WO1995026686A1 - Medical apparatus - Google Patents

Medical apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995026686A1
WO1995026686A1 PCT/GB1995/000759 GB9500759W WO9526686A1 WO 1995026686 A1 WO1995026686 A1 WO 1995026686A1 GB 9500759 W GB9500759 W GB 9500759W WO 9526686 A1 WO9526686 A1 WO 9526686A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
power source
conductor
channel
end piece
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/000759
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kasegn Tekletsadik
Leslie Campbell
Maurice Maxwell Howieson
Original Assignee
University Of Strathclyde
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Strathclyde filed Critical University Of Strathclyde
Priority to EP95913899A priority Critical patent/EP0751749A1/en
Priority to AU21114/95A priority patent/AU2111495A/en
Publication of WO1995026686A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995026686A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/042—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating using additional gas becoming plasma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
    • A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
    • A61B2017/00159—Pulse shapes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation.
  • diathermic apparatus uses electrical energy in the 1-10 MHz range at power levels of about 400 watts and has proved successful in certain circumstances.
  • Laser systems have also been used for cauterisation but these require on-going maintenance and are comparatively powerful.
  • apparatus for use in medicine particularly for cauterisation, comprising: an electrical power source providing an alternating voltage at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and with a magnitude below 5KV, a single insulated electrical conductor leading from the output of the power source and terminating with an insulation-free tip, conduit means surrounding the electrical conductor along its length and defining a gas-flow channel exteriorly of the electrical conductor, means for delivering a supply of substantially inert gas to the channel, an end piece terminating the gas-flow channel and surrounding the insulation-free tip of the conductor, and wherein the end-piece at its free end defines a nozzle through which the gas-flow can emerge from the channel as a plasma ionised by the alternating voltage supplied to said tip.
  • the power source operates at a frequency in the range 30-100 KHz and at a voltage in the range 1-3 KV with a power level less than 100 watts.
  • the voltage may have a sinusoidal, square, or triangular waveform.
  • the gas is a gas with a low breakdown potential such as He, Ar, Ne, H 2 or N 2 or a combination thereof.
  • the gas may additionally include a small amount (e.g. less than 25%) of 0 2 .
  • the apparatus provides a corona type flame issuing from the nozzle (high electron temperature but low molecular temperature typically about 20°C) until such time as the flame is brought close to a surface that is connected to electrical earth directly or by stray capacitance, at which point the corona type flame changes to an arc discharge flame (which has a high molecular temperature typically of the order of 800°C) .
  • the flame takes place in the atmosphere provided by the flowing gas which being substantially inert minimises oxidation occurring at the earthed surface.
  • the power delivered to the surface can be controlled to be only a few watts. Accordingly, when the surface is part of a human or animal body the plasma can be used to stop flow of blood from damaged tissue by cauterisation or it can be used to remove layers of tissue by the heat from the arc discharge flame.
  • the conduit means can be kept very slender so that it may be used in an endoscope (e.g. it may be associated with a cutting instrument for use in keyhole surgery) .
  • the conduit means should be made of a non-electrically conducting material and if the end piece takes the form of a hand tool to be hand manipulated by a surgeon it requires to be made of a material of low permittivity so that any capacitance introduced to the apparatus via the surgeon is very low in comparison with that introduced by the patient so that the latter rather than the former provides the electrical return path for the plasma.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates apparatus according to the present invention
  • Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate alternative forms of a detail in Fig. 1.
  • the apparatus 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises an electrical power source 11 which is capable of providing at its output 11A an alternating voltage at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and with a magnitude below 5KV with respect to earth to which terminal 11B is connected.
  • the output voltage is taken by a single insulated electrical wire 12 to a tubular end piece 13 where the wire 12 terminates with an insulation- free tip 12A.
  • a supply of substantially inert gas is delivered to the end piece 13 via a conduit 14 surrounding the wire 12 and defining a gas flow channel 14A.
  • the conduit is bifurcated so as to lead to both the electrical terminal 11A and the outlet 15A of a gas supply 15.
  • the electrical wire 12 is surrounded by the inert gas substantially throughout its length and additionally the electrical wire 12 is electrically insulated substantially through its length.
  • the end piece 13 is provided with a tubular outlet nozzle 13A which enables the gas to issue from the end piece 13 and when the electrical wire 12 is energised the issue is to the form of a self-ignited ionised plasma flame 16.
  • the plasma flame 16 is of the corona type, i.e. of low molecular temperature, when it discharges into the normal atmosphere but when the flame 16 is brought close (say about 5 mm) to a surface 18 which is directly connected to electrical earth or is indirectly connected to electrical earth through stray capacitance as illustrated at 19 then the flame 16 switches to being of the arc discharge type (i.e. with high molecular temperature) .
  • controller 20 In order to regulate and control the apparatus 10 a controller 20 is provided the outputs of which control supplies 11,15 as will be explained. Controller 20 itself is influenced by a manually-operated actuator 21 which can be situated locally to controller 20 but more probably is situated locally to the end piece 13.
  • actuator 21 may take the form of an optical fibre switch arrangement as shown in either of Figs. 2A and 2B.
  • interrogation light from the controller 20 is delivered to the switch unit 21 via one or more optical fibres 22 extending along the outer surface of the conduit 14 in any geometric configuration (helically wound in Fig. 1 in the interests of clarity) .
  • the interrogation light returned to the controller 20 is proportional to the force F applied to the switch and is quantified and the controller 20 provides its outputs accordingly.
  • the switch 21 is formed by a break in a length of optical fibre 24 with one portion of the fibre 24 being mounted on a resilient pad 25 so as to be manually movable into and out of alignment with the other portion of the fibre 24.
  • the switch 21 is formed by a prism
  • both switch arrangements described provide a gradual or incremental response so that controller 20 can gradually or incrementally vary the supplies 11,15.
  • controller 20 can gradually or incrementally vary the supplies 11,15.
  • Many different control regimes are possible but it is preferred that at initial switch on the gas supply 15 is given a high flow rate for a short period of time in order to purge the gas flow channel 14A of air and thereafter the gas supply 15 delivers at a constant flow rate of 2-6 litres/minute.
  • the electrical supply 11 is pulse width modulated according to the position of the switch 21 to deliver blocks of sinusoidal waveforms of constant frequency and constant amplitude such that the power delivered lies in the range 0 to 100 watts. In consequence delicate cauterisation procedures can be carried out.

Abstract

Medical apparatus for cauterisation functions with capacitive coupling (19) from a patient (18) back to an electrical power source (11). Energy from the power source is delivered at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and of amplitude less than 5KV to the patient (18) along a conductor (12). Substantially insert gas is delivered to the end of the conductor (12) where a nozzle (13A) is formed from which and ionised plasma emerges for incidence on the patient (18). The gas may include up to 25 % oxygen. The end piece may take the form of a hand tool and be made of material of low permittivity.

Description

MEDICAL APPARATUS
This invention relates to apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation.
Apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation, is already known. For example diathermic apparatus uses electrical energy in the 1-10 MHz range at power levels of about 400 watts and has proved successful in certain circumstances. Laser systems have also been used for cauterisation but these require on-going maintenance and are comparatively powerful.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved form of apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation, that is simple to operate and maintain and which utilises very low power levels.
According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation, comprising: an electrical power source providing an alternating voltage at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and with a magnitude below 5KV, a single insulated electrical conductor leading from the output of the power source and terminating with an insulation-free tip, conduit means surrounding the electrical conductor along its length and defining a gas-flow channel exteriorly of the electrical conductor, means for delivering a supply of substantially inert gas to the channel, an end piece terminating the gas-flow channel and surrounding the insulation-free tip of the conductor, and wherein the end-piece at its free end defines a nozzle through which the gas-flow can emerge from the channel as a plasma ionised by the alternating voltage supplied to said tip.
Preferably the power source operates at a frequency in the range 30-100 KHz and at a voltage in the range 1-3 KV with a power level less than 100 watts. The voltage may have a sinusoidal, square, or triangular waveform. Preferably also, the gas is a gas with a low breakdown potential such as He, Ar, Ne, H2 or N2 or a combination thereof. The gas may additionally include a small amount (e.g. less than 25%) of 02.
In operation the apparatus provides a corona type flame issuing from the nozzle (high electron temperature but low molecular temperature typically about 20°C) until such time as the flame is brought close to a surface that is connected to electrical earth directly or by stray capacitance, at which point the corona type flame changes to an arc discharge flame (which has a high molecular temperature typically of the order of 800°C) . The flame takes place in the atmosphere provided by the flowing gas which being substantially inert minimises oxidation occurring at the earthed surface. The power delivered to the surface can be controlled to be only a few watts. Accordingly, when the surface is part of a human or animal body the plasma can be used to stop flow of blood from damaged tissue by cauterisation or it can be used to remove layers of tissue by the heat from the arc discharge flame.
Because the apparatus functions with capacitive coupling from the surface back to the power source the conduit means can be kept very slender so that it may be used in an endoscope (e.g. it may be associated with a cutting instrument for use in keyhole surgery) . In this connection it will be understood that the conduit means should be made of a non-electrically conducting material and if the end piece takes the form of a hand tool to be hand manipulated by a surgeon it requires to be made of a material of low permittivity so that any capacitance introduced to the apparatus via the surgeon is very low in comparison with that introduced by the patient so that the latter rather than the former provides the electrical return path for the plasma.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing; in which
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates apparatus according to the present invention; and
Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate alternative forms of a detail in Fig. 1.
The apparatus 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises an electrical power source 11 which is capable of providing at its output 11A an alternating voltage at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and with a magnitude below 5KV with respect to earth to which terminal 11B is connected. The output voltage is taken by a single insulated electrical wire 12 to a tubular end piece 13 where the wire 12 terminates with an insulation- free tip 12A. Additionally a supply of substantially inert gas is delivered to the end piece 13 via a conduit 14 surrounding the wire 12 and defining a gas flow channel 14A. At its end remote from the end piece 13 the conduit is bifurcated so as to lead to both the electrical terminal 11A and the outlet 15A of a gas supply 15. By this arrangement the electrical wire 12 is surrounded by the inert gas substantially throughout its length and additionally the electrical wire 12 is electrically insulated substantially through its length.
The end piece 13 is provided with a tubular outlet nozzle 13A which enables the gas to issue from the end piece 13 and when the electrical wire 12 is energised the issue is to the form of a self-ignited ionised plasma flame 16. The plasma flame 16 is of the corona type, i.e. of low molecular temperature, when it discharges into the normal atmosphere but when the flame 16 is brought close (say about 5 mm) to a surface 18 which is directly connected to electrical earth or is indirectly connected to electrical earth through stray capacitance as illustrated at 19 then the flame 16 switches to being of the arc discharge type (i.e. with high molecular temperature) .
In order to regulate and control the apparatus 10 a controller 20 is provided the outputs of which control supplies 11,15 as will be explained. Controller 20 itself is influenced by a manually-operated actuator 21 which can be situated locally to controller 20 but more probably is situated locally to the end piece 13. In particular actuator 21 may take the form of an optical fibre switch arrangement as shown in either of Figs. 2A and 2B. In both cases interrogation light from the controller 20 is delivered to the switch unit 21 via one or more optical fibres 22 extending along the outer surface of the conduit 14 in any geometric configuration (helically wound in Fig. 1 in the interests of clarity) . The interrogation light returned to the controller 20 is proportional to the force F applied to the switch and is quantified and the controller 20 provides its outputs accordingly.
In Fig. 2A the switch 21 is formed by a break in a length of optical fibre 24 with one portion of the fibre 24 being mounted on a resilient pad 25 so as to be manually movable into and out of alignment with the other portion of the fibre 24. In Fig. 2B the switch 21 is formed by a prism
26 mounted resiliently on pad 28 adjacent the ends of two fibres 27 and manually movable so as to bring the two fibres
27 into and out of optical continuity. Both switch arrangements described provide a gradual or incremental response so that controller 20 can gradually or incrementally vary the supplies 11,15. Many different control regimes are possible but it is preferred that at initial switch on the gas supply 15 is given a high flow rate for a short period of time in order to purge the gas flow channel 14A of air and thereafter the gas supply 15 delivers at a constant flow rate of 2-6 litres/minute. Also, the electrical supply 11 is pulse width modulated according to the position of the switch 21 to deliver blocks of sinusoidal waveforms of constant frequency and constant amplitude such that the power delivered lies in the range 0 to 100 watts. In consequence delicate cauterisation procedures can be carried out.

Claims

1. Apparatus for use in medicine, particularly for cauterisation, comprising: an electrical power source (11) providing an alternating voltage at a frequency in the Kilohertz region and with a magnitude below 5KV, a single insulated electrical conductor (12) leading from the output of the power source (11) and terminating with an insulation-free tip (12A) , conduit means (14) surrounding the electrical conductor (12) along its length and defining a gas-flow channel (14A) exteriorly of the electrical conductor (12) , means (15,15A) for delivering a supply of substantially inert gas to the channel (14A) , an end piece (13) terminating the gas-flow channel (14A) and surrounding the insulation-free tip (12A) of the conductor (12) , and wherein the end-piece (13) at its free end defines a nozzle (13A) through which the gas-flow can emerge from the channel (14A) as a plasma ionised by the alternating voltage supplied to said tip.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the power source (11) operates at a frequency in the range 30-100 KHz and at a voltage in the range 1-3 KV with a power level less than 100 watts.
3. Apparatus as claimed in either preceding claim, wherein the gas is a gas with a low breakdown potential such as He, Ar, Ne, H2 or N2 or a combination thereof.
. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 , wherein the gas additionally includes less than 25% of oxygen.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the end piece (13) takes the form of a hand tool to be hand manipulated by a user and is made of a material of low permittivity.
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
PCT/GB1995/000759 1994-04-05 1995-04-03 Medical apparatus WO1995026686A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95913899A EP0751749A1 (en) 1994-04-05 1995-04-03 Medical apparatus
AU21114/95A AU2111495A (en) 1994-04-05 1995-04-03 Medical apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9407052A GB9407052D0 (en) 1994-04-05 1994-04-05 Medical apparatus
GB9407052.1 1994-04-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995026686A1 true WO1995026686A1 (en) 1995-10-12

Family

ID=10753282

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/000759 WO1995026686A1 (en) 1994-04-05 1995-04-03 Medical apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0751749A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2111495A (en)
GB (1) GB9407052D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1995026686A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998035618A1 (en) 1997-02-15 1998-08-20 Helica Instruments Limited Medical apparatus for generating an ionised gas plasma flame
WO2001062169A2 (en) 2000-02-22 2001-08-30 Gyrus Medical Limited Plasma device for tissue resurfacing
US6582427B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2003-06-24 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgery system
US6629974B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2003-10-07 Gyrus Medical Limited Tissue treatment method
US6723091B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2004-04-20 Gyrus Medical Limited Tissue resurfacing
WO2005084569A1 (en) 2004-03-05 2005-09-15 Rhytec Limited Gas plasma tissue resurfacing instrument
US7300436B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2007-11-27 Rhytec Limited Tissue resurfacing
US7785322B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2010-08-31 Plasmogen Inc. Tissue treatment system
US7862564B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2011-01-04 Plasmogen Inc. Method of remodelling stretch marks
EP2635226B1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2018-06-13 U.S. Patent Innovations, LLC System for electrosurgical conductive gas cutting for improving eschar, sealing vessels and tissues

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828748A (en) * 1953-03-16 1958-04-01 Birtcher Corp Gas blanketed electro-surgical device
US3903891A (en) * 1968-01-12 1975-09-09 Hogle Kearns Int Method and apparatus for generating plasma
US4060088A (en) * 1976-01-16 1977-11-29 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical method and apparatus for establishing an electrical discharge in an inert gas flow
GB2188845A (en) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-14 Bard Inc C R Electrosurgical conductive gas stream technique of achieving improved eschar for coagulation
EP0279745A2 (en) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-24 Universite Rene Descartes (Paris V) Plasma scalpel
WO1992005743A1 (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-04-16 Birtcher Medical Systems, Inc. Electrosurgical handpiece incorporating blade and gas functionality
WO1993001758A1 (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-02-04 Jerome Canady Surgical coagulation device
USRE34432E (en) * 1986-04-08 1993-11-02 Birtcher Medical Systems, Inc. Power control technique for beam-type electrosurgical unit

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2828748A (en) * 1953-03-16 1958-04-01 Birtcher Corp Gas blanketed electro-surgical device
US3903891A (en) * 1968-01-12 1975-09-09 Hogle Kearns Int Method and apparatus for generating plasma
US4060088A (en) * 1976-01-16 1977-11-29 Valleylab, Inc. Electrosurgical method and apparatus for establishing an electrical discharge in an inert gas flow
GB2188845A (en) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-14 Bard Inc C R Electrosurgical conductive gas stream technique of achieving improved eschar for coagulation
USRE34432E (en) * 1986-04-08 1993-11-02 Birtcher Medical Systems, Inc. Power control technique for beam-type electrosurgical unit
EP0279745A2 (en) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-24 Universite Rene Descartes (Paris V) Plasma scalpel
WO1992005743A1 (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-04-16 Birtcher Medical Systems, Inc. Electrosurgical handpiece incorporating blade and gas functionality
WO1993001758A1 (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-02-04 Jerome Canady Surgical coagulation device

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6225593B1 (en) * 1997-02-15 2001-05-01 Helica Instruments Limited Medical apparatus for generating an ionised gas plasma flame
WO1998035618A1 (en) 1997-02-15 1998-08-20 Helica Instruments Limited Medical apparatus for generating an ionised gas plasma flame
US6582427B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2003-06-24 Gyrus Medical Limited Electrosurgery system
EP1543788A2 (en) 2000-02-22 2005-06-22 Rhytec Limited Plasma device for tissue resurfacing
US6629974B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2003-10-07 Gyrus Medical Limited Tissue treatment method
US6723091B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2004-04-20 Gyrus Medical Limited Tissue resurfacing
WO2001062169A2 (en) 2000-02-22 2001-08-30 Gyrus Medical Limited Plasma device for tissue resurfacing
US7300436B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2007-11-27 Rhytec Limited Tissue resurfacing
US7335199B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2008-02-26 Rhytec Limited Tissue resurfacing
US7785322B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2010-08-31 Plasmogen Inc. Tissue treatment system
US7862564B2 (en) 2000-02-22 2011-01-04 Plasmogen Inc. Method of remodelling stretch marks
WO2005084569A1 (en) 2004-03-05 2005-09-15 Rhytec Limited Gas plasma tissue resurfacing instrument
EP2301460A1 (en) 2004-03-05 2011-03-30 Plasmogen, Inc. Gas plasma tissue resurfacing instrument
EP2635226B1 (en) * 2010-11-02 2018-06-13 U.S. Patent Innovations, LLC System for electrosurgical conductive gas cutting for improving eschar, sealing vessels and tissues

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9407052D0 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0751749A1 (en) 1997-01-08
AU2111495A (en) 1995-10-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1017325B1 (en) Medical apparatus for generating an ionised gas plasma flame
US4839492A (en) Plasma scalpel
US8409190B2 (en) Electrosurgical device to generate a plasma stream
US7316682B2 (en) Electrosurgical device to generate a plasma stream
EP0886493B1 (en) A dermatological treatment probe
EP1720475B8 (en) Gas plasma tissue resurfacing instrument
EP0633749B1 (en) Electrosurgical bipolar cutting handpiece
EP1554985B1 (en) Gas plasma tissue resurfacing instrument
US7517347B2 (en) Electrosurgical instrument for an endoscope or a catheter
EP2591742A1 (en) Plasma irradiation treatment device
EP1658817A1 (en) Usage limiting electronic key system for plasma device for tissue resurfacing
CN110574140B (en) Atmospheric pressure plasma device
KR100603777B1 (en) Endoscope Power Supplying Appliance
WO1995026686A1 (en) Medical apparatus
US10575891B2 (en) Ablation system for large-area surface coagulation of biological tissue
US10918433B2 (en) Devices, systems and methods for enhancing physiological effectiveness of medical cold plasma discharges
EP3533378A1 (en) Plasma generator with a plasma generation tip and with an activation switch
US9649143B2 (en) Electrosurgical system to generate a pulsed plasma stream and method thereof
US20160095645A1 (en) Electrosurgery apparatus, in particular for ablation of a tissue mass from the body of a human or animal patient
EP4076238B1 (en) Electrosurgical instrument and apparatus
WO2017096112A1 (en) Mixing cold plasma beam jets with atmosphere
RU2195226C2 (en) Method for high-frequency electrosurgical action on biologic tissues
CN116135138A (en) Medical apparatus and instruments

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU CA JP US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1995913899

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1995913899

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1995913899

Country of ref document: EP