WO1995007901A1

WO1995007901A1 - Substituted tetronic acids useful for treating hiv and other retroviruses

Info

Publication number: WO1995007901A1
Application number: PCT/US1994/009533
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert A. Chrusciel; Linda L. Maggiora; Suvit Thaisrivongs; James M. Tustin; Clark W. Smith; Rubin A. Tommasi; Paul A. Aristoff; Harvey I. Skulnick; W. Jeffrey Howe; Gordon L. Bundy
Original assignee: The Upjohn Company
Priority date: 1993-09-17
Filing date: 1994-09-07
Publication date: 1995-03-23
Also published as: IL110967A0; JPH09502713A; EP0720607A1; AU7636894A; TW354294B; CA2168757A1; US5977169A

Abstract

The invention comprises novel substituted tetronic acid type compounds, 2,4-(3H,5H)-furandiones, that are useful for the inhibition of the HIV protease enzyme. The compounds may be useful for the treatment of a person with AIDS or AIDS related diseases. The compounds may be used in the attempt to retard the further replication of any retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme. Compounds are represented by formula (1), wherein 3 tautomers of the same structure are shown, R1, R2 and R3 are replaced with various substituents.

Description

SUBSTITUTED TETRONIC ACIDS USEFUL FOR TREATING HIV AND OTHER RETROVIRUSES

Background of the Invention

1. Field of the Invention

This invention comprises novel substituted tetronic acid type compounds, 2,4-(3H,5H)-furandiones, that are useful for the inhibition of the HIV protease enzyme. The compounds may be useful for the treatment of a person with AIDS or AIDS related diseases. The compounds may be used in the attempt to retard the further replication of any retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme.

2. Information Disclosure

WO 93/04055, published 4 March 1993, inventor Dolak, Lester, et al. A tetronic acid useful for the inhibition of HIV-protease.

EP 0,259,707-A2 published 16 March 1988, assigned to Takeda Chemical; Terao, Shinji et al., Hydroxybutenolide Derivatives useful for scavenging active oxygen species.

JP 05043568-A (90JP-202268) published 23 February 1993, assigned to Takeda Chemical, disclosing tetronic acids used to treat inflammatory diseases.

Rehse, K., et al., "Anticoagulant Activity of 3,5-Disubstituted Tetronic Acids," Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim) Vol. 311, pp. 986-992 (1978).

Rehse, K., and Wagenknecht, J., "Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Anticoagulant 3- (1-Arylpropyl)-tetronic Acids," Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim), Vol. 312, pp. 164-168 (1979).

Rehse, K., et al., "Protein Binding of Drugs Determined by Continuous Ultrafiltration, III: Protein Binding of Anticoagulant Tetronic Acids," Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim) Vol. 315, pp. 052-056 (1982).

EP 0,534,907-Al, (92JP-276543) published 31 March 1993, assigned to Nippon Zoki

Pharmaceutical disclosing 2-(5H)-furanones to treat auto-immune diseases.

J. Synthetic Org. Chem. Japan, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 127- (1986),

Vekemans, J., "An Efficient Synthesis of (S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-Furanone" Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 28, No. 20, pp. 2299-2300 (1987),

J. Org. Chem., Vol. 46, pp. 2299- (1981),

Kokai Number Hei-4-211676, published 3 August 1992; Yoji, Shirokura. A tetronic acid useful as a vasodilator.

Roggo, B. E., et al., "3-Alkanoyl-5-Hydroxymethyl Tetronic Acid Homologues and Resistomycin: New Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease, I. Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activity" J. of Antibiotics, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 136-142 (Feb. 1994).

Roggo, B. E., et al., "3-Alkanoyl-5-Hydroxymethyl Tetronic Acid Homologues and Resistomycin: New Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease, II. Structure Determination" J. of

Antibiotics, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 143-147 (Feb. 1994).

Lang, Marc and Roesel, Johannes, "HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Development, Status and

Potential Role in the Treatment of ALDS," Archives of Pharmacy, Vol. 326, pp. 921-924 (1993). Undisclosed tetronic acid-type compounds thought to be possible HIV-1 protease inhibitor.

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 98: 119144p (1983) page 20, anticoagulant activity of 3-arylalkyl-5-phenyl tetronic acids. 10 tetronic acid derivatives. Registry number of one compound is 80936-00-1, CA index name, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl- (9CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 90: 185907a (1979) page 575, Mass spectrometric

investigation of anticoagulant 3-(1-arylpropyl) tetronic acids. Tetronic acid derivatives.

Registry number of one compound, 69354-72-9, CA index name, 2(5H)- Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(1-phenylpropyl)- (9CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 90: 114925u (1979) page 28, Anticoagulant activity of 3-5-disubstituted tetronic acids. Tetronic acid derivatives. Registry number of one compound, 69354-71-8, CA index name, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-(9CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 55, Column 16687, paragraph f, disclosure of 3-(1-aminoethyl)-5-methyltetronic acid. Registry number 89910-36-1. CA index name, valeric acid, 2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo, .gamma, -lactone (6CI, 7CI).

Fell, S.C.M. et al. "Synthesis of 4-Substituted Tetronic Acids: Multicolanic Acid." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., Vol. 2, pp. 81-2 (1979).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 34, Alicyclic Compounds (1963), Column 2378, paragraph f, disclosure of ethyl and methyl benzyltetronic acid. Registry number 91910-33-7. CA index name, valeric acid, 2 ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-phenyl, .gamma, -lactone (7CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 118: 45729r (1993) page 457, vasodilators containing terpenes, Registry number 145298-30-2, -29-9, -28-8, -27-7 CA index names, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6octadienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (9CI); 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6octadienyl)-4-methoxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (9CI); 1,3-Pentanedione, 1-(4-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-5-oxo-2-furanyl)-4-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (9CI); 1,3-Pentanedione, 1-(4-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,5- dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-5-oxo-2-furanyl)-4-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-(9CI).

Sibi M.P. et al., "A Convenient Synthesis of 3-alkyltetronic acids from 3-acyltetronic acids." Synthetic Communications, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 809-816 (1992). Reductive

deoxygenation of 3-acyltetronic acids provides 3-alkyltetronic acids in high yields. CA index names, 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, (S)- (9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl, (S)- (9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-propyl-, (S)-(9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl, (S)- (9CI).

Arai K., et al. "Metabolites of Penicillium italicum Wehmer: Isolation and Structures of New Metabolites Including Naturally Occurring 4-ylidene-acyltetronic Acids, Italicinic Acid and Italicic Acid." Chem Pharm. Bull, Vol. 37, No. 12, pp. 3229-3235 (1989). Isolation of 4 metabolites from bacteria. CA index name, 2-Furanacetic acid, 2,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyloctyl)-5-oxo- (9CI); 2-Furanacetic acid, 2,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyloctyl)-5-oxo-(9CI); Registry number 126228-72-6.

Wakabayashi, S., "Synthesis of Optically Active Litsenolide C." The Chemical Society of Japan. Chemistry Letters (5) (1987) pp. 875-878. CA index name, 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradecyl- (R)- (9CI); Registry number 111722-91-9.

Buck, J. "Directed Metallations of 4-Ethylidenetetronic Acid O-Methyl Ether and its Derivatives as a Synthetic Entry to Natural 4-Oxyfuran-2-ones." J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, Vol. 11, pp. 2399-2405 (1985).

Vanwagenen, B.S. "Native American Food and Medicinal Plants." Tetrahedron, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1117-22. CA index names, 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-(9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-tetradecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl- (9CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 97: 109463g (1982) Vinyl carbanions. Registry number 82495-62-3 CA index names, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-(1-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-5-(1-methylethyl)- (9CI).

Anderson J.R., "Metabolites of Higher Fungi ..." J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 1, Vol. 1, pp. 215-221. CA index name, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-propyl- (9CI). CA registry number 818608-84-6.

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 87: 184299e (1977). Synthesis of 3,5-didodecyltetronic acid by ozonolysis of 2,6-didodecyl-3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone. Registry number 64580-85-4 CA index name, 2(5H)- Furanone, 3,5-didodecyl-4-hydroxy- (9CI).

Damon, R.E., et al. "A general synthesis of 2-alkyltetronic acids" Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 32, pp. 2749-2752. CA index names, 3-Furanacetic acid, 5-butyl-2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2- oxo, methyl ester (9CI), 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)- (9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl- (9CI); 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-propenyl)- (9CI);

Gudgeon, J.A., et al, "The Structures and Biosynthesis of Multicolanic, Multicolic, and Multicolosic Acis, Novel Tetronic Acid Metabolites of Penicillium Multicolor." Bioorganic Chemistry, Vol. 8, pp. 311-322 (1979). CA index name, 2-Furanacetic acid, 2,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxypentyl)-5-oxo- (9CI).

Gudgeon, J.A., et al, "Use of singly and doubly labeled carbon- 13-acetate in the elucidation of the structures and biosynthesis of multicolic and multicolosic acids, new tetronic acids from Penicillium multicolor." J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun., Vol. 16, pp. 636-8 (1974).

Sudo, R, et al, "Synthesis of Carolic Acid," J. Org. Chem., Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1844-6. CA67(5):21426s.

Chemical Abstracts, registry number 6232-63-9, CA index name, 2,4(3H,5H)-Furandione, 3-(2-iminoethyl)-5-methyl- (8CI, 9CI).

Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 63, Column 13064, paragraph "a," (1965), registry number

4697-28-3, CA index name, 2-Furanacetic acid, 4-heptyl-2,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-. alpha.-(3-methyl-2-butenylidene)-5-oxo-. (9CI).

EP 0,365,329 A2, published 25 April 1990, inventor, Matsumoto, Koichi; et al.

Antiobiotics acitve against Anaerobic Bacteria, their production and use, and strains of

Enterobacter producing the same.

EP 0,202,589 A2, published 26 November 1986, inventor, Terao, Shinji; Ascorbic acid derivatives, production and use.

EP 0,480,624 A1, published 15 April 1992, inventor, Treiber, Lazsio; et al., A novel dipeptide isostere inhibits HIV protease.

All the above documents are incorporated by reference herein.

3. Scientific and Historical Background

AIDS is a disease that is characterized by a severe immune deficiency primarily caused by a decreased cell-mediated immune response. Gottlieb, et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 305: 1425-1431 (1981); Masur, et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 305: 1431-1438 (1981). The immunodeficient state is characterized by a decrease in T4 lymphocytes, also known as helper T cells, a reversal of the normal T4<+>:T8<+> cell ratio, lymphopenia, and opportunistic infections often caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Some patients also develop lymphoma or Kaposi's sarcoma at increased incidence. The disease is usually fatal.

The virus that the majority of scientists believes causes AIDS, first identified in 1983, has been described by several names. It is the third known human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III) and has the capacity to replicate within cells of the immune system and thereby lead to a profound destruction of T4<+> T-cells (or CD4<+> cells). See, e.g., Gallo, et al, Science, 224: 500-503 (1984), and Popovic, et al, Science, 224: 497-500 (1984). This retrovirus has been known as lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) or AIDS-related virus (ARV) and, more recently, as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Two distinct AIDS viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, have been described. HIV-1 is the virus originally identified in 1983 by Montagnier and co-workers at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Montagnier, et al, Ann. de Virologie, 135 E: No. 1, 119-134 (1984), while HIV-2 was more recently isolated by Montagnier and his coworkers in 1986. Guyader, Nature, 326: 662-669 (1987). Additional distinct AIDS viruses may exist. As used herein, HIV is meant to refer to all of these viruses in a generic sense.

Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses. See, Hayward and Neel, Curr. Top.

Microbiol. Immunol., 91: 217-276 (1981). The virus particle consists of a ribonucleoprotein core enclosed by an outer membrane envelope. Viral envelope glycoproteins protrude from the outer envelope. The viral genome consists of two identical single-stranded RNA molecules. Haseltine and Wong-Stall, Scientific American, 259: 52-62 (1988).

U.S. Patent 4,724,232 claims a method of treating humans having AIDS utilizing 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine. On March 20, 1987, the FDA approved the use of this compound, zidovudine (AZT), to treat AIDS patients with a recent initial episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and for treatment of patients infected with the virus with an absolute CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200/mm in the peripheral blood. AZT is a known inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase.

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme unique to retroviruses that catalyzes the conversion of viral RNA into double stranded DNA. Blockage at any point during the transcription process, by AZT or any other aberrant deoxynucleoside triphosphate incapable of elongation, is postulated to have dramatic consequences relative to viral replication, although no such therapy has yet been perfected.

Another approach to AIDS therapy focuses on the principal receptor on the TA cell that the HIV seems to prefer to bind to, the so-called CD4 molecule. This molecule, a

nonpolymorphic surface glycoprotein, has been targeted as an intervention point in AIDS therapy. Fisher, et al, Nature, 331: 76-78 (1988); Hussey, et al, Nature, 331: 78-81 (1988); and Deen, et al, Nature, 331: 82-84 (1988).

The present invention concerns a different therapeutic target in AIDS, the inhibition of the viral protease (or proteinase) that is essential for processing HIV-fusion polypeptide precursors. In HIV and several other retroviruses, the proteolytic maturation of the gag (group specific antigen) and gag/pol (polymerase) fusion polypeptides (a process indispensable for generation of infective viral particles) has been shown to be mediated by a protease that is, itself, encoded by the pol region of the viral genome. Yoshinaka, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 82: 1618-1622 (1985); Yoshinaka, et al, J. Virol., 55: 870-873 (1985); Yoshinaka, et al, J. Virol., 57: 826-832 (1986).

The protease (or proteinase) enzyme, consisting of only 99 amino acids, is among the smallest enzyme known. Nutt, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 85: 7129-7133 (1988). Pearl and Taylor, Nature, 329: 351-354 (1987). The three-dimensional structure and mechanism of the enzyme is known. Pearl and Taylor, Nature, 329: 351-354 (1987). Active HIV protease has been expressed in bacteria (e.g., Darke, et al, J. Biol. Chem., 264: 2307-2312 (1989)) and chemically synthesized. Schneider and Kent, Cell, 54: 363-368 (1988); and Nutt, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 85: 7129-7133 (1988). All the above documents are incorporated by reference herein.

This invention comprises novel tetronic acid type compounds that are useful for the inhibition of the HIV protease enzyme. The compounds may be useful for the treatment of a person with AIDS or AIDS related diseases. The compounds may be used in the attempt to retard the further replication of any retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme or the human retrovirus such as HIV or of treating human cell systems especially including a patient infected with a human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme.

Summary of the Invention.

This invention comprises novel compounds. The compounds may be used for the treatment of ALDS. Compositions and formulations including the compounds are also described. Methods for the preparation of a medicament and methods for the treatment of AIDS using the compounds are described. Also described are the procedures for making the compounds. The compounds are represented by the structures shown in formula 1,

wherein 3 tautomers of the same structure are shown,

wherein R₁ is

a) -CH-(C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl)₂,

b) diphenylmethyl,

c) diphenylethyl,

d) diphenylethenyl,

e) diphenylpropyl,

f) phenylcyclobutyl;

g) -CH(CH₂-phenyl)₂,

h) -5,6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptenyl,

i) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalenyl, substituted with zero, one (1) or two (2) -O-

(C_1-6 alkyl) or -CH₃,

Formula 15,

or

wherein R_1-1 is

a) -C_1-10 alkyl,

b) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

c) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl), e) -CH₂-C(O)-O-((H or (C_{1 -6} alkyl)), f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_1-100,

g) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_1-500, or

h) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH=CH-R_1-100;

wherein R_1-2 is a) -halo,

b) -trifluoromethyl_.

c) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) ^_C_2-10 alkenyl,

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-((CH₂)CH₂-O-)_q-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -R_1-100,

g) -C(O)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R _1-100,

h) -R_1-500,

i) -C(O)-R_1-500 or

j) -O-R_1-500;

wherein R_1-100 is

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

c) biphenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

d) perhalophenyl;

wherein R_1-500 is

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA₁; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA₁; and if chemically feasible, the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be in the oxidized forms;

wherein RA₁ is

a) halo,

b) -H

c) -N-methyl-piperazino,

d) "C_1-8 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

e) -C_2-8 alkenyl,

f) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

g) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 12}

h) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120; i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15

j) -OH,

k) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, l) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-O-(C_j.6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, m) -O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy,

n) "(C_1-6 alkyl)-O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, o) (o-) or (m-) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂,

p) -(CH₂-O)_q-C_1-3 alkyl,

q) -O-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-CH₃,

r) -CH(O),

s) -C(O)-(C_{1 -6} alkyl),

t) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

u) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

v) -SO₃H,

w) -SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

x) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

y) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

z) -CN,

a1) -NH₂,

b1) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

c1) -mono or -di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

d1) -diethylamino,

e1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(NH(H or C_{1 -5} alkyl))=NCN,

f1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(NH(H or C_1-5 alkyl))=CHNO₂,

g1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12

h1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

i1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-N(C_1-3 alkyl)₂,

j1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-NH-RA_1-RA-12,

k1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-NH-RA_1-RA-12,

l1) -NH-C(O)-NH-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

m1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(SCH₃)=CHNO₂,

n1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(SCH₃)=NCN),

o1) -NH-AA-P₁,

p1) -NO₂,

q1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-N₃,

s1) -N=C-(NH-CH(C_2-6 alkyl)₂)₂,

t1) -NR₄₀R₄₁,

u1) -NH-P(O)(C _1-4 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 12},

v1) -NH-P(O)(RA_1-RA-12-RA_1-RA-12,

w1) -NH-P(O)(O-R₁₁)-(RA_{1-RA- 12}),

x1) -NH-C(S)-NH-R₄₂, or

y1) -NH-C(S)-CH₂-R₄₂;

z1) -(C_{1 -6} alkyl)-G_1-1-CH=CH-RA_1-RA-12,

a2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-1-CH=CH-RA_1-RA-15,

b2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-1-(C_1-10 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo, c2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-1-(C_2-5 alkenyl),

d2) -G_1-1-CH((C_1-6 alkyl))-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

e2) -G_1-1-CH((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f2) -G_1-1-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12)-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 12},

g2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C _1-12 alkyl),

h2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-halo,

i2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-NH₂,

j2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

k2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl))-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl), l2) -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl))-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15, m2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH₂)-C(O)-OH,

n2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_{1 -6} alkyl),

o2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-(C_3-6 cycloalkyl),

p2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

q2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

r2) -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12,

s2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

t2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O )-RA_1-RA-15,

u2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O)-NH-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

v2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-S-RA_1-RA-15,

w2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

x2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15, y2) -G_1-2-CH=CH₂,

z2) -G_1-2-CH=CH-RA_1-RA-12'

a3) -G_1-2-N(R₄₂)₂,

b3) -G_1-2-NH₂,

c3) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-phthalimido,

d3) -G_1-2-(pentafluoro)-phenyl,

e3) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,

f3) -G_1-2-H, or

g3) -(C_2-6 alkyl)-R₃₀;

wherein G_1-1 is

a) -NH-C(O)-,

b) -NH-SO₂-,

c) -NH-C(O)-NH-, or

d) -SO₂-NH-;

wherein G_1-2 is

a) -NH-C(O)-,

b) -C(O)-NH-,

c) -NH-SO₂-,

d) -SO₂-NH-,

e) -NH-SO₂-NH-,

f) -C(O)-O-,

g) -O-C(O)-,

h) -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 12})-C(O)-,

i) -NH-C(O)-NH,

j) -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12)-SO₂-, or

k) -N((C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_1-6 alkyl))-SO₂-;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are defined independently and are the same as RA₁;

wherein RA_1-RA-12 is

a) -phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA, or

b) -naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-15 is

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃- C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_{1 -RA-15-} _AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-120, RA_2-RA-120 and RA_3-RA-120, are defined independently and are a) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

b) -C₁-C₃ alkoxy,

c) -dimethylamino,

d) -diethylamino,

e) -CF₃,

f) -CN,

g) -halo,

h) -NH₂,

i) -OH,

j) -SO₂-NH₂, or

k) -C(O)-NH₂;

wherein RA_1-RA-12-AXA or RA_1-RA-15-AXA are independent and are,

a) -H

b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -(C_1-10 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo or hydroxy, g) -OH,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo or hydroxy,

j) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo or hydroxy,

k) -CH(O),

l) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH,

n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl), r) -mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH,

t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

w) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-N=N-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) or one (1) -N(C₁-C₃ alkyl)₂, or

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl;

wherein R₂ is

a) -H,

b) -C_1-6 alkyl,

c) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_2-10 alkenyl)

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_2-100,

f) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_2-500,

wherein R_2-100 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-100 wherein RA₁ is RA₂;

wherein R_2-500 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-500 wherein RA₁ is RA₂;

wherein RA₂ is independent of and defined the same as RA₁;

wherein R₃ is

a) -C_2-10 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to five (5) halo,

b) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

c) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-(C_1-6 alkyl),

g) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

h) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH=CH-R_3-4,

i) -(C_2-10 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

j) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(R_3-6)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

k) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(R_3-6)-(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

l) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

m) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_3-4)

n) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

o) -R_3-100, except when R_3-100 is phenyl and R₁ is 1-phenyl-propyl, p) -R_3-500,

q) -CH(R_3-6)-CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

r) -CH(C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_3-1-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or s) -CH(C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_3-1-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15; wherein G_3-1 is

a) -NH-C(O)-,

b) -NH-SO₂-,

c) -NH-CO-NH-, or

d) -SO₂-NH-;

wherein, R_3-4 is

a) -trifluoromethyl;

b) -halo,

c) -(C_1-6 alkyl)

d) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

e) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-(C _{1- 6} alkyl),

g) -OH,

h) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

i) -O-R_3-500,

j) -C(O)-R_3-500,

k) -C(O)-OH,

l) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-100,

n) -R_3-100, or

o) -R_3-500;

wherein R_3-6 is

a) -OH,

b) -C_4-10 alkyl,

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂,

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

f) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-100, or

g) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-50o; wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-7 alkenyl),

c) -(C_0-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein R_3-100 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-100 wherein RA₁ is RA₃;

wherein R_3-500 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-100 wherein RA₁ is RA₃;

wherein RA₃ is independent of and defined the same as RA₁;

wherein RA_3-RA-12, RA_3-RA-15, RA_3-RA-12-AXA and RA_3-RA-15-AXA' are all independent of and defined the same as the corresponding R₁ variables, which are: RA_{1 -RA-12}, RA_1-RA-15,

RA_1-RA-12-AXA and RA_1-RA-15-AXA, respectively,

or wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a ring comprised of the following groups,

a) -(C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) -(C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to three: -OH, =N-OH, =O, R_3-9, c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to two R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to two R_3-9)-,

d) a 5- or 6-membered saturated ring containing one (1) or two (2) oxygen atoms, or

or e) a double bond represented by the formula shown below;

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-7 alkenyl),

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein R₁₁ is

a) -H, b) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

c) -(RA_3-RA-12), or

d) pharmaceutically acceptable salts,

wherein R₂₃ is

a) -O-,

b) -C(O)-,

c) -N(H)-,

d) -N(R_3-9)-,

e) -N(C(O)-R_3-9)-, or

f) -N(C(O)-O-R_3-9);

wherein R₃₀ is

a) -morpholino,

b) -piperidino,

c) -piperazino,

d) -OR₄₀,

e) -halo,

f)

g) -NR₄₀R₄₁;

wherein R₄₀ and R₄₁ are defined independently and are,

a) -H,

b) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

c) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120,

wherein R₄₂ is

a) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

b) -phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_{1-RA- 120}, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120;

wherein RA_2-RA-120 and RA_3-RA-120 are independent of and defined the same as RA_1-RA- ₁₂₀;

wherein R₅₀ and R₅₁ are defined independently and are

a) -(H or C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein AA is an amino acid residue,

wherein P₁ is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group,

wherein m and n are independently zero (0) to five (5) inclusive,

wherein p and q are independently one (1) to five (5) inclusive,

wherein z is one (1) to three (3) inclusive;

and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts, including bis salts, thereof,

with the proviso that when R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl and R₂ is H, then R₃ is not C_1-5 alkyl, and with the proviso that when RA₁ or RA₃ is -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12, -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl), -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12, -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_{1 -6} alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15, -G_1-2-N(R₄₂)₂, or -G_1-2-NH₂, then G_1-2 is NOT, -C(O)-NH-, -NH-SO₂-, -SO₂-NH-, -NH-SO₂-NH-, -C(O)-O-, -NH-C(O)-NH, -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA- ₁₂)-SO₂-, or -N((C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_1-6 alkyl))-SO₂-.

Additional subgroups of formula I are also disclosed,

wherein R₁ is

or

wherein R_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

c) -(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_3-5 cycloalkyl),

e) -cyclopropyl,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl), g) -R_1-100, or

h) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-R_1-100;

wherein R_1-2 is -R_1-100, or -R_1-500;

wherein RA₁ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

d) -OH,

e) -O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

f) -O-(C_2-5 alkenyl),

g) -C(O)OH,

h) -C(O)(C_1-5 alkyl),

i) -C(O)-RA_1-3,

wherein RA_1-3 is any N-terminus substituted amino acid, j) -C(O)-N(H)RA_1-1,

k) -CN,

l) -NH₂ (para or meta positions),

m) -N(H)(C_1-5 alkyl) (para or meta positions), n) -N(C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

o) -N(H)RA_1-4,

wherein RA_{1 -4} is any C-terminus substituted amino acid, p) -N(H)C(O)-RA_1-1 (para or meta positions), q) -N(H)C(O)-O-RA_1-1 (para or meta positions), r) -N(H)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

s) -N(C_1-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

t) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

u) -NO₂,

v) -PO₃H,

w) -SO₃H,

x) -SO₂NH₂,

y) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

z) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-15,

a1) -halo,

b1) -RA_1-RA-12' or

c1) -RA_{1 -RA-15};

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-NH₂,

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(NH₂)-C(O)OH,

g) -RA_1-RA-12,

h) -RA_{1 -RA-15},

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

k) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12,

l) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15,

m) -C(O)-RA_1-1-3,

wherein RA_1-1-3 is any N-terminus amino acid, n) -N(H)-RA_1-1-4,

wherein RA_{1 -1-4} is any C-terminus amino acid, o) -R_1-500,

p) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_1-500,

q) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_1-500, or r) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)((C₁-C₅ alkyl)-R_1-500),

wherein RA_1-2 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -RA_1-RA-12,

c) -RA_1-RA-15,

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12,

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15,

wherein RA_1-RA-12 is

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA, or

b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA; wherein RA_1-RA-15 is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3)

RA_1-RA-15-AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-12-AXA or RA_1-RA-15-AXA are are independent and are,

a) -H,

b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -(C_1-10 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy or halo, g) -OH,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy or halo,

j) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy or halo,

k) -CH(O),

l) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH, n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

r) mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH,

t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl;

wherein R₂ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(C_3-4 alkyl),

d) -n-propyl

e) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

f) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

g) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-100,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-500;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are independently defined and are independent of and defined the same as RA₁,

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

c) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

d) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_q-CH₃,

h) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4, i) -(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

k) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

l) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

m) -R_3-100,

n) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

o) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX

p) -H or -(C_1-5 alkyl),

q) -n propyl-RAX,

r) - 3-phenylpropyl,

s) -R_3-500,

t) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

u) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

v) -n propyl-R_3-500,

w) -C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

x) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

y) -C(O)-R_3-1,

z) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_3-1,

a1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)R_3-1,

b1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N((C_1-5 alkyl)((C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-1),

c1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-R_3-1,

d1) -C(O)-N(H)R_3-1, or

e1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)R_3-1;

in RAX is phenyl,

benzyl, or

phenyl or benzyl, substituted with one, two, or three of the following, (C_1-5 alkyl), -hydroxy, -O-(C_1-5 alkyl), or -halo;

wherein R_3-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100, or

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500;

where R_3-4 is a) -OH,

b) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

c) -C(O)-OH,

d) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -(C_3-6 cycloalkyl),

g) -R_3-100, or

h) -R_3-500;

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein R_3-100 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-100 ;

wherein R_3-500 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-500;

wherein RA₃ is independent of and defined the same as RA₁; wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a ring comprised of the following groups, a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two -R_3-9, or

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl);

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-45;

or wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a double bond represented by formula 50, shown below,

and pharmaceutical salts, including bis salts, thereof,

wherein all other variables are as previously defined.

Additional subgroups are wherein R₁ is formula R1A. Additional subgroups are wherein RA₁ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

d) -C(O)-RA_1-3,

wherein RA_{1 -3} is any N-terminus substituted amino acid; e) -C(O)-N(H)RA_1-1,

f) -NH₂ (para or meta positions),

g) -N(H)(C_1-5 alkyl) (para or meta positions), h) -N(C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

i) -N(H)RA_1-4,

wherein RA_{1 -4} is any C-terminus substituted amino acid, j) -N(H)C(O)-RA_1-1 (para or meta positions), k) -N(H)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

l) -N(C_0-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

m) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

n) -NO₂,

o) -SO₂NH₂,

p) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

q) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-15,

or

r) -halo;

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-NH₂,

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl), e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C((H)(NH₂))-C(O)OH,

f) -RA_1-RA-12,

g) -RA _1-RA-15,

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RAX,

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RAX,

j) -C(O)-RA_1-1-3,

wherein RA_{1 -1-3} is any N-terminus amino acid, k) -N(H)-RA_1-1-4, or

wherein RA_{1 -1-4} is any C-terminus amino acid,

l) -R_{1 -500};

wherein RA_1-2 is

a) -RAX,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RAX,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RAX,

d) -RA_{1-RA- 12},

e) -RA_1-RA-15,

f) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

g) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

h) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12, or

i) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are defined independently and are independent of and defined the same as RA₁.

Additional subgroups are wherein R₂ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-100, or

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-500;

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

c) -CH₂-CH=CH₇,

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

e) -(C_0-5 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O)_q-CH₃,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

g) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

h) -n propyl-RAX, i) - 3-phenylpropyl,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

k) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

l) -n propyl-R_3-500,

m) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100,

n) -CH₂-RAX,

o) -benzyl,

p) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

q) -CH₂-R_3-500,

r) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

s) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)R_3-1,

t) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N((C_1-5 alkyl)(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-1),

u) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-R_3-1,

v) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)-R_3-1,

w) -(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

v) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

y) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4, or

z) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4;

wherein R_3-1 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-1;

wherein R_3-2 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-2;

wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a ring comprised of the following groups, a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two R_3-9,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

Additional subgroups are wherein R_1-100 is phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three

(3) of RA₁;

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are independent of and defined the same as R_1-100.

Additional subgroups are wherein, R₁ is -CH(R_{1 -1})-R_1-2.

Additional subgroups are wherein R_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-5 cycloalkyl), or

c) -cyclopropyl;

wherein RA₁ is a) -H,

b) -N(H)C(O)-RA_1-1 (para or meta positions),

c) -N(H)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

d) -N(C_0-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

e) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

f) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12, or

g) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-15;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are defined independently and are independent of and defined the same as RA₁;

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl), or

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(NH2)-C(O)OH;

wherein RAX is phenyl;

wherein R₂ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl,

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-RAX, or

i) -phenylmethyl;

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

c) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

d) -n propyl-RAX,

e) -3 phenyl propyl,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

g) -n propyl-R_3-500,

h) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

i) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4, k) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100,

l) -CH₂-RAX,

m) -benzyl,

n) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500, or

o) -CH₂-R_3-500;

a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl)-R_3-9, or

c) -(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C₂ alkyl).

Additional subgroups are wherein -RA_1-RA-12, -RA_2-RA-12, and -RA_3-RA-12 are defined independently as phenyl, cyanophenyl, fluorophenyl, naphthyl; or phenyl or naphthyl -substituted with 1 to 3 groups of -(C_1-6 alkyl), cyano, halo, hydroxy or -(C_1-6 alkoxy);

wherein -RA_1-RA-15, -RA_2-RA-15, and -RA_3-RA-15 are defined independently as pyridinyl, cyano-pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazolyl, methylimidazolyl, thiazolyl or purinyl; or pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or purinyl - substituted with 1 to 3 groups of -(C_1-6 alkyl), cyano, halo, hydroxy or -(C_1-6 alkoxy);

wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a ring comprised of the following groups, a) (C₆ cycloalkyl),

b) (C₆ cycloalkyl)-R_3-9, or

c) -(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-.

Additional subgroups are wherein -RA_1-RA-12, is

phenyl, fluorophenyl or cyanophenyl;

wherein -RA_1-RA-15, is

1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 8-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl;

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

phenyl,

benzyl, or

phenyl or benzyl, substituted with one, two, or three of the following, -(C_1-5 alkyl), -hydroxy, -O-(C_1-5 alkyl), or -halo.

Additional subgroups are wherein R₂ is a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl,

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-RAX, or

i) -phenylmethyl;

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

c) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

d) -n propyl-RAX,

e) -3 phenyl propyl,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

g) -n propyl-R_3-500,

h) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

i) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

k) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100,

l) -CH₂-RAX,

m) -benzyl,

n) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500, or

o) -CH₂-R_3-500;

a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two R_3-9,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

Additional subgroups are wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-12-AXA, or b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-12-AXA; wherein R_2-500 and R_3-500 are defined independently and are,

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-15- _AXA;

wherein RA_2-RA-12-AXA or RA_2-RA-15-AXA are are defined independently and are,

a) -H,

b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -C_1-10 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

k) -CH(O),

l) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH,

n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

r) mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH,

t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

w) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-N=N-phenyl, substituted by zero (0) or one (1) -N(C₁-C₃ alkyl)₂, or

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl; wherein R₂ and R₃ can be taken together to form a ring comprised of the following groups, a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one R_3-9,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

Additional subgroups are wherein R₁ is -CH(R_1-1)-R_1-2,

wherein R_3-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

c) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-R_3-100, or

e) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-R_3-500;

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

phenyl,

benzyl, or

phenyl or benzyl, substituted with one, two, or three of the following, -(C_1-5 alkyl), -hydroxy, -O-(C_1-5 alkyl), or -halo;

a) (C₆ cycloalkyl),

b) (C₆ cycloalkyl) substituted with one R_3-9, or

c) -(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C₂ alkyl).

A pharmaceutical composition consisting of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a compound of formula 1. The use of a compound of formula 1 to prepare a medicament for treating AIDS and diseases caused by all variants of HIV comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula 1 to a patient in need thereof. A new compound described by formula 1 and all the variations suggested by the various subgroups described. A new pharmaceutical composition, substantially as herein described. A substance or composition for a new use in a method of treatment, substantially as herein described. A substance or composition for use in a method for treating AIDS or a disease caused by a variant of HIV, said substnace or composition comprising a compound of formula 1 and said method comprising administering an effective amount of said substance or composition to a patient in need thereof.

Additional Description of the Invention.

1. Definitions The compounds of this invention are identified in two ways: by descriptive names and by reference to structures having various chemical moieties. The following terms may also be used and are defined below.

OPTIONALLY SUBSTITUTED. The term "optionally substituted" shall mean a group or radical that is substituted with halogen, lower alkyl, mono- or di(lower alkyl)-substituted lower alkyl, (lower alkyl)thio, halo-substituted lower alkyl, amino-substituted lower alkyl, mono-or di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halogen, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl(lower alkyl), hydroxy, cyano, amino, mono- and di(lower alkyl)amino, or nitro and the like.

The parenthetical term (C_n-C_m) or (C_n-m ) is inclusive such that a compound of (C₁-C₈) or (C_n-m ) would include compounds of 0 to 8 carbons and their isomeric forms. The term C₀ of would mean no carbon atom or no carbon group in that particular position.

ALKYL. The parenthetical term (C_n-C_m) is inclusive such that a compound of (C₁-C₈) would include compounds of 0 to 8 carbons and their isomeric forms. The various carbon moieties are aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and includes branched or unbranched forms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, and n-octyl and isomeric forms thereof.

LOWER ALKYL. The term "lower alkyl" refers to branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from one to six carbon atoms. Representatives of such groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, and the like.

(LOWER ALKYL)TΗIO. The term "(lower alkyl)thio" refers to a lower alkyl group as defined above, attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. Typical (lower alkyl)thio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, iso-propylthio, and the like.

ALKOXY. Alkoxy as represented by -OR₁ when R₁ is (C₁-C₈) alkyl refers to an alkyl radical which is attached to the remainder of the molecule by oxygen and includes branched or unbranched forms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, isopentoxy, n-hexoxy, isohexoxy, n-heptoxy, isoheptoxy, and n-octoxy and the like.

LOWER ALKOXY. The term "lower alkoxy" denotes an alkyl group as defined above, attached to the patent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. Representatives of such groups include methoxy, ethoxy, butyoxy, pentoxy and the like.

ALKENYL. Alkenyl refers to a radical of an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond and includes both branched and unbranched forms such as ethenyl, (- CH=CH₂), 1 -methyl- 1-ethenyl, 1-propenyl, (-CH₂-CH=CH₂), 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, allyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-allyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 1-methyl-4-hexenyl, 3-methyl-1-hexenyl, 3-methyl-2-hexenyl, 1-heptenyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 1-methyl-4-heptenyl, 3-methyl-1-heptenyl, 3-methyl-2-heptenyl, 1-octenyl, 2-octenyl, or 3-octenyl and the like.

ALKYNYL. Alkynyl refers to a monovalent branched or unbranched hydrocarbon radical containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, for example ethynyl, propynyl, and the like.

CYCLOALKYL. (C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl refers to a radical of a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon which includes alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, 2,3 diethylcyclopropyl, 2-butylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclobutyl, 3-propylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl and the like. Each of these moieties may be substituted as appropriate.

HETEROALKYL. "Heteroalkyl" refers to alkyls as described above, only where one, two or three non-adjacent carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.

ARYL. Aryl refers to a 6 to 12 carbon atom base structure, one or two fused or nonfused aromatic rings, that may be optionally substituted or substituted with one to 3 hydroxy, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₃ alkyl, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, or bromo groups. Examples of "aryl" are: phenyl, m-methylphenyl, p-trifluoromethylphenyl, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, (o-, m-, p-)tolyl, (o-, m-, p-)ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-tolyl, 4-ethyl-o-tolyl, 5-ethyl-m-tolyl, (o-, m-, or p-)propylphenyl, 2-propyl-(o-, m-, or p-)-tolyl, 4-isopropyl-2,6-xylyl, 3-propyl-4-ethylphenyl, (2,3,4-, 2,3,6-, or 2,4,5-)trimethylphenyl, (o-, m-, or p-)fluorophenyl, (o-, m-, or p-trifluoromethyDphenyl, 4-fluoro-2,5-xylyl, (2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or 3,5-)difluorophenyl, (o-, m-, or p-)chlorophenyl, 2-chloro-p-tolyl, (3-, 4-, 5- or 6-)chloro-o-tolyl, 4-chloro-2-propylphenyl, 2-isopropyl-4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, (3- or 4-)chloro-2-fluorophenyl, (o-, m-, or p-,)trifluorophenyl, (o-, m-, p-)ethoxyphenyl, (4- or 5-)chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl, and 2,4-dichloro(5- or 6-)methylphenyl and the like. Each of these moieties may be substituted as appropriate.

ALKYLARYL. Alkylaryl refers to alkyl chains of one to 8 carbon atoms and isomeric forms thereof which are substituted with aryl groups of 6 to 12 carbon atoms as described above. HETEROCYCLICS. Examples of heterocyclics include: (2-, 3-, or 4-)pyridyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, Nⁱⁿ-formyl-indolyl, Nⁱⁿ-C₂-C₅alkyl-C(O)-indolyl, (1,2,4)-triazolyl, (2-, 4-, 5-)pyrimidinyl, (2-, 3-)thienyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, puryl, phenazyl, carbazolyl, thienyl, and benzothienyl, thienyl, indolyl, iso-quinolyl and the like. Each of these moieties may be substituted as appropriate.

HETEROARYL or HET. A heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and if chemically feasible, the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be in the oxidized forms; and substituted by zero (0) to three (3) substituents. Substituents attached to either Aryl or Heteroaryl ring systems are denoted with the term "RA."

Examples of heteroaryl can include pyridine, thiophene, furan, pyrimidine, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pryidazinyl, 3-pyrazinyl, 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl, 4-isoquinolyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 4-quinazolinyl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 1-phthalazinyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 3-indazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzofuranyl, 3-benzofuranyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl, 5-oxazolyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 1 -pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1-tetrazolyl, 1-indolyl, 1-indazolyl, 2-isoindolyl, 1-purinyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl and 5-isothiazolyl. Each of these moieties may be substituted as appropriate.

AMINO ACIDS. Amino acid residues referred to in this application are listed below, they may also be given either three letter or single letter abbreviations, as follows:

Alanine, Ala, A; Arginine, Arg, R; Asparagine, Asn, N; Aspartic acid, Asp, D;

Cystein, Cys, C; Glutamine, Gln, Q; Glutamic Acid, Glu, E; Glycine, Gly, G; Histidine, His, H; Isoleucine, Ile, I; Leucine, Leu, L; Lysine, Lys, K; Methionine, Met, M; Phenylalanine, Phe, F; Proline, Pro, P; Serine, Ser, S; Threonine, Thr, T; Tryptophan, Trp, W; Tyrosine, Tyr, Y; Valine, Val, V; Aspartic acid or Asparagine, Asx, B; Glutamic acid or Glutamine, Glx, Z; Any amino acid, Xaa, X.

All amino acids have a carboxyl group and an amino group. The amino group of the amino acid is also referred to as the "N-terminus" of the amino acid. The carboxyl group of an amino acid is also referred to as the "C-terminus" of the amino acid. The "N-terminus" of an amino acid may form a peptide bond with a carboxyl group of another compound. The carboxyl group that combines with the "N-terminus" of an amino acid may be the carboxyl group of another amino acid or it may be from another source. If several amino acids are linked into a polypeptide, then the polypeptide will have a "free" N-terminus and a "free" C-terminus.

With the compounds of this invention some of the possible moieties are described as

"("compound")-C(O)-RA_1-3" and "("compound)"-N(H)RA_1-4." The groups "RA_1-3" and "RA₁.₄" (and "RA_1-1-3" and "RA_1-1-4") are amino acids of the type listed above. Thus it is understood that RA_1-3 would be attached to the compound via the "N-terminus" of the amino acid. RA_1-3 is thus said to be an "N-terminus" amino acid, or even "any N-terminus amino acid," referring to any of the amino acids listed above. RA_1-4 would be attached to the compoud via the "C-terminus" of the amino acid. RA_1-4 is thus said to be a "C-terminus" amino acid or even "any C-terminus amino acid," referring to any of the amino acids listed above.

It should be apparent then that, compound-C(O)-RA_1-3 would indicate, compound-C(O)-amino acid, where the N-terminus or amino terminus of the amino acid forms a peptide bond with the compound and compound-N(H)RA_1-4 would indicate, compound-N(H)-amino acid, where the C-terminus or carboxyl group of the amino acid forms a peptide bond with the compound. The former compound would have a "free" amino or N-terminus and the latter a "free" carboxy or C-terminus.

HALOGEN. The term "halo-" and 'halogen" refer to substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo or trifluoromethyl.

CHIRALITY. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that compounds of this invention may contain one or more chiral centers and may exist in optically active forms including cis-/trans- and/or R- and S- isomeric forms and mixtures thereof. The scope of this invention includes all of these forms, the enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms of the compounds, including optically active forms, in pure form or as mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers including cis-/trans-isomeric forms. The therapeutic properties of the compounds may to a greater or lesser degree depend on the stereochemistry of a particular compound.

SALTS. The present invention provides for compounds of formula 1 or pharmacologi cally acceptable salts and/or hydrates thereof. Pharmacologically acceptable salts refers to those salts that would be readily apparent to a manufacturing pharmaceutical chemist to be equivalent to the parent compound in properties such as formulation, stability, patient acceptance and bioavailability.

The tetronic acids form base addition salts when reacted with bases of sufficient strength. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both inorganic and organic bases. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be preferred over the free acids since they produce compounds that are more water soluble and more crystalline. The preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, salts of the mono and divalent metals such as: calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, or sodium; and salts formed with organic bases, such as: hydroxide, tro-methamine (THAM), 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, and other salts as would be apparent to one skilled in the art. Bis salts, where two equivalents of base are added, may also be made from some of the compounds of this invention. Bis salts may be constructed of the salts mentioned above, the following bis salts are frequently used, potassium, or sodium.

Some of the compounds of this invention contain basic functional groups, including amines. These compounds are made into salts when combined with appropriate organic or inorganic acids. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or by separately reacting the purified compound in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed. Representative salts include the acetate, adipates, alginates, aspartates, benzoates, borate, citrate, fumarates, glucoheptonate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, lactate, lactiobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mesylate, naphthylate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, phosphate, propionate, succinate, stearate, sulfate, bisulfate, benzenesulfonates, cyclohexylsulfanates, ethanesulfonates, laurylsulphonate, methanesulfonates, toluenesulfonates, sulfamate, cyclohexylsulfamate, tartrate, tosylate, valerate and other pharmaceutically acceptable counter ions. These salts are readily prepared by methods known in the art.

Additionally, the compounds of this invention may be administered in a suitable hydrated form. Representative alkali or alkaline earth salts include the sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts and the like. Those skilled in the art would know how to formulate the acids, the salts (including bis salts), and any hydrates of the compounds of this invention into appropriate pharmaceutical dosage forms.

OTHER. LAH is lithium aluminum hydride. LDA is lithium diisopropylamide.

THF is tetrahydrofuran. HRMS is High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, EIMS is electron impact mass spectrometry. Et is ethyl. EOAc is ethyl acetate. HOAc is acetic acid. Carbonyl groups are usually written "C(O)" to indicate a carbon oxygen double bond. Carboxyl is usually written "C(O)O" or "C(O)-O-."

NMR. Operating frequence is ¹H-NMR (300.133 MHz) and ¹³C-NMR (75.469 MHz). All variables are independently defined unless stated otherwise. For example, if R₁ and

R₂ were both defined as being A, B, or C then R₁ could be A at the same time that R₂ was A, B or C. When a group can be substituted, usually one to three possibilities, the substitutents need not be the same groups. When a variable in a dependent claim is left undefined it takes the definition of the same variable in the preceding claim from which the dependent claim depends on.

Some variables are combined to form a single recognizable moeity. For example, the R₂ and R₃ groups may be "combined" to form a cyclic structure. In this situation a C₆ cycloalkyl would indicate a six member carbon skelton ring which includes one carbon from the tetronic acid ring, for example, see compound IX-3, etc. Alternatively, a heterocyclic ring composed of R₂ and R₃ would be indicated by "-C_1-5 alkyl-R₂₃-C_1-5 alkyl-." In this latter case, the "-C_1-5 alkyl-" groups would not include the carbon of the tetronic acid ring, thus a six member hetero ring would be written, "-C₂ alkyl-R₂₃-C₂ alkyl-." For example, see compound OX-1, which contains a six membered piperidine ring. Note that there does not have to be an equal number of carbon atoms on either side of the R₂₃ group, nor does R₂₃ have to be a hetero atom.

2. Administration and Compositions

In clinical practice the compounds of the present invention will normally be

administered orally, rectally, or by injection, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient either as a free acid or as a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic, base addition salt, such as of the types listed above in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The use and administration to a patient to be treated in the clinic would be readily apparent to a physician or pharmacist or ordinary skill in the art.

The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise one or more of the compounds of formula I above formulated together with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The pharmaceutical compositions may be specially formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection, or for rectal administration.

The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally (i.e., intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously), intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, or as an oral or nasal spray.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention for parenteral injection comprise pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, . solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservative, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms may be ensured by the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the inclusion of agents which delay absorption such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

If desired and for more effective distribution, the compounds can be incorporated into slow release or targeted delivery systems such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and

microspheres.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium just prior to use.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alignates, gelatin,

polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato ortapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternaryammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example , cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in sort and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite agar-agar, and tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at room temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound. Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this invention include powders, sprays, ointments and inhalants. The active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives, buffers, or propellants which may be required. Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.

Actual dosage levels of active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active compound(s) that is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, compositions, and mode of administration. The selected dosage level will depend upon the activity of the particular compound, the route of administration, the severity of the condition being treated, and the condition and prior medical history of the patient being treated. However, it is within the skill of the art to start doses of the compound at levels lower than required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved. Generally dosage levels of about 0.1 to about 200, more preferably of about 0.5 to about 150, and most preferably about 1 to about 125 mg of active compound per kilogram of body weight per day are administered orally to a mammalian patient. If desired, the effective daily dose may be divided into multiple doses for purposes of administration, e.g., two to four separate doses per day. 3. Utility of the Invention.

The compounds of formula I of the present invention inhibit retroviral proteinases, having a aspartyl protease enzyme, and thus inhibit the replication of the virus. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are useful as novel human retroviral protease inhibitors, having a aspartyl protease enzyme. They are useful for treating human patients infected with a human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme, such as human immunodeficiency virus (strains of HIV-1 or HIV-2) or human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-I or HTLV-II) which results in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and/or related diseases.

The capsid and replicative enzymes (i.e. protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase) of retroviruses are translated from the viral gag and pol genes as polyproteins that are further processed by the viral protease (PR) to the mature proteins found in the viral capsid and necessary for viral functions and replication. If the PR is absent or nonfunctional, the virus cannot replicate. The retroviral PR, such as HIV-1 PR or HIV-2 PR has been found to be an aspartic protease with active site characteristics similar to those exhibited by the more complex aspartic protease, renin.

The term human retrovirus (HRV) includes human immunodeficiency virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus type II, or strains thereof, as well as human T cell leukemia virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) or strains apparent to one skilled in the art, which belong to the same or related viral families and which create similar physiological effects in humans as various human retroviruses containing the aspartyl protease enzyme.

More specifically, an example of one such human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as HTLV-III or LAV) which has been recognized as the causative agent in human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV contains a retro viral encoded protease, HIV-I protease, that cleaves the fusion polypeptides into the functional proteins of the mature viral particle, E.P. Lillehoj, et al., J. Virology, 62:3053 (1988); C. Debuck, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 84:8903 (1987). This enzyme, HIV-I protease, has been classified as an aspartyl protease and has a demonstrated homology to other aspartyl proteases such as renin, L.H. Pearl, et al, Nature 329:351 (1987); I. Katoh, et al, Nature 329:654 (1987). Inhibition of HIV-I protease blocks the replication of HIV and thus is useful in the treatment of human AIDS, E.D. Clerq, J. Med. Chem. 29:1561 (1986). Inhibitors of HIV-I protease are useful in the treatment of HIV-infected individuals who are asymptomatic or symptomatic of AIDS.

Pepstatin A, a general inhibitor of aspartyl proteases, has been disclosed as an inhibitor of HIV-I protease, S. Seelmeier, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:6612 (1986). Other substrate derived inhibitors containing reduced bond isosteres or statine at the scissle position have also been disclosed, M.L. Moore, et al, Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 159:420 (1989); S. Billich, et al, J. Biol. Chem. 263:17905 (1988); Sandoz, D.E. 3812-576-A.

Patients to be treated would be those individuals: 1) infected with one or more strains of a human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme as determined by the presence of either measurable viral antibody or antigen in the serum and 2) in the case of HIV, having either an asymptomatic HIV infection or a symptomatic AIDS defining infection such as i) disseminated histoplasmosis, ii) isopsoriasis, iii) bronchial and pulmonary candidiasis including pneumocystic pneumonia iv) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or v) Kaposi's sarcoma and being less than sixty years old; or having an absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count of less than 500/mm³ in the peripheral blood. Treatment would consist of maintaining an inhibitory level of the compound used according to this invention in the patient at all times and would continue until the occurrence of a second symptomatic AIDS defining infection indicates alternate therapy is needed.

Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating diseases caused by retroviruses containing the aspartyl protease enzyme, such as human acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).

The compounds are also useful for treating non-human animals infected with a retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme, such as cats infected with feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus, simians infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus, goats, and any other animal that may be infected with a virus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme. Exact dosages, forms and modes of administration of the compounds of the present invention to non-human animals would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, such as a veterinarian.

The compounds of formula I of the present invention are prepared as described in the Preparations and Examples below, or are prepared by methods analogous thereto, which are readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis.

Also claimed are essential intermediates, useful in the preparation of the compounds of formula 1.

4. Measures of Activity

The HIV protease assay. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, the compounds of the present invention are effective and potent inhibitors of HIV protease. The HIV protease assay is described below.

Because the compounds of the present invention inhibit retroviral proteases, having an aspartyl protease enzyme, they are expected to inhibit the replication of the HIV virus. The compounds are thus useful for treating human patients infected with a human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme, such as human immunodeficiency virus (strains of HIV-1 or HIV-2) or human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-I or HTLV-II) that results in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and/or related diseases.

The term human retrovirus (HRV) includes human immunodeficiency virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus type II, or strains thereof, as well as human T cell leukemia virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) or strains apparent to one skilled in the art, that belong to the same or related viral families and that create similar physiological effects in humans as various human retroviruses containing the aspartyl protease enzyme.

Patients to be treated are those individuals: 1) infected with one or more strains of a human retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme as determined by the presence of either measurable viral antibody or antigen in the serum and 2) in the case of HIV, having either a symptomatic AIDS defining infection such as i) disseminated histoplasmosis, ii) isopsoriasis, iii) bronchial and pulmonary candidiasis including pneumocystic pneumonia, iv) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or v) Kaposi's sarcoma. Treatment consists of maintaining an inhibitory level of the compound used according to this invention in the patient at all times and would continue until the occurrence of a second symptomatic AIDS defining infection indicates alternate therapy is needed.

More specifically, an example of one such human retrovirus is the human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as HTLV-III or LAV) that has been recognized as the causative agent in human acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS), Gallo, et al, Science, 224: 500-503 (1984). HIV contains a retro viral encoded protease, HIV-I protease, that cleaves the fusion polypeptides into the functional proteins of the mature virus particle. Lillehoj, et al, J. Virology, 62: 3053-3058 (1988); Debouck, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 84: 8903-8906 (1987). This enzyme, HIV-I protease, has been classified as an aspartyl protease and has a demonstrated homology to other aspartyl proteases such as renin. Pearl and Taylor, Nature, 329: 351-354 (1987); Katoh, et al, Nature, 329: 654-656 (1987). Inhibition of HIV-I protease blocks the replication of HIV and thus is useful in the treatment of human AIDS. Clercq, J. Med. Chem., 29: 1561-1569 (1986). Inhibitors of HIV-I or HIV-II protease are useful in the treatment of AIDS.

IN VITRO HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORY ASSAY

The HIV protease screening assay is based on a fluorescently labeled substrate which can be resolved from nonlabeled cleavage product using avidin-polystyrene particles, 0.7-0.9 μm. The substrate is biotinylated at the amino terminal arginine and fluorescently labeled with fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) at the carboxyl terminal lysine. This assay has been employed to detect novel, nonpeptidic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. Substrate (20 μl of 0.2 μM), sample (10 μl of desired concentraion), and enzyme (10 μl of 0.1 μM) are added to a 96 well pandex plate. The assay is run in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 in the presence of 1.0 M sodium chloride and 0.05% NP-40 and incubated in the dark for one hour at room temperature. Avidin coated polystyrene beads (40 μl of 0.1% (w/v)) are added and the incubation is continued in the dark for an additional half hour. The labeled cleavage product is separated from the unreacted substrate via filtration and is read on the IDEXX Screen Machine. (IDEXX Corporation - Portland, Maine) The data are analyzed by appropriate computer algorithms to ascertain percent inhibition values.

The Activity Table showing the results of the HIV Protease Inhibitory Assay appears below in TABLE 1. The table has three columns, the left column provides the code number of the compound for easy cross reference to structure tables and detailed procedures, the middle column provides the concentration of test compound and the column on the right provides the percent inhibition. Determination of K_i values utilizes the same materials and equipment employed for percent inhibition studies. Two-fold serial dilutions are made for a given inhibitor from 2, 3 or 4 starting concentrations with a total of 24, 36 or 48 individual inhibitor concentrations. These dilutions are performed utilizing the BioMek robotics system. The assay consists of 10 μL of 40 nM HIV-1 protease, 10 μL of the various inhibitor concentrations, and 20 μL of 200 μM substrate (40 uL total). The reaction is allowed to proceed for 90 min at room temperature, terminated with 40 μL of avidin beads and processed (supra vide). An inhibitor with a known K_i is run in parallel to verify the validity of the assay. The data is processed utilizing a computer program employing a nonlinear least square analysis of the data to generate the K_i values.

The % inhibition values and, in some instances, IC₅₀ values or K_i values, of representative compounds of the present invention are listed in Tables II and IV below.

Several compounds of the present invention, such as IX-14, IX-17 and IX-24 were tested in known human cell lines, such as human T-cell lines, e.g., MT4 and H9, which were infected with HIV-1_IIIB, and were found to inhibit retroviral replication.

Preferred Compounds.

The following compounds of the present invention are preferred: IX-15, IX-16, IX-17, IX-18, IX-21, IX-24, IX-28, IX-35, IX-37, IX-45. The most preferred compounds of the present invention are IX- 14, IX-22, IX-42.

Compounds of the Invention.

The compounds of this invention are the compounds described under the section titled, "Summary of the Invention," formulas I - VI and all associated moieties.

Preparation of the Compounds.

The compounds of the present invention are prepared as described in the Charts, Preparations and Examples below, or are prepared by methods analogous thereto, which are readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis.

The descriptions below refer to the various CHARTS which show figures and formula that represent various compounds. The structures, or formula, are provided to facilitate an understanding of the description of the invention. The structures in the CHARTS provide general descriptions of reaction schemes and are not intended to limit the procedures to describe only those compounds shown. The aromatic structures in the figures may have a double zero placed within the aromatic ring to emphasize the fact that the structure is not only benzene but any suitable aromatic group, including obvious substitutions, such as those provided in the definition section for aryl, heteroaryl and the like. This is true for any aromatic ring shown not just rings with double zeros in them.

In addition to the preparations and procedures below many of the side chains to the basic tetronic acid "core" structure will be apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the art. Tetronic acid is the trivial name for 5H-Furan-2-one,4-hydroxy. Additional side chains are disclosed in WO 94/11361, published 26 May 1994, (International Application Number PCT/US93/10645) and WO 94/18188, published 18 August 1994, (International Application Number

PCT/US94/00938), incorporated by reference herein. Reference to those documents may be necessary for a complete description of how to make some of the compounds described in this invention.

CHART A

Chart A describes the alkylation of commercially available tetronic acid (A-l) with benzylic or tertiary alcohols (A-2) and alkyl halides (A-3) in the presence of Lewis acids to provide the 3-substituted tetronic acids of general formul A-4. Tetronic acid has also been shown to react with tertiary alcohols in the presence of sulfuric acid to provide the alkylated derivatives (Zimmer, H.; Amer, A.; Pham, C.V.; Schmidt, D.G. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3368.).

Compounds of formula A-4 in which R₁ contains a heteroaroaryl group can be prepared in a manner analagous to that described for the preparation of the heteroaryl containing compounds in Chart II, example 195, of WO 94/11361 and Charts FF-UU, examples 379-394, of WO/94/18188, published 18 August 1994.

WO 94/11361, published 26 May 1994, (International Application Number

PCT/US93/10645, filed 9 November 1993) and WO 94/18188, published 18 August 1994, (International Application Number PCT/US94/00938, filed 3 February 1994, incorporated by reference herein.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART A

Preparation AP-1 (See Chart A, figure "A-4": R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl.)

Intermediate AP-1. 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-.

1.2 gm of tetronic acid (A-1) is dissolved in 75 ml of sieve-dried dioxane followed by the addition of 1.71 ml (18 mmol) of α-cyclopropylbenzyl alcohol ("A-2" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) and 7.2 ml (59 mmol) of BF₃-Et₂O. The reaction is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. During the course of the reaction the solution gradually darkens. The reaction is quenched by the addition of 10 ml of water, and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in 1N NaOH and extracted three times with CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous phase is made acidic with 1N HCl and repeatedly extracted with large volumes of CH₂Cl₂. The CH₂Cl₂ is removed under, reduced pressure, and the solid residue is crystalized from EtOH/H₂O to yield 1.138 gm (41% yield) of a white solid.

The crystals are dried for two days under vacuum.

Physical properties as follows:

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δ 0.20-0.25(m,1H), 0.48-0.50(m,1H), 0.55-.65(m,2H), 1.30-1.40(m,1H), 3.24(d,1H), 4,55(d,2H), 7.26-7.41 (m,5H).

Anal: (calc. for C₁₄H₁₄O₃.0.2H₂O) C,H,N.

MP = 175 °C

Preparation AP-2 (See Chart A, figure "A-4": R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl.) Intermediate AP- 2.

Using the procedure described in Preparation AP-1 starting with α-ethyl benzyl alcohol

(Chart A, figure "A-2" where R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl), intermediate AP-2 is produced.

CHART B

Chart B describes the reaction of tetronic acids of general formula A-4 with readily available primary alkyl halides (B-1) in the presence of butyl lithium as base provides the 5-substituted derivatives of general formula B-3. In addition to the monoalkylated product (B-3), variable amounts of the bis-alkylated product (B-4) may be produced. Use of LDA as base leads to improved yields of B-4. For the efficient reaction with secondary halides, NaI is used as a catalyst. Chart B also describes the reaction of A-4 with non-enolizable aldehydes (such as cinnamaldehyde) to form the 5-substituted tetronic acids of general formula B-5.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART B

Preparation BP-1 and Example BX-1. (See Chart B, figure "B-3": R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl and R₂ is phenylmethyl.) 5H-Furan-2-one, 5-benzyl-3-cyclopropylphenylmethyl-4-hydroxy.

139 mg of title product of Preparation AP-1 and 25 ml of dry THF is cooled to -20°C. 1 ml of 1.6M n-BuLi is added, and the solution, containing partially precipitated dianion, is stirred at -20°C for 30 minutes. 72 μl of commercially available benzyl bromide (Chart B, figure "B-1" where R₂ is phenylmethyl) is added, and the solution is stirred at -20°C for 30 minutes, warmed slowly to room temperature and quenched by the addition of 2.0 ml of H₂O.

Most of the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The basic aqueous residue is extracted 3 times with CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous layer is made acidic with 1N HCl and extracted 3 times with

CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer is dried over MgSO₄, and the product is purified by flash chromatography using 2% HOAc/28% EtOAc/70% hexane as eluant to yield 89 mg of the title product. Crystals are obtained by crystallization from CH₂Cl₂/hexane.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δ 0.20-0.25(m,2H), 0.48-0.52(m,1H), 0.59-0.65(m,1H), 1.45(m,1H), 2.95- 3.06(m,2H), 3.23-3.33(m,1H), 4.89-4.96(m,1H), 7.08-7.34(m,10H).

EIMS m/z 320 (M).

Following procedures analogous to those described above and using starting materials and reagents readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis, the following additional compounds of the present invention are prepared:

Example BX-2. (See Chart B, figure "B-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and

R₂ is 2-phenylethyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD) δ 0.20-0.23(m,2H), 0.53-0.61(m,2H), 1.72-1.86(m,2H), 2.20-2.29(m,1H),

2.61-2.70(m,2H), 2.88-2.92(dd,1H), 4J4-4.77(m,1H), 7.12-7.42(m,10H.

EIMS m/z 334 (M).

Example BX-3. (See Chart B, figure "B-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD) δ 0.20(m,2H), 0.50(m,1H), 0.59(m,1H), 1.65(m,4H), 1.98(m,1H),

2.61(m,2H), 2.83(m,1H), 4.77(d,1H) 7.13-7.39(m,10H).

EIMS m/z 348 (M).

Example BX-4. (See Chart B, figure "B-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and

R₂ is propyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propyl.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD) δ 0.15-0.25(m,2H), 0.50-0.63(m,2H), 0.92-0.98(m,3H), 1.40-1.42(m,2H), 1.57-1.59(m,1H), 1.74(m,1H), 1.91-1.98(m,1H), 2.85-2.88(dd,1H), 4.74-4.77(m,1H), 7.12- 7.40(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 272 (M).

Example BX-5. (See Chart B, figure "B-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethyl and R₂ is

3-cyclohexylpropyl.) B2(5H)-Furanone, 5-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD )δ 0.18-0.23(m,2H), 0.53-0.60(m,2H), 0.81-0.92(m,2H), 1.10-1.22(m,7H),

1.53-1.80(m,8H), 1.91-2.05(m,1H), 2.84-2.87(m,1H), 4.75(m,1H), 7.15-7.40(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 340 (M). Example BX-6. (See Chart B, figure "B-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and

R₂ is 3-phenyl-2-propenyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 0.16-0.22(m, 1H), 0.23-0.62(m,3H), 1.19-1.41(m,1H), 2.52- 2.60(m,1H), 2.70-2.90(m,1H), 3.15-3.25(m,1H), 4.69-4.87(m,1H), 5.92-6.10(m,1H), 6.42- 6.50(m,1H), 7.08-7.39(m,10H).

EIMS m/z 346 (M).

Example BX-7. (See Chart B, figure "B-5" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z_j is 2-phenylvinyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone,

3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(l-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-.

Using the procedure described in Example BP-1, starting with the title compound of

Preparation AP-1 and commercially available trans cinnamaldehyde (Chart B, figure "B-2" where Z₁ is 2-phenylvinyl), title compound is produced.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 0.18(m,2H), 0.52(m,2H), 2.83(m,1H), 4.99(m,1H), 5.47(m,1H),

5.81(m,1H), 6.69(m,1H), 7.12(m,10H).

HRMS calculated for C₂₃H₂₂O₄: 362.1518, found 362.1528.

Procedure BP-2 and Example BX-8. (See Chart B, figure "B-5" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₁ is 2-phenylethyl).

2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-.

31 mg of the title compound from Example BX-7, 55 mg of 10% Pd/C and 10ml of

EtOH are placed in a Parr bottle and shaken for two hours at 15 psi of hydrogen pressure. The reaction mixture is filtered through celite, and the solvent is removed to yield the title compound.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.0(m,2H), 0.30(m,1H), 0.41(m,1H), 1.50(m,3H), 2.64(m,2H), 3.72(m,1H),

4.53(m,1H), 6.98(m,8H), 7.21(m,2H).

HRMS calculated for C₂₃H₂₄O₄: 364.1674, found 364.1665.

Example BX-9 (See Chart B, figure "B-4" where R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl and R₂ is phenylmethyl.)

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.65-0.9(m,3H), 1.79-2.08(m,2H), 2.90-2.97(m,1H), 3.19-3.22(m,1H), 3.47- 3.51(m,1H), 4.82-4.87(m,1H), 7.20-7.24(m,10H). 75mHz ¹³C-NMR(CDCl₃) 12, 25, 30, 37, 42, 79, 110, 126, 127.1, 127.7, 128.3, 128.5, 130, 134, 143, 174, 177.

HRMS calculated for C₂₀H₂₀O₃: 308.1412, found 308.1422.

Example BX-10. (Chart B, "B-3" where R₂ is 1-methylethyl and R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl) .

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 10.45 (br s, 1H), 7.39-7.09

(m, 5H), 4.53-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.99 (m, 3H), 0.73-0.69 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.46 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; HRMS (El) Calcd for

C₁₇H₂₀O₃: 272.1412- Found: 272.1410.

Example BX-11. (Chart B, "B-3" where R₂ is butyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.38-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.67- 4.63 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.21 (m, 4H), 0.88-0.85 (m, 3H), 0.63-0.49 (m, 2H), 0.25-0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 286; HRMS (EI) Calcd for C₁₈H₂₂O₃: 286.1569. Found: 286.1559.

Example BX-12. (Chart B, "B-4" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl)

The title compound was isolated as the minor product from the reaction of AP-1 with propyl bromide.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.38-7.15 (m, 5H), 3.05 (d, 7-9.8 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (t, 7-7.9 Hz, 4H), 1.61-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.06 (m, 4H), 0.91-0.79 (m, 6H), 0.63-0.47 (m, 2H), 0.26-0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C MNR (CDCl₃) δ 176.47, 175.56, 142.22, 128.50, 127.66, 126.47, 105.42, 86.62, 43.71, 37.89, 16.62, 13.96, 13.75, 6.43, 4.19 ppm;

HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₀H₂₆O₃: 314.1882. Found: 314.1876.

Example BX-13. (Chart B, "B-4" where R₂ and R₃ are 1-methylethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl)

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 189.6-190.2 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.45- 7.16 (m, 5H), 3.00 (d, J=8.6, 1H), 2.30-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 1H), 0.97-0.90 (m, 12H), 0.74-0.65 (m, 1H), 0.58-0.49 (m, 1H), 0.32-0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 314; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₀H₂₆O₃: 314.1882. Found: 314.1881.

Example BX-14. (Chart B, "B-4" where R₂ and R₃ are ethyl and R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl)

The title compound was prepared from the reaction of AP-1 and bromoethane as described for example BX-1 using LDA as base to promote the formation of the otherwise minor product "B-4".

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 131.4-133.4 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.83 (br s, 1H), 7.38-7.14 (m, 5H), 3.05 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 1.79-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.52 (m, 1H), 0.75-0.69 (m, 6H), 0.63-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.20 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 286; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₁₈H₂₂O₃: 286.1569. Found: 286.1556.

Example BX-15. (Chart B, "B-4" where R₂ and R₃ are butyl and R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl)

The title compound was prepared using the modification described in example BX-14. Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 97.5-98.7 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.59 (br s, 1H), 7.38-7.12 (m, 5H), 3.07 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 1.75-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.61-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.02 (m, 8H), 0.85-0.79 (m, 6H), 0.68-0.46 (m, 2H), 0.26-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 342; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₂H₃₀O₃: 342.2195. Found: 342.2190.

Example BX-16. (Chart B, "B-4" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl and R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl) Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.39-7.03 (m, 10H), 4,664.61 (m, 1H), 3.67 (q, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 2,73-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.25-1.84 (m, 4H), 0.91 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) ppm.; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.89, 176.53, 128.55, 128.43, 127.78, 126.60, 126.16, 103.96, 41.65, 33.42, 30.53, 25.38, 12.72 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₁H₂₃O₃: 323.1647. Found: 323.74.

CHART C

Chart C describes a method for forming 5-mono and 5-disubstituted tetronic acids of general formula C-5 (Wititak, D.T.; Tehim, A.K. J. Org Chem. 1987, 52, 2324.). Condensation of the lithium anion of commercially available ethyl propriolate (C-2) with an aldehyde or ketone (C-1) affords the hydroxy ester of general formula (C-3). Cyclization to the methyl tetronate (C-4) with sodium methoxide and subsequent deprotection with hydrobromic acid affords the desired tetronic acid of general formula C-5. These synthetic intermediates are further elaborated as described in Charts I and K.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART C

Preparation CP-1 (See Chart C, figure "C-3" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl and R₃ is methyl.) Intermediate CP-1.

Using the general procedure described by Midland, M.M., etal (J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 28-29) 981 mg of commercially available ethyl propiolate (C-2) and 20 ml of dry THF are cooled to -78°C. 6.25 ml of 1.6M n-BuLi are added dropwise, and the solution is stirred for 10 minutes at -78°C. 1.48 gm of commercially available benzyl acetone (C-1) are added, and the solution is stirred at -78°C for 20 minutes. The cooling bath is removed, and the reaction is quenched by the addition of saturated NH₄Cl and glacial acetic acid. Ether is added, and the organic layer is washed with saturated NaH₂CO₃ 3 times and dried over MgSO₄. After removal of solvent the residue is distilled in a Kugelrohr apparatus. The fraction boiling at 190-210°C pot temperature at 2 mm pressure contains 1.06 grams of the title product.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.32(t,3H), 1.59(s,3H), 2.01-2.07(m,2H), 2J7-2.89(m,2H), 4.17-4.29(m,2H), 7.17-7.32(m,5H).

Preparation CP-2 (See Chart C, figure "C-3" where R₂ and R₃ together form a cyclopentyl ring.) Intermediate CP-2.

Using the procedure described in Preparation CP-1, starting with cyclopentanone (C-1), the title compound is synthesized. It is purified by distillation in a Kugelrohr apparatus at 5 mm pressure (160-180°C degrees).

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(300mHz CDCl₃) δ 1.28-1.33(t,3H), 1.74-1.91(m,4H), 1.95-2.07(m,4H), 4.20¬

4.28(q,2H).

Preparation CP-3 (See Chart C, figure "C-3" where R₂ and R₃ together form a cyclooctyl ring.) Intermediate CP-3.

Using the procedure described in Preparation CP-2, starting with cyclooctanone (Chart C, figure "C-1"), title compound is synthesized. It is purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using 20% EtOAc/hexane as eluant.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.28-1.34(t,3H), 1.45-1.66(M,10H), 1.92-2.05(m,4H), 4.20-4.28(q,2H).

Preparation CP-4 (See Chart C, figure "C-4" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclooctyl ring.) Intermediate CP-4.

Using the general procedure described by Witiak, D.T. and Tehim, A.K. (J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2324-2327) 1.88 gm of the title product of Preparation CP-3, intermediate CP-3, are dissolved in 8.0 ml of 3A sieve-dried MeOH. 14 ml of NaOMe (25% by weight in MeOH) are added dropwise. The dark orange solution is stirred under argon for 6 hours. 10 ml of ice cold water are added. The resulting precipitate is filtered. Most of the solvent is removed from the filtrate, and the residue is treated with 0.1N HCl. This solution is extracted with CH₂Cl₂ 3 times. The organic layer is dried over MgSO₄. The product is purified by flash chromatography using 30% EtOAc/hexane to yield 670 mg of the title product after recrystallization from CH₂Cl₂. The precipitate from the reaction is recrystallized from CH₂Cl₂/hexane to yield an additional 462 mg of title compound.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

MP - 53-54°C ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.42-1.85(m,10H), 1.88-1.92(m,4H), 3.87(s,3H), 4.91(s,1H).

EIMS m/z 210 (M).

Preparation CP-5 (See Chart C, figure "C-4" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclopentyl ring.) Refer to Chart C. Intermediate CP-5.

Using the procedure described in Preparation CP-4, starting with the title compound from Preparation CP-2, intermediate CP-2, the cyclization reaction is performed to produce the title compound.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

MP = 60°C.

1H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 1.77-2.09(m,8H), 3.92(s,3H), 5.04(s,1H).

EIMS m/z 168 (M).

Preparation CP-6 (See Chart C, figure "C-4" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl and R₃ is methyl.) Intermediate CP-6.

Using the procedure described in Preparation CP-4, starting with the title compound from Preparation CP-1, intermediate CP-1, the cyclization reaction is performed to produce the title compound.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.50(s,3H), 2.02-2.15(m,2H), 2.38-2.49(m,1H), 2.63-2.67(m,1H), 3.80(s,3H), 5.01(s,1H), 7.14-7.29(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 232 (M).

Preparation CP-7 (See Chart C, figure "C-5" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclopentyl ring.) Intermediate CP-7.

550 mg of title compound of Preparation CP-5, intermediate CP-5, (Chart C, figure "C-4") is stirred with 10 ml of 48% HBr for 19 hours under Argon. 10 ml of cold H₂O are added and the precipitate is removed. The precipitate is recrystallized from CH₂Cl₂/hexane to yield 220 mg of the title product. An additional 120 mg of title product is obtained from the filtrate after flash chromatography using 48% EtOAc\50% hexane\2% HOAc as eluant.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

MP- softens from 145-150° with melting at 150-153°C.

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.81-2.10, 3.24, (4.96-minor amount of enol form).

EIMS m/z 154 (M).

Preparation CP-8 (See Chart C, figure "C-5" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl and R₃ is methyl.) Intermediate CP-8.

Starting with the title compound from Preparation CP-6, intermediate CP-6, (Chart C, figure "C-4"), the procedure described in Preparation CP-7 is used to form the title product, with the modification that the reaction is warmed to 45°C.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 1.51(t,3H), 2.12-2.26(m,2H), 2.50-2.6l(m,1H), 2.71-2.82(m,1H), 2.88-2.95(d,1H), 3.13-3.21(d,1H), 7.14-7.3 l(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 218 (M).

Preparation CP-9 (See Chart C, figure "C-5" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclooctyl ring.) Intermediate CP-9.

Starting with the title compound from Preparation CP-4, intermediate CP-4, (Chart C, figure "C-4"), the procedure described in Preparation CP-7 is used to form the title product. Physical characteristics are as follows:

MP = 170°C

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.49-1.73(m, 10H), 1.94-1.98(m,4H), 3.24(s,2H), 4.85(minor amount of enol form).

EIMS m/z 196 (M).

CHART D

Chart D describes the preparation of 5,5-disubstituted tetronic acids of general formula D-2 by alkylation of the previously described monosubstituted derivatives (B-3) with alkyl halides (D-l) in the presence of LDA as base. For the efficient reaction of secondary alkyl halides, Nal is used as a catalyst.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART D

Preparation DP-1 and Example DX-1. (See Chart D, figure "D-3" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl, R₃ is propyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl.)

138 mg of the title compound of Example BX-3 (Chart D, "B3" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) and 10ml of dry THF are cooled to -78°C. 416 ul of lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M in heptane\TΗPcthyl benzene) are added, and the yellow solution is stirred for 10 min at -78°C. 46 μl of commercial propylbromide (D-1) is added, and the solution is stirred for 30 minutes at -78°C. The reaction is allowed to slowly warm to -5°C, and then quenched by the addition of 5 ml of H₂O. After removal of most of the solvent, the basic aqueous solution is washed twice with CH₂Cl₂, acidified with IN HCl and washed 3 times with CH₂Cl₂. The CH₂Cl₂ layer is dried over MgSO₄. After removal of the solvent, flash chromatography of the crude residue using 75% hexane\23%EtOAc\2%HOAc as eluant yields 46 mg of the title product and 49 mg of unreacted starting material. Yield may be improved by generating the anion and alkylating at -20°C to -10°C instead of -78°C. Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.20-0.30(m,1H), 0.40-0.5 l(m,1H), 0.53-0.68(m,2H), 0.88(t,3H), 1.25-1.35(m,2H), 1.52-1.80(m,7H), 2.52-2.62(m,2H), 3.30-3.41(m,1H), 7.14-7.40(m,10).

EIMS m/z 390 (M).

Example DX-2. (See Chart D, figure "D-2" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is methyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.14(m,2H), 0.33(m,1H), 0.57(m,1H), 1.28(m,1H), 1.57(m,3H), 2.80(m,1H),

3.06(m,2H), 7.00(m,2H), 7.34(m,8H).

HRMS calculated for C₂₂H₂₂O₃: 334.1569, found 334.1577.

Example DX-3. (See Chart D, figure "D-2" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is ethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD) δ 0.19(m,4H), 0.75(m,3H), 1.32(m,1H), 1.86(m,2H), 2.58(m,1H),

3.00(m,2H), 6.72(m,1H), 7.04(m,9H).

HRMS calculated for C₂₃H₂₄O₃: 348.1725, found 348.1721.

Example DX-4. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is propyl, R₃ is phenylmethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) .

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 154.4-155.3 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.15 (m, 10H), 6.76-6.72 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.88 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.06 (m, 3H), 0.96-0.88 (m, 3H), (0.71-0.62 (m), 0.62-0.56 (m), 0.46-0.38 (m), 0.30-0.07 (m) 4H] ppm; MS (El) m/z 362; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₄H₂₆O₃: 362.1882. Found:

362.1878.

Example DX-5. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) .

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 249.3-249.4 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCL₃) δ 7.30-7.18 (m, 13H), 6.67-6.64 (m, 2H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 3.24 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.73 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.23-1.18 (m, 1H), [0.62-0.53 (m), 0.43-0.35 (m), 0.21-0.12 (m), 0.060.01 (m) 4H] ppm; MS (El) m/z 410; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₈H₂₆O₃: 410.1882. Found: 410.1880.

Example DX-6. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 3-pyridinylmethyl, R₃ is propyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) .

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 151.4-153.1 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.40-8.35 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.04 (m, 5H), 6.80-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.49 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.54 (m, 3H), 1.97-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.05-0.89 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.52 (m, 1H), 0.44-0.24 (m, 1H), 0.21-0.04 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 363; HRMS (El) Calcd for

C₂₃H₂₅NO₃: 363.1834. Found: 363.1829.

Example DX-7. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is ethyl, R₃ is 2-phenylethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCL₃) δ 7.45-7.10 (m, 10H), 6.40 (br s, 1H), 3.42-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.21 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.78 (m, 3H), 0.68-0.65 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.47 (m, 1H), 0.30-0.23 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 362; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₄H₂₆O₃: 362.1882. Found: 362.1896.

Example DX-8. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is propyl, R₃ is 2-phenylethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.45-7.09 (m, 10H), 3.33- 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.97 (m, 1H), [1.80-1.70 (m), 1.38-0.98 (m), 0.90-0.84 (m), 9H], 0.66-0.63 (m, 2H), 0.49-0.43 (m, 1H), 0.30-0.24 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 376; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈O₃: 376.2038. Found: 376.2027.

Example DX-9. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ and R₃ are 2-phenylethyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.47-7.09 (m, 15H), 3.38 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.66-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.13-2.00 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.35 (m, 1H), 0.68-0.66 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.48 (m, 1H), 0.30-0.29 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 438; HRMS (El) Calcd for

C₃₀H₃₀O₃: 438.2195. Found: 438.2198.

Example DX-10. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is methyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.38-7.13 (m, 10H), [6.24 (s), 6.14 (s), 1H], 3.41-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.25 (m, 8H), 0.68-0.62 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.48 (m, 1H), 0.30-0.23 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 362; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₄H₂₆O₃: 362.1882. Found: 362.1888.

Example DX-11. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is ethyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.44-7.08 (m, 10H), [6.40 (s), 6.34 (s) 1H] 3.36 (overlapping d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.55 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.59 (m, 6H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 1H), 0.89-0.74 (m, 3H), 0.64-0.63 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.45 (m, 1H), 0.26-0.24 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 376; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₅H₂₈O₃: 376.2038. Found: 376.2032.

Example DX-12. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is butyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl) .

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.10 (m, 10H), [6.37

(s), 6.31 (s) 1H], 3.38-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.58 (m, 6H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 4H), . 1.18-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.85 (m, 3H), 0.69-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.48-0.41 (m, 1H), 0.26-0.20 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 404; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₇H₃₂O₃: 404.2351. Found: 404.2345.

Example DX-13. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ and R₃ are 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.38-7.08 (m, 15H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 3.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.53 (m, 4H), 1.85-1.26 (m, 9H), 0.63-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.43 (m, 1H), 0.27-0.21 (m, 1H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 466; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₃₂H₃₄O₃: 466.2508. Found: 466.2516.

Example DX-14. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is cyclopropylmethyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.43-7.08 (m, 10H), 3.27 (d, J=8.9, 1H), 2.58-2.51 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.25 (m, 8H), [0.62-0.59 (m), 0.43-0.32 (m), 0.25-0.24 (m), 0.06-0.04 (m) 8H] ppm; MS (El) m/z 402; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₇H₃₀O₃: 402.2195. Found: 402.2210.

Example DX-15. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 135.1-136.6 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.30-7.11 (m, 14H), 6.73-6.72 (m, 1H), [6.26 (s), 6.11 (s) 1H], 3.17-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 2H), [1.28-1.24 (m), 1.11-1.08 (m), 0.90-0.87 (m), 0.77-0.73 (m), 0.60-0.54 (m), 0.48-0.41 (m), 0.38-0.33 (m), 0.29-0.24 (m), 0.20-0.14 (m), 0.10-0.02 (m) 5H] ppm; MS (El) m/z 438; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₃₀H₃₀O₃: 438.2195. Found: 438.2192.

Example DX-16. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 2-propenyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.95 (br s, 1H), 7.33-7.01 (m, 10H), 5.59-5.43 (m, 1H), 5.03-4.97 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.41 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.46 (m, 3H), 0.58-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.16-0.15 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 388; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₆H₂₈O₃: 388.2038. Found: 388.2033. Example DX-17. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 1-methylethyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.35-7.01 (m, 10H), 3.10-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.38 (m, 3H), 0.93-0.90 (m, 3H), 0.78-0.76 (m, 3H), 0.60-0.50 (m, 1H), 0.49-0.39 (m, 1H), 0.24-0.14 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 390; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₆H₃₀O₃: 390.2195. Found: 390.2209.

Example DX-18. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ [9.58 (br s), 9.47 (br s), 1H], 7.28-6.90 (m, 15H), 3.04 (d, J=9.7, 1H), 2.45-2.28 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.36 (m, 3H), 0.50-0.34 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.08 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 452; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₃₁H₃₂O₃: 452.2351. Found: 452.2353.

Example DX-19. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 1-methylpropyl, R₃ is 3-phenylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ [9.61 (br s), 9.35 (br s)

1H], 7.35-7.00 (m, 10H), 3.09-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.42 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.33 (m, 4H), 1.11-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.75 (m, 6H), 0.59-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.12 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 404; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₇H₃₂O₃: 404.2351. Found:

404.2344.

Example DX-20. (Chart D, "D-2" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl, R₃ is 2-methylpropyl and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl)

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H. NMR (CDCL₃) δ [9.90 (br s), 9.67 (br s)

1H], 7.36-7.00 (m, 10H), 3.07-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.43 (m, 8H), 0.88-0.77 (m, 6H), 0.59-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.15 (m, 2H) ppm; MS (El) m/z 404; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₇H₃₀O₃: 404.2351. Found: 404.2348.

CHART E CHART E describes a literature procedure for general methodology for synthesizing 3-substituted tetronic acids. Damon, R.E., Luo, T. and Schlessinger, R.H. Tet. Let. 1976, 32, 2749-2752.

CHART F

CHART F describes the aldol condensation of benzylic aldehydes of the formula F-1 with tetronic acid analogs to form a dimer, F-2, which can be reduced using cyanoborohydride to form analogs of the formula F-3. Specific examples of side chains of this type are found in application serial numbers: 08/090,876, filed 13 July 1993 (pyrones). (Begley, M.J., Clemo, N.G. and Pattenden, G. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.I 1985, 2393-2397) Alternatively, under acid conditions, aldol condensation of substituted benyzlic aldehydes of formula F-l with tetronic acid analogs form 3 -aryl methylene derivatives of formula F-6, which can be further elaborated by reaction with Grignard reagents of formula F-7 to form tetronic acid analogs of formula F-8 (Zimmer, H., Hillstrom, W.W., Schmidt, J.C., Seemuth, P.D. and Vogeli, R. J. Org. Chem. 1978 43, 1541-1544) and (Amer, A., Ho, D., Rumpel, K., Schenkel, R.I. and Zimmer, H. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5210-5213). Alkylation at the 5-positioni of the tetronic acid (as described for the example BX-3) provides analogs of formula F-9.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART F

Example FX-1. (See Chart F, "F-9" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and Z₁ is

phenylmethyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(1 ,2-diphenylethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-.

Alkylation of 250 mg of 3-(1',2'-diphenylethyl)-4-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (Chart F, figure "F-8") prepared by the procedure of Amer, A. et al. (J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5210) with 708 mg of 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane (Chart F, figure "F-4") in the presence of 2.5 equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide provided 126 mg of the title compound as a colorless powder. Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.38-1.82 (m,4H), 2.50-2.55(m,2H), 3.22-3.59(m, 2H), 4.02-4.07(m, 1H), 4.48-4.51(m,1H), 7.02-7.48(m, 15H). ¹³C-NMR(75mHZ CDCl₃) 8, 25.25, 30.88, 35.11, 48.37,

41.29, 77.48, 103.08, 125.64, 125.76, 126.21, 126.27, 127.57, 127.90, 127.94, 128.11, 128.19, 128.21, 128.33, 128.68, 140.29, 141.50, 143.25, 174.76, 174.89.

HRMS calculated for C₂₇H₂₆O₃: 398.1882, found 398.1875.

Example FX-2. (Chart F, "F-9" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and Z₁ is phenyl)

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.12 (m, 15H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.96-1.61 (m, 4H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.00, 173.07, 141.25, 139.82, 128.92, 128.23, 128.16, 128.10, 127.24, 127.20, 125.72, 103.50,

77.30, 45.26, 35.06, 30.95, 25.57 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₆H₂₄O₃: 384.1725. Found: 384.1726.

Example FX-3. (See Chart F, figure "F-9" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and Z_j is vinyl.) Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 1.68(m,3H), 1.96(m,1H), 2.60(m,2H), 4.51(d, J=5.5Hz, 1H), 4.66(m,1H), 5.08(d, J=17.2Hz, 1H), 5.26(d, 10.1Hz, 1H), 6.29(m,1H), 7.19(m,10H). ¹³C-NMR(75 mHz CDCl₃) δ 25.67, 31.02, 35.21, 43.02, 77.80, 102.53, 117.40, 125.85, 127.17, 127.75, 128.29, 128.88, 136.91, 129.68, 141.54,

173.99, 174.91.

HRMS calculated for C₂₂H₂₂O₃:334.1596, found 334.1577.

Example FX-4. (See Chart F, figure "F-9" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and Z₁ is 1-methylethyl.)

Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 0.74(d, J=6.5Hz, 3H), 0.96(d, J=6.5Hz, 3H), 1.61(m,3H), 1.92(m,1H), 2.60(m,2H), 2J3(m,1H), 3.22(m,1H), 4.59(m,1H), 7.20(m,10H). ¹³C-NMR(75 mHz CDCl₃) δ 21.42, 25.15, 28.86, 29.22, 30.93, 35.08, 48.40, 77.41, 104.36, 125.66, 126.03, 128.15, 141.49, 143.52, 174.33, 175.03.

HRMS calculated for C₂₃H₂₆O₃: 350.1882, found 350.1889.

Example FX-5. (See Chart F, figure "F-9" where R₂ is 3-phenylpropyl and Z₁ is 1,1-dimethylethyl.)

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(300 mHz CDCl₃) δ 1.00(s,9H), 1.67(m,3H), 1.97(m,1H), 2.60(q, J=7.8Hz, 2H),

3.62(s,1H), 4.62(m,1H), 7.20(m,8H), 7.56(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H). ¹³C-NMR(75 mHz CDCl₃) δ 25.30, 25.52, 28.77, 28.78, 30.98, 31.13, 34.96, 35.05, 51.75, 52.13, 77.02, 103.34, 103.59, 125.58, 125.94, 127.34, 128.08, 128.13, 130.13, 141.40, 141.52, 174.60, 175.11, 175.88, 176.23.

NMR complicated by the presence of diastereomers.

HRMS calculated for C₂₄H₂₈O₃: 364.2038, found 364.2036.

CHART G CHART G describes a method for preparing 5α-substituted tetronic acid analogs of formula G-8. Protection of 3-substituted tetronic acids (A-4) as their methyl ethers is accomplished using a modification of the literature procedure (Gill, M.; Kiefel, M.J.; Lally, D.A.; Ten, A. Aust. J. Chem. 1990, 43, 1497) to provide intermediates of general structure G-1. Aldol reaction of the anion generated from G-1 with an appropriate aldehyde (general structure G-2) provides the hydroxy analogs of formula G-3. A two step dehydration (Kametani, T.; Katoh, T.; Tsubuki, M.; Honda, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7055.) provides the alkene derivatives (G-4) [for the aldol reaction/dehydration of methyl tetronate ("G-1", where R₁ is proton) see Pelter, A.; Al-Bayati, R.I.H.; Ayoub, M.J.; Lewis, W.; Pardasani, P.; Hansel, R. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1987, 717] which react with either organocuprates (G-5) (For general reviews of organocuprate conjugate additions see: Lipshutz, B.H.; Sengupta, S. Org. Reactions 1992, 41, 138. Lipshutz, B.H. Synthesis, 1987, 325. Taylor, R.J.K. Synthesis 1985, 364. Posner, B.H. Org. Reactions 1972, 19, 1.) or organoaluminum reagents (G-6) (Westermann, J.; Nickisch, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1368.) in a conjugate manner to provide the 5α-substituted analogs of formula G-7. Demethylation with LiBr (Campbell, A.C.; Maidment, M.S.; Pick, J.H.; Stevenson, D.F. 7. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I 1985, 1567.) provides the target compounds of formula G-8.

Preparation GP-1 (Chart G, "G-1" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl).

To a solution of AP-1 (20 g, 86.9 mmol) in anhydrous THF (750 ml) at ambient temperature was added cesium carbonate (39.6 g, 122 mmol). After 30 min, dimethyl sulfate (13.87 g, 110 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 48 h. Removal of the volatiles in vacuo provided a residue which was partitioned between chloroform and water. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using methylene chloride as eluent afforded the title compound (16.4 g, 77%) as a crystalline solid: mp 65.3-65.8 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.16 (m, 5H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 2.86 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 1.82-1.69 (m, 1H), 0.62-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.25-0.17 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.87, 172.58, 142.94, 128.26, 127.69, 126.39, 107.28, 64.50, 57.31, 45.24, 13.63, 5.64, 4.89 ppm; EIMS m/z 244 (M⁺); Anal calcd for

C₁₅H₁₆O₃: C, 73-75; H, 6.60. Found: C, 73.69; H, 6.63.

Preparation GP-2. (Chart G, "G-3" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl and Z₂ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of GP-1 (4.27 g, 17.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (300 ml) was added n-butyllithium (13.6 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 21.76 mmol) dropwise over a period of 10 min. After an additional 10 min, hydrocinnamaldehyde ("G-2" where Z₂ is 2-phenylethyl, 3.37 mL, 24.3 mmol) was added dropwise maintaining the internal reaction temperature below -77 °C. After 20 min, the reaction mixture was quenched with acetic acid (100 mL of a 20% solution in hexane), partially concentrated in vacuo, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/2-propanol (2-15%) as eluent. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane provided GP-2 (4.13 g, 62%) as a crystalline solid; mp 115.5-117.5 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.12 (m, 10H), 4.87 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, J=10.2 Hz, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.10 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 1.87-1.62 (m, 3H), 0.75-0.65 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.20 (m, 2H) ppm; EIMS m/z 378 (M⁺).

Preparation GP-3. (Chart G, "G-4" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl and Z₂ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a solution of GP-2 (1.84 g, 4.87 mmol), triethylamine (2.03 mL, 14.6 mmol), and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (178 mg, 1.46 mmol) in methylene chloride (50 mL) at ambient temperature was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.06 mL, 14.6 mmol) over a period of 15 min. After 3 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification.

The trifluoroacetate prepared above was dissolved in benzene (75 mL) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (873 μL, 5.84 mmol) was added. The solution was heated to reflux for 1 h, then stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 0.25 N HCl, and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using hexane/ethyl acetate (2-5%) as eluent afforded the title compound (1.22 g, 70%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.44-7.18 (m, 10H), 5.39 (t, 7-7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.85, (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.81-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 1H), 0.79-0.55 (m 2H), 0.34-0.24 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 169.28, 161.94, 143.63, 142.46, 140.72, 128.32, 127.41, 126.44, 125.97, 110.36, 109.42, 60.44, 45.27, 34.93, 27.27, 14.35, 6.35, 4.43 ppm; EIMS m/z 360 (M⁺).

Preparation GP-4A and GP-4B. (Chart G, "G-7" where R₁ is

cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is 2-phenylethyl and Z₃ is butyl) by the reaction of "G-4" with a Grignard reagent (G-5).

To a flame dried 25 mL 2-neck flask was added CuCN (56 mg, 0.63 mmol). The flask was flushed and evacuated with argon 4 times and left under an atmosphere of argon.

Anhydrous ethyl ether (2 mL) was added and the suspension cooled to -78 °C. n-Butyllithium (790 μL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 1.27 mmol) was added dropwise and mixture allowed to warm to -20 °C at which point dissolution was complete. The solution was recooled to -78 °C and a solution of GP-3 (152 mg, 0.42 mmol) in anhydrous ethyl ether (4 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0-5 °C, stirred for 45 min then quenched by the addition of a 10% NH₄OH, saturated NH₄Cl solution (5 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with 0.25 N HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (1-2%) as eluant which allowed the partial separation of the mixture of stereoisomers into a faster eluting component GP-4A (36 mg, 20%), a slower eluting component GP-4B (44 mg, 25 %) both as oils as well as 30 mg (17%) of fractions contain both components.

GP-4A: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.16 (m, 6H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 2H), [4.89 (s) and 4.88 (s), 1H], [3.66 (s) and 3.65 (s), 3H], 3.04 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.25 (overlapping m's, 8H), 0.93-0.89 (m, 3H), 0.69-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.71, 173.23, 143.10, 141.83, 128.35, 127.57, 127.48, 126.38, 125.85, 109.167, 78.18, 58.77, 45.21, 38.44, 33.22, 30.78, 30.55, 29.40, 28.80, 14.12, 6.33, 4.61 ppm.

GP-4B: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.44-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.02 (m, 8H), [4.93 (s) and 4.92 (s), 1H), [3.73 (s) and 3.69 (s), 3H], [3.06 (d, J=10.3) and 3.04 (d, J=10.3 Hz), 1H], 2.85-2.61 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.69 (overlapping m's, 4H), 1.25-1.14 (overlapping m's, 6H), 0.86-0.78 (m, 3H), 0.71-0.52 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.20 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.75, 173.35, 143.02, 141.81, 128.47, 128.32, 127.45, 126.40, 125.98, 109.30, 78.16, 58.95, 45.33, 45.11, 38.72, 33.24, 32.35, 29.69, 26.83, 22.86, 14.30, 14.05, 13.84, 6.37, 4.50 ppm; EIMS m/z 418 (M⁺).

Preparation of GP-5A and GP-5B. (Chart G, "G-7" where R₁ is

cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is 2-phenylethyl and Z₃ is ethyl) by the reaction of G-4 with an organoaluminum reagent (G-6).

To a mixture of GP-3 (240 mg, 0.67 mmol) and copper(I) bromide-dimethyl sulfide complex (14 mg, 0.07 mmol) in THF (4 mL) at -78 °C was added triethylaluminum ("G-6" where Z₃ is ethyl, 1.2 mL of a 1.0 M solution in hexanes, 1.2 mmoL). After warming to ambient temperature the mixture was stirred overnight then quenched by the addition of a 10% NH₄OH, saturated NH₄Cl solution (5 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with 0.25 N HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (5%) as eluant which allowed the partial separation of the mixture of stereoisomers into a faster eluting component GP-5A (45 mg, 19%), a slower eluting component GP-5B (60 mg, 25 %) both as oils as well as 35 mg (15%) of fractions contain both components.

GP-5A: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.43-7.17 (m, 10H), 4.93-4.92 (m, 1H), [3.75 (s) and 3.70 (s), 3H], 3.08-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.64 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.29-1.19 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.82 (m, 3H), 0.70-0.54 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.37, 173.27, 142.95, 141.63, 128.47, 127.47, 126.34, 125.97, 109.09, 78.13, 58.99, 45.38, 45.11, 40.48, 33.23, 31.84, 20.10, 14.33, 14.17, 11.93, 6.38, 4.48 ppm.

GP-5B: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.15 (m, 6H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.92-4.90 (m, 1H), [3.67 (s) and 3.65 (s), 3H], 3.05 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.72-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.44 (m, 6H), 1.04-0.94 (m, 3H), 0.69-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.69, 173.22, 143.10, 141.81, 128.61, 127.55, 126.39, 125.97, 109.15, 78.12, 58.84, 45.27, 40.36, 39.99, 33.20, 28.52, 23.96, 23.73, 14.25, 14.12, 11.93, 6.33, 4.60 ppm; EIMS m/z 390 (M⁺).

Preparation GP-6 and Example GX-1. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is butyl and Z₃ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a solution of GP-4A (36 mg, 0.09 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) was added LiBr (13 mg, 0.15 mmol). After heating the mixture at reflux for 1 h, the volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.25 N HCl. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. Purification of the residue by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (25%) as eluent provided the title compound (12 mg, 34%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.05 (m, 10H), [4.80 (d, J=2.4 Hz) and 4.76 (d, J=2.4 Hz), 1H], 3.28-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.46 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.23 (overlapping m's, 9H), 0.89-0.86 (overlapping t's, 3H), 0.63-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.20 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.37, 173.37, 142.01, 141.21, 129.24, 128.90, 128.24, 127.11, 125.81, 106.04, 79.21, 43.57, 38.60, 33.55, 33.34, 30.29, 30.12, 29.24, 22.80, 14.02, 13.76, 13.61, 4.77, 4.59, 4.35 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₇H₃₂O₃: 404.2351. Found: 404.2339;

Example GX-2. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is butyl and Z₃ is 2-phenylethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.15 (m, 10H), [6.43 (br s) and 6.38 (br s), 1H] [4.86 (m) and 4.71 (m), 1H], 3.38-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.61 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.12 (m, 7H), 0.85 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.71-0.62 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.45 (m, 1H), 0.28-0.14 (m 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.67, 172.62, 141.89, 140.79, 129.16, 128.41, 127.78, 127.38, 125.89, 106.12, 78.91, 43.37, 38.73, 33.59, 32.21, 29.71, 29.40, 27.09, 22.88, 13.91, 13.65, 4.32, 4.18 ppm.

Example GX-3. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is methyl and Z₃ is 2-phenylethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.08 (m, 10H), 4.64- 4.60 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.25 (m, 4H), 1.08-1.01 (m, 3H), 0.90-0.76 (m, 1H), 0.68-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.39 (m, 1H), 0.24-0.19 (m, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.30, 172.74, 141.80, 141.02, 128.95, 128.68, 128.34, 128.23, 127.74, 127.18, 125.87, 106.09, 81.43, 43.44, 34.19, 33.27, 31.09, 29.71, 15.57, 13.72, 4.65, 4.34 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₄H₂₆O₃: 362.1882. Found: 362.1894.

Example GX-4. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is phenyl and Z₃ is 2-phenylethyl). Following the general procedure described for the synthesis of GX-1 and using phenyl lithium (prepared from commercially available bromobenzene and lithium metal) to prepare the requisite organocuprate, the title compound was isolated as an amorphous solid: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.31-6.64 (m, 16H), 4.87-4.79 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.01 (m, 4H), [1.25-1.11 (m) and 0.93-0.84 (m), 1H], 0.52-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.22-(-)0.07 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.30, 174.12, 172.41, 141.47, 141.43, 140.13, 136.78, 129.43, 129.08, 129.01, 128.89, 128.64, 127.98, 126.86, 125.95, 105.99, 79.88, 46.08, 45.91, 43.05, 34.09, 33.83, 33.56, 13.68, 13.31, 4.72, 4.54, 3.99 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₉H₂₈O₃:

424.2038. Found: 424.2019.

Example GX-5. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is butyl and

Z₃ is ethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.39 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.17 (m, 3H), 4.77-4.74 (m, 1H), 3.07 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 1.77 (br, 1H), 1.61-1.40 (m, 3H), 1.28-1.12 (m, 5H), 0.93-0.80 (m, 6H), 0.61-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.29-0.20 (m,2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.96, 175.04, 142.04, 128.48, 127.73, 127.67, 126.64, 105.54, 79.64, 43.98, 40.65, 29.58, 26.62, 23.71, 22.91, 13.91, 13.65, 11.63, 5.31, 4.43 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for

C₂₁H₂₈O₃: 328.2038. Found: 328.2030.

Example GX-6. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is phenyl and Z₃ is ethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 185-186 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.37-6.75

(m, 10H), 4.81-4.79 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.55 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.24 (m,1H), 0.81 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.48-0.36 (m, 1H), 0.20-0.02 (m,3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.11, 173.55, 173.33, 141.96, 136.96, 128.57, 127.89, 127.85, 127.74, 127.02, 126.81, 126.65, 105.05, 79.45, 48.077, 43.05, 25.31, 13.47, 13.12, 11.94, 5.75, 5.40, 3.40 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₃H₂₄O₃: 348.1725. Found: 348.1729.

Example GX-7. (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ is phenyl and Z₃ is propyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 164-165 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.34-7.10 (m, 10H), 6.61-6.59 (m, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.92-4.82 (m, 1H), 3.12 -3.05 (m, 1H), 2.99 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.23 (m, 3H), 0.90 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.72-0.10 (m, 4H) ppm; ¹³C MNR (CDCl₃) δ 171.91, 171.85, 140.71, 139.62, 137.41, 137.25, 129.17, 128.87, 128.65, 128.50, 128.13, 127.94, 127.66, 127.49, 105.93, 79.43, 46.39, 46.23, 42.80, 34.48, 34.09, 20.59, 13.74, 13.53, 13.16, 4.16, 4.03 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₄H₂₆O₃: 362.1882. Found: 362.1900. Example GX-8 (Chart G, "G-8" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl, Z₂ and Z₃ are propyl).

The title example was prepared using tripropyl aluminum as the reagent of general formula G-6.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.84- 4.72 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.12 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.00 (m, 6H), 1.00-0.52 (m, 10H), 0.40-0.13 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.2, 174.0, 141.8, 128.7, 128.4, 128.1, 127.8, 126.8, 126.5, 105.9, 79.7, 43.8, 33.1, 29.7, 26.9, 20.6, 20.3, 14.3, 13.7, 5.1, 4.4 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₁H₂₈O₃: 329.2117. Found: 329.2118.

CHART H

CHART H describes a method for preparing 5α-substituted tetronic acid analogs of general formulas H-5 and H-7. Wadsworth-Emmons Wittig chemistry using commercially available phosphonate esters (H-l) and commercially available or readily synthesized aldehydes (H-2) provides unsaturated esters of the general formula H-3. Reaction of these esters with the anion generated from G-1 in a Michael fashion affords the desired 5α-substituted analogs of the formula H-4. The ester functionality is readily modified as demonstrated by its selective reduction with lithium borohydride (Ireland, R.E.; Thompson, W.J. J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 3041.) to provide the alcohol of formula H-6. Demethylation of the protected tetronates with LiBr provides the target compounds of formula H-5 and H-7 respectively.

Preparation HP-1. (Chart H "H-3" where Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of methyl diethylphosphonoacetate ("H-l", 1.48 g, 7.07 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (6.71 mL of a 1 M solution in THF, 6.71 mmol). After 30 min, hydrocinnamaldehyde ("H-2" where Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl, 980 μL, 7.07 mmol) was added slowly and the mixture allowed to warm gradually to ambient temperature. After stirring for 48 h, the reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using hexane/ethyl acetate (10%) as eluent afforded the title compound (1.17 g, 87%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.31-7.16 (m, 5H), 7.01 (dt, J=15.7 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (dt, J=15.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.77 (t, J=8.15 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation HP-2. (Chart H "H-4" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of GP-1 (1.1 g, 4.52 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 ml) was added n-butyllithium (0.42 μL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 0.67 mmol) dropwise over a period of 5 min. After an additional 15 min, a solution of HP-1 (0.78 g, 4.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added dropwise maintaining the internal reaction temperature below -70 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h maintaining the temperature between 60 and -70 °C then quenched by transferring the reaction mixture via cannula into a stirred solution of saturated NH₄Cl. After diluting with ethyl acetate, the organic layer washed with 0.25 N HCl, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue . was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (15-20%) as eluent to provide the title compound (770 mg, 43%) as a solid; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.20-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.07-6.95 (m, 6H), [4.85 (s), 4.84 (s), 1H], 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 2.76 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.51-2.18 (m, 5H), 1.58-1.16 (m, 3H), 0.47-0.27 (m, 2H), 0.74-(-)0.01 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.03, 172.71, 142.74, 140.84, 128.25, 128.15, 127.52, 126.22, 125.91, 109.69, 77.55, 58.75, 51.66, 45.02, 35.45, 34.88, 32.68, 27.55, 13.67, 5.92, 4.73 ppm; EIMS m/z 434 (M⁺).

Example HX-1. (Chart H "H-5" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl).

Following the general procedure described in preparation GP-6, the title compound was isolated as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.39 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.05 (m, 6H), 7.03 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), [4.75 (s), 4.74 (s), 1H], 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.01 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 2.67-2.34 (m, 5H), 1.73-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.37 (m, 1H), 0.60-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.27-0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.31, 172.67, 142.16, 141.07, 128.95, 128.43, 128.15, 126.55, 125.97, 106.19, 78.86, 52.19, 44.30, 36.14, 34.93, 29.25, 14.10, 6.04, 5.21 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for

C₂₆H₂₈O₅: 420.1937. Found: 420.1952.

Preparation HP-3. (Chart H "H-6" where

R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a solution of HP-2 (200 mg, 0.46 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) at ambient temperature was added lithium borohydride (800 μL of a 2.0 M solution in THF, 1.6 mmol). After 3 h, the solution was cooled to 0-5 °C and the reaction quenched by the slow addition of acetic acid (2 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with 0.25 N HCl, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography using methylene chloride/methanol (1-2%) as eluent to provide the title compound (770 mg, 43%) as a solid; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.39 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.27-7.03 (m, 6H), 7.00 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), [5.01 (s), 4.97 (s), 1H], 3.78-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.00 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.68-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.52-1.42 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.47 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 73.68, 173.29, 142.95, 141.55, 128.45, 127.64, 126.79, 125.86, 109.17, 80.49, 60.43, 58.97, 45.28, 37.64, 35.07, 34.96, 33.52, 28.43, 14.04, 6.17, 4.79 ppm; EIMS m/z 406 (M⁺).

Example HX-2. (Chart H "H-7" where

R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₄ is 2-phenylethyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.43-7.10 (m, 10H), [4.73

(s), 4.71 (s), 1H], 3.90-3.81 (m, 2H), [3.03 (d, J=8.4 Hz), 2.96 (d, J=9.9 Hz), 1H], 2.64-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.26-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.66-1.50 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.21 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.56, 173.98, 142.81, 141.50, 128.86, 128.42, 127.37, 126.46, 125.99, 105.59, 99.61, 79.82, 78.55, 58.95, 57.75, 44.65, 39.08, 33.85, 30.22, 29.71, 13.93, 5.46, 4.65 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₅H₂₈O₄: 392.1987. Found: 392.1980.

CHART I CHART I describes a method for preparing tetronic acid derivatives of the general formula 1-5 (related to general formula K-2 where X of general formula 1-5 is equal to proton). This method is an improvement over the method described in Chart K when 5,5-disubstituted tetronic acids (figure "C-5" where R2 and R₃ do not equal proton) are used.

Aldol condensation of tetronic acid derivatives of general formula C-5 with an aromatic aldehyde (1-1) in the presence of an appropriate Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride provides the intermediate of general formula 1-2 which may be used directly in the subsequent step without purification. Conjugate addition with either a Grignard reagent (1-3) or trialkylaluminum reagent (1-4) in the presence of copper bromide provides me tetronic acid derivatives of general formula 1-5 and variable yields of the bis-addition product I- 10. In the cases where X is a nitro group, transfer hydrogenation of 1-5 provides the amine of general formula 1-6, a versatile synthetic intermediate which may be reacted with a commercially available or readily prepared sulfonyl chloride (1-7) to prepare sulfonamides of general structure 1-8. For the synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides see: Roblin, R.O.; Clapp, J.W. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4890; Gilbert, E.E. in Sulfonation and Related Reactions Olah, G.A., Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1965; Pala, G. Ed. Sci. 1958, 13, 461; Close, W.J.; Swett, L.R.; Brady, L.E.; Short, J. H.; Vemsten, M. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 1132; Langler, R.F. Can. J. Chem. 1976, 54, 498; Park, Y.J.; Shin, H.H.; Kin, Y.H. Chem. Lett. 1992, 1483; Kim D.; Ko, Y.K.; Kim, S.H. Synthesis, 1992, 1203. The amine 1-6 may also be reacted with chloroformates to prepare carbamates of general formula 1-9.

In addition to being an intermediate in the preparation of sulfonamides and carbamates, amine 1-6 can be condensed with carboxylic acids to prepare various amides. For the preparation of various amides please refer to two documents: WO 94/11361, published 26 May 1994, (International Application Number PCT/US93/100645, filed 9 November 1993) and WO 94/18188, published 18 August 1994, (International Application Number PCT/US93/00938), filed 3 February 1994), incorporated by reference herein. For the preparation of an amide of β-alanine see WO 94/11361, Chart M, formula M-6. Preparation of another amide of β-alanine, is in WO 94/18188, published 18 August 1994, Chart N, formula N-2 , see also, this same document, Chart R, formula R-6. For the preparation of an amide of 3-(l-indolyl)-proprionic acid of formula N-5 see WO 94/11361, Chart N. Also see WO 94/11361 for the preparation of other amides such as N-Boc-protected amino acids, β-amino acids and aryl carboxylic acids in Charts N and P, and examples 197-212 and 214-215. The amine 1-6 can also be reacted with an isocyanate to form a urea, see WO 94/18188, Chart S, preparation of examples 223 and 224, or with a thioisocyanate to form a compound of general formula V-2, same document, Chart V, preparation of examples 366 and 367.

Amine 1-6 may also be readily converted into a sulfonylurea by reaction with an appropriate sulfonyl chloride WO 94/18188, Chart DDD, examples 397-399.

Preparation EP-1. (Chart I, "I-2" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and X is 3-nitro).

To a solution of "C-5" (R₂ and R₃ are propyl, prepared according to the preparations provided in Chart C from 4-heptanone as starting ketone "C-1") (2.65 g, 14.39 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) was added 3-nitrobenzaldehyde (1-1 where X is nitro) (2.37 g, 15.7 mmol) followed by aluminum chloride (3.84 g, 28.8 mmol) and the resulting solution stirred at room temperature for 18h. The reaction mixture was slurried with sodium carbonate decahydrate ( 8.23 g, 28.8 mmol) followed by anhydrous sodium carbonate (3.05 g, 28.8 mmol) for 10 min and then filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting yellow oil was partially dissolved in 100 mL of ethyl acetate under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated in vacuo afforded the title compound (5.96 g, 130%) as a yellow viscous oil which was used without further purification: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.55 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.69 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.10 (m, 4H), 1.00-0.80 (m, 6H) ppm.

Preparation IP-2 and Example IX-1. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl, and X is 3-nitro) by the reaction of general structure 1-2 with a Grignard reagent (I-3).

To a stirred mixture of IP-1 (4.56 g, 14.39 mmol) and copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex (296 mg, 1.44 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) at -78 °C was added

cyclopropylmagnesium bromide (58 mL of a 0.5M solution in THF prepared by the reaction of magnesium metal with cyclopropyl bromide, 29 mmol). After 2 h -78 °C the reaction was judged incomplete and additional cyclopropylmagnesium bromide (43 mL of 0.5M solution in THF, 21.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was quenched after an additional 10 minutes at -78 °C with 5% glacial acetic acid in hexanes (40 mL) and allowed to warm to room temperature. The quenched reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 1.0N HCl. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (50%) afforded the title compound (3.2 g, 62%) as an amorphous solid: H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 10.52 (br, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 7-8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, 7-7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 1.71-1.55 (m, 5H), 1.17-1.09 (m, 4H), 0.84-0.77 (m, 6H), 0.70-0.44 (m, 2H), 0.27-0.08 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.87, 176.02, 148.15, 144.76, 133.85, 128.98, 122.51, 121.39, 104.18, 87.60, 43.37, 37.74, 16.07, 15.97, 13.88, 13.35, 6.04, 4.15 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₀H₂₅NO₅: 359.1733. Found: 359.1729.

Preparation IP-3 and Example IX-2. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is ethyl, and X is 3-nitro) by the reaction of general structure 1-2 with a trialkylaluminum reagent (1-4).

To a solution of IP-1 (171 mg, 0.54 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex (11 mg, 0.054 mmol) followed by triethylaluminum (1.35 ml of a l.OM solution in hexanes solution, 1.35 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between crushed ice in 1.0N HCl and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (50%) afforded the title compound (116 mg, 62%) as an amorphous solid: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.21-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.93 (m, 1H), 1,89-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.23-0.68 (m, 13H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 179.40, 176.50, 148.18, 145.86, 134.09, 129.05, 122.63, 121.36, 103.05, 87.58, 40.80, 37.88, 37.73, 25.06, 16.13, 13.88, 13.84, 12.61 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₁₉H₂₅NO₅: 347.1733. Found: 347.1737.

Example IX-3. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ are cyclohexyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.22 (m, 5H), 3.06 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 1.96-1.46 (m, 10 H), 1.38-1.15 (m, 1H), 0.64-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.19 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.63, 173.29, 141.95, 128.33, 128.12, 127.36, 126.28, 125.67, 102.40, 81.86, 43.23, 32.56, 24.15, 21.49, 13.57, 5.56, 3.85 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for

C_j9H₂₂O₃: 298.1569. Found: 298.1565.

Example IX-4. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

The title compound and Example IX-5 are prepared according to the procedures provided in Charts L, C, and I. The required starting ketone LP-3 (Chart L, "L-2" where Z7 is 2-phenylethyl) is reacted as described in Chart C to provide a mixture of diastereomers "C-3" (Chart C where R₂ and R₃ form a 2-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl ring) which are partially seperated by flash chromatography into two mixtures of isomers of unassigned stereochemistry. These two mixtures are then transformed independently according to Charts C and I to provide the title compound and Example IX-5.

Physical characteristics of IX-4 are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.41-6.98 (m, 10H), 2.99-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.68 (m, 10H), 1.32-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.01 (m, 4H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 179.70, 179.43, 144.00, 143.47, 130.53, 129.39, 129.26, 128.68, 127.27, 127.17, 126.87, 126.76, 105.81, 104.32, 86.13, 44.71, 44.46, 37.24, 37.01, 34.62, 31.51, 28.56, 26.04, 23.52, 17.84, 14.33, 7.35, 7.09, 4.90 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₇H₃₀O₃: 402.2195. Found: 402.2201.

Example IX-5. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.37-6.92 (m, 10H), 3.12-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.36 (m, 10H), 1.27-1.15 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.44 (m, 2H), 0.27-0.14 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.62, 175.03, 142.08, 128.53, 128.22, 127.67, 126.62, 125.67, 104.45, 43.78, 43.46, 39.72, 34.45, 33.22, 30.75, 27.37, 27.16, 25.18, 21.83, 14.15, 13.78, 13.59, 5.48, 5.11, 4.28 ppm.

Example IX-6. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2-(phenylmethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

The title compound and Example IX-7 were prepared as described for the preparation of IX-4 starting from commercially available 2-benzylcyclohexanone.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.48-7.06 (m, 10H), 2.99

(d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 2.72-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.23-1.45 (m, 9H), 1.41-1.06 (m 2H), 0.72-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.22 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.49, 174.03, 142.58, 139.80, 129.01, 128.51, 128.00, 127.40, 126.06, 125.67, 104.22, 84.48, 43.98, 41.92, 35.12, 34.48, 26.33, 25.01, 21.74, 13.78, 5.78, 3.92 ppm. Example IX-7. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2-(phenylmethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.47-7.12 (m, 10H), 3.14-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.22 (m, 10H), 0.78-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.32 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 77.14, 173.13, 141.68, 139.83, 129.04, 128.39, 128.07, 127.36, 126.48, 104.67, 84.64, 46.15, 43.07, 36.28, 35.36, 26.29, 24.44, 22.59, 13.65, 5.63, 3.78 ppm.

Example IX-8. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ are cycloheptyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.72-7.16 (m, 5H), 2.92 (d, 7-9.9 Hz, 1H), 2.05-1.55 (m, 13H), 0.68-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.27-0.17 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 179.57, 174.33, 142.57, 127.91, 127.27, 125.91, 101.12, 85.32, 43.39, 36.36, 28.29, 22.27, 13.44, 5.55, 3.86 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₀H₂₄O₃: 312.1725. Found: 312.1717.

Example IX-9. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ is ethyl, R₃ is phenylmethyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.32-7.01 (m, 10H), 3.24- 3.09 (m, 3H), 2.63-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.88 (m, 2H), [0.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.82-0.67 (m), 0.48 (d, 7-6.5 Hz), 9H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.51, 143.22, 142.88, 134.25, 133.73, 129.73, 129.38, 127.73, 127.60, 126.45, 125.51, 106.19, 85.15, 47.91, 41.69, 41.30, 29.32, 28.87, 28.16, 21.17, 20.59, 6.89, 6.57 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₃H₂₆O₃: 350.1882. Found: 350.1874.

Example IX-10. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ is ethyl, R₃ is phenylmethyl, Z₅ is ethyl and

X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.27-7.04 (m, 10H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.62 (m, 4H), [0.96-0.74 (m), 0.68 (t, 7-7.3 Hz), 0.62 (t, 7-7.3 Hz) 6H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.18, 175.06, 142.46, 142.29, 134.37, 130.46, 128.78, 128.13, 127.57, 126.99, 126.37, 105.93, 86.64, 41.76, 41.55, 41.14, 41.01, 28.90, 28.70, 25.14, 24.95, 12.31, 12.19, 7.31 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄O₃: 336.1725. Found: 336.1736.

Preparation IP-4 and Example IX-11. (Chart I "I-6" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is cyclopropyl).

To a solution of IP-2 (3.2 g, 8.9 mmol) in methanol (250 mL) at room temperature was added ammonium formate (11.23 g, 178 mmol) followed by 10% palladium on carbon (842 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred for 18h, filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1.0N HCl to a pH of 6 and reextracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo affording the title compound (2.83 g, 97%) as an amorphous brown solid which was used without further purification: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.11 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.77 (m, 2H), 6.58-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.05 (br, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.72-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.36-1.12 (m, 5H), 0.88-0.83 (m, 6H), 0.67-0.57 (m, 2H), 0.44-0.10 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.62, 174.39, 146.28, 143.15, 129.84, 118.00, 114.77, 114.14, 105.13, 85.82, 43.28, 38.11, 37.97, 16.01, 14.04, 13.74, 4.81, 4.20 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₀H₂₇NO₃: 329.1991. Found: 329.1987.

Preparation IP-5 and Example IX-12. The hydrochloride salt of Example IX- 11 (Chart I, "I-6" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is cyclopropyl).

The amine IP-4 (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in methanol saturated with anhydrous hydrochloric acid (5 mL) at and the resulting solution stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting white residue triturated in diethyl ether, filtered and dried in vacuo affording the tide compound (28 mg, 43%) as an off-white solid: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.37-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.04 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.83-1.65 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.10 (m, 4H), 0.93-0.84 (m, 6H), 0.69-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.22 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.18, 174.44, 145.62, 129.55, 129.40, 128.12, 121.88, 120.17, 103.88, 85.77, 43.61, 37.76, 37.58, 15.60, 13.52, 13.48, 13.21, 5.46, 3.99 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₀H₂₇NO₃: 329.1991. Found: 329.1988.

Example IX-13. (Chart I, "I-6" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is ethyl)

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.09 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79

(d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s,1H), 6.55 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (br,2H), 3.56 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.12 (m,1H), 1.89-1.69 (m,5H), 1.12-0.82 (m, 13H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.27, 175.04, 146.39, 143.86, 129.79, 117.87, 114.91, 113.92, 104.43, 85.98, 41.55, 38.09, 37.90, 25.30, 16.04, 14.19, 13.99, 12.53 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₁₉H₂₇NO₃: 317.1991. Found: 317.1981.

Preparation IP-6 and Example IX-14. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z6 is 4-cyanophenyl).

To a solution of IP-4 (130 mg, 0.39 mmol) in anhydrous methylene chloride (10 mL) was added 4-cyanobenzene sulphonylchloride (83 mg, 0.41 mmol) and pyridine (60 μL, 0.78 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h and then partitioned between methylene chloride and 1.0N HCl. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography eluting with methylene chloride/methanol (5%) afforded the title compound (103 mg, 53%) as an amorphous solid: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, 7-8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.85 m, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.84-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.44-1.02 (m,5H), 0.93-0.81 (m, 6H), 0.63-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.09 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.97, 174.52, 144.29, 143.25, 135.67, 132.40, 128.82, 127.56, 124.81, 120.93, 119.47, 117.04, 116.74, 104.42, 85.80, 43.65, 37.71..37.58, 15.67, 13.95, 5.56, 3.94 ppm; HRMS calcd for C₂₇H₃₀N₂O₅S: 494.1875. Found: 494.1880.

Example IX-15. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is phenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.82-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.487.43 (m, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.88 (m, 1H), 2.95 (d, 7-9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.82-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.28-0.98 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.70 (m, 6H), 0.56-0.36 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.00 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.44, 175.20, 143.92, 138.77, 136.44, 132.97, 129.21, 128.98, 127.24, 124.86, 120.98, 119.74, 86.58, 43.58, 37.89, 15.95, 13.97, 13.59, 5.49, 4.22 ppm; HRMS calcd for C₂6H₃ιN0₅S: 469.1923 Found:

469.1917.

Example IX-16. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 4-flourophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.78-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.08-6.98 (m, 4H), 6.88-6.86 (m, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.86-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.24-0.98 (m, 4H), 0.86-0.67 (m, 6H), 0.56-0.35 (m, 2H), 0.23-0.00 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.69, 175.34, 166.74, 163.35, 143.98, 136.15, 134.63, 130.04, 129.91,

129.11, 124.88, 120.87, 119.63, 116.21, 115.91, 104.62, 86.64, 43.49, 37.74, 15.83, 13.81, 13.77, 13.43, 5.42, 4.12 ppm; HRMS calcd for C₂₆H₃₀FN₁O₅S: 487.1829. Found: 487.1820.

Example IX-17. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H),

7.26 (s, 1H), 7.19-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.94-6.92 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.86 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.58 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.13 (m, 4H), 0.91-0.83 (m, 6H), 0.81-0.49 (m, 2H), 0.23-0.13 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.52, 174.21, 143.96, 138.90, 138.13, 136.53, 128.58, 125.30, 124.03,

120.12, 119.01, 104.57, 85.55, 43.76, 38.00, 37.74, 33.84, 15.85, 15.80, 13.81, 13.58, 5.87, 3.89 ppm.

Example IX-18. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 8-quinolinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.09-9.08 (m, 1H), 8.30 (br, 1H), 8.24 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.95-6.80 (m, 3H), 2.85 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.77-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.35-0.93 (m, 11H), 0.83-0.69 (m, 6H), 0.47-0.21 (m, 2H), 0.15-(-)0.2 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.38, 174.72, 151.41, 143.64, 142.98, 137.19, 136.85, 134.89, 133.77, 131.82, 129.03, 128.72, 125.63, 125.12, 122.44, 121.46, 120.22, 86.21, 43.27, 37.78, 15.92, 13.98, 13.56, 5.11, 4.02 ppm.

Example IX-19. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1 -naphthyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.70 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.06-6.72 (m,3H), 2.87 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.42-0.96 (m, 5H), 0.86-0.66 (m, 6H), 0.47-0.27 (m, 2H), 0.15-(-)0.2 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.42, 175.19, 143.69, 136.41, 134.60, 134.06, 133.86, 130.41, 129.03, 128.53, 128.09, 126.88, 124.63, 124.24, 124.01, 120.65, 119.42, 104.79, 86.54, 43.42, 37.73, 15.92, 13.93, 13.49, 5.32, 4.10 ppm.

Example IX-20. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is ethyl and Z₆ is phenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.77 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7,52-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.19-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.59 (m, 5H), 1.31-0.68 (m, 13H) ppm. ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.24, 175.39, 144.84, 138.68, 136.50, 132.99, 129.35, 128.97, 127.28, 124.95, 121.01, 119.64, 104.22, 86.45, 41.17, 37.79, 25.20, 16.01, 13.94, 12.55 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for

C₂₅H₃₁NO₅S: 457.1923. Found: 457.1931.

Example IX-21. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 2-methylpropyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

_Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.88-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.07 (m, 3H), 6.92 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72 t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.59 (m, 4H), 1.36-0.74 (m, 18H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.27, 174.44, 145.43, 143.14, 135.63, 132.32, 128.92, 127.56, 124.88, 120.91, 119.35, 116.98, 115.77, 103.70, 85.48, 40.89, 37.74, 37.52, 36.75, 25.64, 22.42, 21.64, 15.58, 15.52, 13.64 ppm; HRMS calcd for C₂₈H₃₄N₂O₅S: 510.2188. Found: 510.2171. Example IX-22. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 2-methylpropyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.45 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.07 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.44-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.26-0.74 (m, 17H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.22, 174.14, 145.23, 138.73, 138.08, 136.22, 128.75, 125.09, 123.97, 119.98, 118.66, 103.38, 85.16, 41.09, 37.92, 37.59, 36.72, 33.76, 25.70, 22.68, 21.51, 15.61, 13.69 ppm; HRMS calcd for C₂₅H₃₅N₃O₅S: 489.2297. Found: 489.2287.

Example IX-23. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31-6.95 (m, 4H), 3.10 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.62-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.13-0.56 (m, 16H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.59, 174.77, 145.26, 143.25, 135.80, 132.56, 129.17, 127.85, 125.60, 121.57, 119.92, 117.22, 115.97, 104.38, 85.82, 48.10, 38.10, 37.80, 28.68, 21.63, 21.28, 16.01, 15.69, 13.87 ppm.

Example IX-24. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 7-6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.08 (d, 7-11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.71-2.65 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.26-0.59 (m, 16H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.30, 174.38, 145.08, 139.02, 136.23, 129.11, 125.43, 124.65, 121.15, 119.38, 104.31, 85.40, 48.23, 38.32, 37.93, 34.00, 28.77, 21.81, 21.31, 16.05, 15.75, 13.96, 13.88 ppm.

Example IX-25. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H),

7.69 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.02 (m, 4H), 3.73 (br, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 1.76-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.26-1.02 (m, 4H), 0.86-0.76 (m, 15H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.43, 175.39, 143.33, 143.04, 136.17, 132.42, 128.24, 127.71, 123.79, 120.22, 117.12, 116.79, 103.62, 85.38, 51.29, 37.95, 37.77, 36.03, 28.68, 15.90, 15.76, 13.72 ppm.

Example IX-26. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.09 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 1H), 1.78-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.24-0.79 (m, 19H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.06, 176.30, 142.71, 138.77, 138.05, 135.54, 127.81, 126.78, 125.02, 122.72, 119.32, 103.36, 85.94, 51.29, 37.84, 37.66, 34.77, 33.57, 28.56, 15.67,13.54 ppm.

Example IX-27. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is phenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.4 (br s, 1H), 1.19-1.15 (m,

2H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.11-6.91 (m, 9H), 3.08-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.30-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.75 (m, 3H), [0.61 (d, J=6.5 Hz), 0.51-0.47 (m) and 0.42 (d, J=6.5 Hz) 6H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.5, 174.9, 144.8, 144.6, 138.6, 136.1, 134.2, 133.7, 133.0, 130.1, 129.8, 129.3, 129.0, 128.2, 127.8, 127.3, 126.9, 126.2, 121.3, 119.5, 105.9, 86.2, 47.8, 42.0, 37.8, 28.9, 21.3, 20.9, 16.3, 14.2, 14.0 ppm; MS (El) m/z 519; HRMS (El) calcd for C₃₀H₃₃NO₅S: 519.2079 Found: 519.2082.

Example IX-28. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.13-6.74 (m, 9H), 3.09-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.33-2.27 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.30-0.80 (m, 2H), [0.88 (t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.72 (m), 0.40 (d, J=6.6 Hz) and 0.21 (d, J=6.5 Hz) 9H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.9, 174.8, 173.9, 173.8, 145.1, 144.7, 143.4, 143.3, 135.7, 134.3. 133.6, 132.5, 130.0, 129.5, 129.2, 128.9, 128.0, 127.8, 127.5, 126.9, 126.8, 125.6, 125.5, 121.5, 121.4, 119.9, 117.2, 116.0, 116.0, 105.5, 105.4, 85.4, 47.8, 42.2, 41.7, 38.3, 37.7, 28.7, 28.5, 21.3, 21.2, 21.1, 21.0, 20.7, 16.2, 15.8, 14.0, 13.9, 13.8 ppm; MS (El) m/z 544; HRMS (El) calcd for C₃₁H₃₂N₂O₅S: 544.2032. Found: 544.2031.

Example IX-29. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 4-flourophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.15-1.69 (m, 2H), 7.15-6.80 (m, 11H), 3.10-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.38-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.72 (m, 2H), [1.20-1.0 (m), 0.87 (t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.72 (t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.45-0.42 (m) and 0.23 (d, J=6.5 Hz) 11H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.8, 173.7, 163.2, 144.8, 144.4, 135.8, 134.1, 133.4, 129.8, 129.7, 129.9, 129.3, 128.9, 128.8, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 124.9, 121.2, 119.4, 115.9, 115.6, 105.3, 85.2, 47.7, 42.0, 41.5, 38.1, 37.5, 28.5, 28.3, 21.1, 21.0, 20.5, 16.0, 15.6, 13.7, 13.6 ppm; MS (El) m/z 537.

Example IX-30. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.46 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11-5.69, (m, 9H), 3.64-3.59, (m, 3H), 3.07-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.73 (m, 2H), [1.30-1.05 (m), 0.88 (t, J=7.4 Hz), 0.75-0.71 (m), 0.51-0.44 (m) and 0.27 (d, J=6.4 Hz) 11H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 174.6, 173.6, 144.8, 144.5, 139.0, 136.1, 135.9, 134.5, 133.8, 130.0, 129.5, 129.3, 129.1, 128.0, 127.5, 126.8, 126.6, 125.4, 124.6, 124.4, 121.1, 119.3, 116.7, 105.4, 85.1, 85.0, 48.0, 42.3, 41.6, 38.4, 37.9, 33.9, 28.6, 21.5, 21.2, 20.9, 16.2, 15.9, 14.0, 13.8 ppm; MS (El) m/z 523; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₈H₃₃N₃O_5S:

523.2141. Found: 523.2151.

Example IX-31. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ is phenylmethyl, R₃ is propyl, Z₅ is 1-methylethyl and Z₆ is 8-quinolinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.13 (m, 1H), 8.31-8.22, (m, 2H), 7.97-7.94, (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.72 (m, 9H), 3.02-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.26-0.86 (m, 1H), [0.77 (t, 7-7.1 Hz), 0.66 (t, J=7.1 Hz), 0.55 (d, J=6.4 Hz), 0.29 (d, J=6.4 Hz) and 0.14 (d, J=6.4 Hz) 10H] ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.2, 174.5, 151.6, 144.5, 143.0, 137.0, 136.4, 136.3, 134.6, 134.1, 133.8, 133.7, 132.0, 130.0, 129.7, 129.0, 128.7, 128.0, 127.7, 126.8, 125.5, 122.5, 121.8, 121.6, 119.6, 105.6, 86.0, 85.9, 47.7, 41.9, 41.6, 38.1, 37.7, 28.8, 28.7, 21.3, 21.0, 20.9, 16.2, 16.0, 14.0, 13.9 ppm; MS (El) m/z 570.

Preparation IP-7 and Example IX-32. (Chart I, "I-9" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z5 is cyclopropyl).

To a solution of sodium bicarbonate (38 mg, 0.45 mmol) in THF/water (1:1) (2 mL) at room temperature was added IP-4 (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) followed by benzyl chloroformate (64 μL, 0.45 mmol) and the resulting solution stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between methylene chloride and saturated sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (50%) afforded the title compound (57 mg, 41%) as an amorphous solid : ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.16 (m, 7H), 7.04 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 5.15 (s,2H), 3.09 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.44 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.13 (m, 4H), 0.83 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6H), 0.64-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.16 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.81, 174.61, 153.48, 143.10, 137.77, 135.85, 129.12, 128.50, 128.25, 128.11, 122.97, 118.07, 117.14, 104.93, 86.10, 66.94, 43.43, 37.92, 37.81, 16.52, 15.90, 13.89, 13.62, 5.15, 4.05 ppm.

Example IX-33. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2- (ethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

The title compound and example IX-34 were prepared as described for the preparation of IX-4 starting from 2-ethylcyclohexanone which was prepared as described in Chart L.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.40-7.17 (m, 5H), 3.12- 3.08 (overlapping d, J=9.48 Hz, 1H), 1.84-1.50 (m, 8H), 1.25-1.21 (m, 3H), 1.00-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.79 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.59-0.52(m, 2H), 0.32-0.17 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 178.09 and 178.00, 175.38 and 175.33, 142.25 and 142.13, 128.44, 127.72, 126.54, 104.11, 85.72, 43.72 and 43.57, 41.60, 34.58, 29.69, 26.55 and 26.51, 25.22, 21.89, 21.67, 13.90 and 13.77, 11.62, 5.29 and 5.22, 4.26 ppm.

Example IX-34. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ together represent a 2-(ethyl)cyclohexyl ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.41-7.20 (m, 5H), 3.26-3.22 (overlapping d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 1.85-1.57 (m, 8H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 3H), 1.27-1.22 (m, 1H), 0.92-0.81 overlapping t, 3H), 0.62-0.54 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.30 (m, 1H), 0.22-0.17 (m, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.68, 174.02, 141.39 and 141.25, 128.71, 127.87, 127.74, 126.91, 104.77, 85.09, 45.27, 42.85, 35.93 and 35.75, 26.36, 24.80 and 24.66, 22.37, 21.62 and 21.05, 13.67, 11.89, 4.89, 4.12 ppm.

Example IX-35. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.31-6.97 (m, 4H), 3.05 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.63 (m, 5H), 1.39-1.08 (m, 6H), 0.88-0.83 (m, 7H), 0.57 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 0.24-0.16 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.7, 174.2, 159.0, 152.4, 143.6, 141.9, 135.5, 129.6, 125.7, 123.0, 121.7, 120.7, 115.1, 113.1, 104.8, 86.2, 43.5, 38.0, 16.1, 14.0, 13.7, 5.3, 4.2 ppm; MS (El) m/z 495.

Example IX-36. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z6 is 2-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃\CD₃OD) δ 7.36-6.85 (m, 7H), 3.90-3.39 (m, 2H),2.77-2.74 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 1.84-1.56 (m, 5H), 1.33-1.24 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.89 (m, 3H), 0.69-0.62 (m,1H), 0.55-0.48 (m,1H), 0.24-0.22 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃-CD₃OD) δ 170.1, 165.1, 141.7, 137.9, 135.8, 129.1, 124.7, 123.1, 120.7, 120.4, 87.5, 45.2, 37.6, 37.2, 20.9, 15.9, 15.8, 14.0, 13.7, 13.2, 6.3, 3.9 ppm; MS (El) m/z 459.

Example IX-37. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃/CD₃OD) δ 7.33-6.91 (m, 6H),

3.63 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.82 (d, J=5.7, 1H), 1.75-1.64 m, 5H), 1.29-1.05 (m, 5H), 0.94-0.81 (m, 6H), 0.57-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.17-0.15 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃/CD₃OD) δ 144.7, 142.1, 135.1, 129.1, 128.0, 125.6, 125.4, 122.0, 120.8, 104.3, 85.6, 44.1, 38.2, 32.0, 35.1, 15.9, 14.0, 13.8, 5.9, 4.3 ppm; MS (El) m/z 473. Preparation IP-8 and Example IX-38. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 2-quinolinyl).

The following preparation is a modification of the procedure reported by Roblin, R.O., Clapp, J.W. 7. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4890 for preparing heterocyclic sulfonyl chlorides.

To a solution of 2-quinolinethiol (387 mg, 2.4 mmol) was added 1 N HCl (20 mL) causing cloudiness. The mixture was cooled (0-5 °C) and chlorine gas was bubbled through the mixture for 10 minutes. Additional 1 N HCl was added (20 mL) and the solid collected by filtration. The solid was washed with ice cold water and dried briefly in vacuo. The resulting sulfonyl chloride was used without further purification or characterization.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃/CD₃OD) δ 8.4 (d, J=8.6, 1H),

8,2 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 7.9-7.8 (m, 3H), 7.7-7.6 (m, 1H), 7.3 (s, 1H), 7.1-7.0 (m, 3H), 2.8 (d, J=10.2, 1H), 1.7-1.5 (m, 5H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 4H), 0.9-0.8 (m, 6H), 0.5-0.4 (m, 2H), 0.1-0.05 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.1, 173.9, 155.8, 146.9, 143.3, 138.9, 136.4, 131.3, 129.6,

129.5, 129.2, 129.0, 127.9, 125.4, 121.6, 120.8, 118.6, 104.8, 85.8, 60.5, 43.2, 37.9, 21.1, 15.9, 14.2, 14.0, 13.6, 4.8, 4.0, ppm.

Example IX-39. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is benzyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.09 (m, 8H), 6.90 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.07-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.10-0.65 (m, 9H), 0.56-0.38 (m, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.9, 174.4, 145.4, 143.6, 139.9, 136.1, 132.8, 129.6, 128.9, 128.3, 127.9, 126.1, 125.2, 121.3, 119.7, 117.2, 116.3, 103.4, 85.9, 40.9, 38.2, 37.6, 15.8, 15.5, 13.9 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₃₁H₃₂N₂O₅S: 544.2032. Found: 544.2028.

Example IX-40. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is benzyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.44 (s, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.22-6.97 (m, 8H), 4.13-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.08-3.01 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.43 (m, 4H), 1.13-0.95 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.62 (m, 8H), 0.52-0.31 (m, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.4,

174.6, 144.9, 140.2, 139.2, 138.3, 136.8, 129.2, 128.9, 128.2, 125.9, 125.5, 124.1, 120.2, 119.2, 102.7, 85.8, 49.0, 40.8, 38.3, 37.6, 34.1, 15.8, 13.9 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₈H₃₃N₃O₅S:

523.2141. Found: 523.2152.

Example IX-41. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopentyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.17-6.95 (m, 4H), 4.07 (br, 1H), 3.24 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.76 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.29-0.95 (m, 6H), 0.83 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.74 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.2, 174.8, 145.6, 143.3, 135.7, 132.5, 129.0, 127.8, 125.5, 121.6, 119.9, 117.2, 115.8, 104.7, 95.7, 85.7, 46.9, 41.0, 38.0, 37.7, 31.9, 31.7, 25.2, 15.9, 15.7, 13.8 ppm; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂₉H₃₅N₂O₅S: 523.2267. Found: 523.2278.

Example IX-42. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopentyl and Z₆ is l-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.08 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97-6.95 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.27 (d, J=11.5 Hz,1H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.38-1.24 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.00 (m, 4H), 0.990.88 (m, 2H), 0.83 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.74 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.9, 174.4, 145.2, 138.9, 138.0, 136.1, 128.7, 125.3, 124.4, 120.6, 119.0, 104.6, 85.3, 45.9, 41.0, 38.0, 37.7, 33.8, 31.7, 25.1, 15.8, 15.6, 13.7 ppm; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₂6H₃₆N₃O₅S:

502.2376. Found: 502.2361.

Example IX-43. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are benzyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.79 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.10 (m, 10H), 6.86-6.77 (m, 3H), 6.04 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (br, 1H), 3.19-3.13 (m, 4H), 2.37 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 1.01-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.36-0.23 (m, 1H), -0.02-(-)0.20 ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.5, 143.7, 143.6, 135.5, 134.3, 132.6, 130.1, 128.9, 128.2, 128.0, 127.7, 126.9, 124.6, 120.7, 119.3, 117.3, 115.9, 106.2, 85.6, 43.1, 42.1, 41.9, 13.2, 5.7, 3.5 ppm; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₃₅H₃₁N₂O₅S: 591.1954. Found: 591.1946.

Example IX-44. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are benzyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 4-fluorophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.73-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.21- 7.12 (m, 10H), 7.05 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.03 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (br, 1H), 3.23-3.13 (m, 4H), 2.36 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 1.07-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.26 (m, 1H), -0.04-(-)0.18 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.3, 166.4, 163.0, 143.3, 135.7, 135.0, 134.1, 129.8, 129.6, 129.4, 128.6, 127.9, 126.6, 124.0, 120.2, 118.8, 115.9, 115.6, 106.0, 85.3, 42.9, 41.8, 41.7, 13.0, 5.5, 3.2 ppm; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₃₄H₃₁NO₅S: 584.1907. Found: 584.1897.

Example IX-45. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are benzyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.07 (m, 13H), 6.98-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.11-6.03 (m, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.08-1.05 (m, 1H), 0.37-0.29 (m, 1H), -0.05-(-)0.12 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 173.7, 173.2, 144.1, 143.1, 142.9,

138.7, 138.0, 135.8, 135.6, 134.2, 129.8, 128.8, 128.5, 127.8, 126.6, 124.9, 124.1, 123.8, 123.6,

119.8, 119.0, 118.4, 117.8, 117.5, 115.6, 106.1, 105.9, 85.3, 43.0, 41.8, 33.6, 13.1, 5.6, 3.2 ppm.

Example IX-46. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are benzyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 8-quinolinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.08 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.07 (m, 11H), 6.73-6.65 (m, 3H), 5.90 (br, 1H), 3.51 (br, 1H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.23 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 0.93-0.77 (m, 1H), 0.16-0.04 (m, 1H), -0.13-(-)0.30 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 172.9, 151.0, 143.0, 142.7, 136.8, 135.6, 134.6, 134.1, 133.4, 131.4, 129.8, 128.4, 127.8, 126.5, 125.2, 124.2, 122.1, 120.7, 119.2, 105.6, 85.0, 42.7, 41.8, 41.6, 13.7, 13.0, 5.3, 2.9 ppm; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C₃₇H₃₃N₂O₅S: 617.2110. Found: 617.2120.

Example IX-47. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is phenyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.74 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H),

7.61-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.15 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.88 (m, 5H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 1.75-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.06 (m,4H), 0.88-0.81 (m, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.9, 173.8, 142.9, 142.2, 139.9, 136.3, 132.7, 129.8, 129.2, 128.3, 127.9, 127.7, 126.0, 125.4, 122.0, 120.7, 117.3, 116.4, 103.3, 86.5, 45.1, 38.1, 37.9, 16.3, 16.1, 14.1 ppm; EIMS m/z 530.

Example IX-48. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is phenyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (Acetone-d₆) δ 7.54 (d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.07 (m, 8H), 6.93-6.90 (m, 1H), 5.61 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br, 1H), 1.80-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.29-1.10 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.80 (m, 6H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (Acetone-d₆) δ 176.9, 173.2, 143.9, 142.9, 140.3, 139.7, 139.1, 129.8, 129.3, 128.8, 127.1, 126.4, 125.0, 121.0, 118.9, 105.1, 85.7, 45.4, 39.0, 34.1, 16.9, 14.3 ppm; EIMS m/z 509.

Example IX-49. (Chart I, derived from I- 10, the product of bis-addition where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is cyclopentyl. This nitro compound was then subjected to the same synthetic sequence as 1-5 to prepare the sulfonamide where Z₆ is 4-cyano-phenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.81 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H),

7.70 (d, 7-8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.39 (d, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.89-0.73 (m, 30H) ppm; EIMS m/z 590.

Example IX-50. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl). Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.58-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.32-7.12 (m, 4H), 3.05 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.85-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.03 (m, 4H), 0.93-0.75 (m, 6H), 0.65-0.44 (m, 2H), 0.27-0.07 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.8, 174.9, 154.2, 144.2, 134.1, 132.9, 131.3, 129.5, 127.0, 125.5, 123.6, 122.3, 104.3, 86.5, 43.5, 38.0, 29.7, 16.0, 14.0, 13.6, 5.5, 4.2 ppm; EIMS m/z 537.

Example IX-51. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 2-benzimidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃3/CD₃OD) δ 7.48-6.7 (m, 8H), 2.75 (d, J=10.1, 1H), 19.1-1.40 (m, 6H), 1.16-0.89 (m, 5H), 0.75-0.59 (m, 7H), 0.33-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.16-0.12 (m, 2H) ppm; HRMS (El) Calcd for C₂₇H₃₁N₃O₅ S: 509.1984. Found:

509.1979.

Example IX-52. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 2-pyridinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 7-4.3, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=7.8, 1H), 7.77-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.04 (s, 3H), 2.91 (d, J=9.6, 1H), 1.69 (bs, 4H), 1.47(bs, 1H), 1.23-1.03 (m, 5H), 0.83-0.76 (m, 7H), 0.45-0.43 (d, J=7.1, 2H), 0.13 (s, 1H), 0.05 (S, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.6, 175.2, 155.8, 149.9, 144.0, 138.3, 136.1, 129.1, 127.2, 125.0, 123.4, 121.5, 120.3, 104.8, 85.5, 60.6, 43.6, 37.9, 37.8, 21.1, 16.0, 14.2, 14.0, 13.6, 5.7, 4.2 ppm; EIMS m/z 470.

Example IX-53. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ is 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CD₃CN) δ 8.13 (br, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.08-6.96 (m, 13H), 6.82 (br, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s, 1H), 3.24-3.03 (m, 4H), 0.43 (s, 9H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CD₃OD) δ 176.4, 175.1, 143.7, 141.0, 139.9, 137.7, 135.6, 135.5, 131.2, 131.0, 128.9, 128.0, 127.8, 127.5, 127.0, 123.8, 119.8, 106.6, 86.7, 52.8, 43.1, 42.9, 35.8, 34.2, 29.2 ppm; EIMS m/z 585.

Example IX-54. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.81 (d, 7-8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.14-6.81 (m, 14H), 4.28 (br, 1H), 3.17-3.07 (m, 4H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 0.34 (s, 9H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.1, 174.7, 143.3, 142.3, 134.9, 133.9, 133.5, 132.4, 130.0, 129.8, 129.5, 128.0, 127.8, 127.7, 127.5, 126.8, 124.3, 123.5, 119.9, 117.1, 115.7, 105.5, 85.4, 50.8, 41.9, 41.5, 34.4, 28.0 ppm; EIMS m/z 606.

Example IX-55. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 2-pyrimidinyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃-CD₃OD) δ 8.89 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.08 (m, 3H), 2.82 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 5H), 1.38-1.02 (m, 4H), 0.91-0.82 (m, 7H), 0.60-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.19-0.15 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃-CD₃OD) δ 175.7, 174.5, 164.8, 158.4, 144.1, 135.9, 128.7, 124.4, 123.2, 121.0, 119.5, 104.6, 85.6, 43.9, 37.9, 37.7, 29.4, 22.4, 15.8, 13.7, 13.7, 13.4, 7.2, 5.8, 3.9 ppm; EIMS m/z All.

Example IX-56. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is proton and Z₆ is 4-cyanophenyl).

Reduction of aldol product of general structure 1-2 (where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is 3-nitro) provides the amine of general structure 1-6 (where R₂ and R₃ are propyl and Z₅ is proton) which further reacts with 4-cyanobenzene sulfonyl chloride to provide the title compound.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.81 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7,68 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 10H), 6.84-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 5.86 (d, 7-6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (br, 2H), 3.16 (s, 4H), 2.98 (s, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.4, 174.5, 143.5, 139.7, 135.5, 134.2, 132.5, 129.9, 129.0, 127.8, 127.4, 126.7, 124.1, 121.1, 118.5, 117.1, 115.7, 100.9, 85.9, 41.7, 25.8 ppm; EIMS m/z 550.

Example IX-57. (Chart I, "I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ is 1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.31-7.02 (m, 4H), 4.26 (br, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 2.87 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.55 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.11 (m, 4H), 0.91-0.84 (m, 6H), 0.66-0.49 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.16 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 176.4, 174.6, 154.1, 144.9, 134.1, 129.1, 126.4, 123.1, 121.7, 104.3, 85.9, 43.8, 37.9, 35.8, 15.9, 13.9, 13.3, 5.9, 4.1 ppm.

Example IX-58. (Chart I, "I-5" where R₂ and R₃ form a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl substituted 6-membered azaspirocyclic ring, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and X is proton).

The title compound was prepared using the product of preparation PP-3 as the starting tetronic acid intermediate of general structure C-5 (Chart I).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H),

7.50 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.16 (m, 9H), 4.39-4.02 (overlapping m's, 5H), 3.13-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.03-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.43 (m, 3H), 0.63-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.17 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR

(CDCl₃) δ 176.31, 172.93, 155.19, 143.71, 141.68, 141.29, 128.56, 127.78, 127.59, 127.06, 126.76, 124.81, 120.04, 103.68, 79.95, 67.59, 60.57, 47.20, 43.52, 40.09, 32.34, 14.13, 13.67, 5.47, 4.38; Anal calcd for C₃₃H₃₁NO₅.0.2 H₂0: C,H,N.

Following procedures described herein and using starting materials and reagents readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis, the following additional compounds of the present invention are prepared:

"I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ are 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl the heteroaromatics,

2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-[3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyDphenyl)-,

2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

1 H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

"I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₆ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-, 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

1 H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

"I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ are phenyl, 4- cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)- ,

5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimetfιyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-1l-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-fiιranyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

"I-8" where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₆ are phenyl, 4- cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

Benzenesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimedιyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-, 4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-3-( 1 -(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-.

CHART J

Chart J describes the synthesis of tetronic acids of general formula J-1 by way of demethylation of the alkene derivative of general formula G-4.

Example IX-1. (Chart J "J-1" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₂ is 2- phenylethyl).

Following the general procedure described in preparation GP-6 the title compound was isolated as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42-7.18 (m, 10H), 5.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.62 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 1H), 0.69-0.61 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.49 (m, 1h), 0.26-0.23 (M, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 169.28, 160.71, 143.20, 140.82, 140.36, 129.17, 128.45, 127.86, 127.51, 126.15, 109.15, 106.33, 43.59, 34.99, 27.27, 13.88, 4.56, 4.37, ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₃H₂₂O₃: 346.1569. Found: 346.1563.

Example IX-2. (Chart J "J-1" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₂ is phenyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: mp 166-7 °C; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.72 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.37-7.21 (m, 6H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3,27 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.65-1.61 (m, 1H), 0.68-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.27 (m,2H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 169.91, 162.81, 142.46, 141.23, 132.60, 130.13, 128.43, 127.57, 126.63, 107.03, 105.49, 43.82, 13.70, 4.96, 4.34 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₂₁H₁₈O₃: 318.1256. Found: 318.1249.

Example IX-3. (Chart J "J-1" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₂ is ediyl).

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.42 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.51 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (quintet, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.59-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.05 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.64-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.20 (m, 2H) ppm; ¹³C

NMR (CDCl₃) δ 170.52, 161.58, 142.77, 141.38, 128.73, 127.80, 126.98, 112.75, 106.39, 43.97, 19.22, 13.82, 13.48, 5.07, 4.60 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₁₇H_j8O₃: 270.1256. Found: 270.1247.

Example JX-4. (Chart J "J-1" where R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl and Z₂ is propyl) Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.43-7.23 (m, 5H), 5.47 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.26 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.53-1.41 (m, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.69-0.59 (m, 2H), 0.44-0.41 (m, 1H), 0.26-0.23 (m, 1H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 170.25, 161.31, 143.12, 141.27, 128.94, 127.86, 127.21, 110.69, 106.44, 43.85, 27.65, 22.25, 13.90, 13.79, 4.78, 4.60 ppm; HRMS (El) calcd for C₁₈H₂₀O₃: 284.1412. Found: 284.1419.

CHART K

Chart K describes the reaction of tetronic acids of general formula C-5 with benzylic or tertiary alcohols (K-1) in the presence of Lewis acids to afford 3-substituted analogs of general structure K-2.

Preparation KP-1 and Example KX-1. (See Chart K, figure "K-2" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclopentyl ring and R₁ is cyclopropylphenylmethyl.) l-Oxaspiro<4.4>non-3-en-2-one,-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-.

The procedure described in Preparation AP-1 is followed. 78 mg of the title compound from Preparation CP-7 (Chart C, figure "C-5") are dissolved in 5 ml of 4A molecular sieve-dried dioxane. 144 mg of α-cyclopropylbenzyl alcohol (K-l) and 0.4 ml of BF₃-Et₂O are added. The reaction is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature under argon. The reaction is quenched by the addition of 1 ml of water, and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The residue is treated with H₂O and extracted three times with CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous phase is made acidic with 1N HCl and extracted 3 times with CH₂Cl₂, which is dried over MgS0₄. The CH₂Cl₂ is removed under reduced pressure, and the desired product is obtained by flash chromatography using 28% EtOAc\70%hexane\2% HOAc as eluant. The title product is further purified by recrystallization from EtOAcNhexane to yield 30 mg of a white solid.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.15-0.30(m,1H), 0.31-0.40(m,1H), 0.53-0.78(m,2H), 1.23-1.44(m,1H), 1.58-2.04(m,8H), 3.40-3.42(m,1H), 7.25-7.40(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 284 (M).

Following procedures described herein and using starting materials and reagents readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis, the following additional compounds of me present invention are prepared:

Example KX-2. (See Chart K, "K-2" where R₂ and R₃ form a cyclooctyl ring and R₁ is, cyclopropylphenylmethyl.)

1-Oxaspiro<4.7>dodec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-.

Physical characteristics are as follows:

1H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.15-0.38(m,2H), 0.50-0.78(m,2H), 1.33-1.98(m,15H), 3.39-3.49(m,1H), 7.26-7.40(m,5H).

EIMS m/z 326 (M).

Example KX-3. (See Chart K, "K-2" where R₂ is 2-phenylethyl and R₃ is methyl.) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3- cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-. Physical characteristics are as follows:

¹H-NMR(CD₃OD) δ 0.19-0.22(m,2H), 0.55-0.65(m,2H), 1.48-1.50(t,2H), l/72-1.81(m,1H), 2.06-2.10(m,2H), 2.28-2.53(m,2H), 2.92(d,1H), 7.07-7.45(m,10H).

HRMS calculated for C₂₃H₂₄O₃: 349.1804, found 349.1816.

CHART L

CHART L describes a method of preparation of α-functionalized ketones. Condensation of a ketone L-l with N,N-dimethylhydrazine affords the N,N-dimethylhydrazone L-2.

Metallation with butyl lithium or LDA and reaction with an appropriate electrophile such as an alkyl bromide affords the α-substituted hydrazone which after hydrolysis affords the requisite ketone.

Preparation LP-1. (Chart L "L-2").

The title compound was prepared by a modification of the literature procedure (Corey, E.J.; Enders, D. Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1337).

To a mixture of cyclohexanone (L-1, 10.0 g, 0.1 mol) and 4-toluenesulfonic acid (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (250 ml) was added 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (18.03 g, 0.3 mol). After heating at reflux with azeotropic removal of water for 16 h, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Vacuum distillation afforded the title compound (10.46 g, 75%) as an oil; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.53-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 6H), 2.26-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.63 (m, 6H) ppm.

Preparation LP-2. (Chart L "L-3" where Z₇ is 2-phenylethyl).

To a solution of LDA (20 mL of a 1.5 M solution of the mono tetrahydrofuran complex in cyclohexane, 30 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL) at -78 °C was slowly added a solution of the N,N-dimethylhydrazone L-2 (3.5 g, 25.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL). After stirring at -78 °C for 5 min and at 0-5 °C for 30 min, (2-bromoethyl)benzene (13.8 g, 75 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (920 mg, 2.5 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional hour at 0-5 °C then at ambient temperature for 16 h. The mixture was made acidic (pH ca. 3) with 1N HCl and stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature to effect hydrolysis of the hydrazone. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer washed with 0.25 N HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Flash

chromatography of the residue with hexane/ethyl acetate (2%) as eluant afforded the title compound (4.04g, 80%) as an oil; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 3H), 2.62 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.37-2.01 (m, 6H), 1.85-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.38 (m, 4H) ppm; EIMS m/z 202 (M⁺).

Chart M Chart M describes the preparation of N-methylsulfonamides of general structure M-3. Reductive alkylation of amine (1-6) with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen and palladium on carbon as catalyst provides the N-methyl analog of structure M-1. Reaction with a sulfonyl chloride (M-2) as described in preparation IP-6 provides the target compounds of general structure M-3. Following procedures analogous to those described above and using starting materials and reagents readily known and available to one of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis, the following additional compounds of the present invention are prepared:

M-3 where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₈ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2- quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-tiιiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

N-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hyαϊoxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyD-methyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

4-Cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

1 -Methyl- 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-

3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1 H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4~hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyD-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyD-methyl-amide, M-3 where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₈ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

1 -Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(l -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(l -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

M-3 where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₅ is cyclopropyl and Z₈ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2- quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-miazolyl, 6-purinyl,

N-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

4-Cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- methyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide, 1 -Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5 ,5 -dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyn)-methyl-amide,

Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1 H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

M-3 where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl, Z5 is 1,1-dimethylemyl and Z₈ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-Uιiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

N-(3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

1 -Methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-( 1 -(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide.

Chart N

Chart N describes the synthesis of sulfones of the general structure N-10. Aldehyde N-l

(Baillargeon, V.P.; Stelle, J.K. 7. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 705, 7175) is protected as its tertbutyldiphenylsilyl ether (N-2) under standard conditions (Hanessian, S.; Lavallee, P. Can. 7. Chem. 1975, 53, 2975). Aldol condensation with the tetronic acid C-5 and subsequent conjugate addition with the Grignard reagent N-4 by the general procedures provided by preparations IP-1 and IP-2 provides the tetronic acid of general formula N-5. Removal of the silyl ether under standard conditions and conversion to the bromide provides the halide N-7. Displacement of the halide with a thiol (N-8) provides analogs of general structure N-9. Oxidation of the sulfide with oxone or other suitable oxidants affords the requisite sulfones of structure N-10.

N-10 where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₉ is cyclopropyl and Z₁₀ are phenyl, 4- cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

3-((3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H- furan-2-one,

4-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

6-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-((3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

N-10 where R₂ and R₃ are propyl, Z₉ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₁₀ are phenyl, 4- cyanophenyl, 1 -methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

3-(1-(3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H- furan-2-one,

4-(3-(1-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl- 1 -(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5 ,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

6-(3-(1-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one, 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-( 1 -(3-( 1 H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

4-Hydroxy-3-(1-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

N-10 where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl, Z₉ is cyclopropyl and Z₁₀ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 1-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

3-((3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

4-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

5 ,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)- methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

6-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

3-((3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

N-10 where R₂ and R₃ are phenylmethyl, Z₉ is 1,1-dimethylethyl and Z₁₀ are phenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, l-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-pyridinyl, 5-cyano-2-pyridinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 6-purinyl,

3-(1-(3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

4-(3-(1-(5,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl- 1 -(3-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

6-(3-(1-(5,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

3-(1-(3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(miazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

5 ,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl- 1 -(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one.

CHART O

Chart O describes a method for preparing aza-spirocyclic tetronic acids of general formula 0-6 and 0-8. Reaction of the anion of tetronic acids of general formula A-4 with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-tert-butyl carbamate (0-1, Evans, B.E.; Leighton, J.L.; Rittle, K.E.; Gilbert, K.F., Lundell, G.F.; Gould, N.P.; Hobbs, D.W.; DiPardo, R.M., Veber, D.F.; Pettibone, D.J.; Clineschmidt, B.V.; Anderson, P.S.; Freidinger, R.M. 7. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 3919) provides the monoalkylated product of formula 0-2. This intermediate further reacts with bases such as LDA at low temperature to provide me cycloadduct of general formula 0-3. Removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group with acid will provide the amine 0-4 which may be alkylated with an alkyl halide such as 0-5 or alkylated with an aldehyde of general structure O- 7 under reductive conditions to provide tetronic acids of general structures 0-6 and 0-8, respectively.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF CHART O

Preparation OP-1. (Chart O, "0-2" where R₁ is cyclopropylmethylphenyl).

To a cooled solution (-10 °C) of AP-1 (500 mg, 2.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 ml) was added LDA (3.2 mL of a 1.5 M solution of the mono tetrahydrofuran complex in cyclohexane, 4.8 mmol). After stirring at -10 °C for 25 minutes, a solution of O-1 (1.58 g, 6.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added slowly followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (81 mg, 0.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 0-5 °C, made slightly acidic with aqueous ammonium chloride and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with 0.25 N HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using methylene chloride/methanol (1%) as eluant to afford the title compound (361 mg, 38%) as an oil. ^~B NMR (CDCl₃/CD₃OD) δ 7.47-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.59-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 0.61-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.27- 0.20 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.08, 173.84, 157.49, 143.40, 128.45, 128.24, 126.44, 104.45, 83.18, 73.96, 49.47, 46.09, 44.95, 41.38, 33.96, 28.27, 13.93, 5.52, 4.37; EIMS m/z 435

(M⁺).

Preparation OP-2 and Example OX-1. (Chart O, "0-3" where R₁ is

cyclopropylmethylphenyl) .

To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of OP-1 (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added LDA (153 μL of a 1.5 M solution of the mono tetrahydrofuran complex in cyclohexane, 0.23 mmol). The solution was stirred at -78 °C for 3 hours and quenched with a solution of 10% acetic acid in hexane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.25 N HCl. The organic layer was separated, washed with 0.25 N HCl and brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using methylene chloride/methanol (0-1%) as eluant to afford the title compound (5 mg, 14%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.07-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.02 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.37 (m, 11H), 0.63-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.24-0.16 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 177.01, 173.58, 154.87, 142.08, 128.77, 128.40, 126.55, 103.59, 80.45, 80.39, 65.87, 39.68, 33.09, 28.41, 15.19, 13.68, 6.48, 4.38; EIMS m/z 399 (M⁺).

Preparation OP-3 and Example OX-2. (Chart O, "O-4" where R₁ is

cyclopropylphenylmethyl).

To a cooled (0-5 °C) solution of 70% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added OX-1 (12 mg, 0.03 mmol). After 90 minutes at 0-5 °C, the solution was diluted with water (3 mL) and 4-toluenesulfonic acid (5.7 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue washed with ethyl ether to provide the title compound (11 mg, 78%) as a hygroscopic powder.

Physical characteristics are as follows: ¹Η NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10-6.96 (m, 5H), 3.31-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.78 (d,

J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.24-2.09 (m, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.54 (m, 3H), 0.51-0.33 (m, 2H), 0.11-(-)0.01 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 175.77, 172.57, 142.85, 141.65, 140.19, 129.37, 128.31, 127.71, 126.42, 125.67, 104.37, 77.46, 44.65, 41.09, 29.71, 29.17, 21.36, 13.75, 5.71, 4.72; EIMS m/z 299.

CHART P

Chart P describes another method of preparing aza-spirocyclic tetronic acids.

Condensation of the lithium anion of commercially available ethyl propriolate (C-2) with commercially available or readily prepared (Baty, J.D.; Jones, G.; Moore, C. 7. Chem. Soc. (C) 1967, 2645; Stork, G.; Mcelvain, S.M. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 1053) substituted piperidones of general structure P-1 provides the hydroxy ester of general formula P-2. Sodium methoxide cyclization provides the intermediate P-3 which is subsequently deprotected to provide the aza-spirocyclic tetronic acid of general structure P-4. The 3-position would then be introduced according to chart I by substituting general structure P-4 for intermediate C-5.

Preparation PP-1. (Chart P, "P-2" where Z₁₃ is proton and Z₁₄ is carbethoxy) To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of ethyl propriolate (608 mg, 6.2 mmol) in anhydrous

THF (15 mL) was slowly added butyllithium (3.8 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes, 6.1 mmol). After stirring the solution for 10 minutes at -78 °C, 1-carbethoxy-4-piperidone (1.03 g, 6.0 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred for 3h at -78 °C and quenched by the addition of a 10% solution of acetic acid in hexane (2 mL). The solution was partially concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.25 N aqueous HCl. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using hexane/ethyl acetate (5-40%) as eluent afforded the product (1.5 g, 90%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.12 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.76-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 155.33, 153.26, 88.86, 75.99, 65.86, 62.03, 61.50, 40.10, 37.68, 13.98, 13.44; EIMS m/z 269.

Preparation PP-2. (Chart P, "P-3" where Z₁₃ is proton and Z₁₄ is carbmethoxy)

To a 25 wt% solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (20 mL) at ambient temperature was added me product of preparation PP-1 (1.5 g, 5.6 mmol). After 24 h the mixture was cooled (0-5 °C), quenched by the addition of water (10 mL) and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.25 N aqueous HCl. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using methylene chloride/methanol (0-2%) as eluent afforded the product (840 mg, 62%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 5.06 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.56 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 184.39, 170.88, 155.40, 87.30, 81.25, 59.42, 52.41, 39.64, 32.21; EIMS m/z 241.

Preparation PP-3. (Chart P, "P-4" where Z₁₃ is proton and Z₁₄ is 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)

The product of PP-2 (840 mg, 3.5 mmol) was heated at 45 °C in 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid (20 mL) for 48 h. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the crude hydrobromide salt was dissolved in 50% aqueous dioxane (10 mL) and the pH adjusted to neutral with Na₂CO₃ (ca. 1 g). The solution was cooled (0-5 °C) and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (854 mg, 3.3 mmol) was added followed by Na₂CO₃ (318 mg, 3 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirring continued overnight. The aqueous solution was made acidic with 1N aqueous HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 0.25 N aqueous HCl, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography of the residue using methylene chloride/methanol (0-5%) as eluent afforded the product (900 mg, 66%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.41-7.26 (m, 4H), 5.00 (s, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 4.25-3.98 (overlapping m's, 3H), 3.28-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.53 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 184.69, 174.73, 155.34, 146.58, 141.29, 127.82, 127.09, 124.76, 120:06, 88.00, 82.39, 67.67, 47.17, 40.12, 32.05.

DESCRIPTION BY INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE The compounds of this invention may be prepared according to the procedures described in the CHARTS, by reference to general procedures, by reference to the examples provided and by using variations of procedures that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition to these procedures additional compounds may be prepared by one ordinarily skilled in me art using obvious variations and adaptations from compounds described in the following two documents: WO 94/11361, published 26 May 199 (International Application Number

PCT/US93/10645, filed 11/8/93) and WO 94/18188, published 18 August 1994 (International Application Number PCT/US94/00938, filed 2/03/94) and all priority cases found therein.

CHARTS

The CHARTS referred to above appear below. The CHARTS are followed by a Tables of Names and Structures. The structures in the CHARTS provide general descriptions of reaction schemes and are not intended to limit the procedures to describe only those compounds shown. The aromatic structures in me figures have a double zero placed within the aromatic ring to emphasize the fact that the structure is not only benzene but any suitable aromatic group, including obvious substitutions, such as those provided in the definition section for aryl, heteroaryl and the like. The structures in the Table of Structures are made with typical two dimensional chemical figures.

TABLE I

Names of Compounds

AP-1 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

BX- 1 5H-Furan-2-one, 5-benzyl-3-cyclopropylphenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-,

BX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 3(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-,

BX-3 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-, . BX-4 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propyl-,

BX-5 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, BX-6 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenyl-2- propenyl)-,

BX-7 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-3- -phenyl-2-propenyl)-,

BX-8 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-3- -phenylpropyl)-,

BX-9 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-(1- phenylpropyl)-,

BX-10 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-, BX-11 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-butyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

BX-12 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydτoxy-5,5-dipropyl-,

BX-13 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-, BX-14 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-,

BX-15 2(5H)-Furanone, 5,5-dibutyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

BX-16 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-,

CX- 1 1-Oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, CX-2 1-Oxaspiro[4.7]dodec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, CX-3 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(2- phenylethyl)-,

DX-1 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-propyl-,

DX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-,

DX-3 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-,

DX-4 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-, DX-5 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-bis(phenylmethyl)-, DX-6 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propyl-5-(3- -pyridinylmethyl)-,

DX-7 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-,

DX-8 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-5-propyl-,

DX-9 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-bis(2-phenylethyl)-, DX-10 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-11 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX- 12 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-butyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-13 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-bis(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-14 2(5H)-Furanone,

5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-15 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-(3- -phenylpropyl)-,

DX-16 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-,

DX-17 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-5-(3- -phenylpropyl)-,

DX-18 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-19 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-methylpropyl)- -5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-20 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-methylpropyl)-5- -(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX- 1 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(1,2-diphenylethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(diphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX-3 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-(l-phenyl-2-propenyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-, FX-4 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-, FX-5 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-5- (3-phenylpropyl)-,

GX-1 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-(2-phenylethyl)pentyl)-,

GX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-(2-phenylethyl)pentyl)-,

GX-3 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)-,

GX-4 2(5H)-Furanone,

3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-(1,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-,

GX-5 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-(1-ethylpentyl)-4-hydroxy-, GX-6 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-phenylpropyl)-, GX-7 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-phenylbutyl)-, GX-8 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-(1-ethylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-,

HX-1 2-Furanpropanoic acid, 4-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-2,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5- -oxo-.beta.-(2-phenylethyl)-, methyl ester,

HX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)- -3-phenylpropyl)-,

IX- 1 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropyl(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-,

IX-2 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-(1-(3-nitrophenyl)propyl)-5,5-dipropyl-,

IX-3 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, IX-4 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- -6-(2-phenylethyl)-,

IX-5 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- -6-(2-phenylethyl)-,

IX-6 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- -6-(2-phenylmethyl)-,

IX-7 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6- -(2-phenylmethyl)-,

IX-8 1-Oxaspiro[4.6]undec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, IX-9 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl)-5-(phenylmethyl)-,

IX- 10 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-, IX-11 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-((3-aminophenyl)cyclopropylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-, IX-12 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-((3-aminophenyl)cyclopropylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-hydrochloride,

IX-13 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(1-(3-aminophenyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-,

IX-14 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy- -2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX- 15 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX- 16 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-,

IX- 17 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-18 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX- 19 1-Naphthalenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-20 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- -3-furanyl)propyl)phenyl)-,

IX-21 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-3-methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-22 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-3-methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1- methyl-,

IX-23 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-24 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1- methyl-,

IX-25 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-26 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1- methyl-,

IX-27 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5- -(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-28 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5- -(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-29 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)- -5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-,

IX-30 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-31 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-32 Carbamic acid, (3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- -5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-, phenylmethyl ester,

IX-33 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6-ethyl-, IX-34 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6-ethyl-, IX-35 5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-36 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-37 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-38 2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-39 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- -2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2-phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-40 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide,

N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2-phenyl-ethyl)- phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-41 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-42 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-43 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-44 Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-, IX-45 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-46 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-47 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-((5,5-dipropyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-phenyl-methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-48 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-((5,5-diproρyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-phenyl-methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-49 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-3-cyclopentyl-N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5- dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-50 1H-Tetrazole-5-sulfonamide, N(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy- 2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-1- phenyl-,

IX-51 1H-Benzoimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenyl)-,

IX-52 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N- (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-53 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-54 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-,

IX-55 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-56 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-phenyl)- IX-57 1H-Tetrazole-5-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2- oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-1- methyl-,

IX-58 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxa- 8-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-8-carboxylic acid 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl ester,

JX-1 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenyl-propylidene)-5H-furan-2-one,

JX-2 5-Benzylidene-3-(cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H- furan-2-one,

JX-3 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propylidene-5H- furan-2-one,

JX-4 5-Butylidene-3-(cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H- furan-2-one,

OX-1 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxa-8- aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, OX-2 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy╌1-oxa-8- aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one.

Claims

* CLAIMS We claim:

1. A compound represented by the structure shown in formula 1,

wherein 3 tautomers of the same structure are shown,

wherein R₁ is

a) -CH-(C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl)₂,

b) diphenylmethyl,

c) diphenylethyl,

d) diphenylethenyl,

e) diphenylpropyl,

f) phenylcyclobutyl;

g) -CH(CH₂-phenyl)₂_

h) -5,6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptenyl,

i) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalenyl, substituted with zero, one (1) or two (2) -O- (C_1-6 alkyl) or -CH₃,

or

wherein R_1-1 is

a) -C_1-10 alkyl,

b) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

c) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

e) -CH₂-C(O)-O-((H or (C_1-6 alkyl)),

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_{1- 100},

g) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_1-500, or

h) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH=CH-R_1-100;

wherein R_1-2 is

a) -halo,

b) -trifluoromethyl,

c) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-((CH₂)CH₂-O-)_q-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -R_1-100,

g) -C(O)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_1-100,

h) -R_1-500,

i) -C(O)-R_1-500 or

j) -O-R_1-500;

wherein R_1-100 is

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

c) biphenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁,

d) perhalophenyl;

wherein R_1-500 is

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and substituted with zero (O) to three (3) RA₁; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA₁; and if chemically feasible, the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be in the oxidized forms; wherein RA₁ is

a) halo,

b) -H

c) -N-methyl-piperazino,

d) -C_1-8 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

e) -C_2-8 alkenyl,

f) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

g) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-12}

h) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120; i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-15}

j) -OH,

k) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy,

l) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, m) -O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, n) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-O-(C_2-7 alkenyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy, o) (o-) or (m-) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂,

p) -(CH₂-O )_q-C_1-3 alkyl,

q) -O-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-CH₃,

r) -CH(O),

s) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

t) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

u) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

v) -SO₃H,

w) -SO₂-RA_{1-RA- 1 2},

x) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 1 2},

y) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_{1-RA- 1 5},

z) -CN,

a1) -NH₂,

b1) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl), c1) -mono or -di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

d1) -diethylamino,

e1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(NH(H or C_1-5 alkyl))=NCN,

f1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(NH(H or C_1-5 alkyl))=CHNO₂,

g1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-12}

h1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-15,}

i1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-N(C_1-3 alkyl)₂,

j1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-NH-RA_{1 -RA-12},

k1) -(C_0-6 alkyO-NH-SO₂-NH-RA_{1 -RA-12},

l1) -NH-C(O)-NH-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

m1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(SCH₃)=CHNO₂,

n1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(SCH₃)=NCN),

o1) -NH-AA-P₁,

p1) -NO₂,

q1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-N₃,

s1) -N=C-(NH-CH(C2-6 alkyl)2)2,

t1) -NR₄₀R₄₁,

u1) -NH-P(O)(C_1-4 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-12},

v1) -NH-P(O)(RA₁-R_A-12-RA_{1 -RA-12},

w1) -NH-P(O)(O-R_{1 1})-(RA_1-RA-12),

x1) -NH-C(S)-NH-R₄₂, or

y1) -NH-C(S)-CH₂-R₄₂;

z1) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-G_1-1-CH=CH-RA_1-RA-12,

a2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-1-CH=CH-RA_{1 -RA-15},

d2) -G_1-1-CH((C_1-6 alkyl))-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

e2) -G_1-1-CH((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f2) -G_1-1-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12)-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-12}, g2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_1-12 alkyl),

h2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-halo,

i2) -G_{1 -2}-(C_1-6 alkyl)-NH₂,

j2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

k2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl))-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

12) -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(NH-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl))-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-15}, m2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH(NH₂)-C(O)-OH,

n2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

o2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-(R_3-6 cycloalkyl),

p2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

q2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

r2) -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-RA_{1 -RA-12},

s2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

t2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O)-RA_{1 -RA-15},

u2) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-C(O)-NH-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-15},

v2) -G_1-2-(CJ.₆ alkyl)-S-RA_{1 -RA-15},

w2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_{1 -RA-12},

x2) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G1-2-O-(C1-6 alkyl)-RA1-RA-15,

y2) -G_1-2-CH=CH₂,

z2) -G_1-2-CH=CH-RA_{1 -RA-12}.

a3) -G_1-2-N(R₄₂)₂,

b3) -G_1-2-NH₂,

c3) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-phthalimido,

d3) -G_1-2-(pentafluoro)-phenyl,

e3) -G_1-2-(C_1-6 alkyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,

f3) -G_1-2-H, or

g3) -(C_2-6 alkyl)-R₃₀;

wherein G_1-1 is

a) -NH-C(O)-,

b) -NH-SO₂-,

c) -NH-C(O)-NH-, or

d) -SO₂-NH-;

wherein G_1-2 is

a) -NH-C(O)-, b) -C(O)-NH-,

c) -NH-SO₂-,

d) -SO₂-NH-,

e) -NH-SO₂-NH-,

f) -C(O)-O-,

g) -O-C(O)-,

h) -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12)-C(O)-,

i) -NH-C(O)-NH,

j) -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12)-SO₂-, or

k) -N((C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_1-6 alkyl))-SO₂-;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are defined independently and are the same as RA₁;

wherein RA_1-RA-12 is

a) -phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA, or

b) -naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-15 is

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-15-AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-120, RA_2-RA-120 and R_A3-RA-120, are defined independently and are a) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

b) ^_C₁-C₃ alkoxy,

c) -dimethylamino,

d) -diethylamino,

e) -CF₃,

f) -CN,

g) -halo,

h) -NH₂,

i) -OH,

j) -SO₂-NH₂, or

k) -C(O)-NH₂;

wherein RA_1-RA-12-AXA or RA_1-RA-15-AXA are independent and are,

a) -H b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -(C_1-10 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo or

hydroxy,

k) -CH(O),

1) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH,

n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

r) -mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH,

t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl;

wherein R₂ is

a) -H,

b) -C_1-6 alkyl,

c) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-7 cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_2-10 alkenyl)

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_2-100,

f) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_2-500,

wherein R_2-100 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-100 wherein RA₁ is RA₂; wherein R_2-500 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-500 wherein RA₁ is RA₂; wherein RA₂ is independent of and defined the same as RA₁;

wherein R₃ is

a) -C_2-10 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to five (5) halo,

b) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

c) -C_2-10 alkenyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-(Ci_6 alkyl),

g) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

h) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH=CH-R_3-4,

i) -(C_2-10 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

j) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(R_3-6)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

k) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-CH(R_3-6)-(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

1) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

m) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_3-4,

n) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-N(H or -C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

o) -R_3-100,

except when R_3-100 is phenyl and R₁ is 1-phenyl-propyl,

p) -R_3-500,

q) -CH(R_3-6)-CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

r) -CH(C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_3-1-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or s) -CH(C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_3-1-(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein G_3-1 is

a) -NH-C(O)-,

b) -NH-SO₂-,

c) -NH-CO-NH-, or

d) -SO₂-NH-;

wherein, R_3-4 is

a) -trifluoromethyl;

b) -halo,

c) -(C_1-6 alkyl)

d) -C_3-7 cycloalkyl,

e) -C_2-10 alkenyl, f) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O-)_q-(C_1-6 alkyl),

g) -OH,

h) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

i) -O-R_3-500,

j) -C(O)-R_3-500,

k) -C(O)-OH,

l) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-100,

n) -R_3-100, or

o) -R_3-500;

wherein R_3-6 is

a) -OH,

b) -C_1-10 alkyl,

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl,

d) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂,

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

f) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-100. or

g) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-500;

wherein R_{3- 9}, is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-7 alkenyl),

c) -(C_0-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein RA₃ is independent of and defined the same as RA₁;

wherein RA_3-RA-12, RA_3-RA-15, RA_3-RA-12-AXA and RA_3-RA-15-AXA, are all independent of and defined the same as the corresponding R₁ variables, which are: R_A1-RA-12, R _A1-RA-15, RA_{1 -RA-12-AXA} and RA_1-RA-15-AXA, respectively,

a) -(C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

or e) a double bond represented by the formula shown below;

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-7 alkenyl),

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

e) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein R₁₁ is

a) -H,

b) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

c) -(RA₃. RA-12^' ^OΓ

d) pharmaceutically acceptable salts,

wherein R₂₃ is

a) -O-,

b) -C(O)-,

c) -N(H)-,

d) -N(R_3-9)-,

e) -N(C(O)-R_3-9)-, or

f) -N(C(O)-O-R_3-9);

wherein R₃₀ is

a) -morpholino,

b) -piperidino,

c) -piperazino,

d) -OR₄₀,

e) -halo,

g) -NR₄₀R₄₁;

wherein R₄₀ and R₄₁ are defined independently and are,

a) -H,

b) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

c) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) R_A1-RA-120,

wherein R₄₂ is

a) -C₁-C₄ alkyl,

b) -phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-120;

wherein R_A2-RA-120 and RA_3-RA-120 are independent of and defmed the same as RA_1-RA- ₁₂₀;

wherein R₅₀ and R₅₁ are defined independently and are

a) -(H or C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

c) -(C_0.6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

wherein AA is an amino acid residue,

wherein P₁ is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group,

wherein m and n are independently zero (0) to five (5) inclusive,

wherein p and q are independently one (1) to five (5) inclusive,

wherein z is one (1) to three (3) inclusive;

and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts, including bis salts, thereof,

with the proviso that when R₁ is 1-phenylpropyl and R₂ is H, then R₃ is not C_1-5 alkyl, and with the proviso that when RA₁ or RA₃ is -G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-RA_{1 -RA-12,} -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_0-6 alkyl), -(C_0-6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12, -(C_0.6 alkyl)-G_1-2-O-(C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15, -G_1-2-N(R₄₂)₂, or -G_1-2-NH₂, then G_1-2 is NOT, -C(O)-NH- , -NH-SO₂-, -SO₂-NH-, -NH-SO₂-NH-, -C(O)-O-, -NH-C(O)-NH, -N((C_1-6 alkyl)-RA_1-RA- ₁₂)-SO₂-, or -N((C_0-6 alkyl)-(C_1-6 alkyl))-SO₂-.

2. A compound of claim 1 , wherein R₁ is

or

wherein R_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl), b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl), c) -(C_3-7 cycloalkyl), d) -(R_3-5 cycloalkyl), e) -cyclopropyl, f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

g) -R_1-100, or

h) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-R_1-100;

wherein R_1-2 is -R_1-100, or -R_1-500;

wherein RA₁ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

d) -OH,

e) -O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

f) -O-(C₂.₅ alkenyl),

g) -C(O)OH,

h) -C(O)(C_1-5 alkyl),

i) -C(O)-RA_1-3,

wherein RA_1-3 is any N-terminus substituted amino acid, j) -C(O)-N(H)RA_1-1,

k) -CN,

l) -NH₂ (para or meta positions),

m) -N(H)(C_1-5 alkyl) (para or meta positions), n) -N(C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

o) -N(H)RA_1-4,

wherein RA_{1 -4} is any C-terminus substituted amino acid, p) -N(H)C(O)-RA_1-1 (para or meta positions), q) -N(H)C(O)-O-RA_{1 -1} (para or meta positions), r) -N(H)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

s) -N(C_1-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

t) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

u) -NO₂,

v) -PO₃H,

w) -SO3H,

x) -SO₂NH₂,

y) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12,

z) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-15,

a1) -halo, b1) -RA_1-RA-12, or

c1) -RA_1-RA-15;

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-NH₂,

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(NH₂)-C(O)OH,

g) -RA_{1 -RA-12},

h) -RA_1-RA-15,

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

k) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12,

1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15,

m) -C(O)-RA_1-1-3,

wherein RA_{1 -1-3} is any N-terminus amino acid, n) -N(H)-RA_1-1-4,

wherein RA_1-1-4 is any C-terminus amino acid, o) -R_1-500,

p) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_1-500,

q) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_1-500, or

r) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)((C₁-C₅ alkyl)-R_{1 -500}),

wherein RA_1-2 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -RA_1-RA-12,

c) -RA_1-RA-15,

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_{1 -RA-12},

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15,

wherein RA_1-RA-12 is

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_{1-RA- 1 2-AXA}, or b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-12-AXA; wherein RA_1-RA-15 is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_1-RA-15-AXA;

wherein RA_1-RA-12-AXA or RA_1-RA-15-AXA are are independent and are,

a) -H,

b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -(C_1-10 alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

k) -CH(O),

l) -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH,

n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

r) mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH,

t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl; wherein R₂ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(R_3-4 alkyl),

d) -n-propyl

e) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

f) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

g) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl), i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-100,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-500;

wherein RA₂ and RA₃ are independently defined as RA₁,

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

c) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

d) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-CH=CH₂, f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl), g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_q-CH₃, h) -(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

i) -(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

k) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4, l) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4) m) -R_3-100,

n₎ -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

o) -(R_3-4 alkyl)-RAX

P) -H or -(C_1-5 alkyl),

q) -n propyl-RAX,

r) - 3-phenylpropyl,

s) -R_3-500,

t) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500, u) -(R_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

v) -n propyl-R_3-500,

w) -C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

x) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

y) -C(O)-R_3-1,

z) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-R_3-1,

a1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)R_3-1,

b1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N((C_1-5 alkyl)((C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-1),

c1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-R_3-j,

d1) -C(O)-N(H)R_3-1, or

e1) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)R_3-1;

wherein RAX is phenyl,

benzyl, or

wherein R_3-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100, or

e) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500;

where R_3-4 is

a) -OH,

b) -O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

c) -C(O)-OH,

d) -C(O)-O-(C_1-6 alkyl),

e) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

f) -(C_3-6 cycloalkyl),

g) -R_3-100, or

h) -R_3-500;

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15: wherein R_3-100 is independent of and defined the same as R_{1 -100};

wherein R_3-500 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-500;

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two -R_3-9, or

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl);

wherein R_3-9 is

a) -(C_1-6 alkyl),

b) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-12, or

c) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-RA_3-RA-15;

and pharmaceutical salts, including bis salts, thereof,

wherein all other variables are as previously defined.

3. A compound of claim 2

wherein R₁ is formula R1A.

4. A compound of claim 3

wherein RA₁ is

a) -H,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

d) -C(O)-RA_1-3,

wherein RA₁_₃ is any N-terminus substituted amino acid;

e) -C(O)-N(H)RA_{1 -1},

f) -NH₂ (para or meta positions), g) -N(H)(C_1-5 alkyl) (para or meta positions), h) -N(C_1-5 alkyl)₂,

i) -N(H)RA_1-4,

1) -N(C_0-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

m) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

n) -NO₂,

o) -SO₂NH₂,

p) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_{1 -RA-12},

q) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_{1 -RA-15},

or

r) -halo;

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-NH₂,

f) -RA_1-RA-12,

g) -RA_1-RA-15.

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RAX,

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RAX,

j) -C(O)-RA_{1 -1-3},

wherein RA_1-1-3 is any N-terminus amino acid, k) -N(H)-RA_1-1-4, or

wherein RA_1-1-4 is any C-terminus amino acid, l) -R_1-500;

wherein RA_1-2 is

a) -RAX,

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-RAX,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-O-RAX,

d) -RA_1-RA-12, e) -RA_1-RA-15,

f) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-RA_1-RA-12,

g) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-RA_1-RA-15,

h) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-12, or

i) -(C₁-C₅ alkyl)-O-RA_1-RA-15;

5. A compound of claim 4,

wherein R₂ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(R_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-100, or

i) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_2-500;

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C6-10 alkyl),

c) -CH₂-CH=CH₂,

d) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

e) -(C_0-5 alkyl)-(CH₂CH₂-O)_q-CH₃,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

g) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

h) -n propyl-RAX,

i) - 3-phenylpropyl,

j) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

k) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

l) -n propyl-R_3-500,

m) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100,

n) -CH₂-RAX, o) -benzyl,

p) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500,

q) -CH₂-R_3-500,

r) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(OH)-R_3-1,

s) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)R_3-1,

t) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N((C_1-5 alkyl)(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-1),

u) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-N(H)C(O)-R_3-1,

v) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(O)-N(H)-R_3-1,

w) -(C_2-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

v) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

y) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4, or

z) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4;

wherein R_3-1 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-1 ;

wherein R_3-2 is independent of and defined the same as R_1-2;

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two R_3-9,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

6. A compound of claim 5,

wherein R_1-100 is phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) of RA₁;

wherein R_2-100 an d R_3-100 are defined independently and are independent of and defined the same as R_1-100.

7. A compound of claim 6,

wherein, R₁ is -CH(R_1-1)-R_1-2.

8. A compound of claim 7,

wherein R_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-5 cycloalkyl), or

c) -cyclopropyl;

wherein RA₁ is

a) -H, b) -N(H)C(O)-RA_{1 -1} (para or meta positions),

c) -N(H)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

d) -N(C_0-6 alkyl)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

e) -N(CH₃)(SO₂)-RA_1-2,

f) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-12, or

g) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-SO₂-RA_1-RA-15;

wherein RA_1-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl), or

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-C(H)(NH2)-C(O)OH;

wherein RAX is phenyl;

wherein R₂ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(R_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl,

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(R_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-RAX, or

i) -phenylmethyl;

in R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100.

c) -(R_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

d) -n propyl-RAX,

e) -3 phenyl propyl,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

g) -n propyl-R_3-500,

h) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

i) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

k) -(R_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100, l) -CH₂-RAX,

m) -benzyl,

n) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500, or

o) -CH₂-R_3-500;

a) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl)-R_3-9, or

c) -(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C₂ alkyl).

9. A compound of claim 8,

wherein -RA_1-RA-12, -RA_2-RA-12, and -RA_3-RA-12 are defined independently as phenyl, cyanophenyl, fluorophenyl, naphthyl; or phenyl or naphthyl - substituted with 1 to 3 groups of -(C_1-6 alkyl), cyano, halo, hydroxy or -(C_1-6 alkoxy);

wherein -RA_1-RA-15, -RA_2-RA-15, and -RA_3-RA-15 are defined independently as pyridinyl, cyano-pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazolyl, methylimidazolyl, thiazolyl or purinyl; or pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinazolinyl,

benzimidazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or purinyl - substituted with 1 to 3 groups of -(C_1-6 alkyl), cyano, halo, hydroxy or -(C_1-6 alkoxy);

b) (C₆ cycloalkyl)-R_{3 -9}, or

10. A compound of claim 9,

wherein -RA_1-RA-12, is

phenyl, fluorophenyl or cyanophenyl;

wherein -RA_1-RA-15, is

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

phenyl,

benzyl, or phenyl or benzyl, substituted with one, two, or three of the following, -(C_1-5 alkyl), hydroxy, -O-(C_1-5 alkyl), or -halo;

11. A compound of claim 4,

wherein R₂ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_3-4 alkyl),

c) -n-propyl,

d) -(C_6-10 alkyl),

e) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

f) -(C_6-10 alkenyl),

g) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

h) -(C_1-3 alkyl)-RAX, or

i) -phenylmethyl;

wherein R₃ is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-100,

c) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-RAX,

d) -n propyl-RAX,

e) -3 phenyl propyl,

f) -(C_1-5 alkyl)-R_3-500,

g) -n propyl-R_3-500,

h) -CH(R_3-6)-R_3-4,

i) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkyl)-R_3-4,

j) -CH(R_3-6)-(C_1-6 alkenyl)-R_3-4,

k) -(R_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-100,

l) -CH₂-RAX,

m) -benzyl,

n) -(C_3-4 alkyl)-R_3-500, or

o) -CH₂-R_3-500;

a) (C₅ _-9 cycloalkyl),

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one to two R_3-9, c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

12. A compound of claim 11,

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

a) phenyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-12-AXA, or

b) naphthyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-12-AXA;

wherein R_2-500 and R_3-500 are defined independently and are,

a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing from one (1) to four (4) heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, or another heterocycle; and substituted with zero (0) to three (3) RA_2-RA-15- AXA^;

wherein RA_2-RA-12-AXA or RA_2-RA-15-AXA are are defined independently and are,

a) -H,

b) -halo,

c) -NO₂,

d) -CN,

e) -C_1-10 alkyl, substituted with zero (0) to three (3) halo,

h) -O-C_1-5 alkyl,

i) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-O-(C_{1 -6} alkyl), substituted with zero (0) to three (3) hydroxy halo,

k) -CH(O),

D -C(O)-(C_1-6 alkyl),

m) -C(O)OH,

n) -C(O)O-(C_1-5 alkyl),

o) -C(O)-N(H or C_1-6 alkyl)₂,

p) -NH₂,

q) -NH-(C_1-6 alkyl),

r) mono or di -(C_1-6 alkyl)amino,

s) -NH-OH, t) -NH-C(O)-(C_1-3 alkyl),

u) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-C(O)-phenyl,

v) -(C_0-6 alkyl)-NH-SO₂-phenyl,

x) -SO₂-phenyl, substituted widi zero (O) to three (3) C₁-C₅ alkyl;

b) (C_5-9 cycloalkyl) substituted with one R_3-9,

c) -(C_1-5 alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C_1-5 alkyl).

13. A compound of claim 12,

wherein R₁ is -CH(R_{1 -1})-R_1-2,

wherein R_3-1 is

a) -(C_1-5 alkyl),

b) -(C_2-5 alkenyl),

c) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-(C_3-7 cycloalkyl),

d) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-R_3-100, or

e) -(C_1-2 alkyl)-R_3-500;

wherein R_2-100 and R_3-100 are defined independently and are,

phenyl,

benzyl, or

a) (C₆ cycloalkyl),

b) (C₆ cycloalkyl) substituted with one R_3-9, or

c) -(C₂ alkyl substituted with zero to one R_3-9)-R₂₃-(C₂ alkyl).

14. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds

BX- 1 ) 5H-Furan-2-one,

5-benzyl-3-cyclopropylphenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-,

BX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-, BX-3) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

BX-4) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propyl-,

BX-5) 2(5H)-Furanone,

5-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, BX-6) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenyl-2- propenyl)-,

BX-7) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(1-hydroxy-3¬

-phenyl-2-propenyl)-,

BX-8) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethy)-4-hydroxy- 5-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-,

BX-9) 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-(1- phenylpropyl)-,

BX-10) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-,

BX-11) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-butyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

BX-12) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5,5-dipropyl-, BX-13) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-,

BX-14) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5,5-diedιyl-4-hydroxy-,

BX-15) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5,5-dibutyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

BX- 16) 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-.

15. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

CX-1) 1-Oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

CX-2) 1-Oxaspiro[4.7]dodec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

CX-3) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-.

16. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

DX-1) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-propyl-,

DX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-methyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-,

DX-3) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy- 5-(phenylmethyl)-,

DX-4) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(phenyl- methyl)-5-propyl-,

DX-5) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5,5-bis(phenylmethyl)-,

DX-6) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-propyl-5-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-,

DX-7) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy- 5-(2-phenylethyl)-,

DX-8) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(2-phenylethyl)-5-propyl-,

DX-9) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5,5-bis(2-phenylethyl)-,

DX-10) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-methyl-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-11) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-12) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-butyl-3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-13) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5,5-bis(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-14) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-15) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(phenylmethyl)-5-(3¬

-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-16) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-5-(2-propenyl)-,

DX-17) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(1-methylethyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-18) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(2-phenyl- ethyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-19) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(1-methylpropyl)¬

-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

DX-20) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(2-methylpropyl)-5¬

-(3-phenylpropyl)-.

17. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

FX-1) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-( 1 ,2-diphenylethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(diphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-, FX-3) 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-(1-phenyl-2-propenyl)- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX-4) 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl)- 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-,

FX-5) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenylpropyl)-.

18. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

GX-1) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(1-(2-phenylethyl)pentyl)-,

GX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(1-(2-phenylethyl)pentyl)-,

GX-3) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)-,

GX-4) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 5-(1,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-

GX-5) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 5-(1-ethylpentyl)-4-hydroxy-,

GX-6) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(1-phenylpropyl)-,

GX-7) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)- 4-hydroxy-5-(1-phenylbutyl)-,

GX-8) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl) -5-(1-ethylpropyl)- 4-hydroxy-.

19. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

HX-1) 2-Furanpropanoic acid, 4-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-2,5¬

-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-.beta.-(2-phenylethyl)-, methyl ester, HX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy¬

-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-.

20. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

IX-1) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(cyclopropyl(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-, IX-2) 2(5H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-3-( 1 -(3-nitrophenyl)propyl)-5 ,5-dipropyl-,

IX-3) 1 -Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-,

IX-4) 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy

-6-(2-phenylethyl)-,

IX-5) 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy¬

-6-(2-phenylethyl)-,

IX-6) 1 -Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylmethyl)-,

IX-1) 1 -Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6¬

-(2-phenylmethyl)-,

IX-8) 1 -Oxaspiro[4.6]undec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-, IX-9) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl- 1-phenylpropyl)- 5-(phenylmethyl)-, IX- 10) 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-( 1-phenylpropyl)-,

K-l 1) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-((3-aminophenyl)cyclopropylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-, IX-12) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-((3-aminophenyl)cyclopropylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl¬

-hydrochloride,

IX- 13) 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-(1-(3-aminophenyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-5 ,5-dipropyl-,

IX-14) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy¬

-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-15) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo¬

-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX- 16) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-,

IX- 17) 1 H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo¬

-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-18) 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo¬

-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-19) 1-Naphthalenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo¬

-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-20) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl¬

-3-furanyl)propyl)phenyl)-,

IX-21) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(l-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl -2,5-dihydro - furan-3-yl)-3-methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-22) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-3-methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-23) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl -2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-2-rnethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-24) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-,

IX-25 ) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-26); 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-27) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-( 1 -(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5¬

-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-28) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5¬

-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-29) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)¬

-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-,

IX-30) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-31) 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)-5-propyl-3-furanyl)-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-,

IX-32) Carbamic acid, (3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo¬

-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-, phenylmethyl ester,

IX-33) 1-Oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6-ethyl-, IX-34) 1-Oxaspiro[4.1]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(cyclopropylphenylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-6-ethyl-,

IX-35) 5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl (2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2- oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-36) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-37) 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-38) 2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5- dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-39) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl- 2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2-phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-40) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro

-furan-3-yl)-2-phenyl-ethyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-41) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5 dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-42) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-43) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-44) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-fluoro-,

IX-45) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-46) 8-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-47) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-(3-((5,5-dipropyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-phenyl-methyl)phenyl)-,

IX-48) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-((5,5-dipropyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-phenyl-methyl)phenyl-1-methyl-,

IX-49) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-3-cyclopentyl-N-(3-(cyclopentyl(2,5-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl-,

IX-50) 1H-Tetrazole-5-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-1-phenyl-, IX-51) 1H-Benzoimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4- hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-52) 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4- hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-53) 1H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4- hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-54) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-Cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-55) 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-56) Benzenesulfonamide 4-Cyano-N-(3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-phenyl)-,

IX-57) 1 H-Tetrazole-5-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)-phenyl)-1-methyl-,

IX-58) 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxa- 8-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3- ene-8-carboxylic acid.

21. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

JX-1) 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(3-phenyl-propylidene)-5H-furan-2-one, JX-2) 5-Benzylidene-3-(cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

JX-3) 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5-propylidene-5H-furan-2-one,

JX-4) 5-Butylidene-3-(cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one, or

OX-1) 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 1 -oxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-ene

-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester,

OX-2) 3-(Cyclopropyl-phenyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-1-oxa-8- aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one.

22. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

a) 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

b) 2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

c) 4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-3- furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

d) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl(2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

e) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

f) 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

g) 5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

h) 2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

i) 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-, j) 2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

k) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

l) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

m) 4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

n) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)methyl)phenyl)-,

o) Benzenesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

p) 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

q) 5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

r) 2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

s) 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

t) 2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

u) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

v) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

w) 4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

x) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

y) Benzenesulfonamide, N-3-( 1 -(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

z) Benzenesulfonamide, 4-cyano-N-3-( 1 -(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-, a1) 1 H-Imidazole-4-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)- 1 -methyl-,

b1) 2-Pyridinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

c1) 5-cyano-2-pyridinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

d1) 2-Quinolinesulfonamide, N-3-( 1 -(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

e1) 2-Pyrimidinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

f1) 2-Quinazolinesulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

g1) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

h1) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

i1) 4-Thiazolesulfonamide, N-3-( 1 -(5 ,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-

2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-,

j1) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonamide, N-3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-.

23. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

a) N-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

b) 4-Cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- methyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

c) 1 -Methyl- 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

d) Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

e) 5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

f) Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide, g) Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

h) Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

i) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

j) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

k) Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

l) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

m) N-(3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

n) 4-Cyano-N-(3-( 1 -(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl- propyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

o) 1 -Methyl- 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

p) Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

q) 5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

r) Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

s) Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

t) Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

u) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimedιyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

v) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

w) Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide, x) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

y) N-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

z) 4-Cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- methyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

a1) 1 -Methyl- 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo- 2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

b1) Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

c1) 5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

d1) Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

e1) Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

f1) Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

g1) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

h1) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5- dihydro-3-furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

i1) Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

j1) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-methyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

k1) N-(3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

l1) 4-Cyano-N-(3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dmydro-3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl- propyl)-phenyl)-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,

m1) 1 -Methyl- 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro- 3-furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

n1) Pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide, o1) 5-Cyano-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

p1) Quinoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

q1) Pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

r1) Quinazoline-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

s1) 1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

t1) 1H-Imidazole-2-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3- furanyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

u1) Thiazole-4-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)-2,2- dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide,

v1) 7H-Purine-6-sulfonic acid (3-(1-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenyl)-methyl-amide.

24. A compound of claim 1 selected from the following compounds,

a) 3-((3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H- furan-2-one,

b) 4-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

c) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

d) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

e) 6-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

f) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

g) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

h) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one, i) 3-((3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

j) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

k) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

l) 3-(Cyclopropyl-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

m) 3-(1-(3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H- furan-2-one,

n) 4-(3-(1-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

o) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

p) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

q) 6-(3-(1-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5 ,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

r) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

s) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

t) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

u) 3-(1-(3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5,5-dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

v) 4-Hydroxy-3-(1-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

w) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

x) 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5- dipropyl-5H-furan-2-one,

y) 3-((3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H- furan-2-one, z) 4-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

a1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)- methyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

bl ) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

c1) 6-(3-(Cyclopropyl-(5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-methyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

d1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

e1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

f1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

g1) 3-((3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-cyclopropyl-methyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

h1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

i1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

j1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(cyclopropyl-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-methyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

k1) 3-(1-(3-Benzenesulfonylmethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5-dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H- furan-2-one,

11) 4-(3-(1-(5,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-benzonitrile,

ml ) 5 ,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl- 1 -(3-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)- propyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

n1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(pyridine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

o1) 6-(3-( 1 -(5 ,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)- phenylmethanesulfonyl)-nicotinonitrile,

p1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(quinoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one, q1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(pyrimidine-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

r1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(quinazoline-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

s1) 3-(1-(3-(1H-Benzimidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-5,5- dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

t1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1-(3-(1H-imidazole-2-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

u1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(thiazole-4-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,

v1) 5,5-Dibenzyl-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-(7H-purine-6-sulfonylmethyl)-phenyl)-propyl)-4- hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one.

25. A pharmaceutical composition consisting of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a compound of formula 1.

26. Use of a compound of formula 1 to prepare a medicament for treating AIDS and diseases caused by all variants of HIV comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula 1 to a patient in need thereof.