WO1995033848A1 - Detecting bacteria - Google Patents

Detecting bacteria Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995033848A1
WO1995033848A1 PCT/GB1995/001347 GB9501347W WO9533848A1 WO 1995033848 A1 WO1995033848 A1 WO 1995033848A1 GB 9501347 W GB9501347 W GB 9501347W WO 9533848 A1 WO9533848 A1 WO 9533848A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bacteria
gas
sensors
vapour
detecting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/001347
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Alfred Payne
Krishna Chandra Persaud
Original Assignee
Aromascan Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aromascan Plc filed Critical Aromascan Plc
Priority to EP95921895A priority Critical patent/EP0765399B1/en
Priority to AU26780/95A priority patent/AU2678095A/en
Priority to US08/750,652 priority patent/US5807701A/en
Priority to US09/665,182 priority patent/USRE38186E1/en
Priority to DE69529463T priority patent/DE69529463T2/en
Priority to AT95921895T priority patent/ATE231558T1/en
Priority to JP8500582A priority patent/JPH10501124A/en
Publication of WO1995033848A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995033848A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2304/00—Chemical means of detecting microorganisms
    • C12Q2304/40—Detection of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/807—Gas detection apparatus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to detecting bacteria.
  • Bacteria are identified in a variety of ways. Many have characteristic forms which can be seen under microscopic examination, but some are identified, when colonised on a growth medium, by a characteristic colour and in some cases this is confirmed by smell. Not all bacteria have any appreciable odour, but many have a characteristic associated gas or vapour.
  • the invention comprises a method for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the metabolic activity of the bacteria.
  • the detection can be used for identification by differentiating the gas or vapour from that associated with other bacteria.
  • the method may comprise abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors.
  • the sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
  • the response of the sensors may be compared against a library of responses to known bacteria, or the response may be input to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
  • the detection region may comprise an enclosed space above a Petri dish or like laboratory culture dish.
  • the array of sensors may first be purged using a purging gas.
  • the invention also comprises apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detector means for detecting a gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
  • Said detector means may comprise an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
  • the sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
  • the apparatus may comprise a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
  • the apparatus may also comprise a neural net the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
  • the apparatus may comprise a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapour from said region to be passed to said detector means.
  • Said probe may comprise a cover for enclosing a Petri or like laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
  • Said probe may comprise a carrier gas feed and return and the apparatus may comprise a source of carrier gas.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria on a culture dish
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria in a nutrient broth
  • Figure 5 is a cluster analysis of vapour associated with three species of bacteria.
  • the drawings illustrate methods and apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria, and, further, methods for identifying bacteria by differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region 11 and flowing the same over an array 12 of sensors 13 of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors 13.
  • the sensors 13 comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
  • An array 12 of twenty sensors has been employed to distinguish the vapours associated with the bacteria
  • Figure 1 illustrates comparing the response of the sensors 13 against a library 14 of responses to known bacteria.
  • Figure 2 illustrates inputting the response to a neural net 15 trained against known bacteria.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a further sampling arrangement wherein the detection region 11 comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish 16 or like laboratory culture dish.
  • a probe 17 comprises a cover for enclosing an area of bacterial growth 18 on a growth medium 19 in the dish 16.
  • the probe 17 comprises a carrier gas feed 21 feeding a carrier gas such for example as purified air or nitrogen.
  • a carrier gas such for example as purified air or nitrogen.
  • the array 12 of sensors 13 Prior to taking gas or vapour from a sample in, say, a Petri dish, the array 12 of sensors 13 is first purged of any residual substances from a previous sensing operation by directing over the sensors 13 a stream of purging gas, which, in this instance, is the same as the carrier gas.
  • the gas is supplied from a pressure bottle 22.
  • the sensors 13 can be selected for sensitivity to a broad spectrum of gases or vapours associated with bacteria and the apparatus may also be arranged to indicate concentration by measuring the level of response. A broader spectrum and a greater sensitivity will be obtained from a given array size by using a.c. technology as taught in EP-B-0 286 307 than by simply measuring d.c. resistance.
  • the method may be applied to the detection of microfungi.
  • Gases or vapours associated with growing bacteria or microfungi may well be different from gases or vapours associated with the same organism in growth-arrest stage or when it has been weakened or killed.
  • the library may contain data on the gases or vapours associated with microorganisms in all possible states, or the neural net trained to recognise them, so the apparatus may also identify the state as well as the microorganism.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

There is disclosed a method and apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.

Description

DETECTING BACTERIA
This invention relates to detecting bacteria.
Bacteria are identified in a variety of ways. Many have characteristic forms which can be seen under microscopic examination, but some are identified, when colonised on a growth medium, by a characteristic colour and in some cases this is confirmed by smell. Not all bacteria have any appreciable odour, but many have a characteristic associated gas or vapour.
The invention comprises a method for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the metabolic activity of the bacteria.
The detection can be used for identification by differentiating the gas or vapour from that associated with other bacteria.
The method may comprise abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors. The sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
The response of the sensors may be compared against a library of responses to known bacteria, or the response may be input to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
The detection region may comprise an enclosed space above a Petri dish or like laboratory culture dish.
The array of sensors may first be purged using a purging gas.
The invention also comprises apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detector means for detecting a gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
Said detector means may comprise an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours. The sensors may comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours. The apparatus may comprise a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library. The apparatus may also comprise a neural net the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
The apparatus may comprise a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapour from said region to be passed to said detector means. Said probe may comprise a cover for enclosing a Petri or like laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
Said probe may comprise a carrier gas feed and return and the apparatus may comprise a source of carrier gas.
Embodiments of apparatus and methods for detecting bacteria according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a first embodiment; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a second embodiment;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria on a culture dish;
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an arrangement for detecting bacteria in a nutrient broth; and
Figure 5 is a cluster analysis of vapour associated with three species of bacteria.
The drawings illustrate methods and apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria, and, further, methods for identifying bacteria by differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region 11 and flowing the same over an array 12 of sensors 13 of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors 13. The sensors 13 comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
An array 12 of twenty sensors has been employed to distinguish the vapours associated with the bacteria
Straphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci.
Eight epidermiologically unrelated patient isolates of each species were recovered from frozen storage. Each bacteria isolate was cultured overnight in nutrient broth 40 in a glass Duran bottle 42 with a GL-45 screw cap. After overnight incubation at 37°C the cap was changed for a cap 44 with inlet and outlet ports. After a period of equilibration at 37°C the headspace vapour above the broth 40 was analysed by pumping same across the 20 sensor array 12 at a flow rate of I^ 150 ml min~ .
The outputs of the sensors 13 were analysed by computing means 46 employing the non-linear cluster analysis mapping technique of Sammon (Sammon Jr., J. ., IEEE Trans, on computers, Vol. C-18, No. 5, May 1969, pp401-409). Figure 5 shows the results of this analysis, indicating that excellent separation is achieved between the clusters 50,52,54 associated with straphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci respectively.
Figure 1 illustrates comparing the response of the sensors 13 against a library 14 of responses to known bacteria. Figure 2 illustrates inputting the response to a neural net 15 trained against known bacteria.
Figure 3 illustrates a further sampling arrangement wherein the detection region 11 comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish 16 or like laboratory culture dish. A probe 17 comprises a cover for enclosing an area of bacterial growth 18 on a growth medium 19 in the dish 16.
The probe 17 comprises a carrier gas feed 21 feeding a carrier gas such for example as purified air or nitrogen. Prior to taking gas or vapour from a sample in, say, a Petri dish, the array 12 of sensors 13 is first purged of any residual substances from a previous sensing operation by directing over the sensors 13 a stream of purging gas, which, in this instance, is the same as the carrier gas. The gas is supplied from a pressure bottle 22. The sensors 13 can be selected for sensitivity to a broad spectrum of gases or vapours associated with bacteria and the apparatus may also be arranged to indicate concentration by measuring the level of response. A broader spectrum and a greater sensitivity will be obtained from a given array size by using a.c. technology as taught in EP-B-0 286 307 than by simply measuring d.c. resistance.
In addition to bacteria, the method may be applied to the detection of microfungi.
It may be important to specify the state of the microorganism when making an observation. Gases or vapours associated with growing bacteria or microfungi may well be different from gases or vapours associated with the same organism in growth-arrest stage or when it has been weakened or killed.
However, the library may contain data on the gases or vapours associated with microorganisms in all possible states, or the neural net trained to recognise them, so the apparatus may also identify the state as well as the microorganism.

Claims

1. A method for detecting bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
2. A method for identifying bacteria comprising detecting gas or vapour associated with the bacteria and differentiating such gas or vapour from gas or vapour associated with other bacteria.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising abstracting gas or vapour from a detection region and flowing the same over an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to gases or vapours and observing the response of the sensors.
4. A method according to claim 3, in which the sensors comprised semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
5. A method according to claim 3 or claim 4, comprising the response of the sensors against a library of responses to known bacteria.
6. A method according to claim 3 or claim 4, comprising inputting the response to a neural net trained against known bacteria.
7. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, in which the detection region comprises an enclosed space above a Petri dish or like laboratory culture dish.
8. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, in which the array of sensors is first purged using a purging gas.
9. Apparatus for detecting bacteria comprising detector means for detecting a gas or vapour associated with the bacteria.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, said detector means comprising an array of sensors of which an electrical property varies according to exposure to the gases or vapours.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10, in which the sensors comprise semi-conducting polymers the resistance or impedance of which varies according to exposure to gases or vapours.
12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or claim 11, comprising a store for a library of responses to known bacteria and comparison means operable automatically to compare a given response against the library.
13. Apparatus according to claim 10 or claim 11, comprising a neural net the input to which comprises the array of sensors and which is trained against known bacteria.
14. Apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 13, comprising a probe for sampling a detection region by abstracting gas or vapour from said region to be passed to said detector means.
15. Apparatus according to claim 14, said probe comprising a cover for enclosing a Petri or like laboratory culture dish or an area of growth medium thereon.
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, said probe comprising a carrier gas feed and return.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16, comprising a source of carrier gas.
PCT/GB1995/001347 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Detecting bacteria WO1995033848A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95921895A EP0765399B1 (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Detecting bacteria
AU26780/95A AU2678095A (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Detecting bacteria
US08/750,652 US5807701A (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms
US09/665,182 USRE38186E1 (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms
DE69529463T DE69529463T2 (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 DETECTION OF BACTERIA
AT95921895T ATE231558T1 (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 DETECTION OF BACTERIA
JP8500582A JPH10501124A (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Bacteria detection

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9411515.1 1994-06-09
GB9411515A GB9411515D0 (en) 1994-06-09 1994-06-09 Detecting bacteria

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995033848A1 true WO1995033848A1 (en) 1995-12-14

Family

ID=10756425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/001347 WO1995033848A1 (en) 1994-06-09 1995-06-09 Detecting bacteria

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US5807701A (en)
EP (1) EP0765399B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10501124A (en)
AT (1) ATE231558T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2678095A (en)
DE (1) DE69529463T2 (en)
GB (1) GB9411515D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1995033848A1 (en)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996023900A1 (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-08-08 Cbl Products Ltd. Detection of vaginal infections
WO1998029563A1 (en) * 1997-01-02 1998-07-09 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours
WO1998039470A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours
WO1998039655A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Aromascan Plc Detection of analyte species
US5814474A (en) * 1996-07-23 1998-09-29 Becton Dickinson And Company Direct identification of microorganisms in culture bottles
WO1999009407A1 (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-02-25 Osmetech Plc Condition detector
WO1999009408A1 (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-02-25 Osmetech Plc Method and device for detecting a condition
WO2000054050A2 (en) * 1999-03-09 2000-09-14 Osmetech Plc Method for detecting conditions by analysis of aqueous condensate from respiratory gases
EP1073893A1 (en) * 1998-04-14 2001-02-07 California Institute Of Technology Method and system for determining analyte activity
US6319724B1 (en) * 1998-06-19 2001-11-20 Cyrano Sciences, Inc. Trace level detection of analytes using artificial olfactometry
WO2002042488A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-30 Osmetech Plc Detection of infections in liquid samples by detecting fatty acids present in the headspace associated with the liquid sample
EP1105519B1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2007-03-07 Osmetech PLC Method for detecting microorganisms
US7255677B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2007-08-14 Smiths Detection Inc. Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry
WO2014180974A1 (en) 2013-05-09 2014-11-13 Ramem, S.A. Voc-based narcolepsy diagnostic method
WO2019014316A1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10835185B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2020-11-17 General Electric Company System and method for detecting ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
US10876144B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2020-12-29 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10889848B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2021-01-12 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US12031895B2 (en) 2019-10-28 2024-07-09 Op-Hygiene Ip Gmbh Method of identifying biologic particles

Families Citing this family (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5951846A (en) * 1995-03-27 1999-09-14 California Institute Of Technology Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids
US5788833A (en) * 1995-03-27 1998-08-04 California Institute Of Technology Sensors for detecting analytes in fluids
US6170318B1 (en) * 1995-03-27 2001-01-09 California Institute Of Technology Methods of use for sensor based fluid detection devices
US5571401A (en) * 1995-03-27 1996-11-05 California Institute Of Technology Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids
AU4681199A (en) 1998-06-15 2000-01-05 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania, The Diagnosing intrapulmonary infection and analyzing nasal sample
JP2002526769A (en) 1998-10-02 2002-08-20 カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー Conductive organic sensors, arrays and methods of use
WO2000029829A1 (en) 1998-11-16 2000-05-25 California Institute Of Technology Simultaneous determination of equilibrium and kinetic properties
GB9825904D0 (en) * 1998-11-27 1999-01-20 Univ Cranfield Diagnosis of gastric and lung disorders
GB9905053D0 (en) * 1999-03-05 1999-04-28 Eev Ltd Chemical sensor systems
US7122152B2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2006-10-17 University Of Florida Spatiotemporal and geometric optimization of sensor arrays for detecting analytes fluids
US6631333B1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2003-10-07 California Institute Of Technology Methods for remote characterization of an odor
DE60026309T2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2006-12-14 California Institute Of Technology, Pasadena USE OF A SPATIAL-TIME REACTION BEHAVIOR IN SENSOR ARRAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF ANALYTES IN FLUIDS
US6365107B1 (en) * 1999-05-24 2002-04-02 Michael Markelov Headspace instrument
US7097973B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2006-08-29 Alpha Mos Method for monitoring molecular species within a medium
WO2000078919A1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-28 Michigan State University Method and apparatus for the detection of volatile products in a sample
US6890715B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2005-05-10 The California Institute Of Technology Sensors of conducting and insulating composites
WO2001013087A2 (en) * 1999-08-18 2001-02-22 California Institute Of Technology Sensors and sensor arrays of conducting and insulating composites and methods of use thereof
US6975944B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2005-12-13 Alpha Mos Method and apparatus for monitoring materials used in electronics
US6978212B1 (en) 1999-11-01 2005-12-20 Smiths Detection Inc. System for portable sensing
US6606566B1 (en) * 1999-11-01 2003-08-12 Steven A. Sunshine Computer code for portable sensing
WO2001069186A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-20 Cyrano Sciences, Inc. Measuring and analyzing multi-dimensional sensory information for identification purposes
US6917845B2 (en) 2000-03-10 2005-07-12 Smiths Detection-Pasadena, Inc. Method for monitoring environmental condition using a mathematical model
WO2002003047A2 (en) * 2000-07-03 2002-01-10 Michigan State University Method and apparatus for the detection of volatile products in a sample
GB0109572D0 (en) * 2001-04-19 2001-06-06 Univ Cranfield Detector assembly for monitoring disease odours
GB0113212D0 (en) * 2001-05-31 2001-07-25 Oxford Biosignals Ltd Patient condition display
US6494833B1 (en) 2001-06-19 2002-12-17 Welch Allyn, Inc. Conditioning apparatus for a chemical sensing instrument
US20040002126A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-01 Michel Houde Method, device and system for detecting the presence of microorganisms
US20050150778A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2005-07-14 Lewis Nathan S. Use of basic polymers in carbon black composite vapor detectors to obtain enhanced sensitivity and classification performance for volatile fatty acids
US7799273B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2010-09-21 Smp Logic Systems Llc Manufacturing execution system for validation, quality and risk assessment and monitoring of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes
US8152992B2 (en) * 2004-08-31 2012-04-10 University Of Maryland Cell-based sensing: biological transduction of chemical stimuli to electrical signals (nose-on-a-chip)
US8388553B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2013-03-05 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Cycle and load measurement device
AU2006282828B2 (en) 2005-08-23 2013-01-31 Smith & Nephew, Inc Telemetric orthopaedic implant
US8852504B2 (en) 2006-10-11 2014-10-07 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Apparatus and method for detecting and identifying microorganisms
EP2148713A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-02-03 Nxp B.V. A sensor module for a catheter
WO2008103181A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Processing sensed accelerometer data for determination of bone healing
EP1978087A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-08 Consultatie Implementatie Technisch Beheer B.V. System and method for detecting micro-organisms
CA2698686A1 (en) 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. System and method for communicating with a telemetric implant
CN101918583A (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-12-15 查尔斯斯塔克德雷珀实验室公司 Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds for identification of bacteria in a sample
WO2010126856A1 (en) * 2009-04-27 2010-11-04 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sample
US9252175B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2016-02-02 Nanohmics, Inc. Method for assembly of spectroscopic filter arrays using biomolecules
US9828696B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2017-11-28 Nanohmics, Inc. Method for assembly of analyte filter arrays using biomolecules
US9204821B2 (en) 2012-05-09 2015-12-08 Isense Medical Corp. Method of and apparatus for detecting upper respiratory bacterial infection from exhaled mammalian breath and colorimetric sensor array cartridge
EP2965817B1 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-09-27 Genmark Diagnostics Inc. Integrated multiplex target analysis
US20140322706A1 (en) 2012-10-24 2014-10-30 Jon Faiz Kayyem Integrated multipelx target analysis
US9222623B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-12-29 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Devices and methods for manipulating deformable fluid vessels
EP2873971A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-05-20 Universiti Putra Malaysia An artificial olfactory system and an application thereof
USD881409S1 (en) 2013-10-24 2020-04-14 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Biochip cartridge
US9498778B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-11-22 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Instrument for processing cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system
CN103616414A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-03-05 江苏大学 Rapid identification method of aerogenic bacterium variety
US10005080B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2018-06-26 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Instrument and cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system employing electrowetting fluid manipulation
AU2015346527A1 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-06-29 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Instrument and cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system
US9598722B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-03-21 Genmark Diagnostics, Inc. Cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system
US10386365B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2019-08-20 Nanohmics, Inc. Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using ionic species diffusion
US10386351B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2019-08-20 Nanohmics, Inc. Methods for detecting and quantifying analytes using gas species diffusion
US11988662B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2024-05-21 Nanohmics, Inc. Methods for detecting and quantifying gas species analytes using differential gas species diffusion
ITUA20164230A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-09 Univ Degli Studi Milano ENTERICAL PATHOLOGIES DETECTION SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR IN ANIMALS, AND RELATIVE DETECTION METHOD
CA3033762A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Becton, Dickinson And Company Adapter assembly for attachment to a bottle
EP3516401A1 (en) 2016-09-19 2019-07-31 Genmark Diagnostics Inc. Instrument for processing cartridge for performing assays in a closed sample preparation and reaction system
WO2019040769A1 (en) 2017-08-24 2019-02-28 Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc. (dba GenMark Diagnostics, Inc.) Electrochemical detection of bacterial and/or fungal infections
US20190062809A1 (en) 2017-08-24 2019-02-28 Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc. (dba GenMark Diagnostics, Inc.) Electrochemical detection of bacterial and/or fungal infections
WO2019072352A2 (en) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-18 Lachlak Nassira Automated system for detecting bacteria implicated in infections or diseases, using a multisensor system incorporating an olfactometry device recognising the released metabolites

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60130398A (en) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-11 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Detection of microorganism
GB2176901A (en) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-07 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Gas sensor
EP0264221A2 (en) * 1986-10-06 1988-04-20 BioControl Systems, Inc. Methods and device for detection of microorganisms
WO1994004705A1 (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-03 The Minister Of Agriculture Fisheries And Food In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Detection of microorganisms using gas sensors
EP0597584A1 (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-05-18 Becton, Dickinson and Company Method and apparatus for detecting biological activities in a specimen

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246343A (en) * 1979-05-02 1981-01-20 University Of Virginia And National Aeronautics & Space Administration Microbial detection and enumeration method and apparatus
US4386157A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-05-31 Beggs James M Administrator Of Method for detecting coliform organisms
GB8303096D0 (en) * 1983-02-04 1983-03-09 Oxoid Ltd Bacterial testing
CA1252374A (en) * 1984-04-06 1989-04-11 Mark L. Sussman Method and apparatus for the detection of biologically active agents
GB8708201D0 (en) * 1987-04-06 1987-05-13 Cogent Ltd Gas sensor
US5094955A (en) * 1988-03-15 1992-03-10 Akzo N.V. Device and method for detecting microorganisms
US5164796A (en) * 1988-03-15 1992-11-17 Akzo N.V. Apparatus and method for detection of microorganisms
US5051360A (en) * 1988-05-06 1991-09-24 Abo, Inc. Method for detecting microorganism activity
AT391371B (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-09-25 Avl Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN A SAMPLE

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60130398A (en) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-11 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Detection of microorganism
GB2176901A (en) * 1985-06-19 1987-01-07 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Gas sensor
EP0264221A2 (en) * 1986-10-06 1988-04-20 BioControl Systems, Inc. Methods and device for detection of microorganisms
WO1994004705A1 (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-03 The Minister Of Agriculture Fisheries And Food In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Detection of microorganisms using gas sensors
EP0597584A1 (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-05-18 Becton, Dickinson and Company Method and apparatus for detecting biological activities in a specimen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 283 (C - 313) 9 November 1985 (1985-11-09) *

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996023900A1 (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-08-08 Cbl Products Ltd. Detection of vaginal infections
US5814474A (en) * 1996-07-23 1998-09-29 Becton Dickinson And Company Direct identification of microorganisms in culture bottles
US6190858B1 (en) 1997-01-02 2001-02-20 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapors
WO1998029563A1 (en) * 1997-01-02 1998-07-09 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours
WO1998039655A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Aromascan Plc Detection of analyte species
US6620107B2 (en) 1997-03-06 2003-09-16 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours
WO1998039470A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Osmetech Plc Detection of conditions by analysis of gases or vapours
WO1999009407A1 (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-02-25 Osmetech Plc Condition detector
WO1999009408A1 (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-02-25 Osmetech Plc Method and device for detecting a condition
EP1073893A1 (en) * 1998-04-14 2001-02-07 California Institute Of Technology Method and system for determining analyte activity
EP1073893A4 (en) * 1998-04-14 2002-07-03 California Inst Of Techn Method and system for determining analyte activity
US6319724B1 (en) * 1998-06-19 2001-11-20 Cyrano Sciences, Inc. Trace level detection of analytes using artificial olfactometry
US6841391B2 (en) 1998-06-19 2005-01-11 Smiths Detection-Pasadena, Inc. Medical applications of artificial olfactometry
EP1105519B1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2007-03-07 Osmetech PLC Method for detecting microorganisms
WO2000054050A2 (en) * 1999-03-09 2000-09-14 Osmetech Plc Method for detecting conditions by analysis of aqueous condensate from respiratory gases
WO2000054050A3 (en) * 1999-03-09 2001-01-25 Osmetech Plc Method for detecting conditions by analysis of aqueous condensate from respiratory gases
WO2002042488A1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-30 Osmetech Plc Detection of infections in liquid samples by detecting fatty acids present in the headspace associated with the liquid sample
US6921668B2 (en) 2000-11-24 2005-07-26 Osmetech Plc Determining infections in liquid samples by detecting short-chain fatty acids and ammonia in the headspace associated with the liquid sample using polymer sensors
US7255677B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2007-08-14 Smiths Detection Inc. Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry
US7819803B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2010-10-26 Smiths Detection Inc. Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry
WO2014180974A1 (en) 2013-05-09 2014-11-13 Ramem, S.A. Voc-based narcolepsy diagnostic method
WO2019014316A1 (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10876144B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2020-12-29 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10889848B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2021-01-12 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10900062B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2021-01-26 American Sterilizer Company Process for determining viability of test microorganisms of biological indicator and sterilization detection device for determining same
US10835185B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2020-11-17 General Electric Company System and method for detecting ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
US12031895B2 (en) 2019-10-28 2024-07-09 Op-Hygiene Ip Gmbh Method of identifying biologic particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69529463T2 (en) 2004-01-15
JPH10501124A (en) 1998-02-03
EP0765399A1 (en) 1997-04-02
AU2678095A (en) 1996-01-04
GB9411515D0 (en) 1994-08-03
USRE38186E1 (en) 2003-07-15
ATE231558T1 (en) 2003-02-15
US5807701A (en) 1998-09-15
DE69529463D1 (en) 2003-02-27
EP0765399B1 (en) 2003-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5807701A (en) Method and apparatus for detecting microorganisms
Gardner et al. The prediction of bacteria type and culture growth phase by an electronic nose with a multi-layer perceptron network
Green et al. Using a metal oxide sensor (MOS)-based electronic nose for discrimination of bacteria based on individual colonies in suspension
Ellis et al. Rapid and quantitative detection of the microbial spoilage of muscle foods: current status and future trends
Pavlou et al. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro and in situ using an electronic nose in combination with a neural network system
US5814474A (en) Direct identification of microorganisms in culture bottles
CN108728511B (en) Microbiological test standards for infrared spectrometry and methods of use thereof
Holmberg et al. Numerical taxonomy and laboratory identification of Actinomyces and Arachnia and some related bacteria
US12077806B2 (en) Method for the spectrometric characterization of microorganisms
Haag et al. Characterization and identification of actinomycetes by FT-IR spectroscopy
WO1997008337A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for detecting microorganisms
Goodacre et al. An epidemiological study of Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs, their owners and veterinary surgeons
Bachinger et al. Gas sensor arrays for early detection of infection in mammalian cell culture
Gutteridge et al. Effect of different growth conditions on the discrimination of three bacteria by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography
Riest et al. Comparison of BacT/Alert and BACTEC NR 860 blood culture systems in a laboratory not continuously staffed
Blackall et al. ‘Haemophilus gallinarum’-a Re-examination
Younts et al. DIFFERENTIATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157: H7 FROM NON–0157: H7 E. COLI SEROTYPES USING A GAS SENSOR–BASED, COMPUTER–CONTROLLED
WO2001036664A1 (en) A method for detecting contaminating microorganisms
Brown Developments in antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Sulaiman et al. A Single-Laboratory Performance Evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS in Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Some Closely Related Bacterial Species of Public Health Importance
Yu et al. Electronic nose integrated with chemometrics for rapid identification of foodborne pathogen
Persaud Device to hold growth medium| by identifying associated gas or vapour and differentiating it from gas of vapour associated with other bacteria
Magee et al. Identification of staphylococci by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography
Voisin et al. Differentiation of Corynebacterium amycolatum, C. minutissimum, C. striatum and related species by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography with atomic emission detection
Ratnayake et al. Electronic Nose and GC-MS Analysis to Detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback in Mango (Mangifera indica) and Panama Disease (TR4) in Banana (Musa acuminata)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SI SK TJ TT UA US UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1995921895

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 08750652

Country of ref document: US

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1995921895

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1995921895

Country of ref document: EP