WO1997016829A1 - Miniature disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with high shear-strength viscosity index improved lubricant - Google Patents
Miniature disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with high shear-strength viscosity index improved lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997016829A1 WO1997016829A1 PCT/US1996/017229 US9617229W WO9716829A1 WO 1997016829 A1 WO1997016829 A1 WO 1997016829A1 US 9617229 W US9617229 W US 9617229W WO 9716829 A1 WO9716829 A1 WO 9716829A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- disc drive
- data storage
- storage system
- viscosity index
- drive data
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/20—Driving; Starting; Stopping; Control thereof
- G11B19/26—Speed-changing arrangements; Reversing arrangements; Drive-transfer means therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
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- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
- C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/109—Lubricant compositions or properties, e.g. viscosity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/20—Driving; Starting; Stopping; Control thereof
- G11B19/2009—Turntables, hubs and motors for disk drives; Mounting of motors in the drive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/20—Driving; Starting; Stopping; Control thereof
- G11B19/2009—Turntables, hubs and motors for disk drives; Mounting of motors in the drive
- G11B19/2036—Motors characterized by fluid-dynamic bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/167—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
- H02K5/1677—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
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- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
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- C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2370/00—Apparatus relating to physics, e.g. instruments
- F16C2370/12—Hard disk drives or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to spindle motors for disc drive data storage devices and, more particularly, to optimized lubricating fluids for a hydrodynamic bearing within the spindle motor.
- Winchester type disc drives are well-known in the industry.
- digital data is written to and read from a thin layer of magnetizable material on the surface of rotating discs.
- Write and read operations are performed through a transducer which is carried in a slider body.
- the slider and transducer are sometimes collectively referred to as a head, and typically a single head is associated with each disc surface.
- the heads are selectively moved under the control of electronic circuitry to any one of a plurality of circular, concentric data tracks on the disc surface by an actuator device.
- Each slider body includes a self-acting air bearing surface. As the disc rotates, the disc drags air beneath the air bearing surface, which develops a lifting force that causes the slider to lift and fly several microinches above the disc surface.
- the most commonly used type of actuator is a rotary moving coil actuator.
- the discs themselves are typically mounted in a "stack" on the hub structure of a brushless DC spindle motor.
- the rotational speed of the spindle motor is precisely controlled by motor drive circuitry which controls both the timing and the power of commutation signals directed to the stator windings of the motor.
- Typical spindle motor speeds have been in the range of 3600 RPM.
- Current technology has increased spindle motor speeds to 7200 RPM, 10,000 RPM and above.
- One of the principal sources of noise in disc drive data storage devices is the spindle motor.
- hydro bearing relies on a fluid film which separates the bearing surfaces and is therefore much quieter and in general has lower vibrations than conventional ball bearings.
- a hydrodynamic bearing is a self-pumping bearing which generates a pressure internally to maintain the fluid film separation.
- a hydrostatic bearing requires an external pressurized fluid source to maintain the fluid separation. Relative motion between the bearing surfaces in a hydro bearing causes a shear element which occurs entirely within the fluid film such that no contact between the bearing surfaces occurs.
- the lubricant properties that must be controlled and the degree of control that must be obtained are unique to miniature hydro bearings for disc drives. These properties include power dissipation, viscosity and it's temperature dependence, migration, vapor pressure and evaporation rate, resistance to oxidation and corrosion, rheology, boundary properties and system compatibility. Viscosity determines power dissipation and bearing stiffness, which should be relatively constant over various operating conditions.
- the lubricant should have low migration so the lubricant does not creep out of the bearing.
- the lubricant should have a high resistance to oxidation and reactivity to provide a long life for the bearing. Rheology is the deformation and flow response to sheer.
- the lubricant should also be compatible with the other materials of the disc drive. For example, migration or outgassing of the lubricant should not impair the interface between the head and the disc, such as by causing an increase in the sticking friction between the head and the disc or a degradation of the head structure or operation. Formulation of fluids for appropriate hydro bearing properties therefore requires different considerations than for fluids intended as general purpose lubricants. Another disadvantage of commercially available lubricants is that the exact composition of the lubricants is often not provided by the manufacturer and may include one or more additives that are incompatible with the sensitive operation of the disc drive.
- the disc drive data storage system of the present invention includes a housing, a central axis, a stationary member which is fixed with respect to the housing and coaxial with the central axis, and a rotatable member which is rotatable about the central axis with respect to the stationary member.
- a stator is fixed with respect to the housing.
- a rotor is supported by the rotatable member and is magnetically coupled to the stator.
- At least one data storage disc is attached to and is coaxial with the rotatable member.
- a hydro bearing interconnects the stationary member and the rotatable member and includes a lubrication fluid comprising a blend of a base fluid and a polymer viscosity index (VI) improver having a high shear resistance.
- VI polymer viscosity index
- Preferred polymer VI improvers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylate, polyisoprene and polystyrene. More preferred polymers include, but are not limited to, polyaramid, polyimides, polyamide- imides, polybenzimidazoles, polyphenylenesulfides, polyetheretherketones, liquid crystal polyesters, and buckminsterfullerene carbon forms, including nanotubes and their derivatives. In a most preferred embodiment, the selected polymer is also functionalized or chemically modified to provide anti-oxidant and metal deactivation protection to the fluid.
- Figure 1 is a top plan view of a disc drive data storage device, in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a hydrodynamic spindle motor in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the hydrodynamic spindle motor taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2, with portions removed for clarity.
- the present invention is a disc drive data storage device having a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic bearing spindle motor with a lubricating fluid composition which is optimized for the unique requirements of a disc drive.
- Figure 1 is a top plan view of a typical disc drive 10 in which the present invention is useful.
- Disc drive 10 includes a housing base 12 and a top cover 14. The housing base 12 is combined with top cover 14 to form a sealed environment to protect the internal components from contamination by elements from outside the sealed environment.
- Disc drive 10 further includes a disc pack 16 which is mounted for rotation on a spindle motor (not shown) by a disc clamp 18.
- Disc pack 16 includes a plurality of individual discs which are mounted for co-rotation about a central axis. Each disc surface has an associated head 20 which is mounted to disc drive 10 for communicating with the disc surface.
- heads 20 are supported by flexures 22 which are in turn attached to head mounting arms 24 of an actuator body 26.
- the actuator shown in Figure 1 is of the type known as a rotary moving coil actuator and includes a voice coil motor (VCM) , shown generally at 28.
- Voice coil motor 28 rotates actuator body 26 with its attached heads 20 about a pivot shaft 30 to position heads 20 over a desired data track along an arcuate path 32. While a rotary actuator is shown in Figure 1, the present invention is also useful in disc drives having other types of actuators, such as linear actuators.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor 32 in accordance with the present invention.
- Spindle motor 32 includes a stationary member 34, a hub 36 and a stator 38.
- the stationary member is a shaft which is fixed and attached to base 12 through a nut 40 and a washer 42.
- Hub 36 is interconnected with shaft 34 through a hydrodynamic bearing 37 for rotation about shaft 34.
- Bearing 37 includes radial working surfaces 44 and 46 and axial working surfaces 48 and 50.
- Shaft 34 includes fluid ports 54, 56 and 58 which supply lubricating fluid 60 and assist in circulating the fluid along the working surfaces of the bearing.
- Lubricating fluid 60 is supplied to shaft 34 by a fluid source (not shown) which is coupled to the interior of shaft 34 in a known manner.
- Spindle motor 32 further includes a thrust bearing 45 which forms the axial working surfaces 48 and 50 of hydrodynamic bearing 37.
- a counterplate 62 bears against working surface 48 to provide axial stability for the hydrodynamic bearing and to position hub 36 within spindle motor 32.
- An O-ring 64 is provided between counterplate 62 and hub 36 to seal the hydrodynamic bearing. The seal prevents hydrodynamic fluid 60 from escaping between counterplate 62 and hub 36.
- Hub 36 includes a central core 65 and a disc carrier member 66 which supports disc pack 16 (shown in Figure 1) for rotation about shaft 34.
- Disc pack 16 is held on disc carrier member 66 by disc clamp 18 (also shown in Figure 1) .
- a permanent magnet 70 is attached to the outer diameter of hub 36, which acts as a rotor for spindle motor 32.
- Core 65 is formed of a magnetic material and acts as a back-iron for magnet 70.
- Rotor magnet 70 can be formed as a unitary, annular ring or can be formed of a plurality of individual magnets which are spaced about the periphery of hub 36. Rotor magnet 70 is magnetized to form one or more magnetic poles.
- Stator 38 is attached to base 12 and includes stator laminations 72 and a stator windings 74. Stator windings 74 are attached to laminations 72. Stator windings 74 is spaced radially from rotor magnet 70 to allow rotor magnet 70 and hub 36 to rotate about a central axis 80. Stator 38 is attached to base 12 through a known method such as one or more C-clamps 76 which are secured to the base through bolts 78.
- Commutation pulses applied to stator windings 74 generate a rotating magnetic field which communicates with rotor magnet 70 and causes hub 36 to rotate about central axis 80 on bearing 37.
- the commutation pulses are timed, polarization-selected DC current pulses which are directed to sequentially selected stator windings to drive the rotor magnet and control its speed.
- spindle motor 32 is a "below-hub" type motor in which stator 38 has an axial position that is below hub 36.
- Stator 38 also has a radial position that is external to hub 36, such that stator windings 74 are secured to an inner diameter surface 82 of laminations 72.
- the stator is positioned within the hub, as opposed to below the hub.
- the stator can have a radial position which is either internal to the hub or external to the hub.
- the spindle motor of can have a fixed shaft, as shown in Figure 2 or a rotating shaft.
- the bearing is located between the rotating shaft and an outer stationary sleeve which is coaxial with the rotating shaft.
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of hydrodynamic spindle motor 32 taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2, with portions removed for clarity.
- Stator 38 includes laminations 72 and stator windings 74, which are coaxial with rotor magnet 70 and central core 65.
- Stator windings 74 include phase windings WI, VI, Ul, W2, V2 and U2 which are wound around teeth in laminations 72.
- the phase windings are formed of coils which have a coil axis that is normal to and intersects central axis 80.
- phase winding WI has a coil axis 83 which is normal to central axis 80.
- Radial working surfaces 44 and 46 of hydrodynamic bearing 37 are formed by the outer diameter surface of shaft 34 and the inner diameter surface of central core 65. Radial working surfaces 44 and 46 are separated by a lubrication fluid 84, which maintains a clearance c during normal operation.
- the lubrication fluid includes a blend of base fluids which are selected to optimizes power dissipation and bearing load capacity (i.e. bearing stiffness) for the particular hydrodynamic bearing design in which the fluid is used by precisely defining the fluid viscosity.
- Power consumption (P) and bearing stiffness (K) are proportional fluid viscosity according to the relations, c ⁇ B ⁇ i? 4
- ⁇ B is the absolute viscosity of the blend of fluids
- ⁇ is the rotational velocity of the hub
- c is the gap or clearance between radial working surfaces 44 and 46 (or at axial working surfaces 48 and 50)
- R is the characteristic length of the radial and/or axial working surfaces.
- the lubrication fluid of the present invention includes a blend of base fluids, with each base fluid having a similar chemical composition but a different viscosity.
- the base fluids are precisely blended to obtain an overall viscosity which is preferably within 10%, and most preferably within 2-5%, of the desired viscosity.
- the base fluids are blended according to the following relation, B. .T - TC " v ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ X ⁇ + v 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ X 2 ⁇ • • + • • • • • • • • v n ⁇ p n * ⁇ n
- ⁇ B the absolute viscosity of the oienct of base fluids at temperature T c ;
- T c the temperature at which the viscosity is desired;
- v n the kinematic viscosity of base fluid n,- n an integer greater than one;
- p n the density of base fluid n;
- ⁇ n the weight percent fraction of base fluid n;
- Preferred base fluids include perfluoropolyethers, esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and highly refined (highly purified) mineral hydrocarbons. Most preferred base fluids include diesters, polyol esters and polyalphaolefins (PAO's) . These base fluids can be blended in a variety of combinations, but preferred blends include a combination of esters only, a combination of polyalphaolefins only and a combination of at least one ester and at least one polyalphaolefin only. A single ester or polyalphaolephin can be used in alternative embodiments of the present invention if the fluid has the desired viscosity and satisfies the other desired properties.
- base fluids have been found to offer several advantages in disc drive applications over conventional petroleum-based hydrocarbons that are in standard fluid lubricants. These base fluids have a viscosity which is less dependent on temperature, a lower evaporation, a lower vapor pressure, a low migration, an improved oxidation resistance, a similar boundary performance which can be enhanced easily with additives, a better compatibility with other materials in the disc drive and a better control of all properties due to a known pure chemical composition. These fluids therefore minimize degradation of the head and disc interface and provide a long life for the bearing and the disc drive.
- the base fluids are blended to obtain a precise absolute viscosity between 4 and 10 centipoise (cP) at 70 degrees Celsius, a viscosity index of at least 110 and an evaporation range of less than 1.0 x 10 "3 mg/day-mm 2 , based on a volume to surface area ratio (V/A) of about 1.9-2.0 mm.
- the base fluids are selected such that the contribution of the base fluids to the sticking friction ("stiction") between the head and the disc, due to outgassing of the fluid from the bearing to the disc, is preferably similar to or less than the contribution of the existing chemicals or lubricants used in the disc drive under various conditions such as a hot or humid conditions. These chemicals and lubricants include grease and ferrofluidic seals, for example.
- the lubrication fluid includes a mixture of a high viscosity index base fluid (or a blend of base fluids) and additives which are selected such that the blend is effective for resisting catalytic degradation while being compatible with the head-disc interface.
- Viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary method of expressing the viscosity-temperature sensitivity of a lubricant, and is often interpreted as the temperature dependency of the viscosity. A higher viscosity index for a fluid having a given viscosity indicates that the viscosity of the fluid varies less with temperature. Because power consumption is a critical parameter for miniature hydrodynamic bearings in disc drives, a high VI index is desirable. Typical viscosity indices for several classes of fluids are shown in Table 1, below:
- Synthetic Hydrocarbon 120-170 (Polyalpholefin)
- Ester fluids contain oxygen as well as hydrogen and carbon, and some ester fluids offer unique advantages in disc drive applications over natural and synthetic hydrocarbon fluids. These advantages include a higher viscosity index, a higher resistance to oxidation, improved boundary lubrication properties, lower migration compared to synthetic hydrocarbons and lower evaporation.
- the lubrication fluid of the present invention includes a blend of a high VI index base fluid, such as a diester fluid or a polyalphaolefin, and a combination of additives which are selected to provide the fluid with anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and metal- deactivating properties such that the fluid is markedly more resistant to catalytic degradation than commercially available ester and/or synthetic hydrocarbon blends while being compatible with the head- disc interface.
- a high VI index base fluid such as a diester fluid or a polyalphaolefin
- antioxidants include nitrogen and oxygen containing inhibitors, such as an amine (arylamine) , a phenol or a mixture of both. Most preferred types of antioxidants include butylated hydroxytoluene (liquid hindered phenol) , alkylated diphenyl amine, phenyl alpha naphthylamine or combination of two or more of these antioxidants. Preferred treatment levels of these additives in the lubrication base fluid are 0.25% to 3% by mass.
- Preferred types of rust and corrosion inhibitors, or metal passivators include metallic sulfonate, long chain amines, carboxylic acid derivatives, thiadiazole and triazole derivatives and amine phosphates. Most preferred types include synthetic or petroleum calcium sulphonate, synthetic or petroleum barium sulphonate, alkenyl succenic acid derivatives and triazole derivatives. Preferred treatment levels of these additives in the lubrication base fluid are 0.02% to 0.5% by mass.
- the lubrication fluid of the present invention further includes an additive for improving antiwear properties, high pressure metal contact properties and friction properties.
- Preferred additives of this type include, dialkyl dithiophosphates, alkyl and aryl disulphides and polysulphides, dithiocarbamates, salts of alkylphosphoric acid, molybdenum complex, neutral phosphate ester (triaryl and trialykl) such as triphenyl phosphate, or combination of two or more of these additives.
- Most preferred antiwear additives include, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, molybdenum disulphide, liquid amine phosphate and propylated and butylated triphenyl phosphates.
- Preferred treatment levels of these additives in the lubrication base fluid are 0.1% to 4% by mass.
- a blend of a high VI index diester base oil and/or a synthetic hydrocarbon with a selection of the above-additives obtains a hydrodynamic fluid that is markedly more resistant to catalytic degradation than commercially available ester or synthetic hydrocarbon blends.
- Various blends were tested and were found to be compatible with the head-disc interface. These blends did not cause any significant increase in the sticking friction between the head and the disc and did not cause other interference with the head-disc interface. The blends also proved to be superior to refined paraffinic petroleum fluids in power consumption and lifetime under heavy loads and at elevated temperatures.
- the lubrication fluid includes a mixture of a base fluid and high shear-resistant viscosity modifiers ("VI improvers") .
- VI improvers reduce the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the base fluid.
- the temperature dependence of viscosity is extremely important, and a high temperature dependence is usually undesirable to the function of miniature bearings for spindle motors.
- selected commercially available polymers were blended with a base fluid according to the present invention, which resulted in a measured improvement in the temperature-power consumption curves in the spindle motor. Power consumption was observed to be less dependent upon temperature.
- a high molecular weight soluble polymer is added to the base fluid at a concentration of 5-50% by weight.
- the molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 10,000- 1,000,000 Daltons.
- Preferred polymer VI improvers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylate, polyisoprene and polystyrene.
- the shear rate is more than 10 b per second.
- the shear rate is defined as the rate of velocity change of the bearing working surface with respect to the width of the gap in the bearing (clearance C shown in Figure 3) .
- the shear conditions between bearing surfaces limit the life of VI improvers by breaking down the polymers. Because the VI effect depends upon, among other factors, the length of the polymer chain, the effectiveness of the VI improver is reduced by shear breakdown.
- the selected polymer VI improver belongs to a class of polymers that are highly resistant to shear breakdown, with a tensile strength of the solid polymer being at least 10,000 PSI and a resistance to thermal degredation of at least 250 degrees F.
- the polymer thus has a shear strength.
- This class of polymers includes, but is not limited to, soluble forms of such materials as polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, and polyetherimide.
- the solid polymer has a tensile strength of at least 14,000 PSI and a resistance to thermal degredation above 500 degrees F.
- This class of polymers includes, but is not limited to, polyamide - imide , polyimide, polybenzimidazole, and liquid crystal polymer.
- the solid polymer has a tensile strength of at least 20,000 PSI and a resistance to thermal degredation above 700 degrees F.
- This class of polymers includes, but is not limited to, buckytubes and other buckminsterfullerene carbon forms .
- the polymer VI improver has the properties of the previous groups and is functionalized or chemically modified to provide anti-oxidant and metal deactivation protection to the fluid, as discussed above.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US812495P | 1995-10-30 | 1995-10-30 | |
US60/008,124 | 1995-10-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997016829A1 true WO1997016829A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
Family
ID=21729916
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/017025 WO1997016827A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-25 | Disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with lubricant optimized with disc drive compatible additives |
PCT/US1996/017131 WO1997016828A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-25 | Disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with optimized lubricant viscosity |
PCT/US1996/017229 WO1997016829A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-25 | Miniature disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with high shear-strength viscosity index improved lubricant |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/017025 WO1997016827A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-25 | Disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with lubricant optimized with disc drive compatible additives |
PCT/US1996/017131 WO1997016828A1 (en) | 1995-10-30 | 1996-10-25 | Disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with optimized lubricant viscosity |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JPH11514778A (en) |
KR (2) | KR100342340B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1147849C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19681634T1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB2322728B (en) |
HK (2) | HK1015931A1 (en) |
WO (3) | WO1997016827A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8980053B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-03-17 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Transformer paper and other non-conductive transformer components |
EP2428552B1 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2015-07-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable lubricant composition |
US11421171B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2022-08-23 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Lubricating base oil for fluid dynamic bearing |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5955403A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-09-21 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Sulphur-free, PAO-base lubricants with excellent anti-wear properties and superior thermal/oxidation stability |
NL1012170C2 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2001-03-20 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Dynamic pressure type impregnatedly-sintered grease bearing used in e.g. laser printer, tape recorder, facsimile machine |
US7988361B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2011-08-02 | Ntn Corporation | Hydrodynamic type oil-impregnated sintered bearing |
JP4029533B2 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2008-01-09 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Conductive lubricant for hydrodynamic bearings |
US20040176261A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2004-09-09 | Fumiyo Tojou | Lubricant composition and analysis method for same |
US6952324B2 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2005-10-04 | Seagate Technology, Llc | Hydrodynamic fluid bearing containing lubricants with reduced temperature sensitivity for disk drive application |
US6678115B2 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2004-01-13 | Seagate Technology Llc | Hydrodynamic fluid bearing containing lubricants with reduced bubble forming tendency for disk drive application |
US7005768B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2006-02-28 | Nidec Corporation | Dynamic bearing device, producing method thereof, and motor using the same |
KR20120060213A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2012-06-11 | 시게이트 테크놀로지 엘엘씨 | Hydrodynamic disc drive spindle motors having hydro bearing with lubricant including conductivity inducing agent |
US20120050916A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Seagate Technology Llc | Hydrodynamic disc drive spindle motor having hydro bearing with lubricant |
JP5422610B2 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | Charged particle beam equipment |
WO2013183463A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-12 | 新日本理化株式会社 | Lubricant base oil for fluid bearing |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5068047A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-11-26 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Visosity index improver |
US5457588A (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1995-10-10 | Nippon Densan Corporation | Low profile hydrodynamic motor having minimum leakage properties |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4604229A (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-08-05 | Ferrofluidics Corporation | Electrically conductive ferrofluid compositions and method of preparing and using same |
JP2621329B2 (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1997-06-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Fluid bearing device |
US5940246A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1999-08-17 | Seagate Technolog, Inc. | Disc drive hydro bearing lubricant with electrically conductive, non-metallic additive |
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 JP JP9517412A patent/JPH11514778A/en active Pending
- 1996-10-25 WO PCT/US1996/017025 patent/WO1997016827A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-25 CN CNB96197947XA patent/CN1147849C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 KR KR1019980703170A patent/KR100342340B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-25 JP JP9517425A patent/JPH11514779A/en active Pending
- 1996-10-25 WO PCT/US1996/017131 patent/WO1997016828A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-25 DE DE19681634T patent/DE19681634T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-10-25 GB GB9809176A patent/GB2322728B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 GB GB9809177A patent/GB2322729B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 CN CNB961979488A patent/CN1148739C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 WO PCT/US1996/017229 patent/WO1997016829A1/en active Search and Examination
- 1996-10-25 KR KR10-1998-0703172A patent/KR100420061B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-25 DE DE19681633T patent/DE19681633T1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-02-25 HK HK99100767A patent/HK1015931A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-25 HK HK99100770A patent/HK1015932A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5068047A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-11-26 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Visosity index improver |
US5457588A (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1995-10-10 | Nippon Densan Corporation | Low profile hydrodynamic motor having minimum leakage properties |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2428552B1 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2015-07-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Biodegradable lubricant composition |
US8980053B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-03-17 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Transformer paper and other non-conductive transformer components |
US11421171B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2022-08-23 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Lubricating base oil for fluid dynamic bearing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1200834A (en) | 1998-12-02 |
GB9809177D0 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
GB2322728B (en) | 1999-09-01 |
JPH11514779A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
HK1015931A1 (en) | 1999-10-22 |
WO1997016828A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
KR100420061B1 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
GB2322729A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
CN1200833A (en) | 1998-12-02 |
DE19681634T1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
KR19990067215A (en) | 1999-08-16 |
HK1015932A1 (en) | 1999-10-22 |
WO1997016827A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
GB9809176D0 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
GB2322729B (en) | 2000-05-17 |
CN1148739C (en) | 2004-05-05 |
JPH11514778A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
CN1147849C (en) | 2004-04-28 |
KR100342340B1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
GB2322728A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
KR19990067213A (en) | 1999-08-16 |
DE19681633T1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
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