, or N(R4)2;
R3 is independently hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 alkylenehydroxy, C1-5alkyleneCO2H,
(CH2)yN(R4)2, (CH2)m C(O)N(R4)2, C1-5 alkyleneSH, CH2Ar,
Figure imgf000022_0004
, or
Figure imgf000022_0005
R4 is independently hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl or benzyl;
Ar is independently phenyl or indolyl optionally substituted by one or two
R7 groups; Q is bicyclo[3.3.0]octanyl, xylyl, benzophenonyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalyl; all of which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents chosen from. C1-4 alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, halogen, mono or
di C1 -4alkylamino, (C1-4alkyl)2-NC(O)-(CH2)n-R5, -(CH2)n-R6, -(CH2)n-COR5 or -(CH2)n-COR6;
R5 is -OR6, -N(R6)2, or -SR6;
R6 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or benzyl;
R7 is halogen, R5 or R6;
n is independently an integer from 0 to 3;
m is independently an integer from 1 to 3;
s is independently 0 or 1 ; and
y is independently an integer from 2 to 4;
provided that n is not 0 when s is 1 and further provided that the compound of
Formula (I) is not:
[(S),(S)]-N,N'-(1,4-xylenediyl)bis[2-acetamido-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H, 3H)-dione];
[(R), (R)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4(2H,3H-dione]; or
[(S), (S)]-2,2'-( 1 ,3-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropynolo[1,2-α]pyrazine-1,4(2H,3H-dione];
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound of Formula I wherein R1 is OΗ or Η; R3 is CΗ2OΗ or H; and
Q is xylyl or bicyclo[3.3 0]octanoyl.
3. A compound of Formula I wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen and Q is xylyl.
4. A compound of Formula I which is:
[3(S),3'(S),8a(S),8a'(S)]-N,N'-(1,4-xylenediyl)bis[2-(acetamido)-3- (hydroxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrazine- 1 ,4( 2H, 3H)-dione] or
{{S), (S)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- α]pyrazine- 1,4(2H,3H-dione] [(S),(S)]-2,2'-(1,2-xylenediyl)bis[6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- α]pyrazine-l(2H, 3H,4H)-one]
5. A method of preventing or treating viral, fungal or bacterial infections which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
6. A method of stimulating the myelopoietic system which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount to stimulate said myelopoietic system of a compound of claim 1.
7. A method of preventing or treating sepsis which comprises administering to an animal in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
8. A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I) which comprises: a) For compounds wherein A is tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinedione, coupling two equivalents of a compound of Formula (II) or two equivalents of a compound of Formula (III):
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000025_0002
in which R1 and R3 are as defined in Formula (I) or a group covertable thereto and Y is a suitable protecting group;
with a suitable diamine of Formula (IV):
Figure imgf000025_0003
in which R2 and Q are as defined in Formula (I);
with a coupling agent in a suitable solvent and removing any protecting groups; or
b) For compounds wherein A is tetrahydropyrrolopyrazinone, alkylating a compound of Formula (V):
Figure imgf000025_0004
wherein R1 and R3 are as defined in Formula (I) or a group convertable thereto, with one half equivalent of a suitable dihalide of Formula (VI):
Figure imgf000025_0005
in which X is Cl, F or I and Q is defined in Formula (I),
followed if necessary by
i) converting R1 and R3 ; and/or
ii) salt formation.
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WO2002062797A2 (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-08-15 Celltech R & D, Inc. Pharmaceutical uses and synthesis of diketopiperazines
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