WO1996013148A1 - Procede hydroponique pour vegetaux et appareil utilise a cet effet - Google Patents
Procede hydroponique pour vegetaux et appareil utilise a cet effet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996013148A1 WO1996013148A1 PCT/JP1994/001829 JP9401829W WO9613148A1 WO 1996013148 A1 WO1996013148 A1 WO 1996013148A1 JP 9401829 W JP9401829 W JP 9401829W WO 9613148 A1 WO9613148 A1 WO 9613148A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cultivation
- liquid fertilizer
- liquid
- rhizosphere
- plant
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for hydroponics cultivation of plants and an apparatus used therefor, and more particularly to a method for hydroponics cultivation while activating plants and an apparatus used therefor.
- the bottom surface of the conventionally proposed rhizosphere support has a flat structure (see Fig. 7)
- the liquid fertilizer supplied from the upper surface of the rhizosphere support during crop cultivation is used for this bottom surface.
- most of the oxygen uptake from the branch root with high oxygen uptake of the plant extended to the bottom is only oxygen dissolved in the liquid manure, and the intake is extremely low.
- crops such as balsam, orchids and melons, which have high oxygen demands from the roots are cultivated using such rhizosphere supports, healthy growth becomes extremely difficult.
- stressed roots provide a suitable environment for the saprophytic microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere and assist in the growth of these microorganisms.
- Gases such as metabolites excreted by microorganisms and carbon dioxide, as well as harmful gases such as sulfide gases produced as a result of root decomposition, will further degrade the gas environment in the rhizosphere. If this develops further into an anaerobic environment, the environment in the rhizosphere will be in the worst condition due to aggressive gases such as hydrogen sulfide, which will also affect nutrient uptake. The deterioration of the gas environment causes the roots in the rhizosphere to become blackened and cause root rot.
- the conventional hydroponic cultivation method and apparatus cannot solve the problems of the state of the liquid fertilizer to be supplied, the timing of the supply and the amount of the supply, and the shape of the cultivation bed and the harmful gas retention in the cultivation bed.
- the plant was cultivated in a state where it could not grow smoothly or could not fully exhibit the original ability of the plant.
- there were disadvantages such as poor rooting, slow growth, reduced disease resistance, and inability to improve yield and quality.
- the liquid fertilizer in a method of hydroponically cultivating a plant using a cultivation bed made of an inorganic or organic porous material, has an average particle size from above on a rhizosphere support portion of the cultivation bed.
- a method for hydroponics cultivation of a plant characterized in that the method is supplied in the form of droplets of 1 mm or less, is provided.
- the ⁇ inorganic or organic porous body '' used as a cultivation bed in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any porous body made of an inorganic or organic material can be used. Conventionally used in hydroponics can be used. To be more specific, examples of the inorganic porous body include a particulate aggregate, a foam, a fiber aggregate, and rocks. Among them, a porous aggregate formed of a fiber aggregate is preferably used. You.
- Examples of the material of the granular porous material include sand, gravel (gravel), artificial aggregate, and charcoal. Among them, gravel is preferable, and a material of the foam-like porous material is, for example, ceramic foam. , Foamed glass, and the like. Examples of the material of the fibrous porous body include rock wool and glass wool. Examples of the material of the porous body of rocks include, for example, perlite, vermiculite, and the like. Is mentioned.
- organic porous body examples include a porous body made of a material such as plastic foam such as peat moss, sawdust, bark, and urethane foam, and a nonwoven fabric, and a porous body made of peat moss and sawdust is preferable. Used for
- the “plant” that can be cultivated according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and any plant that can be hydroponically cultivated can be cultivated.
- the following crops and forest trees It can be cultivated by the method of Ming.
- Horticultural crops Fruits: apples, pears, oysters, peaches, plums, grapes, trees, Wenzhou mandarin oranges, etc.
- Vegetables Kiuri, watermelon, tomato, strawberry, etc.
- Sugar crops sugarcane, sugar beet, etc.
- Dye crops eyes and the like.
- Perfume crops Zeranium and the like.
- Sap crops such as sumac.
- Forage crops Forage crops: orchard grass, aka clover, white clover, etc.
- Manure crops breadfruit, nem tree, etc.
- Green manure crops Vetch, ⁇ gogo palm, etc.
- hydroponics used in the present invention is based on the cultivation method described on page 13 of “Encyclopedia of hydroponics”, edited by Takeo Mitsuo, 4th edition, July 25, 1963, published by The Tomin Kyokai. It is a method of cultivating plants without using soil, and is also called a soilless cultivation method. When the hydroponic cultivation method is classified into five categories, there are those that have a medium that supports the roots, those that float the roots, and those that do not belong to any kind.In the present invention, those that have a medium that supports the roots are preferred. Used for
- Hydroponic cultivation methods that include a medium that supports the roots include inorganic medium cultivation and organic medium cultivation, with inorganic medium cultivation being preferred.
- inorganic medium cultivation include sand
- the organic medium cultivation includes, for example, peat moss cultivation, sawdust cultivation, bark cultivation, population standard culture soil cultivation, and nonwoven cultivation. Among them, peat moss cultivation is suitably used.
- rhizosphere generally refers to the periphery of the plant where the roots extend, specifically, the plant root itself and its surface, and the area in close proximity to the plant root. In other words, it is formed from the root that first appeared (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “primary root”) and the root that continued to grow from that root and continued to grow (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “branched root”). In the root system, it means a continuous area that fills the space between the primary root and the primary root, the secondary root and the branch root, and also the branch root and the branch root.
- the members that have the function of supporting these rhizosphere parts are called "Rhizosphere supports" It is.
- a cultivation bed made of the above-mentioned inorganic or organic porous material is used as a rhizosphere support.
- the method of the present invention is characterized in that liquid fertilizer is supplied from above to the rhizosphere support portion of the cultivation bed in the form of atomized droplets having an average particle diameter of 1 mm or less.
- liquid fertilizer refers to a liquid fertilizer in which some or all of the nutrients required for hydroponically cultivating a plant are dissolved in an aqueous medium, and the components and compositions of which are particularly limited. Instead, it can be changed arbitrarily according to the plant to be cultivated. Specifically, as nutrients, for example, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, magnesia, sulfur, iron, borrow, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, copper, chlorine, gay element, cobalt, vanadium, aluminum, selenium A mixture of these components in an amount necessary for the growth of the crop can be used.
- nutrients for example, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, magnesia, sulfur, iron, borrow, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, copper, chlorine, gay element, cobalt, vanadium, aluminum, selenium
- a mixture of these components in an amount necessary for the growth of the crop can be used.
- these liquid fertilizers have a mean particle size of 1 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm or less. Supplied to the sphere support portion.
- the method of supplying the liquid droplets of liquid fertilizer having an average particle diameter within the above range to the rhizosphere support includes, for example, (1) atomizing liquid fertilizer using a pressurized water spray nozzle which is generally used in spraying pesticides and the like.
- the method (2) is particularly preferably used.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for performing the method of the present invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of two embodiments of the liquid fertilizer supply device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a positional relationship between the injection nozzle and the obstacle
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cultivation bed portion of the apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a cultivation bed of various embodiments
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of an example of a conventional hydroponic cultivation bed
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the entire conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a liquid fertilizer supply device used in Comparative Example 1 described later
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a liquid fertilizer supply device used in Comparative Example 2 described later.
- common members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and have the following meanings.
- 1 obstacles, specifically liquid fertilizer reflectors, 2 ... pots, 3 ... rhizosphere supports, eg rock wool mats, 4 ... rock wool beds, 5 ... liquid fertilizer supply tubes, 6 ... ventilation windows, 7... Drain pipe, 8... Supply pipe, 9... Drip port water tube, 10... Bed insertion micro tube, 1... Non-woven fabric, 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ Cover film, 1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ Injection nozzle , 14 ... Liquid fertilizer, 15 ... Cultivation floor depression, 16 ... Ventilation fan, 17 ... Drainage box, 18 ... Gutter.
- the method of the present invention is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for a plant having a cultivation bed made of an inorganic or organic porous material, wherein the liquid fertilizer has an average particle size from above on a rhizosphere support portion of the cultivation bed.
- the present invention can be implemented using a hydroponic cultivation device for plants, which is provided with a liquid fertilizer supply device capable of supplying liquid droplets of l mm or less.
- the prepared liquid manure is ejected toward the obstacle ⁇ from the injection nozzles U_ installed on the liquid manure supply tubes via the liquid manure supply pump,
- the resulting mist drops penetrate the rock wool mat, the rhizosphere support, and are supplied.
- the liquid fertilizer not absorbed by the plant is temporarily stored in the drain box 17 through the mouth wool bed stand J_, and then drained from the drain pipe.
- a ventilation fan 16 is installed to discharge the harmful gas accumulated in the rock wool mat 3.
- the liquid fertilizer supply device that can be suitably used in the present invention is, for example, a liquid fertilizer supply device having an injection nozzle 13 for supplying liquid fertilizer maintained at a predetermined water pressure to a root zone support portion by a liquid fertilizer supply pump or the like.
- Tube 5 and liquid fertilizer lined tube It consists of plate-like, film-like, soul-like, and aggregates of small objects, etc., installed at a certain distance (distances _ _ shown in Fig. 4) above each other.
- the liquid fertilizer spouted in a linear, film, or rod shape from 13 will collide with the obstacle ⁇ and scatter in the form of mist, and will fall into the rhizosphere support of the cultivation floor and penetrate To go.
- a pot ⁇ in which plants to be cultivated are planted in advance is installed on the upper surface of the root support _ in the liquid fertilizer supply device as shown in FIG.
- the material of this pot is not particularly limited, and any material can be used.In general, the same material as the material of the rhizosphere support is used. Pots are preferably used.
- the rhizosphere of the plant gradually extends from the pot to the entire rhizosphere support over time.
- a cover film 12 covers the entire liquid supply device for the purpose of shielding the rhizosphere from the outside, keeping the temperature, and also preventing the liquid fertilizer from escaping outside. It is preferable that the cover film is generally black on the outer surface and has a light and heat reflecting function on the inner surface by, for example, aluminum evaporation. Further cover film! ⁇ Is installed along the groove 1 of the rock wool bed base so as to be in close contact with it. This groove serves as a drain for liquid fertilizer that has not been absorbed by the rhizosphere support and a passage for exhausting harmful gases by the ventilation fan 16 shown in FIG.
- a nonwoven fabric 11 was installed so as to cover the side and bottom surfaces of the rock wool mat.
- This non-woven fabric 11 allows liquid fertilizer and air to pass freely, but prevents the roots of the plant from elongating to the outside, and makes the mouth wool mat 3 Has the function of preventing drying.
- the material of the nonwoven fabric any material can be used as long as it has the above-mentioned function, but it is generally used according to the plant to be cultivated, such as a nonwoven fabric, a net, a cloth, and among others, a nonwoven fabric is preferable.
- the mouth wool bed base ji serving as a base for the mouth wool mat 3 is not particularly limited in its material as long as it supports rock wool mat, and any material can be used. Styrofoam is preferably used in consideration of heat retention.
- the liquid fertilizer supply pump for feeding the liquid fertilizer to the injection tube is not particularly limited, and any pump can be used. Generally, a spiral pump, an axial pump, and a mixed flow are used. A turbulent pump such as a pump; a positive displacement pump such as a reciprocating pump or a rotary pump can be used. In particular, a turbo pump is preferable, and a spiral pump is particularly preferable.
- the liquid fertilizer fed to the injection tube is jetted from the liquid fertilizer injection nozzle 13.
- the injection nozzle 13 is not particularly limited as long as it can eject liquid fertilizer in the form of a line, a film, a rod, or the like.
- the hole diameter or slit width of the injection nozzle is generally 0.1 l. -3 mm, preferably 0.2-2.5 mm, and the diameter or film thickness of the liquid fertilizer 1 ejected from this nozzle is generally 0.1-3 mm, preferably 0.3-0. It is desirable to adjust it to be within the range of 6 mm.
- the interval between the plurality of injection nozzles is not strictly limited, but is usually preferably 5 to 20 cm, more preferably 7 to 10 cm.
- the obstacle ⁇ is used to impinge the liquid fertilizer 14 ejected from the injection nozzle 13 in five shapes such as a linear shape, a film shape, and a rod shape, and to scatter the liquid fertilizer colliding on the surface in the form of atomized droplets.
- a plate-like body having a relatively smooth surface against which liquid fertilizer collides hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a liquid fertilizer reflector or simply a reflector is suitably used.
- the reflector for example, metal, concrete, stone
- metal, concrete, stone may be of an inorganic substance such as glass, or rubber, synthetic resin (e.g., vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester resin, fluorine ⁇ Fats, etc.), organic materials such as wood, etc., especially vinyl chloride resin
- synthetic resin e.g., vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester resin, fluorine ⁇ Fats, etc.
- organic materials such as wood, etc., especially vinyl chloride resin
- PDC polyethylene
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- the obstacle preferably a reflector, is installed on the liquid fertilizer supply tube in consideration of its surface shape, installation angle, etc., so that the liquid fertilizer colliding is reflected and scattered in the form of fine mist.
- the surface shape of the reflector can usually be smooth, but
- grooves or irregularities having a depth or height of about 0.01 to about 5 mm, preferably about 0.1 to about lmm can be provided, whereby the droplets of the liquid fertilizer that are reflected and scattered can be formed. You can also adjust the size.
- the angle at which the reflector is installed can be empirically determined by conducting small-scale experiments. Further, the size of the droplet can also be controlled by adjusting the distance between the jet nozzle 13 and the reflector 1, ie, the distance shown in FIG. 4, but the distance is generally 0.5. ⁇ 50 cm, preferably 1-30 cm. More preferably 5-20 cm. Most preferably 7-: LO cm.
- the distance from the reflector ⁇ to the surface of the rhizosphere support of the cultivation floor that is, the distance shown in Fig. 4 is not strictly limited, but the scattered liquid fertilizer in the form of mist is reflected. It is desirable to set the flight time so that it can be as long as possible. However, if the length is too long, the water in the liquid fertilizer may evaporate and concentrate.
- the distance is generally 3 to 100 cm, It is preferably 5 to 50 cm. More preferably 7 to 30 cm, and most preferably 10 to 15 cm.
- the collision angle of the liquid fertilizer ejected from the injection nozzle with respect to the reflector is not strictly limited, and can be changed according to conditions such as the shape and pressure of the ejected liquid fertilizer. It can be in the range of about 1 to about 90 degrees relative to the surface, preferably about 30 to about 90 degrees, particularly preferably about 60 to about 90 degrees.
- the “average particle size” of the liquid fertilizer referred to in the present invention refers to a large size 10% of small droplets and a small size 10% of all droplets of liquid fertilizer supplied from above to the rhizosphere support portion of the cultivation bed.
- the average value of the diameter of 80% of the fog droplets excluding the above is shown.
- the method for measuring the fog droplets is not particularly limited, and a known droplet measurement method can be used, but as a simple method, for example, A method for measuring mist droplets obtained by using the above-described ejection nozzle and reflector will be described.
- the plate-like object having a horizontal surface for capturing the fog droplets is not particularly specified as long as the material has a smooth surface and a property of repelling the fog droplets.
- a plate-like material having a surface wetting index of SO dyn eZcm or less, preferably 35 dyn eZcm or less can be used.
- a rubber plate made by Princeton Co., Ltd., Everlite (part number: B SNB-010, material: natural rubber, wettability: surface 45 dyn eZcm, back 32 dyn e / cm )].
- the fog droplets caught by the plate-like material will dry out in a short time.After capturing the fog droplets, immediately move them to an environment where the humidity is saturated, and use a measuring instrument such as a caliper. And measure the diameter of the droplets.
- the relationship between the liquid fertilizer supply timing and the liquid supply amount is not particularly limited, and can be changed according to the type of plant to be cultivated, the composition of the liquid fertilizer, and the like.
- the present inventors have conducted various studies in order to promote the healthy growth of plants. As a result, in general, the amount of liquid fertilizer supplied per unit time (X) and the amount of liquid fertilizer (y) expressed as the amount of liquid drainage (y) resulting from the fertilizer supply are shown. When cultivated under conditions where the liquid ratio (x / y) is in the range of 1.6 to 6, Was found to be activated.
- unit time refers to the time interval from the supply of one liquid fertilizer to the supply of the next liquid fertilizer, which includes the type of plant to be cultivated, the cultivation period, the method of hydroponics, For example, when the plant is a rose, the unit time is generally 0.5 to 4 hours, preferably 0.5 to 3 hours, and more preferably 0.8. ⁇ 2 hours.
- the number of times of liquid fertilizer supply is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to the type of plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, weather, etc., for example, when the plant is a rose In each case, the number can be 3 to 20 times, preferably 4 to 15 times, more preferably 5 to 10 times.
- the amount of liquid supply (X) and the amount of drainage (y) are also not particularly limited, and are appropriately determined according to the type of plant to be cultivated, cultivation time, hydroponic cultivation method, weather, and the like.
- the size is 300 mm in width and 910 mm in length. 75 mm in thickness and 100 mm between plants
- the amount of liquid supply per share (X) can be in the range of 30 to 220 ml / Z times, preferably 50 to: 170 m1 / time / strain, more preferably 60 to 100 ml / Z times.
- the drainage volume (y) is as follows: When (X) is 30 to 220 m 1 time ⁇ 5 to 138 m 1 time ⁇ Stock, preferably 6 to: L 10 m 1 Z Times, more preferably 9 to 88 m 1 times.
- the number of strains can be within the range of 50 to 170 ml. 6 m 1 Z strains, preferably 10 to 85 m 1 Z strains, more preferably 15 to 68 m 1 strains, and (X) force 60 to; LOOmlZ In the case of a strain, the number of strains can be in the range of 10 to 63 ml, preferably 12 to 5 Om1Z times, more preferably 18 to 4 Om1Z times.
- the feed rate (xZy) can usually be in the range of 1.6 to 6, preferably 2 to 5, and more preferably 2.5 to 3.3.
- the value of the supply rate ( X // y) is less than 1.6, excess water will be retained in the rhizosphere, and a large amount of oxygen will be supplied to the liquid supplied via the supply tube. Even if they are included, the oxygen transfer rate and the replacement rate of malignant gases such as carbon dioxide gas and sulfide gas may decrease.
- the devices for measuring the amount of liquid supply and the amount of drainage will be described more specifically.
- the present invention is not limited to the use of those devices, and the types of plants to be cultivated, It should be understood that it can be modified or changed as appropriate according to the timing, hydroponic cultivation method, etc.
- a liquid sending pump or a liquid level sensor can be used as a device for measuring a lined liquid amount and a drained liquid amount.
- a metering pump or a non-metering pump can be used as the liquid sending pump.
- metering pumps include tube pumps, glass plunger pumps, roller pumps, glass cylinder pumps, Examples include sealless glass pumps, diaphragm pumps, bellows pumps, plunger pumps, and the like.
- Non-quantitative pumps include, for example, turbo pumps (for example, spiral pumps, axial pumps, and mixed flow pumps).
- Positive displacement pumps for example, reciprocating pumps, rotary pumps
- specific examples include magnet pumps and submersible pumps.
- liquid level sensor for example, an electrode type, a float type (resistance type), an ultrasonic type, a capacitance type liquid level sensor, a micro wave type liquid level sensor, or the like can be used.
- these pumps diaphragm pumps and bellows pumps are preferred because of their high accuracy and practicality.
- float type (resistance type) and ultrasonic type are preferred. Is preferred because of its high practicality as well as accuracy. Controlling the amount of liquid supply and drainage with these measuring devices can be performed simply by combining a timer and a flow meter, but for more precise control, use a personal computer or microcomputer. The purpose can be achieved easily and efficiently by combining these devices with a relay and / or a sequencer.
- the shape of the cultivation bed used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any shape of cultivation bed can be used. As shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the cross-sectional structure of the cultivation floor cut at a right angle, one having a depression 15 at almost the center of the bottom of the rhizosphere support 3 is effective for plant activation and is preferably used. .
- the structure of the recesses is not particularly limited as long as the bottom of the rhizosphere support is substantially hollow at the center, and may have any structure.
- Arc or arc [Fig. 6 (1)-(2)] There can be a square shape [FIG. 6 (3)], a square shape [FIG. 6 (4)], etc., and among them, an arc shape or a triangular shape is preferable, and an arc shape or an arc shape is particularly preferable.
- the number of these depressions is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type and timing of the useful plant to be cultivated, the composition of the liquid fertilizer, the supply amount cultivation method, and the like, and may be one or more.
- the depth 4 of the depression is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected depending on the type of useful plant, the cultivation time, the type of liquid fertilizer, and the like. Generally, 0.5 to: LO cm, preferably l 55 cm, more preferably 2-3 cm.
- the width (W 2 ) of the depression can be generally in the range of 1 to 25 cm, preferably 2 to 15 cm, particularly preferably 3 to 7 cm.
- the ratio of the width of the depression (W 2 ) to the width of the rhizosphere support ⁇ (Wz / W is preferably 1Z30 to 56, more preferably 110 to 2/3, particularly preferably 1Z5 to 12 It can be in the range.
- the humidity of the voids generated in the pit can be appropriately adjusted and maintained, so that healthy growth of the plant is expected.
- the present inventors provided an air displacement device on the cultivation floor, and cultivated the plant while actively replacing the air contained in the rhizosphere support. It was found that the growth was measured.
- a turbo type axial or centrifugal fan As an air displacement device, for example, a turbo type axial or centrifugal fan
- a rotary fan and a reciprocating fan of a positive displacement type a turbo type axial (axial) or centrifugal (multi-blade, radial, turbo) fan is preferable.
- centrifugal multi-blade propeller type, screw type, clover type and sirocco type fans are preferred, and sirocco type fans are particularly preferred.
- the exhaust (air-supply) fan 16 equipped with these fans can be operated continuously or intermittently during cultivation, but in the present invention, it is preferable to operate it intermittently.
- the purpose of actively replacing the air contained in the rhizosphere support is not only to supply oxygen into the rhizosphere, but also to actively replace the above-mentioned harmful gas. It is not always necessary to run the fan at a later time. Operating more than necessary will dry the rhizosphere and stress the roots.
- the operating conditions for these exhaust (fan) fans can be selected as appropriate, taking into account the types of useful plants, the cultivation period, the growth stage, the materials of the support, the length of the support, and the liquid fertilizer components. Examples of specific operating conditions are as follows.
- These exhaust (sending) air fans can be operated continuously or intermittently during cultivation, but in the present invention, it is preferable to operate them intermittently.
- the working hours are preferably during the day rather than at night, particularly preferably from 8 am to 4 pm, and more preferably from 10 am to 2 pm.
- the interval is usually preferably 0.5 to 4 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours, and particularly preferably 2 hours.
- the operating time of each exhaust (sending) fan is not particularly limited, but is generally 90 to 0.5 minutes, preferably 60 to 0.5 minutes. 1 minute, more preferably 30 minutes to 2 minutes, and particularly preferably 15 minutes to 3 minutes.
- the speed of the air flowing through the system when exhausting (sending) air is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected and determined according to the type of useful plant, the cultivation apparatus used, the cultivation method, and the like. .
- oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the support, but there is a problem that the support dries.
- a liquid fertilizer reflector (referred to simply as “reflector”), which is installed just above the rock wool mat (referred to simply as “RW mat”) and the injection tube.
- RW mat rock wool mat
- the distance between the reflector ⁇ and the surface of the RW mat is 5, 10 or 40 cm. Table 1 shows these combinations.
- the gantry A supports the cultivation pot and the RW mat, and has two grooves 18 along the ridge direction so that the liquid that has passed through the RW mat and the outside air can enter and exit. It becomes a vent when draining liquid fertilizer and supplying air. Furthermore, in order to control the amount of moisture and air passing between the RW mat and the gantry _, the nonwoven fabric 11 is placed approximately flat between RW_ ⁇ and the gantry i, with both ends along the side of the RW mat. Provided. A relatively thick polyester nonwoven fabric was used (thickness: 0.3 mm) to prevent excessive drying of the RW mat.
- Films 1 and 2 are of RW mat 3 By keeping the light-shielding and the temperature together and installing it along the groove 18 of the gantry 4, the drainage was performed smoothly.
- This film is made of thick vinyl chloride (thickness: about 0.3 mm), which is impermeable to water and light.
- the outer surface is black and the inner surface is aluminum-deposited white silver. Align the base with the bottom of the groove 5 mm of the gantry so that it is in close contact with it, and then put it out of the bed from between the RW mat and the gantry 4 and reflect the nonwoven fabric 11, RW mat, and reflector ⁇ .
- the tops of the boards were made to cover each other.
- each droplet is controlled by the distance _ ⁇ _ between the liquid supply hose and the reflector shown in Fig. 4,
- 6 mm reflector At this time, it can be obtained by keeping the distance of j_ more than 7 and the distance of more than 40 cm at the same time.
- 5 ⁇ 3Mm is the pressure of the liquid supply in the hose at least 0. 6 k gZcm 2 than on its top, vigorously water column with a diameter of 1. 2 mm reflector I hit the board, but what is the distance at this time? Obtained by taking a distance of ⁇ 10 cm and at the same time 5 cm. If the distance of is shorter than the distance of, it can be obtained by cutting down the surface of the RW mat by the width of the injection tube and the distance of j_ to secure the distance of and.
- the distance A, the distance, and the ejection diameter were set in combinations shown in Table 1.
- Ever Rubber Sheet manufactured by Priston Corporation was used as a rubber plate for measuring falling fog droplets.
- the characteristics of this rubber plate are as follows. Type: Black rubber plate, Product number: B SNB-010, Material: Natural rubber, General physical properties: Hardness JIS 60, Tensile strength 180 kg ⁇ Zcm 2 , Elongation: 350%, DIN friction: 150mm 3 , Compression set: 40% , Wetting index: 45 dyn eZcm on the front and 32 dyn eZcm on the back. Since the number of mist droplets is too large near the jetting water column, it is difficult to measure.
- the falling mist generated from one arbitrarily selected jetting water column was measured at a position 25 cm away from the jetting water column.
- select several arbitrary water jets for measurement cover the holes of the other water jets in the other areas with adhesive tape, and place a rubber droplet for water droplet measurement on the top of the RW mat in the ridge direction 25 cm away from the water jet.
- the back side of the board is up It was set as follows. The mist droplets are received on the back of the rubber plate for 5 seconds, and then immediately placed in a transparent plastic box maintained at the saturated vapor pressure, and the number and size of the mist droplets per unit area are measured.
- the EC concentration of liquid fertilizer was 0.8 during the first month after planting, and the EC concentration was gradually increased during the next 2 months according to the growth, and was maintained at about 1.5. Thereafter, the EC concentration in rock wool mat (hereinafter referred to as RW bed) was controlled to about 2.0 and the pH to about 6.5.
- RW bed rock wool mat
- the first train was at 8:00 am, and thereafter at 1.5-hour intervals from 8:00 am to 3.30 pm.
- the liquid supply in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was performed continuously from 8:00 am to 3:30 pm from 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
- the composition of the liquid fertilizer used was as follows, and it was diluted with tap water to a predetermined concentration (EC 0.8 to 1.5).
- the liquid supply conditions of the example are as shown in Table 1, and the liquid supply shown here
- the rate (liquid supply amount x drainage amount y) was determined as follows. The drainage volume was measured immediately before the lined liquid at each time, and the sum of these values was treated as the total drainage volume per day.1) The ratio of the total drainage rate to the total liquid supply volume, that is, The liquid supply rate was calculated. Furthermore, the average liquid supply rate xZy during the flowering period was determined. If the amount of drainage immediately before the liquid supply at each time was 1 Om1 or less, the same amount of liquid fertilizer as the regular liquid supply was additionally supplied 30 minutes after the next liquid supply.
- the water level sensor used was a Nogen float-type (resistive) liquid level meter LE 100 S, which was a combination of the Nogen converter unit LU1000 and a recorder model 4360002 manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation. The liquid volume was measured.
- the liquid was continuously supplied between 8:00 and 15:30 (1.6 mlZ per strain). Cultivation management was performed in exactly the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1. The flowering survey was conducted for 100 days and the number per plant was counted.
- a rhizosphere support rock woofer with various shapes of depressions 15 in the shape of an arc (including an elliptical arc), a triangle, or a square is provided at the bottom. Rumat (hereinafter referred to as RW mat.
- RW mat Rumat
- the typical shape is shown in FIG. 6, and the size of the dent used in the example is shown in Table 1.
- the internal pressure of the injection tube was adjusted to about 0.6 kg Z cm 2 and watered.
- Cultivation management was performed in exactly the same manner as in Examples 1-4.
- the temperature of the rhizosphere support is controlled by heating (cooling if necessary) a warm water tube that passes through an arc-shaped depression 15 on the bottom of the rhizosphere support, from late October to late March. During this period, the RW was kept at about 22 ° C (Example 10), except that no special heating was performed.
- the cultivation was performed while controlling the average room temperature of 21 ° C.
- a ventilation fan was installed on the ventilation window shown in Fig. 1, and the fan was turned so that air could move from the drain box side to the ventilation window side. Air movement speed measurement
- the air movement was controlled by turning the power ONZOF F using a timer, and changing the rotation speed of the ventilation fan to obtain a constant wind speed (Table 5).
- Cultivation management was performed in exactly the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4.
- the temperature of the support was not specially controlled, and the cultivation was performed by controlling the average room temperature during the day to 26 ° C and the average room temperature during the night to 5.21 ° C.
- Liquid supply method Groove shape of pit on cultivation floor During liquid supply Liquid supply method b Average of 8 drops of jetting water column Number of straight depths of pit Tube 8 9 10
- Example 4 Injection liquid reflection 10 5 0.6. 1.0 Flat None
- Example 1 Reflection of liquid jet 7.5 10 0.6 0.6 I flat
- Example 13 3 ⁇ 4 Liquid reflection 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 Arc 1/3 10
- Example 14 Injection liquid reflection 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 Arc 1/3 10
- the * mark in the table shows one example of the light-weight change of the drainage at each feeding time.
- the feeding rate (x / y) is calculated by dividing the total of the 1 B feeding rate by the cultivation period.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP1994/001829 WO1996013148A1 (fr) | 1994-10-31 | 1994-10-31 | Procede hydroponique pour vegetaux et appareil utilise a cet effet |
EP94931187A EP0801891A4 (en) | 1994-10-31 | 1994-10-31 | HYDROPONIC METHOD FOR PLANTS AND DEVICE USED THEREFOR |
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PCT/JP1994/001829 WO1996013148A1 (fr) | 1994-10-31 | 1994-10-31 | Procede hydroponique pour vegetaux et appareil utilise a cet effet |
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WO1996013148A1 true WO1996013148A1 (fr) | 1996-05-09 |
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PCT/JP1994/001829 WO1996013148A1 (fr) | 1994-10-31 | 1994-10-31 | Procede hydroponique pour vegetaux et appareil utilise a cet effet |
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WO (1) | WO1996013148A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104855263A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-26 | 远东科技大学 | 非土栽的植物根部固定器 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0940074A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-08 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Plant installation with irrigation system |
EP0945054A1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-09-29 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Plant installation with associated irrigation system |
CN105961176A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-09-28 | 郑州海力特农林科技有限公司 | 韭菜的气雾栽培装置 |
CN108811589A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-16 | 殷元龙 | 一种荒漠肉苁蓉种子纸及其制备方法 |
CN109275559B (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2024-08-23 | 四维生态科技(杭州)有限公司 | 一种无土栽培装置及方法 |
KR102332750B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-12-01 | 강윤영 | 나노유기게르마늄 및 나노유기셀레늄을 이용한 기능성 작물의 재배방법 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6219031A (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-27 | 日東紡績株式会社 | 水耕用栽培床 |
JPS637729A (ja) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-13 | 金印わさび株式会社 | 根菜類の栽培方法および装置 |
JPH0322646U (ja) * | 1989-07-17 | 1991-03-08 | ||
JPH04120452U (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-28 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | 水耕栽培装置 |
-
1994
- 1994-10-31 WO PCT/JP1994/001829 patent/WO1996013148A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-31 EP EP94931187A patent/EP0801891A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6219031A (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-27 | 日東紡績株式会社 | 水耕用栽培床 |
JPS637729A (ja) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-13 | 金印わさび株式会社 | 根菜類の栽培方法および装置 |
JPH0322646U (ja) * | 1989-07-17 | 1991-03-08 | ||
JPH04120452U (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 1992-10-28 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | 水耕栽培装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0801891A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104855263A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-26 | 远东科技大学 | 非土栽的植物根部固定器 |
Also Published As
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EP0801891A1 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
EP0801891A4 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
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