WO1994018557A1 - Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples - Google Patents
Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994018557A1 WO1994018557A1 PCT/GB1994/000271 GB9400271W WO9418557A1 WO 1994018557 A1 WO1994018557 A1 WO 1994018557A1 GB 9400271 W GB9400271 W GB 9400271W WO 9418557 A1 WO9418557 A1 WO 9418557A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- head
- tubes
- centrifuge
- centrifugal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
- G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/042—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/042—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates
- G01N2015/045—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates by optical analysis
Definitions
- This invention relates primarily to an auto-centrifuge analyser and associated diagnostic equipment such as for use by veterinary and medical practitioners .
- the invention is particularly useful for use in surgeries, offices, clinics, hospitals and so on, and largely adapted to perform haematology analysis.
- the invention also finds application in the analysis of other samples, including urine, river water and so on.
- the total number of white blood cells and the relative proportions of three different types of the cells, namely lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophiles is valuable to a clinician in the formation of a differential diagnoses in respect of many pathological conditions, especially inflammatory, infective and neoplastic diseases.
- a further particulate component of the blood which is of interest to the practitioner is the platelet.
- These are not cells but are cytoplasmic fragments formed from a specific cell type. Platelets play an important role in blood clotting.
- differential centrifugation analysers work by differential centrifugation of a stained blood sample.
- the interfaces between the different cell type segments are identified by microscopic examination and the relative proportion of the cell types calculated.
- the system is only really suitable to two species of mammals and some of the required blood parameters are not able to be measured.
- apparatus for analysing samples comprising sample carrying means, a centrifuge for rotating a said sample at a predetermined rotational velocity such that centrifugal force separates the various phases or components of the sample, sample reading means for reading or measuring predetermined characteristics of the sample, analysis means for analysing the data obtained by the sample reading means and display means for displaying data produced by the analysis means relating to the sample .
- the sample carrying means includes a centrifugal head having slots for supporting respective tubes.
- the sample carrying means also includes a cuvette receptor.
- the sample carrying means also includes a sample tube rotor.
- said tubes may be either blood centrifuge tubes or haematocrit tubes, wherein said blood centrifuge tubes are also adapted for containing urine.
- the centrifuge may include a DC servomotor and a drive shaft upon which the centrifugal head and sample tube rotor are adapted to be mounted.
- the sample reading means includes a haemoglobin photometer for reading predetermined characteristics relating to the sample contained in a cuvette positioned in the cuvette receptor, and a polychromatic optical head positioned on a scanning arm enabling radial readings of predetermined characteristics of the sample contained in a tube supported on the centrifugal head.
- the polychromatic optical head may typically include means for measuring the length of a sample within a tube, an interface detector and a multi-wavelength spectrophotometer.
- the scanning arm may be pivotably mounted at a position adjacent to the circumference of the centrifugal head such that one end of the arm supporting the polychromatic optical head may move from a first position outside of the circumference to a second position within the circumference defined by the centrifugal head.
- the scanning arm may include a linear track facilitating radial movement of the polychromatic optical head.
- the display means may comprise a visual display, such as an LCD screen or a printed output.
- the apparatus also includes a data input means such as a numeric and special function keyboard.
- a data input means such as a numeric and special function keyboard.
- the analysis means preferably includes a memory containing diagnostic data interpretation assistance, data comprising analytic reference ranges relevant to the sample being analysed and data comprising recommendations for further testing based on the associated analysis of the sample.
- the analysis means also includes means for calculating analytical concentrations and interpreting readings and measurements obtained by the sample reading means .
- the tubes are detachable from the cuvette receptor, rotor and centrifugal head and are disposable.
- said analyser is adapted to be connected to or integral with a pattern recognition means adapted to detect and record the size and morphological characteristics of a large number of cells.
- Fig. la and lb show pictorial views of an analyser in a respective closed and open position in accordance with the invention
- Figs. 2a and 2b show blood centrifuge tubes and haematocrit tubes respectively
- Fig. 3 shows a centrifugal head supporting four haematocrit tubes.
- Fig. 4 shows a rotor assembly with a tube rotor connected
- Fig. 5 shows a centrifuge drive assembly
- Fig. 6 shows a folded detector assembly for use in the optical head described in the invention.
- an auto centrifuge analyser 10 comprises a centrifuge 11, data- input means 12, data-display means 13 and a haemoglobin photometer (not shown) contained in the compartment 14.
- the data-display means 13 comprises an LED display while the data-input means 12 comprises a numeric and special function key pad.
- the analyser 10 in Fig. 1 is also provided with a lid 15 which enables access to the centrifuge 11, while protecting same when in a closed position from dust or other potential damage.
- An example embodiment of a drive assembly for the centrifuge 11 is shown in Fig. 5.
- a support frame provides a mounting for a DC servomotor 2 which drives a shaft 8 upon which is mounted a centrifugal head 16.
- the centrifugal head is shown in more detail in Fig. 3.
- Located just outside the circumference of the centrifugal head 16 is a second shaft 7 upon which may be pivotably mounted a scanning arm 17 supporting an optical head for reading predetermined characteristics of samples supported in tubes 22 on the centrifugal head 16.
- An example embodiment of a scanning arm 17 is also illustrated in Fig. 1.
- the shaft 8 upon which the centrifugal head 16 is adapted to be mounted may also be used to support a sample tube rotor 1.
- a sample tube rotor is adapted to support sample tubes 18 while being rigidly connected to the shaft 8 adapted to rotate the centrifugal head 16 and the tube rotor 1.
- the auto-centrifuge 11 is adapted to enable rotation of at least two different types of tubes, namely and by way of example only, a packed cell volume (PCV) or haematocrit tube supported on the centrifugal head 16 or a conical sample tube, supported in the sample tube rotor 1.
- PCV packed cell volume
- Fig. 2a shows a centrifuge conical sample tube 21 which is adapted to be located in one of the apertures in the sample tube rotor 1.
- the tube 21 may be disposable to maintain the integrity of the samples and, by way of example, might approximate a volume capacity of 1.5 millilitres.
- Such a tube may be equally used for the analysis of blood or urine or indeed other types of samples such as river water or beverages, whereby the rotational speed or duration of rotation may be varied in respect of the centrifuge 11.
- the haematocrit tube 22 shown in Fig. 2b is generally of a significantly thinner diameter and is adapted to be located in the slots 3 in the centrifugal head 16.
- the data-input means 12 may be used to control the rotational velocity of the centrifuge 11 to meet the requirements of the analysis test being conducted.
- the analyser 10 is also provided with an optical head mounted on a scanning arm 17.
- the head comprises a light source adapted to pass light through a sample, and a detector for detecting the non-absorbed light.
- the head is adapted to measure PCV and other similarly pertinent data, in addition to determining density of the sample film for cell counting and the like, in such circumstances where a contrifugal head 16 similar to that shown in Figure 3 is used.
- the analyser 10 is adapted to determine the packed cell volume of a sample placed in the haematocrit tube 22 by, having spun the sample using the centrifuge 11, using the optical head to measure the total length of the sample column (a) within the tube 22, search for interfaces between the different phases (for example, the plasma and the packed cell fraction) in the centrifuged sample, and then determine the percentage of packed cells (b) in the column (a) .
- the calculated PCV is then displayed by the display means 13 on the front of the analyser 10.
- the detector assembly generally described at 35 in Fig. 6 comprises a housing 30 which supports a mirror 31, a lens assembly 32 and a detector 33.
- light emitted from light source A is passed through the sample which might be located at B and thereafter reflected from the mirror 31 through the lens 32 to the detector 33.
- the detector signal is then analysed by the analysing means.
- the screws 34 may be used for adjustment of the mirror 31.
- the centrifuge 11 enables a plurality of functions to be performed. For example, it enables separation of red cells from plasma lserum by centrifugation, separation of urine sediment, cells and crystals by centrifugation, separation of fats and cells in milk by centrifugation, separation of particles in a water solution and floatation of parasite eggs in a preprepared faecal sample. Additionally, the auto- centrifuge enables a number of tests to be performed which are adapted to supply the clinician with important information in diagnosis and treatment.
- the auto-centrifuge may be an integral component of a larger blood cell counter.
- the auto-centrifuge for example, may be connected to an imager having a pattern recognition means adapted to detect and record, for example, the size and morphological characteristics of a large number of cells. It is recognised herein that software packages are in existence or may be produced which interpret cell patterns and provide the vast majority of haematological and other information required by practitioners. This would allow the device to perform both red and white blood cell counting, platelet estimates and many other tests. However, it may also be designed as a stand-alone device adapted to provide essential screening information to the practitioner.
- the analyser 10 is adapted to provide pertinent analytic data relating to the sample, together with preparing the sample for further study and analysis, in a particularly shortened time period to that previously experienced by practitioners.
- the preparatory ability of the analyser includes the preparation of plasma for biochemical analysis, urinary spun deposits, a haematocrit stained blood film. Furthermore, it uniquely combines a haemoglobin photometer with a centrifuge to synergistically increase the meaningful results that may be obtained.
- the optical head is adapted to move radially in respect to the centrifugal head 16, such that the light source A may pass light to the deflector assembly 35 throughout different points along the length of a haematocrit tube 22 located in the slots 3 of the centrifugal head 16.
- the invention provides, in a preferred embodiment, for the scanning arm 17 to be pivotably mounted such that the optical head is able to pass over the full length of a tube 22.
- An advantage of this pivotal movement is that the arm 17 may be cleared from the centrifugal head 16 when it is desired to position the rotor 1 on the centrifugal head 16.
- the arm 17 is U-shaped somewhat similar to a tuning fork, thereby providing a carrier for the light source above the head 16 and a carrier for the detector assembly 35 below the head 16.
- the optical head could be arranged with one or more linear tracks or bearings enabling radial movement of the head.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU60055/94A AU6005594A (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-10 | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
EP94906296A EP0635131A1 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-10 | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9302673.0 | 1993-02-11 | ||
GB939302673A GB9302673D0 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1993-02-11 | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994018557A1 true WO1994018557A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
Family
ID=10730220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1994/000271 WO1994018557A1 (en) | 1993-02-11 | 1994-02-10 | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0635131A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6005594A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2117916A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9302673D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994018557A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996017243A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-06 | Zynocyte Limited | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
US5551941A (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1996-09-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Automatic sample container handling centrifuge and a rotor for use therein |
EP0732576A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-18 | Sire Analytical Systems S.R.L. | Method to determine the sedimentation of blood and relative device |
WO1997036163A1 (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Zynocyte Limited | Apparatus and method for analysing blood samples |
EP0940185A2 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-08 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
WO1999045363A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-10 | Zynocyte Limited | Method of measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) or plasma fibrinogen of a blood sample |
EP0941767A2 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-15 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method for using blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
USRE36341E (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Dade Behring Inc. | Automatic sample container handling centrifuge and a rotor for use therein |
EP0965388A2 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 1999-12-22 | Becton Dickinson and Company | Centrifugal hematology disposable |
US6087182A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-07-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagentless analysis of biological samples |
DE102004011387B4 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2010-04-29 | L.U.M. Gmbh | Method and apparatus for characterizing multiple samples of a dispersion |
US7943386B2 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2011-05-17 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg | Apparatus and method for determining the volume fractions of the phases in a suspension |
GB2573126A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-30 | Entia Ltd | A method and apparatus for determining haemoglobin concentration |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4135883A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-01-23 | Bio-Dynamics Inc. | Blood analyzer system |
JPS5663239A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-29 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | Measuring apparatus of spectroscopic absorption of centrifuge for separation |
JPS56142442A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-11-06 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | Photoelectric scanning device for ultracentrifugal machine |
JPS6093349A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-25 | Mochida Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Device for measuring blood component and method of use thereof |
WO1989003986A1 (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-05 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Uv scanning system for centrifuge |
EP0392475A2 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-10-17 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd. | Analysis apparatus |
US5095451A (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1992-03-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Centrifuge particle size analyzer |
-
1993
- 1993-02-11 GB GB939302673A patent/GB9302673D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-02-10 EP EP94906296A patent/EP0635131A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-02-10 CA CA 2117916 patent/CA2117916A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-10 WO PCT/GB1994/000271 patent/WO1994018557A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-10 AU AU60055/94A patent/AU6005594A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4135883A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-01-23 | Bio-Dynamics Inc. | Blood analyzer system |
JPS5663239A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-29 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | Measuring apparatus of spectroscopic absorption of centrifuge for separation |
JPS56142442A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-11-06 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | Photoelectric scanning device for ultracentrifugal machine |
JPS6093349A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-25 | Mochida Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Device for measuring blood component and method of use thereof |
WO1989003986A1 (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-05 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Uv scanning system for centrifuge |
EP0392475A2 (en) * | 1989-04-11 | 1990-10-17 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd. | Analysis apparatus |
US5095451A (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1992-03-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Centrifuge particle size analyzer |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 5, no. 122 (P - 74)<794> 7 August 1981 (1981-08-07) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 18 (P - 100)<896> 2 February 1982 (1982-02-02) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 239 (P - 391)<1962> 25 September 1985 (1985-09-25) * |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5551941A (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1996-09-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Automatic sample container handling centrifuge and a rotor for use therein |
USRE36341E (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1999-10-12 | Dade Behring Inc. | Automatic sample container handling centrifuge and a rotor for use therein |
WO1996017243A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-06 | Zynocyte Limited | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples |
EP0732576A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-18 | Sire Analytical Systems S.R.L. | Method to determine the sedimentation of blood and relative device |
US5827746A (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1998-10-27 | Sire Analytical Systems Srl | Method to determine the sedimentation of blood and relative device |
WO1997036163A1 (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Zynocyte Limited | Apparatus and method for analysing blood samples |
EP0940185A2 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-08 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
EP0940185A3 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-11-02 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
EP0941767A2 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-15 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method for using blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
EP0941767A3 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-11-02 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Method for using blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
WO1999045363A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-10 | Zynocyte Limited | Method of measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) or plasma fibrinogen of a blood sample |
EP0965388A2 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 1999-12-22 | Becton Dickinson and Company | Centrifugal hematology disposable |
EP0965388A3 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2002-05-02 | Becton Dickinson and Company | Centrifugal hematology disposable |
US6087182A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-07-11 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagentless analysis of biological samples |
US6365109B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2002-04-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagentless analysis of biological samples |
US6426045B1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2002-07-30 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagentless analysis of biological samples |
US6773922B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Reagentless analysis of biological samples |
DE102004011387B4 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2010-04-29 | L.U.M. Gmbh | Method and apparatus for characterizing multiple samples of a dispersion |
US7943386B2 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2011-05-17 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg | Apparatus and method for determining the volume fractions of the phases in a suspension |
GB2573126A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-30 | Entia Ltd | A method and apparatus for determining haemoglobin concentration |
GB2573126B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2022-11-09 | Entia Ltd | A method and apparatus for determining haemoglobin concentration |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9302673D0 (en) | 1993-03-24 |
CA2117916A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
AU6005594A (en) | 1994-08-29 |
EP0635131A1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3009388A (en) | Apparatus for determining fluid fractions and sedimentataion rates | |
EP0830581B1 (en) | Determining erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit | |
EP1149277B1 (en) | Device and method for preliminary testing a neat serum sample in a primary collection tube | |
US5827746A (en) | Method to determine the sedimentation of blood and relative device | |
WO1994018557A1 (en) | Apparatus for analysing blood and other samples | |
US5734468A (en) | Probe and method for determining serum indices of a serum sample | |
US20080138852A1 (en) | Identification of blood elements using inverted microscopy | |
US6632679B1 (en) | Method to determine the speed of sedimentation of blood and other parameters correlated thereto, and relative apparatus | |
US4135819A (en) | Apparatus for measuring the aggregation rate of particles | |
CA2537500C (en) | Integrated apparatus for hematological analyses and related method | |
JP2002506208A (en) | Determination of white blood cell percentage and reticulocyte count | |
CA2771219A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for ascertaining interferents and physical dimensions in liquid samples and containers to be analyzed by a clinical analyzer | |
JPH09101304A (en) | Test tube ffor measuring sedimentation velocity of erythrocyte | |
KR102546374B1 (en) | Devices and methods for determining erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other linked parameters | |
US20100129855A1 (en) | Blood cell analyzer, blood cell analyzing method, and computer program product | |
JPS59206744A (en) | Centrifugal analyzer | |
JP4055802B2 (en) | Reaction disk for automatic analyzer | |
Stephen et al. | Analytical comparison between microhematocrit and automated methods for packed cell volume (PCV) determination | |
RU2256917C1 (en) | Method of determining dynamic of change in erythrocyte sedimentation velocity and device for implementation of the method | |
Pannu et al. | Warfarin related nephropathy: a case report from a tertiary hospital of north India and review of literature | |
JP4062549B2 (en) | Cell for separation of insoluble matter from suspension | |
RU2289133C1 (en) | Method for determining hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, blood platelets quantity, hematokrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in whole blood | |
SU632396A1 (en) | Centrifuge for analysing liquid impurity content | |
JP2021516335A (en) | An analysis method for a biological sample containing living cells and an analyzer for carrying out the analysis method. | |
Luhran | Clinical Pathology Review |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR KZ LK LU LV MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA US UZ VN |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: US Ref document number: 1994 318690 Date of ref document: 19941011 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2117916 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2117916 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1994906296 Country of ref document: EP |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1994906296 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1994906296 Country of ref document: EP |