WO1997016198A1 - Formulation a effet probiotique - Google Patents
Formulation a effet probiotique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997016198A1 WO1997016198A1 PCT/AT1996/000214 AT9600214W WO9716198A1 WO 1997016198 A1 WO1997016198 A1 WO 1997016198A1 AT 9600214 W AT9600214 W AT 9600214W WO 9716198 A1 WO9716198 A1 WO 9716198A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- microorganisms
- lactobacillus
- drying
- stabilized
- probiologically
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
- A61K35/747—Lactobacilli, e.g. L. acidophilus or L. brevis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/065—Microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/741—Probiotics
- A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
- A61K35/745—Bifidobacteria
Definitions
- the invention relates to probiotic compositions.
- lactic acid bacteria encompasses a category of microorganisms which, due to their human-specific and food-technological properties, has become the focus of scientific interest in recent years.
- probiotics as a growth promoter originally limited to the area of animal feed refers to living microorganisms which, as a food additive, favorably influence the balance of the digestive organisms.
- probiotics are generally relevant for a wide range of predominantly lactic acid-containing preparations, substrates, food and feed, and are used both in human and veterinary medicine and in animal nutrition.
- Taxonomically the spectrum of lactic acid bacteria currently essentially includes the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium and Sporolactobacillus (Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, IX. Ed.). Some of these representatives (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus) are considered natural and useful intestinal dwellers of humans (and also of animals) and occur there - depending on the intestinal segment, age and eating habits - in different numbers of germs. In general, the effects of lactic acid bacteria are divided into four main effects:
- Antimicrobial e.g. growth inhibition of pathogenic germs
- Living microorganisms are difficult to stabilize, which is why they are usually in dried form in preparations; the representation can be carried out by different drying processes, e.g. lyophilization, spray drying, etc.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a probiotically effective formulation which has a high degree of gastric juice resistance, is easy to process as a food additive and can also be produced on a large scale in a reproducible manner.
- a probiotic formulation comprising microorganisms stabilized by drying and enteric matrix components which formulation is present in dry granulated form.
- the prerequisites for the effectiveness of bacteria are created by producing formulations which are made from viable microorganisms which have been preserved by drying and from matrix components which are both indispensable for the preparation of the formulations and also ensure a high degree of gastric juice resistance , consist. It is only because of the embedding of microorganisms in suitable enteric matrix components that it is possible that a sufficiently high number of desired surviving microorganisms can get into the intestine.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention sets up a granulation of powder masses dry way, whereby the processing process itself causes only a slight reduction in the number of survival germs.
- Particularly preferred gastric juice-resistant matrix components are alginates (eg sodium alginate), cellulose or their derivatives (eg hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), HPMC acetate succinate, HPMC phthalate, methacrylic acid derivatives, shellac, galactomannans and mixtures of these components. These substances are found in pharmaceuticals - and / or the food industry has already been tried and tested, is considered harmless and also shows excellent properties with regard to the microorganisms stabilized by drying.
- Particularly advantageous examples of HPMC or HPMC derivatives include HPMC-50SH 4000, HPMCP-HP 55 (according to US - Pharmacopeia XXIII, NF18, No. 2910 and No. 200731), and HPMC acetate succinate LF (HPMC-AS-LF) (Shin-Etsu, Japan).
- Lactic acid bacteria preferably from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium, but also Enterobacteriaceae, preferably the genera Enterobacter and Escherichia, are used as microorganisms in the formulations according to the invention, the genes or species Lactobacillus delbschreibii subsp. bulgaricus, lactobacil Ius acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lac tobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus salivarius subsp.
- thermophilus Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, etc., physiological Escherichia coli and mixtures of these microorganisms are particularly preferred.
- the formulation according to the invention advantageously comprises technically necessary auxiliaries, e.g. pharmaceutical carriers and / or formulation auxiliaries, such as tableting agents, consistency-increasing agents, stabilizers, food additives, etc.
- auxiliaries e.g. pharmaceutical carriers and / or formulation auxiliaries, such as tableting agents, consistency-increasing agents, stabilizers, food additives, etc.
- the probiotic formulation according to the invention generally comprises
- Formulations which have 30 to 70, in particular 30 to 55% by weight, of stabilized microorganisms are particularly preferred.
- Formulations which are particularly preferred according to the invention are those which comprise microorganisms of the species Enterococcus faecium and / or Lactobacillus acidophilus stabilized by drying, and sodium alginate and / or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose or one of its derivatives and magnesium stearate.
- the present invention relates to the use of the probiotically active formulations according to the invention as additives for foods and for the manufacture of medicaments, in particular for the manufacture of preparations for the treatment of disorders of the intestinal flora.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing probiotic formulations, which comprises the following steps:
- the microorganisms are mixed with the corresponding gastric juice-resistant matrix components and, if appropriate, with further auxiliary components, in particular those necessary for compacting (cube mixer, ERWEKA company) and with an eccentric press (type EK 0, KORSCH company) to give compressed products with a diameter of 10 mm pressed.
- the pressing pressure applied is 15 kN.
- the compacts obtained are subsequently processed into granules using a dry granulating device (device type TG 2 / S, company ERWEKA) and this is then classified using a sieve tower (company RETSCH).
- Granules with particle diameters of 2.0 to 4.0 mm are Further examinations, such as the determination of initial germ counts, survival germ counts, etc., are supplied.
- the lyophilisate can already adhere to the glass wall when the dilution bottles are loaded, as a result of which the bacteria partially survive in the dry film under a moist protective layer.
- the dilution bottle must therefore be subjected to an even shaking motion right from the start to prevent the lyophilisate from settling on the bottom.
- the components for a first compacting process are mixed and compressed.
- the compressed products are then granulated into granules A as an intermediate product.
- the granulate A is compressed again with other necessary components (e.g. with the same parts by weight of HMPC acetate succinate granulate) and granulated to an end product (granulate B).
- This manufacturing technology optimizes the embedding of the microorganisms in the stabilizing matrix by means of several process steps which can be carried out easily.
- the powder mixture prepared in accordance with the mixing ratio given above was granulated dry, the granules subsequently mixed 1: 1 with HPMC-AS-LF granules of the same average grain size and subjected to the dry granulation process again.
- the cultural live germ count determination was for the starting lyophilisate, the starting granules and for the preparations after incubation in 0.1 N HCl ("survival germ count"). Detection was carried out by plating on Rogosa agar (medium: anaerobically for 72 h at 37 0 C; Lit .: Mitsuoka, Zbl.Bakt.I. Orig, 210 (1969), 32-51.); the survival germ numbers were determined in the same way.
- Formulation recipe 49.5 g L. acidophilus lyophilisate
- Formulation recipe 20 g L.acidophilus lyophilisate
- Granules Granules Mixed granules-granules
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU72657/96A AU7265796A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1996-11-04 | Probiotically acting formulation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1810/95 | 1995-11-02 | ||
AT0181095A AT405235B (de) | 1995-11-02 | 1995-11-02 | Probiotisch wirksame formulierung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997016198A1 true WO1997016198A1 (fr) | 1997-05-09 |
Family
ID=3521473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1996/000214 WO1997016198A1 (fr) | 1995-11-02 | 1996-11-04 | Formulation a effet probiotique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT405235B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7265796A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997016198A1 (fr) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997035596A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Methode et formule pour la prevention de la diarrhee |
WO2000007571A2 (fr) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-17 | Helmut Viernstein | Formulations renfermant des micro-organismes a effet probiotique |
WO2002005829A2 (fr) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-24 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Procede permettant de reduire les changements dans la flore gastro-intestinale nuisibles du point de vue ecologique intervenus chez des patients suivant un traitement medicamenteux |
WO2005060937A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-07 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Tablettes comprimees comprenant des micro-organismes probiotiques viables |
WO2006122965A1 (fr) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Compositions pour applications enteriques de micro-organismes |
EP2194125A2 (fr) | 2005-05-11 | 2010-06-09 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Souches de bactéries lactiques sensitives aux antibiotiques |
US7785635B1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-08-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of use of probiotic lactobacilli for companion animals |
WO2010103201A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Lesaffre Et Compagnie | Granulé probiotique stable et son procédé de préparation |
US7906112B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-03-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Canine probiotic Lactobacilli |
US7998473B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-08-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal disorders using canine probiotic bifidobacterium |
US8034601B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2011-10-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Feline probiotic bifidobacteria |
US8563522B2 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2013-10-22 | The Iams Company | Method of maintaining and/or attenuating a decline in quality of life |
US8809035B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-08-19 | The Iams Company | Canine probiotic Bifidobacterium |
US8877178B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-11-04 | The Iams Company | Methods of use of probiotic bifidobacteria for companion animals |
US9192177B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2015-11-24 | The Iams Company | Feline probiotic Lactobacilli |
US9415083B2 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2016-08-16 | Mars, Incorporated | Method for decreasing inflammation and stress in a mammal |
US9771199B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2017-09-26 | Mars, Incorporated | Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging |
US10104903B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2018-10-23 | Mars, Incorporated | Animal food and its appearance |
CN110891432A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-17 | 三菱商事生命科学株式会社 | 吞咽困难者用增粘组合物 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6466124A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-13 | Freunt Ind Co Ltd | Granule containing intestinal useful bacterium and production thereof |
WO1989005849A1 (fr) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-29 | Chr. Hansen's Laboratorium A/S | Bacteries d'acide lactique destinees a etre utilisees dans des produits lactes fermentes et dans des preparations veterinaires |
EP0627173A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-31 | 1994-12-07 | GIULIANI S.p.A. | Préparation pour utilisation diététique ou comme complément alimentaire avec libération ciblée dans le colon |
WO1995034292A2 (fr) * | 1994-06-14 | 1995-12-21 | Recordati S.A. Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company | Composes stabilises et biologiquement actifs contenus dans des microgranules enrobees pouvant etre mises en suspension dans des liquides alimentaires |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4839281A (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1989-06-13 | New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc. | Lactobacillus strains and methods of selection |
SE465206B (sv) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-12 | Eva Grahn | Farmaceutisk beredning foer bekaempning av patogena tarmbakterier |
EP0471904A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-09 | 1992-02-26 | Milpak, Inc. | Composition instantanée à base de yaourt |
DE4119306C2 (de) * | 1991-06-12 | 1996-05-30 | Wheli Inter Ag | Organische Rohstoffe, Zwischen- und Endprodukte für die Ernährung und zur Verwendung für technische Zwecke, die Vitalstoffe enthalten |
IT1254210B (it) * | 1992-02-10 | 1995-09-14 | Simone Claudio De | Composizioni dietetiche e/o farmaceutiche a base di batteri lattici liofilizzati, loro preparazione e impiego |
-
1995
- 1995-11-02 AT AT0181095A patent/AT405235B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-11-04 WO PCT/AT1996/000214 patent/WO1997016198A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1996-11-04 AU AU72657/96A patent/AU7265796A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6466124A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-13 | Freunt Ind Co Ltd | Granule containing intestinal useful bacterium and production thereof |
WO1989005849A1 (fr) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-06-29 | Chr. Hansen's Laboratorium A/S | Bacteries d'acide lactique destinees a etre utilisees dans des produits lactes fermentes et dans des preparations veterinaires |
EP0627173A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-31 | 1994-12-07 | GIULIANI S.p.A. | Préparation pour utilisation diététique ou comme complément alimentaire avec libération ciblée dans le colon |
WO1995034292A2 (fr) * | 1994-06-14 | 1995-12-21 | Recordati S.A. Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company | Composes stabilises et biologiquement actifs contenus dans des microgranules enrobees pouvant etre mises en suspension dans des liquides alimentaires |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8916, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A96, AN 89-119459, XP002025911 * |
Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997035596A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Methode et formule pour la prevention de la diarrhee |
US5902578A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1999-05-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Method and formula for the prevention of diarrhea |
US8563522B2 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2013-10-22 | The Iams Company | Method of maintaining and/or attenuating a decline in quality of life |
WO2000007571A2 (fr) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-17 | Helmut Viernstein | Formulations renfermant des micro-organismes a effet probiotique |
WO2000007571A3 (fr) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-05-11 | Helmut Viernstein | Formulations renfermant des micro-organismes a effet probiotique |
WO2002005829A2 (fr) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-24 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Procede permettant de reduire les changements dans la flore gastro-intestinale nuisibles du point de vue ecologique intervenus chez des patients suivant un traitement medicamenteux |
WO2002005829A3 (fr) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-05-02 | Hansens Lab | Procede permettant de reduire les changements dans la flore gastro-intestinale nuisibles du point de vue ecologique intervenus chez des patients suivant un traitement medicamenteux |
US7785635B1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-08-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of use of probiotic lactobacilli for companion animals |
US8877178B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-11-04 | The Iams Company | Methods of use of probiotic bifidobacteria for companion animals |
US9821015B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2017-11-21 | Mars, Incorporated | Methods of use of probiotic bifidobacteria for companion animals |
US9580680B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2017-02-28 | Mars, Incorporated | Canine probiotic bifidobacterium pseudolongum |
US8809035B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-08-19 | The Iams Company | Canine probiotic Bifidobacterium |
US8900568B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-12-02 | The Iams Company | Method of treating diarrhea in a canine |
US7906112B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-03-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Canine probiotic Lactobacilli |
US7998473B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-08-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal disorders using canine probiotic bifidobacterium |
US8900569B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-12-02 | The Iams Company | Method of treating diarrhea in a canine |
US8894991B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-11-25 | The Iams Company | Canine probiotic Lactobacilli |
US8802158B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-08-12 | The Iams Company | Methods of use of probiotic Lactobacilli for companion animals |
US8840880B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2014-09-23 | The Iams Company | Canine probiotic bifidobacteria globosum |
WO2005060937A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-07 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Tablettes comprimees comprenant des micro-organismes probiotiques viables |
US9415083B2 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2016-08-16 | Mars, Incorporated | Method for decreasing inflammation and stress in a mammal |
US8021883B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2011-09-20 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Antibiotic-sensitive lactic acid bacteria strains |
EP2194125A2 (fr) | 2005-05-11 | 2010-06-09 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Souches de bactéries lactiques sensitives aux antibiotiques |
EP2264164A1 (fr) | 2005-05-11 | 2010-12-22 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Souches de bactéries lactiques sensitives aux antibiotiques |
US8440450B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2013-05-14 | Chr. Hansen A/S | Antibiotic-sensitive lactic acid bacteria strains |
WO2006122965A1 (fr) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Compositions pour applications enteriques de micro-organismes |
US8697126B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2014-04-15 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Compositions for enternal application of microorganisms |
US8034601B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2011-10-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Feline probiotic bifidobacteria |
US9192177B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2015-11-24 | The Iams Company | Feline probiotic Lactobacilli |
US9404162B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2016-08-02 | Mars, Incorporated | Feline probiotic bifidobacteria and methods |
US9427000B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2016-08-30 | Mars, Incorporated | Feline probiotic lactobacilli composition and methods |
US9771199B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2017-09-26 | Mars, Incorporated | Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging |
US10709156B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2020-07-14 | Mars, Incorporated | Pet supplement and methods of making |
FR2942939A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-17 | Lesaffre & Cie | Levure probiotique stable a la granulation,compositions probiotiques la comprenant,leur procede de preparation et leurs utilisations |
WO2010103201A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Lesaffre Et Compagnie | Granulé probiotique stable et son procédé de préparation |
RU2523199C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-10 | 2014-07-20 | Лезафр Э Компани | Стабильные пробиотические гранулы и способ их получения |
US10104903B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2018-10-23 | Mars, Incorporated | Animal food and its appearance |
CN110891432A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-17 | 三菱商事生命科学株式会社 | 吞咽困难者用增粘组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7265796A (en) | 1997-05-22 |
ATA181095A (de) | 1998-11-15 |
AT405235B (de) | 1999-06-25 |
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