WO1995015088A1 - Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots - Google Patents
Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995015088A1 WO1995015088A1 PCT/US1994/007993 US9407993W WO9515088A1 WO 1995015088 A1 WO1995015088 A1 WO 1995015088A1 US 9407993 W US9407993 W US 9407993W WO 9515088 A1 WO9515088 A1 WO 9515088A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carrots
- citric acid
- cysteine hydrochloride
- processed
- solution
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/10—Preserving with acids; Acid fermentation
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to methods for inhibiting the discoloration of physiologically injured fruits and vegetables, and relates more particularly to methods for inhibiting the formation of white blush discoloration on freshly processed carrots.
- carrots do not develop black or brown discolorations after suffering tissue injuries due to enzymes of the melanosis reaction. Consequently, the carrot is an ideal vegetable to process shortly after harvest into a form that is ready for consumption.
- approximately 20% are peeled soon after harvest to be sold as fresh miniature carrots, carrot sticks, carrot coins, carrot shreds, and other forms of fresh processed carrots.
- Whole, unprocessed carrots may be stored under refrigeration for many weeks without significantly deteriorating.
- freshly processed carrots that have been in refrigerated storage for just a few days begin to develop a whitish, chalk-like appearance on their abraded surfaces. In the carrot processing industry, this whitish, chalk-like appearance is known as "white blush.”
- the rate at which white blush appears on processed carrots is a function of the physiological condition of the whole carrots prior to processing, the degree of abrasiveness that was present in the processing, the chemical treatments that were applied to the carrots, if any, and the humidity levels and the temperatures at which the carrots have been stored.
- variations in the physiology of the whole, unprocessed carrots caused by different degrees of environmental stresses during the growing period, such as heat stress and drought stress will result in variations in the onset of white blush formation under given storage conditions.
- Carrots that were grown in poorly irrigated fields tend to form white blush discoloration more rapidly, than do processed carrots that were grown in well irrigated fields.
- White blush discolorization is unsightly and unappetizing.
- consumers invariably associate white blush with distastefully old carrots, even though the taste and nutritional value of processed carrots are not affected by the appearance of white blush. This fact leads to significant commercial waste when processed carrots are pulled from the shelf due to the appearance of white blush even though taste and nutrition are not being effected.
- white blush has been controlled primarily by washing freshly processed carrots with chilled water, usually in a hydrocooler, followed by refrigeration and/or by packaging of the freshly processed carrots in specialized containers, including some that maintain modified atmospheres within the containers. Chlorine has also been added to the chilled water treatments for sanitation purposes, and primarily to control microbial bacteria growth on the processed carrots. However, depending upon the variables recited above, the onset of white blush may only be delayed for a few days when utilizing the methods of the prior art.
- the methods of the present invention effectively slow the dehydration of the abraded cell walls of processed carrots that results in the formation of white blush.
- the methods of the present invention utilize safe and natural chemicals that are effective in sufficiently low concentrations that they do not impart off-colors or tastes to the treated, processed carrots.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting the formation of white blush on processed carrots, comprising processing the carrots for consumption and exposing the processed carrots to a solution of citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride, in weight percentage ratios ranging from about 71 parts citric acid to about 29 parts L-cysteine hydrochloride to about 90 parts citric acid to about 10 parts L-cysteine hydrochloride, and the remainder water until the citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride have been diluted to a combined weight percentage concentration of from about 0.7 to at least about 1.7 weight percent of the solution, the exposing including contacting the processed carrots with the solution for a time sufficient such that the contacting inhibits the formation of white blush on the processed carrots when the processed carrots are exposed to an atmosphere that would result in the formation of white blush on the processed carrots in the absence of the contacting.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the method for inhibiting the formation of white blush on processed carrots set forth in the i ⁇ unediately preceding paragraph, and further comprising treating the processed carrots prior to, or after, or both prior to and after the exposing step with chlorinated water having a chlorine concentration of from about 50 ppm to less than about 150 ppm.
- a control group of the carrots weighing approximately 0.5 pounds was submerged for 30 seconds in a 36°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine to approximate the carrot processor's present production procedure for freshly processed mini (baby) carrots.
- the control group was then bagged in the processor's standard, perforated film and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42°F.
- a solution of 71 weight percent food grade citric acid and 29% weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with 36°F tap water to a final concentration of about 1.7 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride.
- a test group of the same carrots, also weighing approximately 0.5 pound, was then submerged in the chilled 1.7 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride solution for about 15 minutes. The test group was then submerged for 30 seconds in a 100 ppm chlorinated water bath, also at about 36°F, bagged in the same perforated film, and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42°F.
- control group and the test group carrots where removed from storage and examined for white blush formation.
- the control group had already formed white blush.
- the test group by contrast, was still moist, had good color and taste, and exhibited no white blush.
- the test group was returned to refrigerated storage, and was examined again after 17 days a d after 26 days of refrigerated storage. Again, the test group was still moist, with good color and taste and with no white blush formation, at each examination.
- the control group was then bagged in the processor's standard unperforated film and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42°F.
- a solution of 71 weight percent food grade citric acid and 29 weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with 36°F tap water to a final concentration of about 1.7 weiyht percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride.
- a 0.5 pound test group of the same carrots was then submerged in the chilled 1.7 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride solution for about 15 minutes. The test group was then submerged for 30 seconds in a water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine, also at about 36°F, and was bagged in the same unperforated film, and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42°F.
- control group and the test group carrots where removed from storage and examined for white blush formation.
- the control group had already formed white blush.
- the test group by contrast, was still moist, had good color and taste, and exhibited no white blush.
- the test group was returned to refrigerated storage, and was examined again after 17 days and after 26 days of refrigerated storage. Again, the test group was still moist, with good color and taste and with no white blush formation, at each examination.
- Freshly processed Imperator variety mini (baby) carrots that were being processed by a central California processing plant were treated in the following manner during processing
- a solution of 75 weight percent food grade citric acid and 25 weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with tap water to a final concentration of about 1.32 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride.
- a test group of the carrots was showered for about 10 minutes with the 1.32 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine solution in a hydrocooler that chilled the solution to about 38-42°F.
- the test group was then showered for 1 second with a 50°F water bath containing 90-100 ppm chlorine flowing at a rate of one-third to one-half gallon per minute from a fixed spray head.
- the carrots moved under the spray head at a rate of one pound per second.
- the test group was then bagged in one pound packages of the processor's standard, perforated film and placed in refrigerated storage ranging from about
- test group was examined for white blush.
- the test group was still moist, had good color and taste, and exhibited no white blush.
- a control group of the carrots weighing approximately 1.0 pound was submerged for 1 minute in a 40°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine to approximate the processor's present production procedure for freshly processed mini
- a 1.0 pound test group of the same carrots was first submerged for 1 minute in a 40°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine.
- a solution of 90 weight percent food grade citric acid and 10 weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with 40°F tap water to a final concentration of about 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride.
- the test group was then submerged in the chilled 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine solution for 25 minutes.
- the test group was then submerged again for one minute in a 40°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine, bagged in the same perforated film, and placed in refrigerated storage at 42°F.
- control group and test group where examined for white blush.
- the control group was dry and had formed white blush.
- the test group by contrast, was still moist, had good color and taste, and had no white blush.
- a 2.0 ounce test group of the same carrots was first submerged for 1 minute in a 40°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine.
- a solution of 90 weight percent food grade citric acid and 10 weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with 40°F tap water to a final concentration of about 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride.
- the test group was then submerged in the chilled 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine solution for approximately 15 minutes, and finally for 1 minute in a 40°F water bath containing 100 ppm chlorine.
- the test group was then bagged in the same unperforated film, and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42"F.
- Freshly processed Imperator variety carrot sticks produced by a central California processing plant were taken in bulk from the production line, prior to being hydrocooled, and were transported to a laboratory facility where they were treated in the following manner shortly after leaving the processing plant.
- a control group of the carrots weighing approximately 0.5 pound was submerged for 15 minutes in a 34°F tap water bath to approximate the processor's present production procedure for freslily processed carrot sticks.
- the control group was then bagged in a zip-lock brand polyethylene bag with one small pinhole, and placed in refrigerated storage at about 42°F.
- a solution of 90 weight percent food grade citric acid and 10 weight percent L-cysteine hydrochloride was diluted with chilled water to a final concentration of about 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride. Temperature of the solution was measured to be about 28°F.
- a 0.5 pound test group of the same carrots was then submerged for 15 minutes in the chilled 1.1 weight percent citric acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride solution. The test group was then bagged in a zip-lock brand polyethylene bag with one small pin hole, and placed in refrigerated storage at about 32°F.
- control group After 28 days, the control group and the test group where examined for white blush formation.
- the control group had formed white blush.
- the test group by contrast, was still moist, had good color and taste, and had no white blush.
- the solutions utilized in the methods of the present invention may be contacted with freshly processed carrots in the conventional ways, such as by dipping, spraying or showering, including contacting the carrots with the solutions in the conventional hydrocoolers utilized by carrot processors, as set forth in the Examples, above. While the invention has been described in the Examples and descriptions, above, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been described and that a]l changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
- the chilled water baths utilized in some of the Examples of the preferred embodiments have had chlorine concentrations as low as 50 ppm and some as high as just slightly less than 150 ppm, and have been chilled to temperatures ranging from about 28°F to about 55°F, yet have still efficiently contributed to the inhibition of white blush formation and microbial bacteria growth on processed carrots that had experienced varying degrees of environmental stress.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7515588A JPH09505738A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | How to prevent bleaching of processed carrots |
BR9408172A BR9408172A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Process for inhibiting bleaching in processed carrots |
KR1019960702831A KR960706295A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
AU73361/94A AU681425B2 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
HU9601445A HU219177B (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Methods for inhibiting of white blush of processed carrots |
EP94923513A EP0731643A4 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
NO962177A NO962177D0 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1996-05-29 | Method of inhibiting white coating on processed carrots |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/159,286 | 1993-11-30 | ||
US08/159,286 US5346712A (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995015088A1 true WO1995015088A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
Family
ID=22571905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/007993 WO1995015088A1 (en) | 1993-11-30 | 1994-07-19 | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5346712A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0731643A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09505738A (en) |
KR (1) | KR960706295A (en) |
AU (1) | AU681425B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9408172A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2176703A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU219177B (en) |
NO (1) | NO962177D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995015088A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5346712A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1994-09-13 | Extended Product Life, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
US5547693A (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1996-08-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method of preserving natural color on fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables |
US5858432A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1999-01-12 | Epl Technologies, Inc. | Methods for shipping broccoli without ice |
US5945146A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-08-31 | Twinam; Jerry Richard | Fresh vegetable product having long shelf life and method of making thereof |
US5957044A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-09-28 | Epl Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for administering treatments to pre-packed boxes of produce |
CN1404359A (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2003-03-19 | 宝洁公司 | Acidic antimicrobial compositions for treating food and food contact surfaces and methods of use thereof |
GB0213113D0 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2002-07-17 | Environmentally Safe Solutions | Compositions and methods for treating fresh fruit and/or vegetables |
US6977090B2 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2005-12-20 | Petcavich Robert J | Method for preserving the natural appearance of fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables |
US8883238B2 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2014-11-11 | Pfm, Llc | Fresh fruit preservative and method of using same |
US8512781B2 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2013-08-20 | Pfm, Llc | Fresh fruit preservative and method of using same |
US9445615B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2016-09-20 | Pfm, Llc | Fresh potato preservative and method of using same |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5126153A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1992-06-30 | Basic American Foods, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting browning of processed produce |
US5346712A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1994-09-13 | Extended Product Life, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2011465A (en) * | 1934-02-28 | 1935-08-13 | Arnold K Balls | Process for inhibiting the discoloration of fruits and vegetables |
US2628905A (en) * | 1951-12-26 | 1953-02-17 | L L Antle & Co Inc | Method of preventing discoloration of sliced organic materials |
US3352691A (en) * | 1964-06-19 | 1967-11-14 | Beatrice Foods Co | Prevention of pink color in white onions |
CH508415A (en) * | 1967-10-27 | 1971-06-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | Antioxidant mixture and its use |
FR2057355A5 (en) * | 1969-08-13 | 1971-05-21 | Dufour Adrien | Cysteine and 2-amino-3-thiopropionic acidas vegetable prese |
US4084008A (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1978-04-11 | General Mills, Inc. | Instantized potato products and method of making same |
US4297377A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1981-10-27 | Chef-Reddy Foods Corporation | Method of making French fryable frozen potato strips |
US4241094A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1980-12-23 | The Pillsbury Company | Potato dehydration |
US4476112A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1984-10-09 | Stay Fresh, Inc. | Food preservative composition |
US4659576A (en) * | 1982-08-03 | 1987-04-21 | Campbell Soup Company | Shelf or refrigerator stable raw alimentary paste |
US4590080A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1986-05-20 | J. R. Simplot Company | Process for preparing parfried and frozen potato products |
US4514428A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1985-04-30 | Frito-Lay, Inc. | Crisp apple snack and process for making same |
US4937085A (en) * | 1986-08-15 | 1990-06-26 | Agra-Research, Inc. | Discoloration preventing food preservative and method |
-
1993
- 1993-11-30 US US08/159,286 patent/US5346712A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-19 HU HU9601445A patent/HU219177B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-19 EP EP94923513A patent/EP0731643A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-19 BR BR9408172A patent/BR9408172A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-07-19 AU AU73361/94A patent/AU681425B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-19 KR KR1019960702831A patent/KR960706295A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-07-19 JP JP7515588A patent/JPH09505738A/en active Pending
- 1994-07-19 CA CA002176703A patent/CA2176703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-07-19 WO PCT/US1994/007993 patent/WO1995015088A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-05-29 NO NO962177A patent/NO962177D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5126153A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1992-06-30 | Basic American Foods, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting browning of processed produce |
US5346712A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1994-09-13 | Extended Product Life, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting white blush on processed carrots |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0731643A1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
NO962177L (en) | 1996-05-29 |
KR960706295A (en) | 1996-12-09 |
JPH09505738A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
NO962177D0 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
EP0731643A4 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
US5346712A (en) | 1994-09-13 |
HUT74963A (en) | 1997-03-28 |
BR9408172A (en) | 1997-08-26 |
HU219177B (en) | 2001-02-28 |
CA2176703A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
AU681425B2 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
HU9601445D0 (en) | 1996-07-29 |
AU7336194A (en) | 1995-06-19 |
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