WO1997000547A1 - Electrode material for a spark plug - Google Patents
Electrode material for a spark plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997000547A1 WO1997000547A1 PCT/US1996/009650 US9609650W WO9700547A1 WO 1997000547 A1 WO1997000547 A1 WO 1997000547A1 US 9609650 W US9609650 W US 9609650W WO 9700547 A1 WO9700547 A1 WO 9700547A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode material
- electrode
- core
- spark plug
- alloy
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WYDVQMAEAOAAAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium copper iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe][Cr][Cu][Ni] WYDVQMAEAOAAAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electrode materi ⁇ al for a spark plug used in an internal combustion engine.
- a spark plug is sometimes cited as a limiting factor of engine performance.
- an otherwise un- changed internal combustion engine can realize signifi ⁇ cant gains in power, smoothness, and reliability if spark plug technology is able to keep abreast.
- automotive spark plugs are manufactured with a center electrode made of a nickel alloy with a core of copper to conduct heat generated by the ignition spark and fuel combustion from the elec- trode tip.
- the objective is to reduce the temperature at the electrode arcing surface, reducing erosion, and prolonging the life of the spark plug.
- Such electrodes are only produced with about 30% copper by weight.
- the flow characteristics of the copper and the nickel alloy cladding differ greatly in the co-extrusion process.
- the copper does not maintain a uniform cross-section.
- To increase the amount of copper over about 30% would increase the risk of thin ⁇ ning the cladding to the point of rupture of the clad- ding during fabrication.
- Copper, if exposed to the engine atmosphere, can be oxidized and the low density oxide particles will have poor adherence to the base metal and spall due to differential thermal expansion as heating and cooling take place. These particles in the cylinder of the engine could cause mechanical damage to piston rings and other components.
- a solution to the difficulties presented by conventional approaches calls for a cladding technique to cover a large nickel or other high conductivity core material with a formed and welded strip of nickel alloy selected for use as the electrode surface. This results in a coil of composite wire with a core of about 70% of the wire cross-section being nickel or other suitable material with a high thermal conductivity.
- the composite wire can be processed on equip ⁇ ment currently used to fabricate solid alloy spark plug electrodes including equipment and techniques for continued manufacture of finished spark plugs by conven- tional methods.
- the present invention permits electrodes to be made with round, rectangular, and other shaped cross- sections.
- the present invention discloses an electrode material for a spark plug.
- the spark plug has a center electrode, and a ground electrode, between which a gap is defined.
- the ground electrode is traditionally joined to a steel shell, the average temperature of which will be lower than the temperature in the gap region where the spark is formed prior to fuel detonation.
- the electrode material comprises a core having a high thermal conductivity.
- the core is able to reduce the temperature of the spark plug by thermally conduct- ing heat away from the gap to the engine block by way of the spark plug shell to which it is welded.
- Surrounding the core is a cladding layer of a nickel-base alloy for resisting erosion when exposed to the high temperatures caused by arcing and combustion of fuel.
- the metallic core extends continuously from an arcing surface at an end of the electrodes to the cooler part of the spark plug.
- FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a spark plug material found in the prior art
- FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of an operating section of a spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine
- FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode of the present invention taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 2.
- FIG. 1-2 there is depict ⁇ ed a cross-sectional view of a conventional spark plug 10 for use in an internal combustion engine.
- the spark plug 10 conventionally has a central electrode 12, a ground electrode 14, and a gap 16 defined therebetween.
- the ground electrode is joined by weld ⁇ ing, to a cooler part of the spark plug such as steel shell 18.
- FIG 1 there is depicted a composite spark plug electrode found in the prior art which includes a section having a high thermal conductivity. Such a construction is often typified by erosion which is manifest after prolonged exposure to the operating environment of an internal combustion engine.
- a metallic core 20 which has a high thermal conductivity that is helpful in reducing the temperature of the spark plug by conducting heat away from the gap 16 to a cooler part, such as steel shell 18 of the spark plug.
- Surrounding the core 20 is a clad ⁇ ding layer of a nickel-base alloy layer 22.
- the clad ⁇ ding layer 22 resists erosion when exposed to the high temperatures caused by arcing and combustion of the fuel.
- the metallic core extends continuously from an arcing surface 24 located at the end of the electrode to the cooler part of the engine through the steel shell 18 of the spark plug.
- the electrode material of the present inven- tion provides an enhanced heat conducting capacity over conventional copper-cored electrodes since much more core material can be used and less thickness of low conductivity cladding alloy is required. Thus, a much greater proportion of the cross-section than is found in the prior art can be devoted to heat conduction.
- FIG. 3 there is depicted a diffusion interlayer 26 between the core 20 and cladding layer 22.
- the diffusion interlayer 26 serves as a metallurgical bond which enhances heat transfer and minimizes delamination of the cladding from the core.
- the nickel alloy cladding has a minimal effect on heat flow since the core is metallurgically bonded to the cladding along the length of the electrode and proximate the arcing surface.
- Suitable materials for the core besides copper include high purity nickel, which has been found to improve the electrode life of a conventional copper- cored extruded electrode. High purity nickel can be exposed to the engine atmosphere with no harmful ef ⁇ fects. Additionally, nickel cores tend to enhance the welding of the ground electrode to the shell in relation to the weldability of solid nickel alloy electrodes.
- the sheath thickness can be varied to change the effective thickness of the electrode wear surface in order to promote longevity of the resulting spark plug.
- the technology disclosed herein can be used to fabricate either the ground electrode or the center electrode or both. Such approaches can be expected to greatly extend service life, given an appropriate selection of sheathing, closure technique, and filler metals.
- the core materials that are suitable for selection are copper, nickel, iron, silver, alloys thereof, graphite, aluminum nitride, and similar com ⁇ pounds.
- the core may be formed from a stranded construction of high thermal conductivity strands proportionately mixed with strands of a high oxidation resistance alloy to resist oxygen attack while the other strands promote the high thermal conductivity.
- the HOSKINS ALLOY 651 is a preferred core material. It has 99.3% nickel.
- the preferred cladding material is the HOSKINS ALLOY 831 which has 77% Ni; 14.8% Cr; 0.35% Mn; 0.35% Si; and 7.5% Fe.
- the core material could be modified from a pure metal to an alloy with greater resistance to oxidation and thus loss of material by spalling from being exposed to the engine atmosphere by fusion welding the core and cladding at the electrode end as the spark plug is being manufactured.
- the composite electrode might advantageously incorporate an inner and an outer clad ⁇ ding layer of dissimilar alloys where the inner layer would be selected to alloy easily with copper, resulting in an oxidation resistant alloy when fusion welded.
- the alloy of the outer layer provides the arc resistant surface for the ground electrode.
- a consumable welding electrode may cap the composite electrode and provide the arc resistant surface.
- the electrode material When copper is used as a core, the electrode material includes a region of copper exposed at the arcing surface 24 resulting from shearing the composite electrode from a reel of the material.
- a copper alloy can be used as the core material that has an alloying element which can be precipitated through heat treatment, thus yielding widely dispersed particles that will oxidize preferen ⁇ tially to the copper base material.
- the core may be formed from a copper/chromium/titanium alloy or other copper alloy with limited solubility additives that can be heat treated to precipitate out the second ⁇ ary phases, thus restoring the thermal conductivity of the copper while retaining the oxidation resistant characteristics of the Cr and Ti precipitates.
- suitable cores may include metals and compounds that may have only 1/3 the thermal conductivity of copper. Their selection may be a suitable alternative if availability and cost considerations dictate.
- the cladding layer Upon exposure to the operating conditions of the electrode, the cladding layer forms an adherent oxide layer that is resistant to sulfur, carbon, and other corrosive agents.
- the alloy is desirable because of its high temperature stability.
- the disclosed material also has the potential of eliminating the need for platinum alloy tips often found in prior art electrode materials.
- HOSKINS ALLOY 893 is available from the Hoskins Manufacturing Company of Hamburg, Michigan.
- This cladding is a combination alloy containing several additives known to initiate an adherent layer on surfac ⁇ es exposed to high temperatures in an oxidizing atmo- sphere. Its melting point is at least as high as HOSKINS ALLOY 831 and its resistance to corrosion is much superior.
- Electrode materials can be supplied in solid round or rectangular wire or as nickel (or other material) cored composites in round, rectangular, and shaped forms. If desired, the HOSKINS ALLOY 831 may comprise the cladding layer in conjunction with a ceramic core having a high thermal conductivity, which exceeds that of most metals, and in particular, aluminum nitride.
- the cladding layer 22 is formed from a nickel-based alloy with 14-15.5% Cr; 7-8% Fe; 0.2-0.5% Si; and 0.2-0.5% Mn.
- a cladding layer is especially preferred with a core of pure nickel in which the minimum nickel content is about 99.3%, with a balance of Co, Si, Ca, Mg, and Zr.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9503195A JPH10511804A (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1996-06-10 | Electrode material for spark plug |
EP96919249A EP0871999A4 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1996-06-10 | Electrode material for a spark plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/491,618 US5675209A (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1995-06-19 | Electrode material for a spark plug |
US491,618 | 1995-06-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997000547A1 true WO1997000547A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
Family
ID=23952971
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/009650 WO1997000547A1 (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1996-06-10 | Electrode material for a spark plug |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5675209A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0871999A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10511804A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2222616A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997000547A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6194819B1 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 2001-02-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Spark plug with lower operating temperature |
EP2408071B1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2018-01-10 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing same |
WO2020223413A1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Llc | Spark plug electrode and method of manufacturing same |
US11196235B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2021-12-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Electrode material spark plug electrode, and spark plug |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6495948B1 (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2002-12-17 | Pyrotek Enterprises, Inc. | Spark plug |
US6326719B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-12-04 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Spark plug shell having a bimetallic ground electrode spark plug incorporating the shell, and method of making same |
US6586865B1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2003-07-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Variable gap spark plug |
SG162795A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2010-07-29 | Callida Genomics Inc | Single molecule arrays for genetic and chemical analysis |
JP4700638B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2011-06-15 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
US7569979B2 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2009-08-04 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Spark plug having spark portion provided with a base material and a protective material |
US20070236124A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Spark plug |
DE102010010536B4 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2017-01-05 | Theodor Stuth | Process for the production of nickel strip |
BR112013001540A2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2016-05-10 | Federal Mogul Ignition Co | spark plug and electrode material |
US8471451B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2013-06-25 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Ruthenium-based electrode material for a spark plug |
DE112012000600B4 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2018-12-13 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | A spark plug electrode for a spark plug, spark plug, and method of manufacturing a spark plug electrode |
DE112012000947B4 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2018-03-22 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method for producing an electrode material for a spark plug |
US8766519B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2014-07-01 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode material for a spark plug |
DE112012004420B4 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2018-03-29 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Co. | A method of manufacturing an electrode of a spark plug and spark plug manufacturing method |
US10044172B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode for spark plug comprising ruthenium-based material |
US8890399B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2014-11-18 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method of making ruthenium-based material for spark plug electrode |
US8979606B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2015-03-17 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method of manufacturing a ruthenium-based spark plug electrode material into a desired form and a ruthenium-based material for use in a spark plug |
US9083156B2 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2015-07-14 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electrode core material for spark plugs |
US9130358B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-08 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Method of manufacturing spark plug electrode material |
JP5986265B1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-09-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3356882A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1967-12-05 | Ford Motor Co | Spark plug having the center electrode sheath with a nickel alloy |
US3548472A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1970-12-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Ignition plug and method for manufacturing a center electrode for the same |
US4808135A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1989-02-28 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Center electrode structure for spark plug |
US4881913A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1989-11-21 | General Motors Corporation | Extended life spark plug/igniter |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS56920B2 (en) * | 1972-04-04 | 1981-01-10 | ||
US3984717A (en) * | 1973-08-30 | 1976-10-05 | Chrysler Corporation | Spark plug |
US4904216A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1990-02-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Process for producing the center electrode of spark plug |
FR2603749B1 (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1992-06-05 | Eyquem | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BIMETALLIC CENTRAL ELECTRODE HAVING A PLATINUM TIP FOR SPARK PLUG AND ELECTRODE OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS |
US4725254A (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1988-02-16 | Allied Corporation | Method for manufacturing a center electrode for a spark plug |
WO1992000620A1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-09 | Jenbacher Energiesysteme Ag | Sparking plug |
US5210457A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1993-05-11 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Outer electrode for spark plug and a method of manufacturing thereof |
JP3327941B2 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 2002-09-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug |
JP2847681B2 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1999-01-20 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing center electrode of spark plug |
JPH05234662A (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1993-09-10 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Electrode for spark plug and its manufacture |
DE4203249A1 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-12 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | SPARK PLUG |
US5373214A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-12-13 | Mccready; David F. | Spark plug and electrode arrangement therefor |
JP2853108B2 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1999-02-03 | 日本特殊陶業 株式会社 | Spark plug |
US5320569A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-06-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method of making a spark plug |
JP3344737B2 (en) * | 1992-09-10 | 2002-11-18 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Spark plug manufacturing method |
DE9306195U1 (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1993-07-15 | BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg | spark plug |
DE9312864U1 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1994-12-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 70469 Stuttgart | Extruded electrode designed as a composite body |
-
1995
- 1995-06-19 US US08/491,618 patent/US5675209A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-10 JP JP9503195A patent/JPH10511804A/en active Pending
- 1996-06-10 CA CA002222616A patent/CA2222616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-10 EP EP96919249A patent/EP0871999A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-10 WO PCT/US1996/009650 patent/WO1997000547A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3356882A (en) * | 1965-10-21 | 1967-12-05 | Ford Motor Co | Spark plug having the center electrode sheath with a nickel alloy |
US3548472A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1970-12-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Ignition plug and method for manufacturing a center electrode for the same |
US4808135A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1989-02-28 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Center electrode structure for spark plug |
US4881913A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1989-11-21 | General Motors Corporation | Extended life spark plug/igniter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0871999A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6194819B1 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 2001-02-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Spark plug with lower operating temperature |
EP2408071B1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2018-01-10 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing same |
US11196235B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2021-12-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Electrode material spark plug electrode, and spark plug |
WO2020223413A1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Llc | Spark plug electrode and method of manufacturing same |
US11990731B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2024-05-21 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Llc | Spark plug electrode and method of manufacturing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10511804A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
EP0871999A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
CA2222616A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
EP0871999A4 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
US5675209A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
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