WO1995014786A1 - Method for obtaining food colouring product - Google Patents

Method for obtaining food colouring product Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995014786A1
WO1995014786A1 PCT/BG1993/000016 BG9300016W WO9514786A1 WO 1995014786 A1 WO1995014786 A1 WO 1995014786A1 BG 9300016 W BG9300016 W BG 9300016W WO 9514786 A1 WO9514786 A1 WO 9514786A1
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Prior art keywords
monascus
added
pigment
milk
dsm
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PCT/BG1993/000016
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anna Kujumdzieva
Valentin Savov
Eugenia Davidova
Tzoni Todorov
Tania Rasheva
Original Assignee
Anna Kujumdzieva
Valentin Savov
Wartenberg Arnold
Eugenia Davidova
Tzoni Todorov
Tania Rasheva
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anna Kujumdzieva, Valentin Savov, Wartenberg Arnold, Eugenia Davidova, Tzoni Todorov, Tania Rasheva filed Critical Anna Kujumdzieva
Priority to PCT/BG1993/000016 priority Critical patent/WO1995014786A1/en
Priority to DE69316397T priority patent/DE69316397D1/en
Priority to EP94900664A priority patent/EP0734449B1/en
Publication of WO1995014786A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995014786A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
    • C12P17/181—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system, e.g. Salinomycin, Septamycin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
    • C12P1/02—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi

Definitions

  • the invention reffers to a method for obtaining of a colouring agent for foodstuffs, which can find application in the food and beverage industry.
  • the fungi, belonging to genus Monascus are well known as natural colouring agents in the food and beverage industry.
  • the pigments are obtained as watter or oil soluble substances stable in the pH region 2 - 10, and at high teperatures (120oC) (2).
  • Natural substrates for the fungi are different cereals and especially rice, and after that the red mixuture is grained and applied as powder (5). Disadvantages of these methods are the long duration (4 - 18 days), long step procedure and obtaining only a pigmented product. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
  • the aim of the invention is to create a method for obtaining of a complex colouring agent for foodstuffs.
  • the aim of the invention can be achieved by using strain microorganism producer of pigments, belonging to genus Monascus .
  • the following strains are used: Monascus purpureus CBS 109. 07, Monascus purpureus DSM 1604, Monascus pur pure us DSM 1603, Monascus ruber DSM 62748, Monascus anka IFO 6540, Monascus anka IFO 4478, Monascus purpureus IFO 4513.
  • milk whey and/or whey permeate and milk permeate in concentration 10 - 100 %, pH 3 - 7, on which the above mentioned microorganisms can grow and produce pigments is used.
  • additional carbon sources 0.1 - 5?6 natural starch sources 0.5 - 5 %, inorganic nitrogen sources 0.1 - 1 %, organic nitrogen sources 0.1 - 10 %, mineral salts 0.001 - 1 % . It was found that the use of whey or milk permeate with different, carbon sources show sinergic effect on the Monascus pigment production.
  • sugars aminosugars, sugar alcohols, alcochols and natural sources containing starch are used.
  • amonium and nitrate salts organic nitrogen containing substances as yeast extract, malt extract, corn extract etc. can be added. Additionally mineral salts like phosphates, sulphates, sodium. magnesium and potassium salts can be used.
  • the cultivation methods applied in this invention are submerged - batch, fed - batch, continuous.
  • the microorganisms from genus Monascus are cultivated at temperature 25 - 40 °C for 2 - 5 days.
  • the fermentation process is performed under the following conditions: pH 4 -8, air 0.3 - 1 1/1/min, agitation 200 - 500 r.p.m., pO 2 20 - 50%.
  • the culture can be applied as a colouring agent in liquid form in the foodstuffs manufacture or as freeze - dried or spray - dried product.
  • the mycellium can be removed by filtration techniques, and when necessary the liquid product can be concentrated up to 40 - 50 % dry weight by vacuum evaporation.
  • the Monascus purpureus DSM 1604 strain is maintained on solid medium containing (g/l): malt extract 5, peptone 10, glucose 20, agar 20, pH 6.0. The cultivation is carried out at 30 °C for 7 days. The main fermentation is performed in a 10 1 bioreactor. The strain is cultivated on culture medium ultrafiltrate of milk whey with decreased protein content. The culture medium is prepared in the following way: cheese or yellow cheese whey is clarified by the following procedure: to 10 1 whey CaC l 2 in quantity up to lg/kg is added ph is ajusted to 7.5 with KOH and after that it is heated to 50 - 60oC for 15 min.
  • the permeate obtained contains (g/l) lactose 45 - 50, protein 0.9 - 1, nitrogen 1.0 - 1.3, phosphorus 2.0 - 2.5, is used as a medium for the fungus cultivation.
  • the cultivation of the strain producer is carried out under the following conditions: temperature 30°C, pH 6.5, air 0.3 1/1/min, agitation 200 r.p.m.
  • the cultivation lasts 72 h and the obtained product is separated from the biomass by centri fugation.
  • the sugar (6), nitrogan (7), phosphorus (8), protein (9), pigment (10), dry weight (11) contain and the proteolitic activity (12) are determined.
  • the filtrate is freeze dried. In the case when the proteolitic activity is not desired a heating procedure at 120 , 'C for 15 min is involved.
  • the product obtained possess the following characteristics: powderlike, red, watersoluble substance, containing (mg/g dry product): lactose 970, pigment 180 - 200 OU, protein 16.8, proteolitic activity 1 U/mg protein.
  • Monascus purpureus CBS 109. 07 is used.
  • the cultivation is carried out under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 1.
  • the culture medium is milk permeate, diluted 1:1 and the following ingradients are added (g/l): yeast extract 0.5, KH 2 PO 4 1.0, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.5, ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.001, pH 6.0.
  • yeast extract 0.5, KH 2 PO 4 1.0, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.5, ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.001, pH 6.0 As additional carbon sources different sugars, aminosugars and alchocols are used. The results are shown on Table 1.
  • the cultural broth is spray dried.
  • the product obtained possesses the following characteristics: powderlike, red, water soluble substance, containing pigment 250 - 550 OU / mg dry weight
  • the carbon sources added do not influence the physical properties of the product obtained.
  • Monascus ruber DSM 62748 is used. Cultivation is performed under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 2 and as additional carbon source glucose in concentration 2 % is added. As nitrogen sources different substances are added to the culture medium (Table 2) .
  • the product obtained after spray drying of the fermentation broth possess the following characteristics: powderlike, red coloured watersoluble substance with pigment content 200 - 500 OU/mg dry weight and powderlike, orange substance with pigment contain 300 - 600 OU/mg dry weight (Table 2).
  • Monascus anka IFO 4478 strain is used. The cultivation is carried out under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 1.
  • the culture medium used is milk permeate 50 % with additional carbon substrates different natural starch sources in concentration 1 % (Table3).
  • the product obtained after spray drying possess the following characteristic: powderlike, red coloured, watersoluble substance, with pigment contain 500 - 600 OU/mg dry weight (Table 3).
  • JP 60 149 512 Make up containing natural olours, abstract 10374 in Chemical Abstracts, vol 104.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

According to this method colourant for foodstuffs is obtained. Red and orange pigments obtained as fungi belonging to genus Monascus are cultivated on culture media, based on milk or whey permeate with different carbon and nitrogen sources and microelements added. Through this method a complex, ecologically clean product, containing lactose, protein, amino acids, vitamins and water soluble pigment is obtained. The method is wasteless, ecologically clean and a nontraditional substrate, waste from the milk industry is utilized.

Description

METHOD FOR OBTAINING OF FOOD COLOURING PRODUCT
FIELD OF INVESTIGATION
The invention reffers to a method for obtaining of a colouring agent for foodstuffs, which can find application in the food and beverage industry.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The fungi, belonging to genus Monascus are well known as natural colouring agents in the food and beverage industry.
They have been used in the oriental countries since centuries, as main colouring agent of wine, meat and curd
(1). Usually the pigments are obtained as watter or oil soluble substances stable in the pH region 2 - 10, and at high teperatures (120ºC) (2).
Different methods used for cultivation of these fungi for pigment biosynthesis are known. They are characterized with the utilization of solid and liquid complex substrates for growth and solid phase and submerged cultivation (3.4).
Natural substrates for the fungi are different cereals and especially rice, and after that the red mixuture is grained and applied as powder (5). Disadvantages of these methods are the long duration (4 - 18 days), long step procedure and obtaining only a pigmented product. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
The aim of the invention is to create a method for obtaining of a complex colouring agent for foodstuffs.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by using strain microorganism producer of pigments, belonging to genus Monascus . The following strains are used: Monascus purpureus CBS 109. 07, Monascus purpureus DSM 1604, Monascus pur pure us DSM 1603, Monascus ruber DSM 62748, Monascus anka IFO 6540, Monascus anka IFO 4478, Monascus purpureus IFO 4513.
As culture medium, milk whey and/or whey permeate and milk permeate in concentration 10 - 100 %, pH 3 - 7, on which the above mentioned microorganisms can grow and produce pigments is used. To this main culture medium different substances can be added: additional carbon sources 0.1 - 5?6, natural starch sources 0.5 - 5 %, inorganic nitrogen sources 0.1 - 1 %, organic nitrogen sources 0.1 - 10 %, mineral salts 0.001 - 1 % . It was found that the use of whey or milk permeate with different, carbon sources show sinergic effect on the Monascus pigment production. As additional carbon sources sugars, aminosugars, sugar alcohols, alcochols and natural sources containing starch are used. As additional nitrogen sources amonium and nitrate salts, organic nitrogen containing substances as yeast extract, malt extract, corn extract etc. can be added. Additionally mineral salts like phosphates, sulphates, sodium. magnesium and potassium salts can be used. The cultivation methods applied in this invention are submerged - batch, fed - batch, continuous. The microorganisms from genus Monascus are cultivated at temperature 25 - 40 °C for 2 - 5 days. The fermentation process is performed under the following conditions: pH 4 -8, air 0.3 - 1 1/1/min, agitation 200 - 500 r.p.m., pO2 20 - 50%.
For the pigment isolation from the cultural broth all known methods can be used. For example the culture can be applied as a colouring agent in liquid form in the foodstuffs manufacture or as freeze - dried or spray - dried product. In some cases the mycellium can be removed by filtration techniques, and when necessary the liquid product can be concentrated up to 40 - 50 % dry weight by vacuum evaporation.
The advantages of the method described in this invention can be summarized as follows: a submerged, one stage method is used, the cultivation process is short; batch and fed - batch cultivation methods are used; complex and ecologically clean product is obtained, which except pigment contains lactose, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and mineral salts; the red pigment is totally water soluble while the orange pigment is in crystal ine form. As main culture medium a cheap, non - traditional substrate. waste from the milk industry, is used and through this method a very strong pollutant from the milk industry is converted into a valuable product for food and beverage industry. The method is ecologically clean, the technology is wastless. EXAMPLE 1
The Monascus purpureus DSM 1604 strain is maintained on solid medium containing (g/l): malt extract 5, peptone 10, glucose 20, agar 20, pH 6.0. The cultivation is carried out at 30 °C for 7 days. The main fermentation is performed in a 10 1 bioreactor. The strain is cultivated on culture medium ultrafiltrate of milk whey with decreased protein content. The culture medium is prepared in the following way: cheese or yellow cheese whey is clarified by the following procedure: to 10 1 whey CaC l 2 in quantity up to lg/kg is added ph is ajusted to 7.5 with KOH and after that it is heated to 50 - 60ºC for 15 min. As a result of this procedure part of the fat content is removed and after that an ultrafiltration on DDS equipment with 5 kDa membranes is carried out. The permeate obtained contains (g/l) lactose 45 - 50, protein 0.9 - 1, nitrogen 1.0 - 1.3, phosphorus 2.0 - 2.5, is used as a medium for the fungus cultivation.
The cultivation of the strain producer is carried out under the following conditions: temperature 30°C, pH 6.5, air 0.3 1/1/min, agitation 200 r.p.m. The cultivation lasts 72 h and the obtained product is separated from the biomass by centri fugation. The sugar (6), nitrogan (7), phosphorus (8), protein (9), pigment (10), dry weight (11) contain and the proteolitic activity (12) are determined. The filtrate is freeze dried. In the case when the proteolitic activity is not desired a heating procedure at 120,'C for 15 min is involved. The product obtained possess the following characteristics: powderlike, red, watersoluble substance, containing (mg/g dry product): lactose 970, pigment 180 - 200 OU, protein 16.8, proteolitic activity 1 U/mg protein. EXAMPLE 2
Monascus purpureus CBS 109. 07 is used. The cultivation is carried out under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 1. The culture medium is milk permeate, diluted 1:1 and the following ingradients are added (g/l): yeast extract 0.5, KH2PO4 1.0, MgSO4 7H2O 0.5, ZnSO4 7H2O 0.001, pH 6.0. As additional carbon sources different sugars, aminosugars and alchocols are used. The results are shown on Table 1.
At the end of the cultivation process, the cultural broth is spray dried. The product obtained possesses the following characteristics: powderlike, red, water soluble substance, containing pigment 250 - 550 OU / mg dry weight
(Table 1).
The carbon sources added, do not influence the physical properties of the product obtained.
Figure imgf000008_0001
EXAMPLE 3
Monascus ruber DSM 62748 is used. Cultivation is performed under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 2 and as additional carbon source glucose in concentration 2 % is added. As nitrogen sources different substances are added to the culture medium (Table 2) . The product obtained after spray drying of the fermentation broth possess the following characteristics: powderlike, red coloured watersoluble substance with pigment content 200 - 500 OU/mg dry weight and powderlike, orange substance with pigment contain 300 - 600 OU/mg dry weight (Table 2).
Figure imgf000009_0001
EXAMPLE 4
Monascus anka IFO 4478 strain is used. The cultivation is carried out under the conditions described in EXAMPLE 1. The culture medium used is milk permeate 50 % with additional carbon substrates different natural starch sources in concentration 1 % (Table3). The product obtained after spray drying possess the following characteristic: powderlike, red coloured, watersoluble substance, with pigment contain 500 - 600 OU/mg dry weight (Table 3).
Figure imgf000010_0001
REFERENCES
1. Wong H.- C; Koehler P.E., Production and isolation of antibiotic from Monascus purpureus and its relationship to pigment production, 1981, J . Food Sci. 46, 8, 589
2. JP 60 149 512, Make up containing natural olours, abstract 10374 in Chemical Abstracts, vol 104.
3. US Patent 4, 927, 760 Production of crystal ine pigment from Monascus during fermentation
4. US Patent 4, 145, 254 Red pigment production
5. US Patent 4, 418, 080 Natural red colouring prepared from wheat and barley substrates
6 Somogyi M.J. Notes on sugar determination. J. Biol. Chem. 1952, 195, 19.
7. Jacobs. S., Meth. biochem. Anal., 13, 241, 196.
8. King E.J..Biochem. J. 26. 292, 1932.
9. Lowry O.H., Rosenbrought N.J. Farel O.M., Randal V.J., J. Biol. Chem. 1951, 193, 265.
10. Su Y.C.; Huang J.H., Fermentative Production of anka pigments, 1980, Proc. Nat 1. Sci. Counc. ROC,
4, 2, 201.
11. Bau Y.S.; Wong H.C., Zink effect on growth, pigmentation and antibacterial activity of Monascus purpureus, 1977, Physiol. Plants, 46, 63.
12. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 1973, ed publ. house Mir, Moscow, T. 7, 256.

Claims

1 . Method for obta ini ng a colorant from pigment synthesizing fungi, belonging to genus Monascus with application in the food and beverage industry. It is characterized as follows: the microorganisms are cultivated in a submerged way at temperature 25 - 40°C, pH 4 - 7, air 0.3 - 1 1/1/min, agitation 200 - 500 r.p.m. for 2 - 5 days on culture medium on the basis of 10 - 100 % secondary milk products with 0.1 - 5 % carbon and 0.1 - 3% nitrogen sources, 0.1 - 1% mineral salts added, and the pigment obtained is isolated.
2. Method according claim 1, characterized with that as pigment producers the following strains from fungi belonging to genus Monascus are used Monascus purpureus CBS 109. 07, Monascus purpureus DSM 1604, Monascus purpureus DSM 1603, Monascus purpureus IFO 4513, Monascus ruber DSM 62748, Monascus anka IFO 6540, Monascus anka IFO 4478.
3. Method according claim 1, characterized with that as secondary milk products milk whey, whey permeate and milk permeate are used.
4. Method according claim 1, characterized with that as additional carbon source sugars, aminosugars, sugar alcohols and alcohols (0.1 - 5%) and natural sources of starch (0.5 -3%) are added.
5. Method according claim 1, characterized with that to the main culture medium additional nitrogen sources -ammonium, nitrates, yeast, malt, corn extract etc. in concentration 0.1 -3% are added.
6. Method according claim 1, characterized with that as additional mineral salts potassium, sodium, magnesium, sulphate and phosphate salts are added.
7. Method according claim 1, characterized with that the product obtained is isolated by applying membrane filtration, extraction with organic solvents or the cultivation broth is vaccuum concentrated, spray dried or freeze dried.
PCT/BG1993/000016 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Method for obtaining food colouring product WO1995014786A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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PCT/BG1993/000016 WO1995014786A1 (en) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Method for obtaining food colouring product
DE69316397T DE69316397D1 (en) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 METHOD FOR OBTAINING FOOD DYES
EP94900664A EP0734449B1 (en) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Method for obtaining food colouring product

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ308411B6 (en) * 2017-12-18 2020-08-05 Výzkumný ústav potravinářský Praha , v.v.i. A method of producing natural pigments in submerged cultures of the microscopic fungus Monascus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19717828A1 (en) * 1997-04-26 1998-10-29 Arnold Prof Dr Wartenberg Production of pigments for artists' paint etc.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2353616A1 (en) * 1976-06-02 1977-12-30 Nestle Sa MONASCUS PIGMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS
FR2505856A1 (en) * 1981-05-16 1982-11-19 Hayashibara Biochem Lab PIGMENT PRODUCTION OF MONASCUS
WO1992013959A1 (en) * 1991-01-31 1992-08-20 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fermentation process producing a monascus dye mixture

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2353616A1 (en) * 1976-06-02 1977-12-30 Nestle Sa MONASCUS PIGMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS
FR2505856A1 (en) * 1981-05-16 1982-11-19 Hayashibara Biochem Lab PIGMENT PRODUCTION OF MONASCUS
WO1992013959A1 (en) * 1991-01-31 1992-08-20 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fermentation process producing a monascus dye mixture

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 106, no. 23, 8 June 1987, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 194726s, GRZYBOWSKI, ROMAN ET AL.: "Stimulation of the biosynthesis of pigments by monascus purpureus fungus." page 601; *
PRZEM. SPOZYW., vol. 39, no. 11, 1985, POL, pages 402 - 404 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ308411B6 (en) * 2017-12-18 2020-08-05 Výzkumný ústav potravinářský Praha , v.v.i. A method of producing natural pigments in submerged cultures of the microscopic fungus Monascus

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