WO1997005211A1 - Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms - Google Patents
Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997005211A1 WO1997005211A1 PCT/US1996/012340 US9612340W WO9705211A1 WO 1997005211 A1 WO1997005211 A1 WO 1997005211A1 US 9612340 W US9612340 W US 9612340W WO 9705211 A1 WO9705211 A1 WO 9705211A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- azeotrope
- pentafluoropropane
- hydrofluorocarbon
- weight percent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/32—The mixture being azeotropic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S521/902—Cellular polymer containing an isocyanurate structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S521/91—Plural blowing agents for producing nonpolyurethane cellular products
Definitions
- This invention relates to mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. These mixtures are useful as refrigerants for heating and cooling.
- Vapor compression is one type of refrigeration. In its simplest form, vapor compression involves changing the refrigerant from the liquid to the vapor phase through heat absorption at low pressure and then from the vapor to the liquid phase through heat removal at an elevated pressure.
- the primary purpose of refrigeration is to remove energy at low temperature.
- the primary purpose of a heat pump is to add energy at higher temperature. Heat pumps are considered reverse cycle systems because, for heating, the operation of the condenser is interchanged with that of the refrigeration evaporator.
- chlorofluoromethane and chlorofluoroethane derivatives have gained widespread use in refrigeration applications including air conditioning and heat pump applications owing to their unique combination of chemical and physical properties.
- refrigerants utilized in vapor compression systems are either single component fluids or azeotropic mixtures.
- certain applications such as centrifugal chillers, can only use pure or azeotropic refrigerants because non- azeotropic mixtures will separate in pool boiling evaporators resulting in undesirable performance.
- non-azeotropic (or zeotropic) refrigerants may be used.
- Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are particularly desirable because they do not fractionate on boiling. This behavior is desirable because in the vapor compression equipment in which these refrigerants are employed, condensed material is generated in preparation for cooling or heating purposes.
- the refrigerant composition exhibits a constant boiling point, i.e., is azeotrope-like, fractionation and segregation will occur on evaporation and condensation producing undesirable refrigerant distribution which may upset the cooling or heating. If a leak occurs in a refrigeration system during use or service, the composition of the azeotrope-like mixture does not change and, thus, the system pressures and performance remain unaffected.
- the substitute material must also possess those properties unique to the CFC's being replaced including chemical stability, low toxicity, non-flammability, and efficiency in use.
- the latter characteristic is important in refrigeration and air conditioning especially where a loss in refrigerant thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency may have secondary environmental impacts through increased fossil fuel use arising from an increased demand for electrical energy.
- the ideal CFC refrigerant substitute would not require major engineering changes to conventional vapor compression equipment currently used with CFC refrigerants.
- hydrofluorocarbons such as pentafluoropropane, including 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca), 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea), 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb), and 1,1 ,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) will not adversely affect atmospheric chemistry because these hydrofluorocarbons are negligible contributors to ozone depletion and to "green-house" global warming in comparison to fully halogenated species.
- novel mixtures comprising pentafluoropropane (HFC-245) and a hydrofluorocarbon of the formula C x F y H z wherein x is 3, 4, 5, or 6 and y and z are each independently 1 or a positive whole number such that the product of y/(y + z) is greater than 0.67.
- the 245 isomer is either 245ca or 245fa, most preferably 245fa.
- a second aspect of this invention is a cooling process in which any of the refrigerants of this invention are condensed and then evaporated in the vicinity of an object to be cooled. Additionally, the same process may be used to heat an object in the vicinity of the condensing refrigerant.
- Both the heating and cooling processes may be characterized as processes for transferring heat by condensing the refrigerant in a first region to be heated, transferring the refrigerant to a second region to be cooled, and evaporating the refrigerant in the region to be cooled.
- compositions of the invention comprise, consist essentially or consist of azeotrope-like or zeotropic mixtures.
- Azeotrope-like characteristics are inherent in those compositions in which an azeotropic system exists. In such systems, the precise azeotropic compositions have not been determined but have been ascertained to bewithin the ranges indicated herein.
- the azeotrope-like compositions exhibit vapor pressures within about ⁇ 5 psia and preferably within about ⁇ 2 psia (at 0°C) of the vapor pressure of the true azeotrope (at 0°C).
- compositions which are azeotrope-like relate to those compositions which are azeotrope-like.
- thermodynamic state of a fluid is defined by four variables: pressure, temperature, liquid composition and vapor composition, P, T, X, and Y, respectively.
- An azeotrope is a unique characteristic of a system of two or more components in which X and Y are equal at the state P and T. In practice, this means that the components of a mixture cannot be separated during a phase change and, therefore, are useful in cooling and heating applications.
- Azeotrope-like means that the composition behaves like an azeotrope, i.e., has constant boiling characteristics or a tendency not to fractionate on boiling or evaporation. In such compositions, the composition of the vapor formed during boiling or evaporation is identical or substantially identical to the original liquid composition.
- the liquid composition changes, if at all, only minimally.
- non-azeotrope-like compositions change to a substantial degree during boiling or evaporation.
- the azeotrope-like compositions of this invention exhibit essentially constant vapor pressure characteristics as the liquid mixture is evaporated and show relatively minor shifts in composition during evaporation.
- the compositions are advantageously used in a vapor compression cycle because they mimic the
- azeotrope-like compositions there is a range of compositions containing the same components in varying proportions that are azeotrope-like or constant boiling. All such compositions are intended to be covered by the terms "azeotrope-like" or “constant boiling” as used herein.
- azeotrope-like or “constant boiling” as used herein.
- an azeotrope of A and B represents a unique relationship, but with a variable composition depending on temperature and/or pressure.
- the boiling point of the azeotrope will vary with the pressure.
- compositions of this invention may include additional components.
- the preferred additional components are those which do not form new azeotropic or azeotrope-like systems.
- additional components that are not present in a first distillation cut taken.
- One way to determine whether the addition of a component forms a new azeotropic or azeotrope-like system is to distill a sample of the system under conditions, such as with reflux, that would be expected to separate the mixture into its separate components. If the mixture containing the additional component is non- azeotropic or non-azeotrope-Iike, the additional component will fractionate from the azeotropic or azeotrope-like components.
- first distillation cut means the first cut taken after the distillation column displays the steady state operation under total reflux conditions
- the additional components that may be used include those components added to tailor the properties of the composition to the end use. For example, it is known to add propane to refrigerant compositions to aid solubility, with commercial refrigeration lubricants Other suitable additional components will be readily apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
- the present invention meets the need in the art for a refrigerant that has a low ozone depletion potential and is a negligible contributor to global warming compared to fully halogenated CFC refrigerants.
- the compositions of the invention are nonflammable, have a coefficient of performance and capacity suitable for use as replacement refrigerants, and have low compressor discharge temperatures.
- the compositions of the invention may be used in a method for producing refrigeration that comprises condensing a refrigerant comprising the compositions of the invention and, subsequently, evaporating the refrigerant in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.
- the compositions of this invention may be used in a method for producing heating that comprises condensing a refrigerant composition comprising the compositions of this invention in the vicinity of a body to be heated and then evaporating the refrigerant.
- compositions of this invention may also be used as heat transfer fluids.
- heat transfer fluids For example, in certain refrigeration systems, it is desirable to operate the system at a specific temperature. However, maintaining the desired temperature may require the addition or removal of heat. Thus, a secondary heating loop containing an appropriate heat transfer fluid may be added.
- the heat transfer fluid absorbs heat in one part of the cycle and transfers the heat to another part of the cycle without changing state when the heat transferred is sensible heat, or by changing state when the heat transferred is latent heat.
- the compositions of this invention are used in a method for producing polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
- the method comprises reacting and foaming a mixture of ingredients that forms the polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams in the presence of a volatile blowing agent comprising the compositions of this invention.
- the blowing agents of this invention are used alone or in a premix with a polyol.
- the premix comprises the compositions of this invention prior to reaction and foaming of the ingredients forming polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
- Suitable polyols for the premix are known in the art, for example in U.S. Patent No. 5,130, 345 incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
- compositions of this invention may be used in a method for producing foam comprising blending heat plasticized resin with a volatile blowing agent comprising the compositions of this invention and introducing the resin/volatile blowing agent blend into a zone of lower pressure to cause foaming.
- the compositions of this invention may also be used in a method of dissolving contaminants or removing contaminants from the surface of a substrate. This use comprises the step of contacting the substrate with the compositions.
- the compositions of this invention may also be used as fire extinguishing agents or as volatile carrier fluids or propellants in aerosol formulations.
- the materials used to form the compositions of this invention are used in sufficiently high purity so as to avoid the introduction of adverse influences on the cooling or heating properties or constant boiling properties of the azeotrope-like embodiments of the invention.
- the invention is illustrated in the following Tables 1 through 4. With respect to these Tables, it is to be understood that the specified composition weight percentages are prefaced by the term "about”; and NBP refers to the normal boiling point; VP refers to vapor pressure equal to 0.99 atm and also the chemical structures are shown with letters and numbers with the understanding that in these structures, the capital letters are on the line and the numbers are in subscript to create the standard chemical formula notation.
- the azeotrope-like mixture comprises 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, and the hydrofluorocarbon which is independently selected from the 245ca components of Table 1 , and is present in the mixture at or between the upper and lower values by weight percent for the preferred, more preferred or most preferred ranges as shown in Table 1.
- the azeotrope-like mixture comprises 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane, and the hydrofluorocarbon is independently selected from the 245ea azeotrope components of Table 2 is present in the mixture at or between the upper and lower values by weight percent for the preferred, more preferred, or most preferred ranges as shown in Table 2.
- the azeotrope-like mixture comprises 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, and the hydrofluorocarbon is independently selected from the 245eb azeotrope components of Table 3 is present in the mixture at or between the upper and lower values by weight percent for the preferred, more preferred, or most preferred ranges shown in Table 3.
- the azeotrope-like mixture comprises 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane
- the hydrofluorocarbon is independently selected from the 245fa azeotrope components of Table 4 is present in the mixture at or between the upper and lower values by weight percent for the preferred, more preferred, or most preferred ranges as shown in Table 4.
- the capacity of a refrigerant represents the volume efficiency of the refrigerant. To a compressor engineer, this value expresses the capability of a compressor to pump quantities of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a specific compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will deliver more cooling or heating power.
- Blend 1 HFC-245ca and CF 3 CH 2 CHFCF 3
- Blend 2 HFC-245fa and CF 2 HCHFCHFCF 3
- Table 5 lists the COP and capacity of the various blends at typical chiller conditions in a saturated cycle and at 40° F evaporator temperature and 100° F condensing temperature and a compressor efficiency of 80% and a displacement of 1000 cubic feet per hour.
- the HFC-245 compositions of this invention are useful refrigerants.
- the compositions of this invention overcome the potential drawbacks of the single component refrigerants in that the present blends likely will not exhibit flame limits when tested in air at ambient conditions using the ASTM E-681 method as specified in the american Society of
- HVAC Heating. Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP50779897A JP2001509180A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane with hydrofluorocarbons having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
DE69612290T DE69612290T2 (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | MIXTURES OF PENTAFLUOROPROPANE AND A HYDROFLUORED HYDROCARBON WITH 4 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS |
EP96925538A EP0840768B1 (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms |
AU66023/96A AU6602396A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US153095P | 1995-07-26 | 1995-07-26 | |
US60/001,530 | 1995-07-26 | ||
US08/685,821 | 1996-07-25 | ||
US08/685,821 US5800729A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-25 | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997005211A1 true WO1997005211A1 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
Family
ID=26669163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/012340 WO1997005211A1 (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1996-07-26 | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5800729A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0840768B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001509180A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19990035819A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6602396A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2227915A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69612290T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2158326T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9800612A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997005211A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998008913A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
US5762817A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-06-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Decafluoropentane compositions |
WO1998051651A1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-19 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Fluorinated hydrocarbons, detergents, deterging method, polymer-containing fluids, and method of forming polymer films |
US6100229A (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2000-08-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,-pentafluoropropane and chlorinated ethylenes |
WO2008027604A2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Production processes and systems, compositions, surfactants monomer units, metal complexes, phosphate esters, glycols, aqueous film forming foams and foam stabilizers |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6423757B1 (en) | 1995-07-26 | 2002-07-23 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Process for producing polymer foam using mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
US5800729A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1998-09-01 | Electric Power Research | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
US6264921B1 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 2001-07-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Fluid delivery system and propellant mixture therefor |
US6132630A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2000-10-17 | Tuboscope Vetco International Inc. | Methods for wastewater treatment |
US6235265B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2001-05-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Evaporative coolant for topical anesthesia comprising hydrofluorocarbons and/or hydrochlorofluorocarbons |
CA2409461A1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-15 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Evaporative coolant comprising hydrofluorocarbons and/or hydrochlorofluorocarbons |
US8463441B2 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2013-06-11 | Hudson Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optimizing refrigeration systems |
CN100400615C (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2008-07-09 | 天津大学 | Medium-high temperature hot pumping mixed working medium containing HFC-152a |
US7452617B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2008-11-18 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell dielectric coolant and evaporative cooling process using same |
JP5062172B2 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2012-10-31 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working fluid for latent heat transport device and method of operating latent heat transport device |
WO2008105410A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Working medium for heat cycle |
LT2634232T (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2022-06-10 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Compositions |
SG193153A1 (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2013-09-30 | Du Pont | Compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane or 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene |
WO2013096515A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Use of compositions comprising e-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and optionally, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane in power cycles |
USD1015533S1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2024-02-20 | 623 Medical, Llc | Vapocoolant device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994022973A1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Refrigerant compositions including hexafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon |
WO1995008603A1 (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions including two hydrofluorocarbons |
WO1996010063A1 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-04 | The Electric Power Research Institute | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoropropane and a perfluorinated fluorocarbon having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or n-methylperfluoromorpholine or n-ethylperfluoromorpholine |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3903336A1 (en) * | 1989-02-04 | 1990-08-09 | Bayer Ag | USING C (ARROW DOWN) 3 (DOWN ARROW) - UP TO C (DOWN ARROW) 5 (DOWN ARROW) -POLYFLUOROUS CANS AS PRESSURE GASES |
DE69308853T2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1997-09-18 | Du Pont | COOLING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 1,12,2-TETRAFLUORETHANE |
US5562855A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-10-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Octafluorobutane compositions |
US5558810A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-09-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pentafluoropropane compositions |
US5800729A (en) | 1995-07-26 | 1998-09-01 | Electric Power Research | Mixtures of pentafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon having 3 to 6 carbon atoms |
US5562857A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1996-10-08 | Bayer Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 2-methyl butane |
US5672294A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1997-09-30 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentaflurorpropane and hydrocarbons |
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 US US08/685,821 patent/US5800729A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-26 CA CA002227915A patent/CA2227915A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-26 WO PCT/US1996/012340 patent/WO1997005211A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-26 DE DE69612290T patent/DE69612290T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-26 EP EP96925538A patent/EP0840768B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-26 KR KR1019980700478A patent/KR19990035819A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-26 JP JP50779897A patent/JP2001509180A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-26 AU AU66023/96A patent/AU6602396A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-26 ES ES96925538T patent/ES2158326T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 MX MX9800612A patent/MX9800612A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-31 US US09/271,043 patent/US6557359B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994022973A1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Refrigerant compositions including hexafluoropropane and a hydrofluorocarbon |
WO1995008603A1 (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-30 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions including two hydrofluorocarbons |
WO1996010063A1 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-04 | The Electric Power Research Institute | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoropropane and a perfluorinated fluorocarbon having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or n-methylperfluoromorpholine or n-ethylperfluoromorpholine |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5762817A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-06-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Decafluoropentane compositions |
WO1998008913A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
US6495060B2 (en) | 1996-08-30 | 2002-12-17 | Ineos Fluor Holdings Limited | Refrigerant compositions |
WO1998051651A1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-19 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Fluorinated hydrocarbons, detergents, deterging method, polymer-containing fluids, and method of forming polymer films |
US6312759B1 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 2001-11-06 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Fluorinated hydrocarbons, detergents, deterging method, polymer-containing fluids, and method of forming polymer films |
US6100229A (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2000-08-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Compositions of 1,1,1,3,3,-pentafluoropropane and chlorinated ethylenes |
WO2008027604A2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Production processes and systems, compositions, surfactants monomer units, metal complexes, phosphate esters, glycols, aqueous film forming foams and foam stabilizers |
WO2008027604A3 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-06-12 | Great Lakes Chemical Corp | Production processes and systems, compositions, surfactants monomer units, metal complexes, phosphate esters, glycols, aqueous film forming foams and foam stabilizers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0840768B1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
DE69612290D1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
EP0840768A1 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
MX9800612A (en) | 1998-11-30 |
ES2158326T3 (en) | 2001-09-01 |
CA2227915A1 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
US5800729A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
JP2001509180A (en) | 2001-07-10 |
DE69612290T2 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
US6557359B1 (en) | 2003-05-06 |
AU6602396A (en) | 1997-02-26 |
KR19990035819A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
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