WO1994022873A1 - Diamine salts of clavulanic acid - Google Patents

Diamine salts of clavulanic acid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994022873A1
WO1994022873A1 PCT/EP1994/000919 EP9400919W WO9422873A1 WO 1994022873 A1 WO1994022873 A1 WO 1994022873A1 EP 9400919 W EP9400919 W EP 9400919W WO 9422873 A1 WO9422873 A1 WO 9422873A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clavulanic acid
salt
diamine
pharmaceutically acceptable
clavulanic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/000919
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pieter Gijsbert Weber
Original Assignee
Gist-Brocades N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/338,585 priority Critical patent/US5821364A/en
Priority to AU64294/94A priority patent/AU682030B2/en
Priority to RU94046014A priority patent/RU2135502C1/en
Priority to DE69400334T priority patent/DE69400334T2/en
Priority to RO94-01881A priority patent/RO112113B1/en
Priority to BR9404743-0A priority patent/BR9404743A/en
Priority to EP94911952A priority patent/EP0647229B1/en
Priority to DK94911952.3T priority patent/DK0647229T3/en
Priority to SK1442-94A priority patent/SK279918B6/en
Priority to PL94306371A priority patent/PL306371A1/en
Application filed by Gist-Brocades N.V. filed Critical Gist-Brocades N.V.
Priority to KR1019940704230A priority patent/KR100187333B1/en
Priority to DE0647229T priority patent/DE647229T1/en
Priority to SI9430013T priority patent/SI0647229T1/en
Publication of WO1994022873A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994022873A1/en
Priority to LVP-94-220A priority patent/LV11180B/en
Priority to FI945510A priority patent/FI945510A0/en
Priority to BG99212A priority patent/BG61948B1/en
Priority to NO944531A priority patent/NO301767B1/en
Priority to GR950300030T priority patent/GR950300030T1/en
Priority to GR960402720T priority patent/GR3021347T3/en
Priority to CY196697A priority patent/CY1966A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D503/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new diamine salts of clavulanic acid, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and to the use of these salts in the production of clavulanic acid and salts and esters thereof.
  • GB patent 1508977 discloses that clavulanic acid, which has the formula (I) :
  • US patent 4,650,795 discloses a group of primary amine salts of clavulanic acid which give stable pharmaceutical compositions.
  • EP patent 26044 discloses the use of the t-butylamine salt as a useful intermediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid.
  • the non-prepublished EP patent application 562583 discloses the same use for N,N-diisopropylethylenediammonium di clavulanate and N,N-diethylethylenediammonium di clavulanate, both of the secondary, secondary type.
  • tertiary, tertiary di ⁇ amine salts of clavulanic acid have improved properties compared to the t-butyl amine salt of clavulanic acid mentioned above.
  • large crystals of the mono salt of N,N,N',N'- tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane clavulanate caneasilybeprecipi- tated in pure form.
  • the salt is therefore a very useful inter ⁇ mediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid.
  • the present invention provides tertiary, tertiary diamine mono salts of the formula (Ila) :
  • R ⁇ and R 2 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionallyhaving one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms;
  • R 3 and R 4 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionally having one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms;
  • An alkyl group may be branched or straight chain.
  • a Ci to Cg alkyl group is preferably a Ci to C4 alkyl group, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec.butyl or tert.butyl, more preferably it is methyl.
  • a C3 to Cg cycloalkyl group is preferably a C5 to C ⁇ cyclo ⁇ alkyl group, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
  • X is hydrogen, hydroxy or halogen, for instanc bromine or chlorine. Most preferably, X is hydrogen or hydroxy
  • Suitably inert substituents include halogen, hydroxy, C to C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ to C 4 alkoxyl, C ⁇ to C4 acyloxyl and C ⁇ to C esterified carboxyl.
  • a halogen atom is, for example, bromine, chlorine or fluor ine, preferably, bromine or chlorine.
  • a Ci to C4 alkyl is preferably methyl or ethyl.
  • a Ci to C4 alkoxyl is preferably methoxyl or ethoxyl.
  • a Ci to C4 acyloxyl is preferably Ci or C 2 acyloxyl.
  • Ci to C4 esterified carboxyl is preferably Ci or C esterified carboxyl.
  • ⁇ , R 2 , R 3 and R4 have three substituents o fewer, preferably two substituents or fewer. Most preferably R R , R 3 and R4 have one substituent or are unsubstituted.
  • the ring consists preferably of carbon atom and is most preferably saturated. Most preferably R ⁇ , R 2 , R 3 an R4 are methyl.
  • the salts of the formulae (Ila) and (lib) ar derivable from N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3 bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, N,N,N',N '-tetramethyl-1,4-diamino butane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, 1,2-dipiperidino ethane and dipiperidinomethane.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a salt of formulae (Ila) or (lib) which process comprises the reaction of clavulanic acid with diamine (III) :
  • R ⁇ , R 2 , R3, R4, X, m and n are as above defined.
  • a diamine mono clavulanate will be formed when the amount of diamine is relatively high compared to that of clavulanic acid and the di ⁇ amine di clavulanate will be formed when the amount of diamine is relatively low compared to that of clavulanic acid or a mixture of the same at a concentration in between.
  • the concentration of diaminepresent in the reactionmixture may be varied by, for example, varying the pH.
  • pH dependent on the amine and the solvent used
  • more ono- protonated diamine (Ilia) at relatively high pH (dependent on the amine and the solvent used) more ono- protonated diamine (Ilia) :
  • the present invention further provides the use of diamine salts of clavulanic acid as defined above as an intermediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid and a pharmaceutically accept ⁇ able salt or ester thereof.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereofwhichprocess comprises convert ⁇ ing a diamine salt of clavulanic acid as defined above into clavulanic acid, generally by acidification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, generally by adding a source of corresponding salt or ester forming compound.
  • the present invention provides a process for the purification of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof which process comprises: i) contacting impure clavulanic acid in an organic solvent with diamine to form a salt; ii) isolating the salt produced in step i) ; and iii) converting the isolated salt into clavulanic acid, generally by acidification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, generally by adding a source of a corresponding salt or ester forming compound.
  • potassium clavula ⁇ nate is formed by adding potassium acetate or potassium ethyl- hexanoate.
  • Suitable solvents include non-hydroxylic solvents such as, for example, tetrahydro- furan, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, methyl- ethylketone and the like solvent and mixtures thereof.
  • the reaction may be carried out at from about -50°C to 40 ° C, most preferably from about 0°C to 15"C.
  • Thepresent invention alsoprovides pharmaceutical composi ⁇ tions which comprise a salt of the formulae (Ila) and/or (lib) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • compositions of this invention include tablets, capsules, reconstitutable powders and sterile forms suitable for injection or infusion.
  • Such compositions may contain conventional pharmaceutically acceptable materials such as diluents, binders, colours, flavours, preservatives and disinte- grants.
  • compositions of the salts of formulae (Ila) and (lib) are particularly suitable as high tissue levels of the compound of clavulanic acid can occur after administration by injection or infusion.
  • one preferred composition aspect of this invention comprises salts of the formulae (Ila) and (lib) in sterile form.
  • Unit dose compositions comprising a salt of the formula (II) adapted for oral administration form a further preferred composi ⁇ tion aspect of this invention.
  • the pH value mentioned relates to this value measured with an Ingold electrode, type U402-S7/120, in the solvents applied.
  • a solution of potassium clavulanate in ice cold water was stirred with ethyl acetate under cooling with ice-water. With a solution of about 10% (w/w) sulphuric acid the pH was brought at about 2, the water layer separated and twice extracted with ethyl acetate. The collected extracts were dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered and washed with ethyl acetate, yielding a solution of clavulanic acid of about 2% (w/w) . The clavulanic acid was diluted with an equal volume of acetone and diamine was added.
  • a clavulanic acid extract in dry ethyl acetate (828 g containing 18 g of clavulanic acid/kg prepared according to example 1) was added in 20 min to 1 1 of acetone while cooling (8"C) and keeping the pH at 9 with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2- diaminoethane (TMEDA, 19.18 g, viz. a molar ratio of 2.2 related to clavulanic acid) .
  • TMEDA N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2- diaminoethane
  • the precipitate was filtered off and washed with 100 ml of acetone and dried in vacuum at 35°C to yield 20.09 g of TMEDA mono clavu ⁇ lanate (large crystals) .
  • the mother liquor (1642 g) contained about 1.12 g of clavulanic acid.
  • the molecules are bondedvia a strong hydrogen bond (2.65(1) A) between N(2) and 0(3) .
  • Th C(6)-0(2) andC(6)-0(3) distances are 1.20(1) and 1.275(9) A, respectively, indicating a partial single bond character between C(6)-0(3) .
  • a solution of clavulanic acid in ethyl acetate (75 g, con ⁇ taining about 20 g of clavulanic acid/kg) was added in 10 min to 75 ml of ethyl acetate at 8°C while stirring and keeping the pH between 8 and 9 with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (TMEDA, 5.11 g, viz. a molar ratio of 8 related to clavulanic acid) .
  • TMEDA N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane
  • the mother liquor (155 g) contained 0.03 g of clavulanic acid.

Abstract

New diamine salts of clavulanic acid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and a new process using these diamine salts in the preparation of clavulanic acid and salts and esters thereof have been provided.

Description

DIAMINE SALTS OF CLAVULANIC ACID
The present invention relates to new diamine salts of clavulanic acid, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and to the use of these salts in the production of clavulanic acid and salts and esters thereof.
GB patent 1508977 discloses that clavulanic acid, which has the formula (I) :
Figure imgf000003_0001
and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters are anti- bacterial agents, able to enhance the effectiveness of penicillins and cephalosporins against many 3-lactamase-producing bacteria.
US patent 4,650,795 discloses a group of primary amine salts of clavulanic acid which give stable pharmaceutical compositions.
EP patent 26044 discloses the use of the t-butylamine salt as a useful intermediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid.
The non-prepublished EP patent application 562583 discloses the same use for N,N-diisopropylethylenediammonium di clavulanate and N,N-diethylethylenediammonium di clavulanate, both of the secondary, secondary type. Surprisingly it has been found that tertiary, tertiary di¬ amine salts of clavulanic acid have improved properties compared to the t-butyl amine salt of clavulanic acid mentioned above. For instance, large crystals of the mono salt of N,N,N',N'- tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane clavulanatecaneasilybeprecipi- tated in pure form. The salt is therefore a very useful inter¬ mediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid. Accordingly, the present invention provides tertiary, tertiary diamine mono salts of the formula (Ila) :
Figure imgf000004_0001
(Ila)
and tertiary, tertiary diamine di salts of formula (lib) :
Figure imgf000004_0002
(lib)
where R^ and R2 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionallyhaving one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms; R3 and R4 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionally having one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms; X is hydrogen or a hydrogen bridge forming group; and m and n are each, independently, 0-5.
An alkyl group may be branched or straight chain. A Ci to Cg alkyl group is preferably a Ci to C4 alkyl group, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec.butyl or tert.butyl, more preferably it is methyl.
A C3 to Cg cycloalkyl group is preferably a C5 to Cη cyclo¬ alkyl group, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. Preferably, X is hydrogen, hydroxy or halogen, for instanc bromine or chlorine. Most preferably, X is hydrogen or hydroxy
Preferably n is from 0 to 3 and m is from 0 to 3, mor preferably when X is hydrogen or hydroxy. Most preferably n = 1 m is 0 and X is hydrogen or n is 1, m is 1 and X is hydroxy.
Suitably inert substituents include halogen, hydroxy, C to C4 alkyl, C^ to C4 alkoxyl, C^ to C4 acyloxyl and C^ to C esterified carboxyl.
A halogen atom is, for example, bromine, chlorine or fluor ine, preferably, bromine or chlorine.
A Ci to C4 alkyl is preferably methyl or ethyl.
A Ci to C4 alkoxyl is preferably methoxyl or ethoxyl.
A Ci to C4 acyloxyl is preferably Ci or C2 acyloxyl.
A Ci to C4 esterified carboxyl is preferably Ci or C esterified carboxyl.
Generally, ^, R2, R3 and R4 have three substituents o fewer, preferably two substituents or fewer. Most preferably R R , R3 and R4 have one substituent or are unsubstituted.
When Ri and R2 or R3 and R4 are interlinked to form a rin of 4 to 7 atoms, the ring consists preferably of carbon atom and is most preferably saturated. Most preferably R^, R2, R3 an R4 are methyl.
Normally the amine of the formula (III) :
(III
Figure imgf000005_0001
fromwhich the salts of the formulae (Ila) and (lib) are derivabl is a pharmaceutically acceptable amine.
Preferably, the salts of the formulae (Ila) and (lib) ar derivable from N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3 bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, N,N,N',N '-tetramethyl-1,4-diamino butane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, 1,2-dipiperidino ethane and dipiperidinomethane. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a salt of formulae (Ila) or (lib) which process comprises the reaction of clavulanic acid with diamine (III) :
H
Rl*^ I /R3
N—(CH2)n-C-(CH2)m—N (III)
R I R4
X
where R^, R2, R3, R4, X, m and n are as above defined. A diamine mono clavulanate will be formed when the amount of diamine is relatively high compared to that of clavulanic acid and the di¬ amine di clavulanate will be formed when the amount of diamine is relatively low compared to that of clavulanic acid or a mixture of the same at a concentration in between.
The conditions whenmono or diamine salts of clavulanic acid or a mixture of the same will be formed have not been investigated for each diamine, but it will be clear for someone skilled in the art that these will vary with the diamine applied.
The concentration of diaminepresent in the reactionmixture may be varied by, for example, varying the pH. At relatively high pH (dependent on the amine and the solvent used) more ono- protonated diamine (Ilia) :
Figure imgf000006_0001
will be present and therefore more mono salt will be precipitated, and at relatively low pH more di-protonated diamine (Illb) :
H
Figure imgf000006_0002
will be present and therefore more di salt will be precipitated. The present invention further provides the use of diamine salts of clavulanic acid as defined above as an intermediate in the preparation of clavulanic acid and a pharmaceutically accept¬ able salt or ester thereof. In another aspect the present invention provides a process for the preparation of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereofwhichprocess comprises convert¬ ing a diamine salt of clavulanic acid as defined above into clavulanic acid, generally by acidification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, generally by adding a source of corresponding salt or ester forming compound.
In a further aspect the present invention provides a process for the purification of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof which process comprises: i) contacting impure clavulanic acid in an organic solvent with diamine to form a salt; ii) isolating the salt produced in step i) ; and iii) converting the isolated salt into clavulanic acid, generally by acidification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, generally by adding a source of a corresponding salt or ester forming compound. For instance, potassium clavula¬ nate is formed by adding potassium acetate or potassium ethyl- hexanoate.
Most suitably the formation of the diamine salts of clavu- lanic acid takes place in an organic solvent. Suitable solvents include non-hydroxylic solvents such as, for example, tetrahydro- furan, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, methyl- ethylketone and the like solvent and mixtures thereof.
The reaction may be carried out at from about -50°C to 40 ° C, most preferably from about 0°C to 15"C.
Thepresent invention alsoprovides pharmaceutical composi¬ tions which comprise a salt of the formulae (Ila) and/or (lib) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Suitable forms of the compositions of this invention include tablets, capsules, reconstitutable powders and sterile forms suitable for injection or infusion. Such compositions may contain conventional pharmaceutically acceptable materials such as diluents, binders, colours, flavours, preservatives and disinte- grants.
Injectable or infusible compositions of the salts of formulae (Ila) and (lib) are particularly suitable as high tissue levels of the compound of clavulanic acid can occur after administration by injection or infusion. Thus, one preferred composition aspect of this invention comprises salts of the formulae (Ila) and (lib) in sterile form.
Unit dose compositions comprising a salt of the formula (II) adapted for oral administration form a further preferred composi¬ tion aspect of this invention.
The following examples will illustrate the invention. The pH value mentioned relates to this value measured with an Ingold electrode, type U402-S7/120, in the solvents applied.
Examples
Example 1
Comparison of crystallization of various diamine salts
A solution of potassium clavulanate in ice cold water was stirred with ethyl acetate under cooling with ice-water. With a solution of about 10% (w/w) sulphuric acid the pH was brought at about 2, the water layer separated and twice extracted with ethyl acetate. The collected extracts were dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered and washed with ethyl acetate, yielding a solution of clavulanic acid of about 2% (w/w) . The clavulanic acid was diluted with an equal volume of acetone and diamine was added.
The results are summarized in Table I. The ratio moles diamine/moles clavulanic acid has been indicated in the last column. The tertiary, tertiary type diamine salts of clavulanic acid are present in the preferred crystal form only, viz. not in the form of an oil.
Table I
Diamine type1 crystals oil diamine
N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,2-di- t,t + - 1.90 aminoethane
N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,2-di- t,t + - 0.68 aminoethane
N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,3-di- t,t + - 1.89 aminopropane l,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2- t,t + - 1.74 propanol
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-di- t,t + - 1.34 aminobutane
N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-1,6-di- t,t + - 1.84 aminohexane
1,2-dipiperidinoethane t,t + - 2.70
. ./ . Table 1 continued
Diamine type1 crystals oil diamine
1,2-diaminoethane P/P + + 3.98
1,3-diaminopropane P/P + + 1.69
1,6-diaminohexane P,P - + 1.69
1,10-diaminodecane P/P — + 1.46
N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane p,s - + 1.69
N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diamino¬ P/t - + 1.86 propane
N,N-dimethyl-l,2-diamino¬ P/t - + 1.69 ethane piperazine s,s — + 1.20
N-methylpiperazine s,t — + 1.20
N ,N-diethyl-1 ,2-diaminoethane p,t — — 0.81
N-(2-aminoethyl)-morfoline P/t — - 1.20 dipiperidinomethane t,t + - 14.92
1 p: primary; s: secondary; t: tertiary
Example 2 Preparation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-l,2-diaminoethane mono clavulanate from ethyl acetate/acetone solution
A clavulanic acid extract in dry ethyl acetate (828 g containing 18 g of clavulanic acid/kg prepared according to example 1) was added in 20 min to 1 1 of acetone while cooling (8"C) and keeping the pH at 9 with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2- diaminoethane (TMEDA, 19.18 g, viz. a molar ratio of 2.2 related to clavulanic acid) . Stirring was continued at 10°C for 1 hr. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with 100 ml of acetone and dried in vacuum at 35°C to yield 20.09 g of TMEDA mono clavu¬ lanate (large crystals) . The mother liquor (1642 g) contained about 1.12 g of clavulanic acid.
NMR (DMSO-d6) : 2.37 ppm, N-CH3 (s, 12H) ; 2.70 ppm, N-CH2 (s, 4H) ; 2.95 ppm, C6-/3H (d, 1H) ; 3.49 ppm, C6-αH (dd, 1H) ; 3 . 99 ppm, CH2OH (m, 2H) ; 4 . 60 ppm, C3-H (s , 1H) ; 4 . 66 ppm, =C-H (tr , 1H) ; 5 . 58 ppm, C5-H (d , 1H) .
To 1 g of this TMEDA mono clavulanate 200 ml of a mixture of ethyl acetate/acetone (1/1 v/v) comprising 1 ml of TMEDA was added. After stirring during 1 hr at room temperature and filtrat¬ ing the solution, the filtrate was slowly evaporated, resulting in large crystals.
All parameters were obtained by least squares from 2 θ values for reflections measured on a diffractometer under the following experimental conditions: CAD 4 Rf Nonius θ = 30°
Mo-Kα radiation - λ = 0.70145 A.
The salt (Ci4H25N3θs, group 1 CgHgNOs and group 2 CgHi6N2; Mw = 315.37) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2ι2ι2ι with a = 8.268(1), b = 9.929(7) and c = 20.221(2) A. α, β and γ = 90°. - R = 0.206 for 2747 reflections. Z = 4.
The molecules are bondedvia a strong hydrogen bond (2.65(1) A) between N(2) and 0(3) . Th C(6)-0(2) andC(6)-0(3) distances are 1.20(1) and 1.275(9) A, respectively, indicating a partial single bond character between C(6)-0(3) .
The atom coordinates are shown in Table II:
Table II
x/a y/b Z/C sigx sigy sigz
CI .73451 .61143 .51083 .00109 .00094 .00039
C2 .72822 .73554 .46864 .00099 .00085 .00037
C3 .77712 .80814 .53160 .00099 .00091 .00038
C4 .62466 .80092 .62729 .00091 .00081 .00035
C5 .74057 .68316 .63023 .00092 .00079 .00033
C6 .87476 .71031 .68279 .00092 .00083 .00034
C7 .51426 .83929 .67005 .00099 .00089 .00039
. ./ . Table II, continued
X/a y/b Z/C sigx sigy sigz
C8 .40390 .95903 .66482 .00104 .00092 .00040
C9 .94385 .09742 .62131 .00161 .00119 .00049
CIO .77651 .20910 .70628 .00115 .00169 .00053
Cll 1.36988 .31842 .57368 .00165 .00182 .00077
C12 1.28231 .43860 .66215 .00211 .00137 .00068
C13 1.07802 .36142 .57942 .00185 .00171 .00077
C14 .92742 .34721 .63555 .00146 .00127 .00064
N2 .92914 .21251 .66938 .00078 .00080 .00031
N3 1.22359 .33641 .61693 .00112 .00091 .00037
01 .69320 .49552 .50870 .00079 .00072 .00030
02 .98843 .77785 .66617 .00065 .00064 .00027
03 .84583 .65805 .73917 .00070 .00070 .00025
04 .64046 .86534 .56720 .00068 .00060 .00026
05 .42783 1.04139 .72369 .00074 .00075 .00031
Nl .80549 .68028 .56442 .00069 .00067 .00028
H21 .82775 .76503 .43642 .00679 .00618 .00278
H22 .60667 .74308 .44395 .00696 .00637 .00278
H31 .87967 .86532 .53289 .00739 .00655 .00279
H51 .69414 .59219 .64269 .00759 .00616 .00283
H71 .51235 .78214 .69945 .00721 .00654 .00273
Example 3 Preparation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane mono clavulanate from ethyl acetate solution
A solution of clavulanic acid in ethyl acetate (75 g, con¬ taining about 20 g of clavulanic acid/kg) was added in 10 min to 75 ml of ethyl acetate at 8°C while stirring and keeping the pH between 8 and 9 with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (TMEDA, 5.11 g, viz. a molar ratio of 8 related to clavulanic acid) . Stirring was continued for 0.5 hr and the precipitate was filtered off, washed with ethyl acetate and dried in vacuum at 35°C to give 2.62 g of TMEDA mono clavulanate (large crystals) .
The mother liquor (155 g) contained 0.03 g of clavulanic acid.
NMR (DMSO-d6) : 2.38 ppm, N-CH3 (s, 12H) ; 2.70 ppm, N-CH2
(s, 4H) ; 2.93 ppm, C6-/3H (d, 1H) ; 3.48 ppm, C6-αH (dd, 1H) ;
3.98 ppm, CH OH (m, 2H) ; 4.58 ppm, C3-H (s, 1H) ; 4.65 ppm, =C-H (tr, 1H) ; 5.58 ppm, C5-H (d, 1H) . Example 4
Preparation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-l,2-diaminoethane di clavulanate from ethyl acetate/acetone solution
5 A solution of clavulanic acid in ethyl acetate (200 ml con¬ taining 1.1 g of clavulanic acid) was added in 10 min to 200 ml of cold acetone (10*C) while stirring and keeping the pH between 7.5 and 8 with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (TMEDA, 0.64 g, viz. a molar ratio of 1.45 related to clavulanic acid). ιo stirring was continued for 0.5 hr and the precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetone and dried in vacuum at 35βC to give 1.24 g of TMEDA di clavulanate (crystals in needle form). The mother liquor (337 g) contained 0.11 g of clavulanic acid.
NMR (DMS0-d6) : 2.45 ppm, N-CH3 (s, 12H) ; 2.80 ppm, N-CH2
15 ( s , 4H) ; 2 .99 ppm, C6-/3H (d, 2H) ; 3 .53 ppm, C6-αH (dd , 2H) ; 3 . 99 ppm, CH20H (m, 4H) ; 4 . 69 ppm, =C-H (tr, 2H) ; 4 .76 ppm, C3-H (s , 2H) ; 5. 61 ppm, C5-H (d, 2H) .
20 Example 5
Preparation of 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol mono clavulanate
A solution of clavulanic acid in ethyl acetate (100 g, con¬ taining 20 g clavulanic acid/kg) was added over a period of 10 min
25 to 100 ml of acetone while stirring at 8°C and keeping the pH between 8.5 and 8.7 with 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol (2.54 g, viz. a molar ratio of 1.74 related to clavulanic acid) . Stirring was continued for 0.25 hr and the precipitate was filtered off and washed with 50 ml of a 1/1 mixture of acetone
30 and ethyl acetate and with acetone. Drying in vacuum at room temperature yielded 1.82 g of 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol mono clavulanate with a purity of 25.6% as free acid.
NMR (DMS0-d6) : 2.41 ppm, N-CH3 (s, 12H) ; 2.50 ppm, N-CH2 (dABq, 4H, J 12.6 Hz, J 4.8 Hz); 2.61 ppm, N-CH2 (dABq, 4H, J
35 12.6 Hz, J 4.8 Hz) ; 2.94 ppm, C6-/3H (d, 1H, J 16.5 Hz) ; 3.49 ppm, C6-αH (dd, 1H, J 16.5 Hz, J 2,7 Hz); 3.96 ppm CH20H, CHOH (m. 3H) ; 4.58 ppm, C3-H (s, 1H) ; 4.64 ppm =C-H (tr, 1H, J 6.8 Hz); 5.57 ppm, C5-H (d, 1H, J 2.6 Hz).
Example 6
Conversion of N,N, ',N/-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane mono clavulanate into potassium clavulanate
30 ml of a 0.35 M potassium acetate solution (solvent isopro- pylalcohol and 1% (w/v) water) was added dropwise to a suspension of 2 g ofN,N,N' ,N -tetramethyl-l,2-diamminoethanemonoclavula¬ nate (content 68.6%) in 50 ml of isopropanol. After 0.75 hr stirring at roomtemperature the precipitate was filtered, washed with 10 ml of isopropanol and dried in vacuum at 35°C yielding 1.44 g of crystalline potassium clavulanate with a content of 87% (clavulanic acid) and about 1.5% potassium acetate (HPLC analysis) . Themother liquorcontained about 0.06 g of clavulanic acid.
Example 7
Conversion of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-l,2-diaminoethane di clavu¬ lanate into potassium clavulanate
4.5 ml of a 2M solution of potassium 2-ethyl-hexanoate in isopropanol was added to a stirred solution of 2 g ofN,N,N',N'- tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane di clavulanate (purity 75.8% calculated as the free acid) in 20 ml of isopropanol and 2 ml of water at room temperature. After stirring for 0.25 hr the precipitate was filtered off and washedwith 5 ml of isopropanol. Drying in vacuum at room temperature gave 0.30 g of potassium clavulanate with a purity of 83.6% calculated as the free acid. A further 2.5 ml of a 2M solution of potassium 2-ethyl- hexanoate in isopropanol was added to the mother liquor and stirring was continued. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with 5 ml of isopropanol and dried to give 0.68 g of potassium clavulanate with a purity of 82.3% calculated as the free acid. Example 8
Conversion of 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol mono clavulanate into potassium clavulanate
1.6 ml of a 2M solution of potassium 2-ethyl-hexanoate in isopropanol was added to a stirred solution of 1 g of 1,3-bis(di¬ methylamino)-2-propanolmono clavulanate in 19 ml of isopropanol and 1 ml of water at room temperature. After stirring for 0.25 hr the precipitate was filtered off and washed with 15 ml of iso- propanol. Drying in vacuum at room temperature gave 0.38 g of potassium clavulanate with a purity of 80% as free acid.

Claims

Claims
1. A salt of clavulanic acid of the formula (Ila) or (lib)
Figure imgf000016_0001
(Ila)
Figure imgf000016_0002
(lib)
where Ri and R2 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionallyhaving one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms; R3 and R4 are each a (1-8C)alkyl, (3-8C)cycloalkyl or (3-8C)cycloalkyl(1-8C)alkyl group, optionally having one ormore inert substituents or are interlinked to form a ring of 4-7 ring atoms; X is hydrogen or a hydrogen bridge forming group; and m and n are each, independently, 0-5.
2. A salt of clavulanic acid according to claim 1 where R^, R2, R3 and R4 are methyl.
3. A salt of clavulanic acid according to claim 1 or 2 where X is hydrogen, n is 1 and m is 0.
4. A salt of clavulanic acid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X is hydroxy, n is 1 and m is 1.
5. A mono salt of clavulanic acid of formula Ila according to claim 1, wherein Ri, R2, R3 and R4 are methyl, X is hydrogen, n is 1 and m is 0.
6. A process for preparing a salt as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein clavulanic acid is reacted with a diamine (III) :
Figure imgf000017_0001
wherein R^, R , R3, R4, X, m and n are as defined in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, in an organic solvent.
7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the molar amount of diamine is greater than that of clavulanic acid.
8. A process according to claim 6 wherein the molar amount of diamine is less than that of clavulanic acid.
9. A process to prepare a salt as claimed in claim 5, wherein clavulanic acid is reacted with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diamino¬ ethane wherein the molar amount of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2- diaminoethane is greater than that of clavulanic acid.
10. A process for the preparation of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof which comprises converting a mono or diamine salt as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 4 and 5 into clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof. - 16 -
11. A process for the purification of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereofwhichprocess comprises: i) containing impure clavulanic acid in an organic solvent with diamine of formula III to form a salt; ii) isolating the salt produced in step i) ; and iii) converting the isolated salt into clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
12. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of clavu¬ lanic acid as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and a pharmaceuti¬ cally acceptable carrier or diluent.
13. Use of a salt as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 as an intermediate in a process for the preparation of clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
14. A clavulanic salt substantially as described in any one of Examples 2 to 8.
15. A process for preparing a diamine salt of clavulanic acid from clavulanic acid substantially as described in any one of Examples 2, 3, 4 and 5.
16. A process for preparing clavulanic acid from a diamine salt thereof substantially as described in any one of Examples 6, 7 and 8.
PCT/EP1994/000919 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid WO1994022873A1 (en)

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AU64294/94A AU682030B2 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
DE69400334T DE69400334T2 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 DIAMINE SALTS OF CLAVULANIC ACID
RO94-01881A RO112113B1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Clavulanic acid diaminic salts and preparation process therefor
BR9404743-0A BR9404743A (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
EP94911952A EP0647229B1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
DK94911952.3T DK0647229T3 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
DE0647229T DE647229T1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 DIAMINE SALTS OF CLAVULANIC ACID.
PL94306371A PL306371A1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
US08/338,585 US5821364A (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
RU94046014A RU2135502C1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Clavulanic acid diamine salts, method of their synthesis (variants), method of synthesis of clavulanic acid or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, method of purification of clavulanic acid of its salt
SK1442-94A SK279918B6 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Salts of clavulanic acid with diamines, process for their production, their use, and antibacterial pharmaceutical compositions based thereon
SI9430013T SI0647229T1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-03-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
LVP-94-220A LV11180B (en) 1993-03-26 1994-11-22 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
FI945510A FI945510A0 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-11-23 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid
BG99212A BG61948B1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-11-25 Diaminosalts of clavulanic acid
NO944531A NO301767B1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-11-25 Salt of clavulanic acid
GR950300030T GR950300030T1 (en) 1993-03-26 1995-06-30 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid.
GR960402720T GR3021347T3 (en) 1993-03-26 1996-10-16 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid.
CY196697A CY1966A (en) 1993-03-26 1997-07-04 Diamine salts of clavulanic acid

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WO1996020199A2 (en) 1994-12-24 1996-07-04 Spurcourt Limited Diclavulanate salt with a diamino ether and process of preparation
WO1996033197A1 (en) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Preparation of clavulanate salts
GB2282810B (en) * 1992-06-11 1997-02-26 Smithkline Beecham Plc Preparation or purification of clavulanic acid
US5726170A (en) * 1995-02-25 1998-03-10 Spurcourt Limited Clavulanic acid salts
US5780274A (en) * 1994-03-02 1998-07-14 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Company D.D. Process for the isolation of clavulanic acid and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. P 6621 FERM P 2804
US5859238A (en) * 1992-03-26 1999-01-12 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih Alkylenediammonium diclavulanate derivatives, a process for the preparation thereof as well as the use thereof
WO2000004028A1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-27 Dsm N.V. Improved process for the preparation of salts and esters of clavulanic acid
US6127358A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-10-03 Urquhart-Dykes & Lord Isolation of clavulanic acid from fermentation broth by ultrafiltration

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US6071532A (en) * 1996-10-15 2000-06-06 Emory University Synthesis of glycophospholipid and peptide-phospholipid conjugates and uses thereof
US6908663B1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2005-06-21 Awi Licensing Company Pigmented radiation cured wear layer
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US5859238A (en) * 1992-03-26 1999-01-12 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih Alkylenediammonium diclavulanate derivatives, a process for the preparation thereof as well as the use thereof
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GB2287026B (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-11-01 Smithkline Beecham Plc Clavulanic acid preparation via certain polyamines
DE4345311C1 (en) * 1992-06-11 1996-02-01 Smithkline Beecham Plc Process for the production and / or purification of clavulanic acid
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GB2287026A (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-09-06 Smithkline Beecham Plc Preparation or purification of clavulanic acid or its salts or esters
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US6566106B2 (en) 1994-03-02 2003-05-20 Lek Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co., D.D. Process for the isolation of clavulanic acid and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
US6207428B1 (en) 1994-03-02 2001-03-27 Lek Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. D.D. Process for the isolation of clavulanic acid and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. P 6621 FERM P 2804
US5985625A (en) * 1994-03-02 1999-11-16 Lek Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. Dd Process for the isolation of clavulanic acid and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. P 6621 FERM P 2804
US5780274A (en) * 1994-03-02 1998-07-14 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Company D.D. Process for the isolation of clavulanic acid and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. P 6621 FERM P 2804
WO1996020199A2 (en) 1994-12-24 1996-07-04 Spurcourt Limited Diclavulanate salt with a diamino ether and process of preparation
MD1738F2 (en) * 1994-12-24 2001-09-30 Spurcourt Limited Diclavulanate salt, process for obtaining and pharmaceutical composition on base thereof
WO1996020199A3 (en) * 1994-12-24 1996-09-12 Spurcourt Ltd Diclavulanate salt with a diamino ether and process of preparation
US5726170A (en) * 1995-02-25 1998-03-10 Spurcourt Limited Clavulanic acid salts
US6180782B1 (en) 1995-04-20 2001-01-30 Lek Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co., Dd Preparation of clavulanate salts
WO1996033197A1 (en) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-24 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Preparation of clavulanate salts
US6369219B2 (en) 1995-04-20 2002-04-09 Lek Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. Dd Preparation of clavulanate salts
US6127358A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-10-03 Urquhart-Dykes & Lord Isolation of clavulanic acid from fermentation broth by ultrafiltration
US6274575B1 (en) 1995-08-28 2001-08-14 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D. D. Isolation of clavulanic acid from fermentation broth by ultrafiltration
WO2000004028A1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-27 Dsm N.V. Improved process for the preparation of salts and esters of clavulanic acid

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